Beginnings of the Cold War Truman Doctrine * US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism: Capitalism vs. Socialism  The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA Cold War: a time after WW2 when the USA and the Soviet Union “would support free peoples who are resisting” communism. were rivals for world influence.  This led to containment – stopping the spread of  Characteristics communism through military and non-military ways 1. Political, strategic and ideological struggle between the Domino Theory US and the USSR that spread throughout the world  Communism spreads like a disease…… The domino 2. Struggle that contained everything short of war theory was used by successive United States 3. Competing social and economic ideologies administrations during the Cold War to justify the need Two sides of Cold War for American intervention around the world (50-80 • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization Eisenhower) – USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany Marshall Plan – CAPITALISM  USA’s plan to send food, blankets, fuel to Europe to help them. AND to keep them from turning communist. – Democracy-Free elections-freedoms **helped countries economically so they won’t go red. • Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and Iran Crisis of 1946: all countries controlled by the USSR.  USSR refused to withdraw from oil rich Iran after WWII - – COMMUNISM US encouraged them to leave and promised them oil • Government owns most businesses drilling rights but later backed Iran in refusing them. USSR suspicious of USA ,land, stores Greece and Turkey • Limited freedom of speech/religion • 1947: First areas where the policy of containment was used IRON CURTAIN: A term used by Winston Churchill to to stop communist expansion describe the separating of those communist lands of Cuban Missile Crisis: Concerns closer to USA Eastern Europe from the West. Vietnam War Korean War *Berlin is The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 Space Race Germany’s capital city  The USA and the Soviet Union raced as the world 1948: West Germany grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan watched to be the first to conquer space. (West wanted East to rejoin; Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security)  Soviets first in space satellite and man June 1948: Stalin wanted control of West Berlin (in E.Germany) Arms Race BLOCKADE: Cuts road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping  USSR A-Bomb 1949 to starve it into submission West responded by airlifting supplies to  USA H bomb 1952 allow West Berlin to survive May 1949: USSR admitted defeat, lifted blockade Berlin blockade led to Berlin Airlift Berlin Wall (torn down 1989) • August 18, 1961, the Russian communist government began to build a wall separating East Berlin from West Berlin • The Soviets built the wall to keep communists from escaping to the American sector.