DOCSLIB.ORG

Book Reviews Kari Alenius, Unselfishly for Peace and Justice

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Book Reviews Kari Alenius, Unselfishly for Peace and Justice Book Reviews Kari Alenius, Unselfishly for Peace and Justice—And against Evil: The Rhetoric of the Great Powers in the UN Security Council, 1946–1956. Turin: Societas Historica, Fin- landiae Septentroniu, 2014. 248 pp. Reviewed by Martin McCauley, University of London The United Nations (UN) Security Council was the international forum for the first skirmishes in the Cold War. Whereas negotiations involving the great powers were held behind closed doors, the Security Council was the first venue in which debates Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/22/2/181/1860578/jcws_r_00946.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 transpired in public. The Soviet Union and the United States took the Security Coun- cil very seriously. The United Kingdom normally played a supporting role to the United States, and France and China (represented by Taiwan until 1972) were often bystanders. Kari Alenius, in this groundbreaking study, attempts to unravel the techniques deployed by the various actors in the drama. He examines in considerable detail the various facets of rhetoric that were deployed. Rhetoric can be seen as consisting of three parts: the personality of the speaker; pathos or attempts to involve the listener emo- tionally in the argument; and the logic of the argument. Alenius uses the metaphor of the fairy tale to dissect many of the speeches. Rhetoric employs various dichotomies: good versus evil; logical versus illogical; beneficial versus inimical. One’s own argu- ments are always positive, and those of the opponent always negative. This leads to the creation of an enemy image. The goals of the enemy are depicted as dangerous, damaging, and having long-term consequences. The enemy image did not appear fully formed in 1946 but took shape as the Cold War intensified. A recurring discourse is one that presents the delegate’s policies as “just, honest, and unselfish” (p. 233). An- other rhetorical tactic is to represent one’s country as neutral. The objective is to solve the problem under review. Aleniu examines the Iran crisis of 1946, the Palestinian crisis of 1948, the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the crisis in Guatemala in 1954, and the Hungarian and Suez crises of 1956. He concentrates on the first month of each crisis. I would have liked the Greek Civil War to have been included. Aleniu quotes no speeches in the original Russian and appears to rely solely on English and French translations. The term “propaganda” appears often. The problem with using that word is that the English meaning is normally negative. However, in Russian, German, and other European languages it does not have inherently negative connotations and normally means “information.” In Russian, “propaganda” was linked to agitation and agitprop and was of great importance. Propaganda inculcated the value system of Marxism- Leninism. It was always hostile toward Western “bourgeois” ideology. Civility was observed by all during the Iran crisis, but this mask was dropped as the Cold War heated up. The fairy tale approach is evident: one’s own side is all good, and the other side is all evil. Other countries that are on the evil side are seen as being duped or used or coerced by the evil one. Alenius states that Soviet rhetoric was 181 Book Reviews “demanding and commanding and unfailingly contained elements constructive of the enemy image” (p. 234). One can add to this that Soviet officials negotiated rather than bargained. Initially, they would put forth a demand, and then a threat. If that was not successful, they would come up with a bigger threat. Soviet officials shared information only with those they trusted, not with strangers. Trust is based on personal contacts. This explains why the Soviet Union devoted little time to compromise, concession, or understanding the viewpoint of the opponent. Alenius also emphasizes that leaders in Moscow believed the USSR’s enormous loss of life during World War II conferred Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/22/2/181/1860578/jcws_r_00946.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 on it a special status. It did not regard other states as its equal. The United States, by contrast, sought a win-win situation. Bargaining, concessions, and the like were important. The British set out to avoid giving offense to anyone and sought to win by logical argument. They assumed that everyone was a rational actor. The French exuded self-importance and emphasized their role as a world power. China appeared to regard itself as supernumerary and was often reluctant to say anything. Normally the United States and Britain were on the same side. The exceptions were the Palestinian crisis and the Suez crisis, when the United States and the Soviet Union were the virtuous ones. In the former case, Britain was the evil one, and in the latter case that role was played by both Britain and France. The seeds of the Cold War were evident in the Iran crisis. Abuse, impugning the integrity of the other side, and insults became the order of the day afterward. One intriguing point that Alenius does not examine is why the Soviet Union stayed away from the UN Security Council until August 1950. This permitted the United States to put together a UN military coalition to fight against North Korea through the Uniting for Peace resolution. Why did Moscow not return immediately after the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950? Soviet diplomats could then have vetoed the resolution. All in all, the conclusion reached is that the Security Council was a weak institution. 182.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian)
    Coor din ates: 3 2 °N 5 3 °E Iran Irān [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known اﯾﺮان :Iran (Persian [11] [12] Islamic Republic of Iran as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/), officially the Islamic (Persian) ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران Jomhuri-ye ﺟﻤﮭﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان :Republic of Iran (Persian Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen)),[13] is a sovereign state in Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān Western Asia.[14][15] With over 81 million inhabitants,[7] Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country.[16] Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,37 2 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17 th-largest in the world. Iran is Flag Emblem bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan,[a] to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the Motto: اﺳﺗﻘﻼل، آزادی، ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf ("Independence, freedom, the Islamic of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The Republic") [1] country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, (de facto) and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it Anthem: ﺳرود ﻣﻠﯽ ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران geostrategic importance.[17] Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ("National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran") and cultural center. 0:00 MENU Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,[18][19] beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE.
    [Show full text]
  • Canterbury Christ Church University's Repository of Research Outputs Http
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Canterbury Research and Theses Environment Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. Revell, S. (2018) The 1953 coup in Iran: U.S. and British foreign policy in Iran, 1951-1953 and the covert operation to overthrow the elected government of Mohammad Mosaddeq. M.A. thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University. Contact: [email protected] The 1953 Coup in Iran: U.S. and British Foreign Policy in Iran, 1951-1953 and the Covert Operation to Overthrow the Elected Government of Mohammad Mosaddeq by Stephen Revell Canterbury Christ Church University Thesis submitted for the degree of Masters by Research 2018 Abstract The 1953 coup in Iran that overthrew the elected government of Mohammad Mosaddeq had a profound effect on Iranian history and U.S.-Iranian relations. The covert operation by the U.S. and British intelligence agencies abruptly ended a period of Iranian democracy and with it, efforts to nationalise the Iranian oil industry.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Combating the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass
    Costeas-Geitonas School Model United Nations 2016 Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee Issue: Combating the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Greater Middle East region Student Officer: Lida Arapogianni Position: Deputy Chair INTRODUCTION ISIS continues to control a significant part of the Middle East, the Israeli-Palestinian relations worsen, the Syrian Civil war has killed an estimated 2700001 people and has threatened the lives of 11 million more who have left the country, Turkey’s national security has been violated many times over the past months, Egypt and many other countries are facing political instability, Yemen is in war, and last but not A map of The Middle East least Iran has planned a new Nuclear program. All in all, the Middle East is facing great political and social instability, further undermined by numerous problems such as poverty and violations of fundamental human rights worsening the situation. Moreover, it is a fact that the leaders of this region have used Weapons of Mass Destruction in the past against innocent civilians fighting for their fundamental rights. For example, two years ago Bashar al Assad, the president of Syria used chemical weapons during the Syrian Civil War. Bashar al Assad is not the only prime minster that does not follow the rules of international conventions and treaties signed by his country. These reasons, which will be analyzed in this study guide, have led to the “Free -The Middle East” proposal, which proposes the denuclearization of the Middle East as well as making The Middle East a region free of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Relations of the United States 1952–1954, Iran, 1951–1954
    339-370/428-S/80022 FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 1952–1954 IRAN, 1951–1954 DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington 339-370/428-S/80022 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954 Iran, 1951–1954 Editor James C. Van Hook General Editor Adam M. Howard United States Government Publishing Office Washington 2017 339-370/428-S/80022 DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Historian Bureau of Public Affairs For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 339-370/428-S/80022 Preface The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity of the United States Government. The Historian of the Department of State is charged with the responsibility for the preparation of the Foreign Relations series. The staff of the Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, under the direction of the General Editor of the Foreign Relations series, plans, researches, selects, and edits the volumes in the series. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg first promulgated official regulations codifying specific standards for the selection and editing of documents for the series on March 26, 1925. These regulations, with minor modifications, guided the series through 1991. Public Law 102–138, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, es- tablished a new statutory charter for the preparation of the series which was signed by President George H.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Instigated the White Revolution of the Shah and the People in Iran, 1963?
    Agent or Client: Who Instigated the White Revolution of the Shah and the People in Iran, 1963? A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2015 Michael J. Willcocks School of Arts, Languages and Cultures ! 2! Contents Photographs & Cartoons 5 ! Abstract 6 ! Declaration 7 ! Copyright Statement 8 ! Acknowledgements 9 Introduction 10 Literature Review: US-Iranian Relations and 10 Reform in Iran 1961-63 ! Approach 26 Contribution to Knowledge 28 ! Research Questions 28 ! Hypothesis 28 ! Methodology & Sources 29 ! Thesis Structure 31 ! Transliteration 32 ! ! Chapter 1: Iran! and the United States 1945-61 33 ! 1.1 US-Iranian Relations 1946-61 33 1.2 Iranian Situation 1953-61 39 Chapter 2: ʻAlī Amīnī: The Last Chance? 47 2.1 The Appointment of ʻAlī Amīnī 47 2.1.1 The Man 48 2.1.2 The Controversy 50 2.1.3 Events 52 2.1.4 Explanation 59 2.2 Amīnī’s Plan and Team 66 2.2.1 Amīnī’s Plan 66 2.2.2 Amīnī’s Cabinet 67 2.2.2.1 Ḥasan Arsanjānī 70 2.2.2.2 Nūr al-Dīn Alamūtī 72 2.2.2.3 Muḥammad Dirakhshish 73 2.2.3 A Divided Government 75 2.3 The White House Reacts 77 2.3.1 Economic Assistance 78 ! ! 3! 2.3.1.1 Transition to the Decade of Development 80 2.3.1.2 Reacting to the Crisis in Iran 84 2.3.2 The Iran Task Force 87 2.3.2.1 Policy Objectives 89 2.3.2.2 US Support for Amīnī 93 2.4 Amīnī’s Government: Generating Momentum 97 2.4.1 Anti-Corruption 98 2.4.2 Managing The Economy 100 2.4.3 Third Plan Preparations 101 2.4.4 Land Reform 102 ! Chapter 3: Controlling! the Future 106 !
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Forgetting: New Zealand-Greek Wartime Relationship
    Politics of Forgetting: New Zealand-Greek Wartime Relationship Martyn Brown Bachelor of Arts Graduate Diploma Library Science Graduate Diploma Information Technology Post-Graduate Diploma Business Research Master of Arts (Research) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of History Philosophy Religion and Classics Abstract In extant New Zealand literature and national public commemoration, the New Zealand experience of wartime Greece largely focuses on the Battle of Crete in May 1941 and, to a lesser extent, on the failed earlier mainland campaign. At a politico-military level, the ill-fated Greek venture and the loss of Crete hold centre stage in the discourse. In terms of commemoration, the Battle of Crete dominates as an iconic episode in the national history of New Zealand. As far as the Greeks are concerned, New Zealand elevates and embraces Greek civilians to the point where they overshadow the Greek military. The New Zealand drive to place the Battle of Crete as supporting its national self-imagining has been achieved, but what has been forgotten in the process? The wartime connection between the Pacific nation and Greece lasted for the remainder of the international conflict and was highly complex and sometimes violent. In occupied Greece and Crete, as well as in the Middle East, North Africa and Italy, New Zealand forces had to interact with a divided Greek nation that had been experiencing ongoing political turmoil and intermittent civil conflict. Individual New Zealanders found themselves acting as liaison officers with competing partisan groups. Greek military units with a history of mutiny and political intrigue were affiliated with the main New Zealand fighting force, the Second New Zealand Division.
    [Show full text]
  • Untitleddocument
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_civil_wars Modern (1800–1945)[edit] ​ ​ ​ ● Argentine Civil Wars, 1814–1880 ​ ● Zulu Civil War, 1817–1819 ​ ● Greek Civil War, 1824–1825 ​ ● Liberal Wars (Portugal), 1828–1834. ​ ​ ​ ● Chilean Civil War, 1829–1830 ​ ● Ragamuffin War (Brazil), 1835–1845 ​ ​ ​ ● Carlist Wars (Spain), 1833–1839, 1846–1849, and 1872–1876 ​ ● Uruguayan Civil War, 1839–1851 ​ ● Māori War (New Zealand), 1845–1872 ​ ● Sonderbund war (Switzerland), November 1847 ​ ● Revolutions of 1848; numerous European countries, 1848–1849 ​ ● Revolution of 1851 (Chile) ​ ​ ​ ● Taiping Rebellion (China), 1851–1864 ​ ● Bleeding Kansas, 1854–1858 ​ ● Indian rebellion, 1857 ​ ● War of Reform (Mexico), 1857–1861 ​ ● American Civil War (United States), 1861–1865 ​ ● Klang War (Malaysia); also known as Selangor Civil War, 1867–1874 ​ ​ ​ ● Boshin War (Japan), 1868–1869 ​ ● Satsuma Rebellion (Japan), 1877 ​ ● Jementah Civil War (Malaysia), 1878 ​ ​ ​ ● The North-West Rebellion (Canada), 1885 ​ ​ ● Chilean Civil War, 1891 ​ ● War of Canudos (Brazil), 1896–1897 ​ ​ ​ ● Banana Wars (Central America), 1898–1934 ​ ​ ​ ● Boxer Rebellion (China), 1899–1901 ​ ● Thousand Days War (Colombia), 1899–1902 ​ ​ ​ ● Mexican Revolution, 1910–1920 ​ ● Warlord Era; period of civil wars between regional, provincial, and private armies in ​ China, 1912–1928 ● Russian Civil War, 1917–1921 ​ ● Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, 1918–2003 ​ ● Finnish Civil War, 1918 ​ ● German Revolution, 1918–1919 ​ ● Irish Civil War, 1922–1923 ​ ● Paraguayan Civil War, 1922–1923 ​ ● Nicaraguan
    [Show full text]
  • I: the GREEK COMMUNIST PARTY: RESISTANCE OR REVOLUTION? 1. for the Founding Charter of SEKE See KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924 (
    Notes I: THE GREEK COMMUNIST PARTY: RESISTANCE OR REVOLUTION? 1. For the Founding Charter of SEKE see KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924 (KKE Official Documents), vol. I (Athens, 1964) pp. 5-13. On the history of the Greek socialist movement see Kordatos, Y., Istoria tou Ellinikou Ergatikou Kinimatos (Athens, 1972); Benaroya, A., I Proti Stadiodromia tou Ellinikou Proletariatou (Athens, 1975); Moskof, K., I Ethniki kai Koinoniki Synidisi stin Ellada, 1830-1909 (Athens, 1973). With the notable exception of the book by Elefantis, A., I Epangelia tis Adynatis Epanastasis: KKE kai Astismos ston Mesopolomo (Athens, 1976), there has been no other scholarly study on the history of the KKE during the inter-war period. 2. For the text of the decision of the National Council see KKE Episima Kei1:nena, 1918-1924, op.cit., p. 31. 3. For the text of the decisions of the Second Congress see KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924, op.cit., pp. 61-2,68. 4. For the text of the resolution of the Third Extraordinary Congress see KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924, op.cit., p. -499. 5. KKE Episima Keimena, 1918-1924, op.cit., pp. 523-4, 534-42. See also Loulis, J. C., The Greek Communist Party, 1940-1944 (London, 1982) p.1. 6. KKE Episima Keimena, 1925-1928, vol. II (Athens, 1974) pp. 99, 101-2,105. 7. The results of the votes received by SEKE(K)/KKE in the elections held during the period 1923-9 were the following: 1923: 2.25 per cent; 1926: 3.6 per cent; 1928: 1.41 per cent; 1929: 1.70 per cent.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Reasons for Imperialism
    Beginnings of the Cold War Truman Doctrine * US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism: Capitalism vs. Socialism The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA Cold War: a time after WW2 when the USA and the Soviet Union “would support free peoples who are resisting” communism. were rivals for world influence. This led to containment – stopping the spread of communism through military and non-military ways Characteristics 1. Political, strategic and ideological struggle between the Domino Theory US and the USSR that spread throughout the world Communism spreads like a disease…… The domino 2. Struggle that contained everything short of war theory was used by successive United States 3. Competing social and economic ideologies administrations during the Cold War to justify the need Two sides of Cold War for American intervention around the world (50-80 • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization Eisenhower) – USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany Marshall Plan – CAPITALISM USA’s plan to send food, blankets, fuel to Europe to help them. AND to keep them from turning communist. – Democracy-Free elections-freedoms **helped countries economically so they won’t go red. • Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and Iran Crisis of 1946: all countries controlled by the USSR. USSR refused to withdraw from oil rich Iran after WWII - – COMMUNISM US encouraged them to leave and promised them oil • Government owns most businesses drilling rights but later backed Iran in refusing them. USSR suspicious of USA ,land, stores Greece and Turkey • Limited freedom of speech/religion • 1947: First areas where the policy of containment was used IRON CURTAIN: A term used by Winston Churchill to to stop communist expansion describe the separating of those communist lands of Cuban Missile Crisis: Concerns closer to USA Eastern Europe from the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue April 2021
    Catalogue April 2021 https://pahor.de/ Antiquariat Daša Pahor GbR Alexander Johnson, Ph.D. & Daša Pahor, Ph.D. Jakob-Klar-Str. 12 Germany - 80796 München +49 89 27 37 23 52 www.pahor.de [email protected] Answers to the Most Common Questions - We offer worldwide free shipping. - We cover the customs fees, provide all the paperwork and deal with the customs. We send outside the EU daily and we are used to taking over the control of exporting and importing. - For all the manuscripts, ordered from outside the EU, please give us approximately 10 days to deal with the additional paperwork. - We offer a 20% institutional discount. - We offer original researches and high resolution scans of our maps and prints, which we are happy to forward to the buyers and researchers on request. - For any questions, please e-mail us at: [email protected]. Stay safe, Daša & Alex TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: We continue working from our offices in an uninterrupted fashion and are available for all questions and orders per e-mail and telephone. We ship orders daily per Fedex free of charge, as usually. Most deliveries have proceeded normally, however there are sometimes delays of a few days to some parcels. SPECIAL NOTE FOR THE INSTITUTIONS AND CLIENTS, WHO CAN NOT RECEIVE PARCELS AT THE MOMENT: We would be happy to take your orders even if you can not receive mail or process the invoices at the moment. We will reserve the items for you and forward the parcels with the invoices once your institution reopens.
    [Show full text]
  • From Skeptical Disinterest to Ideological Crusade: the Road to American Participation in the Greek Civil War, 1943-1949
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2013 From Skeptical Disinterest To Ideological Crusade: The Road To American Participation In The Greek Civil War, 1943-1949 Stephen Villiotis University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Villiotis, Stephen, "From Skeptical Disinterest To Ideological Crusade: The Road To American Participation In The Greek Civil War, 1943-1949" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2793. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2793 FROM SKEPTICAL DISINTEREST TO IDEOLOGICAL CRUSADE: THE ROAD TO AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE GREEK CIVIL WAR, 1943-1949 by STEPHEN VILLIOTIS B.A. University of Central Florida, 2004 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2013 © 2013 Stephen Villiotis ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the way in which the United States formulated its policy toward Greece during the Greek civil war (1943-1949). It asserts that U.S. intervention in Greece was based on circumstantial evidence and the assumption of Soviet global intentions, rather than on dispatches from the field which consistently reported from 1943-1946 that the Soviets were not involved in that country’s affairs.
    [Show full text]