Continuities and Changes of Europe in Romanian National Discourse
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Scrisuri 3 2000-2009 3
PAUL GOMA - SCRISURI 3 2000-2009 3 P a u l G o m a S C R Ì S U R I 3 2000 - 2009 interviuri, dialoguri, articole CURTEA VECHE 2009 PAUL GOMA - SCRISURI 3 2000-2009 5 2 0 0 0 * Paris, 1 februarie 2000 O AGEND™… LITERAR™ Am primit un colet din România. Cum n-am fost atent la expeditor, când l-am deschis, am fost surprins: “Funda∞ia Cultural¶ România”, Ea ïns¶§i îmi trimisese… o agend¶ din mu§ama veritabil¶, ro§catìe, cu litere §i col∞are de aur… Mi-am zis c¶ o fi o agend¶ obi§nuit¶ - mai ales c¶ pe copert¶ scrie: 2000. M-am în§elat : agenda nu este una obi§nuit¶, ci… special¶ : “5+366 scriitori români” - cincii prezen∞i doar prin fotografii : Eminescu, Creang¶, Slavici, Caragiale, Maiorescu, iar restul… Mi-am zis apoi c¶, fiind o agend¶ - cum ar veni : un calendar, voi fi de g¶sit (dac¶ nu m-ar fi inclus, nu mi-ar fi trimis agenda, nu ?), la 2 octombrie, ziua de na§tere a mea… Nu m-am g¶sit acolo. Atunci am constatat : «Nu m-au inclus…» M¶ în§elasem înc¶ o dat¶ - a câta oar¶ ? Am b¶gat de seam¶ o ordine alfabetic¶. De ast¶ dat¶ nu m-am mai în§elat (era §i timpul) ; figuram la G, între Golopen∞ia §i Grigorescu. Am priceput : fiec¶ruia din cei 366 de scriitori cuprin§i i se rezervase o pagin¶, echivalînd cu o zi (la ceva tot a fost bun¶, agenda: am aflat din ea c¶ anul acesta are un februarie de 29 zile). -
British Clandestine Activities in Romania During the Second World
British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War This page intentionally left blank British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War Dennis Deletant Visiting ‘Ion Ra¸tiu’ Professor of Romanian Studies, Georgetown University, USA © Dennis Deletant 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978–1–137–57451–0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. -
Communism and Post-Communism in Romania : Challenges to Democratic Transition
TITLE : COMMUNISM AND POST-COMMUNISM IN ROMANIA : CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AUTHOR : VLADIMIR TISMANEANU, University of Marylan d THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : University of Marylan d PR1NCIPAL 1NVEST1GATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 81 1-2 3 DATE : March 26, 1998 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded by contract with the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right to duplicate an d disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under thi s Contract, as follows : Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its ow n internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) for its own internal use ; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreign governments, entities an d individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination i n accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United State s Government granting the public rights of access to documents held by the United State s Government. -
Journal of Anglo-Turkish Relations, Volume 2, Number 1, January 2021 Boşcan, Liliana Elena
Journal of Anglo-Turkish Relations, Volume 2, Number 1, January 2021 Boşcan, Liliana Elena. “Activity of the Special Operation Executive in Romania via Turkey, 1943 – 1944”, Journal of Anglo-Turkish Relations, Vol. 2, No. 1, (January 2021), pp. 11-23. Activity of the Special Operation Executive in Romania via Turkey, 1943 - 1944 Liliana Elena Boșcan1 Abstract The Anschluss of March 1938 marks the point at which Hitler’s designs for Europe became clearer to Britain and greater prominence was given to considerations about Romania. Between 1938 and 1941 Britain’s only weapon against German ambitions in countries which fell into Hitler’s orbit were military subversive operations — the destruction of the oilfields and the interdiction of supply routes by the Danube and the rail network — but S.O.E. ((Special Operation Executive) failed. Between 1941 and 1944, the S.O.E. (Special Operation Executive) activity was centred on the revival of wireless contacts with Iuliu Maniu, head of the National Peasant Party, aimed at persuading through him Marshal Ion Antonescu to abandon the Axis and the provision of a channel of communication of armistice terms by the Allies (Autonomous Mission, December 1943). The S.O.E. has taken steps to create a reliable communication channel between S.O.E. residents in Istanbul and Bucharest. A network was made through Turkey legations or through emissaries sent to Istanbul, Ankara and Cairo, or by radio broadcast and by agents launched with parachute. Keywords: S.O.E., Romanian-Turkish Relations, Oil, Balkans, World War II 1. Introduction In April 1938, Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair, the Head of the British Secret Intelligence Service (S.I.S. -
Hungarian Monarchy. Case Study
Nationalism, national movements and the dissolution of the Austro -Hungarian Monarchy. Case study: the activity and discourse of the Romanian National Party of Transylvania 1900-1914 By Szele Aron -Central European University- 2008 CEU eTD Collection 1 Introduction The subject chosen for research has had a turbulent historiographical past, and can be considered quite controversial, in more ways than one. Interpretative strategies of different nationality and political affiliation went abou t rendering the Romanian political elite of Transylvania in altogether dissimilar fashion. But most agree that their special brand of regionally developed nationalism and political activism were paramount in the developments which took place and reverberat ed into Hungarian and Romanian history. This generation of politicians was instrumental in the development of a discourse of contestation towards the centre, based on mass politics and territorial nationalism 1. This dissertation will focus on showing how T ransylvanian Romanian nationalism and national-political elite diachronically altered its discourse, spawning, from the same root, ideologies that ranged from dynastic loyalty, to democracy and populist nationalism. The rendition of the Romanian national movement of Transylvania during its activist phase by Romanian historiography has been plagued by inconsistencies. The official account on the events which ingrained itself after the war in the collective mindset of Romanian historiography was one of unbr idled triumphalism, and a vision of solidarity was projected onto the movement on all levels. This interpretation was to be CEU eTD Collection perpetuated by the post-1945 history-writing, with a single, but paradigmatic twist: it gradually phased out the subject. Works such as the would-be magnum opus of 1 Carl E. -
Paul Goma – Basarabia
BASARABIA 1 Paul Goma BASARABIA August 2001 2 PAUL GOMA Paris, 11 iunie 2001 Când Victor a rostit un nume §i m-a întrebat dac¶ îmi spune ceva, am r¶spuns c¶ nu. Mai aproape de adev¶r : Victor a pronun∞at un nume, apoi m-a întrebat dac¶ acela mi-e cunoscut. Am spus, pe dat¶ : Nu. Aveam o bun¶ memorie, în general, în special, a numelor, una excelent¶. Chiar dac¶ am mai gre§it… Mi-o aduc aminte pe cea din urm¶ gaf¶ ?, gre§eal¶ ? A avut ca decor saloanele Senatului Fran∞ei, în februarie 1900. Atunci veniser¶ la Paris un mare num¶r de avioane înc¶rcate- ochi cu viteji revolu∞ionari post-festumnici, de te întrebai cum de supravie∞uise Ceau§escu 24 ani, ba, cu o s¶pt¶mân¶ înainte de a fi împu§cat de Sturdza-Voican, masele largi de români opozan∞i feroci ai tiranului îl aclamaser¶ îndelung, urîndu-i s¶ tr¶iasc¶ ! Dar, Doamne, cât de umfla∞i în pene erau scriitorii români cotidieni, eroi f¶r¶ voie §i f¶r¶ §tire !; cum nu-§i mai înc¶peau în piele - nici în nume : Manolescu, M¶rculescu, Sorescu, Buzura, H¶ulic¶, Pippidi, Martin… Aproape cu to∞ii, dînd mâna cu mine, î§i spuneau r¶spicat numele §i prenumele (erau gata s¶-mi comunice §i bibliografia), de parc¶ atunci ne-am fi v¶zut pentru prima oar¶… Dar bineîn∞eles c¶ îi cuno§team, c¶ îi recuno§team - îi §tiam, îi prea §tiam, chiar §i pe cei mai tineri, afirma∞i dup¶ plecarea noastr¶ în exil. -
Romania Redivivus
alexander clapp ROMANIA REDIVIVUS nce the badlands of neoliberal Europe, Romania has become its bustling frontier. A post-communist mafia state that was cast to the bottom of the European heap by opinion- makers sixteen years ago is now billed as the success story Oof eu expansion.1 Its growth rate at nearly 6 per cent is the highest on the continent, albeit boosted by fiscal largesse.2 In Bucharest more politicians have been put in jail for corruption over the past decade than have been convicted in the rest of Eastern Europe put together. Romania causes Brussels and Berlin almost none of the headaches inflicted by the Visegrád Group—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia— which in 1993 declined to accept Romania as a peer and collectively entered the European Union three years before it. Romanians con- sistently rank among the most Europhile people in the Union.3 An anti-eu party has never appeared on a Romanian ballot, much less in the parliament. Scattered political appeals to unsavoury interwar traditions—Legionnairism, Greater Romanianism—attract fewer voters than do far-right movements across most of Western Europe. The two million Magyars of Transylvania, one of Europe’s largest minorities, have become a model for inter-ethnic relations after a time when the park benches of Cluj were gilded in the Romanian tricolore to remind every- one where they were. Indeed, perhaps the aptest symbol of Romania’s place in Europe today is the man who sits in the Presidential Palace of Cotroceni in Bucharest. Klaus Iohannis—a former physics teacher at a high school in Sibiu, once Hermannstadt—is an ethnic German head- ing a state that, a generation ago, was shipping hundreds of thousands of its ‘Saxons’ ‘back’ to Bonn at 4,000–10,000 Deutschmarks a head. -
Selected Records Related to A.C. Cuza and the National Christian Party RG-25.059M
Selected records related to A.C. Cuza and the National Christian Party RG-25.059M United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW Washington, DC 20024-2126 Tel. (202) 479-9717 e-mail: [email protected] Descriptive summary Title: Selected records related to A.C. Cuza and the National Christian Party Dates: 1834-1948 (inclusive) 1934-1943 (bulk) Accession number: 2009.267 Creator: Partidul Naţional Creştin. Liga Apărării Naţional Creştine Extent: 7,535 digital images 7 microfilm reels (digitized) Repository: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW, Washington, DC 20024-2126 Languages: Romanian Scope and content of collection Contains records relating to A. C. Cuza, a leading anti-Semite in Romania and the leader of the National Christian Party (PNC) which was in power December 1937 to February 1938. Also contains records relating to Istrate Micescu, the Justice Minister of the PNC administration. Administrative Information Restrictions on access: No restrictions on access. Restrictions on reproduction and use: Restrictions on use. Fair use only. Use only for scientific purposes (not for commercial use) Preferred citation: Preferred citation for USHMM archival collections; consult the USHMM website for guidance. Acquisition information: Source of acquisition is the Arhivele Naţionale ale României (Romanian National Archives), Fond personal A.C. Cuza (inv. 1139) and Fond personal Istrate Miscescu. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives received the collection via the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum International Archives Program in November, 2009. Existence and location of originals: Arhivele Naţionale ale României Historical note The National-Christian Defense League (Romanian: Liga Apararii National Crestine or LANC) was a virulently anti-Semitic political party of Romania formed by A. -
Article Intelligence Sector Reforms in Romania: a Scorecard
Intelligence Sector Reforms in Romania: A Article Scorecard Lavinia Stan Marian Zulean St. Francis Xavier University, Canada University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Abstract Since 1989, reforms have sought to align the Romanian post-communist intelligence community with its counterparts in established democracies. Enacted reluctantly and belatedly at the pressure of civil society actors eager to curb the mass surveillance of communist times and international partners wishing to rein in Romania’s foreign espionage and cut its ties to intelligence services of non-NATO countries, these reforms have revamped legislation on state security, retrained secret agents, and allowed for participation in NATO operations, but paid less attention to oversight and respect for human rights. Drawing on democratization, transitional justice, and security studies, this article evaluates the capacity of the Romanian post-communist intelligence reforms to break with communist security practices of unchecked surveillance and repression and to adopt democratic values of oversight and respect for human rights. We discuss the presence of communist traits after 1989 (seen as continuity) and their absence (seen as discontinuity) by offering a wealth of examples. The article is the first to evaluate security reforms in post- communist Romania in terms of their capacity to not only overhaul the personnel and operations inherited from the Securitate and strengthen oversight by elected officials, but also make intelligence services respectful of basic human rights. Introduction Since transitioning away from communist dictatorship in 1989, Romania has become a liberal democracy and a member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. As elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe where the communist secret police had conducted repression, in Romania the backbone of democratization was represented by reforms of the intelligence community, understood to comprise all of the intelligence services operating in the country. -
1 UNIVERSITY of ARTS in BELGRADE Interdisciplinary
UNIVERSITY OF ARTS IN BELGRADE Interdisciplinary postgraduate studies Cultural management and cultural policy Master thesis Reinventing the City: Outlook on Bucharest's Cultural Policy By: Bianca Floarea Supervisor: Milena Dragićević-Šešić, PhD Belgrade, October 2007 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………… ..………. 3 Abstract……………. …………………………..………………….…………………………..……... 4 Introduction.…………………………………….………………………………………………...…... 5 Methodological Approach. Research Design and Data Analysis….………………………..…….. 7 I. The Evolution of Urban Cultural Policies in Europe..……………………….…............................. 9 I.1. Cultural Policies and the City…………………………………………….…… 9 I.2. Historical Trajectory of Urban Cultural Policies……………………………… 11 II. The Cultural Policy of Bucharest. Analysis and Diagnosis of the City Government’s Approach to Culture……………………………………………………………………………………………... 26 II.1. The City: History, Demographics, Economical Indicators, Architecture and the Arts... 26 II.1.1. History……………………………………………………………………… 27 II.1.2. Demographics………………………………………………………….…… 29 II.1.3. Economical Indicators……………………………………………………… 30 II.1.4. Architecture………………………………………………………………… 30 II.1.5. The Arts Scene…………………………………..…………………………. 32 II. 2. The Local Government: History, Functioning and Structure. Overview of the Cultural Administration………………………………………………………………. 34 II.2.1. The Local Government: History, Functioning And Structure…….……..… 34 II.2.2. Overview of the Cultural Administration…………………..……………… 37 II.3 The Official Approach to Culture -
V. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010
THIRD SECTION CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) STOP STRASBOURG 27 May 2010 DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010 This judgment has become final under Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to formal amendments. CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA In the case of de Hohenzollern (of Romania) v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting in a Chamber composed of : Josep Casadevall, President, Elisabet Fura, Corneliu Bîrsan, Boštjan M. Zupančič, Egbert Myjer, Luis López Guerra, Ann Power, judges, and Stanley Naismith, Deputy Section Registrar, After deliberation in chambers on 4 May 2010, delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 18811/02) against Romania lodged with the Court on 22 April 2002 under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by two British and Romanian nationals, Mr Carol Mircea Grigore de Hohenzollern (of Romania) and Mr Paul Philip de Hohenzollern (of Romania) respectively. The applicants are represented by Tamara Solecki, a London lawyer. 2. The Romanian Government ("the Government") is represented by its Agent, Mr Răzvan-Horaţiu Radu, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3. Following the death of the first applicant, his wife, Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern, and his son, the second applicant, expressed a wish to continue the proceedings on 16 February 2006. Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern also died in 2007, leaving Mrs Emma Louise Ropner as her heir, who did not send the Court a request to continue the proceedings. -
Download the Full Document About Romania
About Romania Romania (Romanian: România, IPA: [ro.mɨni.a]) is a country in Southeastern Europe sited in a historic region that dates back to antiquity. It shares border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south. Romania has a stretch of sea coast along the Black Sea. It is located roughly in the lower basin of the Danube and almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory. Romania is a parliamentary unitary state. As a nation-state, the country was formed by the merging of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 and it gained recognition of its independence in 1878. Later, in 1918, they were joined by Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia. At the end of World War II, parts of its territories (roughly the present day Moldova) were occupied by USSR and Romania became a member of Warsaw Pact. With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Romania started a series of political and economic reforms that peaked with Romania joining the European Union. Romania has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 2007, and has the ninth largest territory in the EU and with 22 million people [1] it has the 7th largest population among the EU member states. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest (Romanian: Bucureşti /bu.kureʃtʲ/ (help·info)), the sixth largest city in the EU with almost 2 million people. In 2007, Sibiu, a large city in Transylvania, was chosen as European Capital of Culture.[2] Romania joined NATO on March 29, 2004, and is also a member of the Latin Union, of the Francophonie and of OSCE.