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Zum Download 100 Jahre Schweizerische Neurologische Gesellschaft 100 ans Société Suisse de Neurologie 100 anni Società Svizzera di Neurologia 1908–2008 Schwabe 100 Jahre Schweizerische Neurologische Gesellschaft 100 ans Société Suisse de Neurologie 100 anni Società Svizzera di Neurologia Herausgegeben von Claudio Bassetti und Marco Mumenthaler Schwabe Verlag Basel Sonderdruck aus Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie Vol. 159 n Nr. 4 n April 2008 anlässlich des 100-Jahr-Jubiläums der Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft © 2008 by Schwabe AG, Verlag, Basel Lektorat: Christina Scherer Gesamtherstellung: Schwabe AG, Druckerei, Muttenz/Basel Printed in Switzerland ISBN 978-3-7965-2452-3 www.schwabe.ch Inhalt Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie Sommaire Archives suisses de neurologie et de psychiatrie Content Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Editorial Editorial 142 n C. L. Bassetti, M. Mumenthaler SNG-Jubiläum Geschichte der Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft im Kontext der nationalen 143 Jubilé SSN und internationalen Entwicklung der Neurologie SSN Jubilee n C. L. Bassetti, P. O. Valko History of neurological contributions in the Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 157 n P. Valko, M. Mumenthaler, C. L. Bassetti 100 Jahre Neurologie Basel 171 n A. J. Steck, N. Loeliger, H.-R. Stöckli Geschichte der Neurologie in Bern 176 n C. W. Hess Historique du Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève 183 n T. Landis, P. R. Burkhard Parcours du service universitaire de neurologie de Lausanne entre 1954 et 2007 186 n F. Regli, P.-A. Despland Geschichte der Neurologischen Klinik und Poliklinik Zürich 191 n K. Hess Die neurologische Klinik des Kantonsspitals Aarau 198 n U. W. Buettner Storia del Servizio Cantonale Ticinese di Neurologia a Lugano 200 n C. Tosi Die Geschichte der Klinik für Neurologie am Kantonsspital St. Gallen 205 n B. Weder, B. Tettenborn Entwicklung der Elektroenzephalographie und Epileptologie in der Schweiz 209 n K. Karbowski Zur Geschichte der Elektromyographie und der Elektroneurographie in der Schweiz 215 n H.-P. Ludin Ultraschall und Doppler 220 n H. M. Keller Zur Entwicklung der Neuroradiologie in der Schweiz und zur Geschichte 230 der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Neuroradiologie n A. Valavanis Die Schweizer Neurochirurgie: ein Rückblick 235 n A. Benini Swiss neurological eponyms 238 n C. L. Bassetti Constantin von Monakow: ein Begründer der Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft 247 n E. C. Jagella, H. E. Krestel Robert Bing (8.5.1878–15.3.1956) 252 n M. Mumenthaler, C. Müller Walter R. Hess (17.3.1881–12.8.1973) 255 n C. W. Hess Hugo Krayenbühl (3.12.1902–9.1.1985) 262 n M. Mumenthaler Die Neurologie in der Ausbildung des Schweizer Arztes 265 n M. Mumenthaler Editorial or 100 Jahren ist die Schweizerische Neuro- Die Neurologie hat in den vergangenen Jahr- logische Gesellschaft (SNG) am 15. Novem- zehnten eine enorme Entwicklung erfahren. Die Vber 1908 in Olten gegründet worden. An- Erkenntnisse über die Grundlagen des Faches lässlich dieses Jubiläums hat der Vorstand der haben durch die Fortschritte der Biochemie, der SNG die Unterzeichnenden beauftragt, einige für Neurophysiologie, der Molekularbiologie und der die schweizerische Neurologie wichtige Aspekte Genetik eine starke Ausweitung erfahren. Die Fort- zusammenzutragen. Im vorliegenden Heft des schritte der bildgebenden Verfahren haben die Schweizer Archivs für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, diagnostischen Möglichkeiten sehr stark erweitert. der offiziellen, 1917 gegründeten Zeitschrift der Fortschritte der Pharmakologie sowie der mikro- SNG, wurde dies nun versucht. Es sind darin auf- chirurgisch tätigen Neurochirurgie und peripheren geführt die Gründung und Entwicklung der SNG, Nervenchirurgie haben die therapeutischen Mög- die Geschichte des Schweizer Archivs für Neuro- lichkeiten wesentlich verbessert. logie und Psychiatrie, die Entwicklung der Neuro- logie an den fünf Universitäten und den drei nicht- Um so wichtiger ist es, sich der Wurzeln unseres universitären neurologischen Zentren der Schweiz, Faches zu erinnern. Das 100-Jahr-Jubiläum der das Wirken einiger Leitfiguren der Neurologie in Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft ist unserem Lande (mit der Vorstellung von einigen hierzu eine gute Gelegenheit, und entsprechende Schweizer Eponymen),die Einführung der wichtig- Beiträge sind in diesem Heft zusammengefasst. sten neurologischen Zusatzuntersuchungen und Möge es die Verbundenheit der gegenwärtigen Fachbereiche in der Schweiz sowie die Entwicklung Vertreter der Neurologie mit ihrer Vergangenheit der Neurologie als Lehrfach der Schweizer Ärzte. stärken. Zeitgleich mit diesem Heft erscheint in einem Sup- plementum des Schweizer Archivs für Neurologie Claudio Bassetti und Marco Mumenthaler, und Psychiatrie eine Arbeit von Nadine Loeliger Zürich und Marco Mumenthaler über die Geschichte der SNG von 1950 bis 2003. 142 SCHWEIZER ARCHIV FÜR NEUROLOGIE UND PSYCHIATRIE www.sanp.ch 159 n 4/2008 SNG-Jubiläum Geschichte der Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft im Kontext der nationalen und internationalen Entwicklung der Neurologie n C. L. Bassetti, P. O. Valko Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Zürich Neurowissenschaften und Neurologie beigetragen hat und auch wegen seiner etholo- in der Schweiz vor 1908 gischen Ameisenforschung weltberühmt wurde [3, 4]) in Zürich. Die Schweiz hatte schon lange vor der Gründung Neurophysiologische und experimentelle Arbei- der Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft ten wurden schon vom Universalgenie Albrecht (SNG) im Jahr 1908 wesentliche Beiträge zu den von Haller (aus Bern, 1708–1777) in Bern, Daniel klinischen und experimentellen Neurowissen- Bernoulli (aus Groningen,1700–1782) in Basel und schaften geleistet [1, 2]. Charles-Gaspar de la Rive (1770–1834) in Genf Erwähnenswert sind die neuroanatomischen durchgeführt. Von Haller gilt als Wegbereiter der Arbeiten von Johann Jakob Huber (1629–1675), Bioelektrizitätslehre und führte die Begriffe Reiz, Johann Heinrich Glaser (1629–1675), Wilhelm His Reizbarkeit, Sensibilität und Kontraktilität ein. (aus Basel, 1831–1904, Erstbeschreiber von Ner- Wesentliche Beiträge kamen im 19. Jahrhundert venzelle und Nervenfaser als eigenständige Ein- durch den Psychiater Eduard Hitzig (aus Berlin, heit) und Emil Villiger (1870–1931) in Basel; 1838–1907, der mit Gustav Theodor Fritsch (1838– Gabriel Gustav Valentin (aus Breslau, 1810–1883), 1927) 1870 bei einem Hund erstmalig die Erreg- Schüler von Purkinje und erster jüdischer Pro- barkeit der Grosshirnrinde bewiesen und in diesem fessor an einer deutschsprachigen Universität, be- Rahmen den motorischen Kortex entdeckt hat) in schrieb bereits 1836 den Zellkörper von Nerven- Zürich,von Jean-Louis Prévost II.(1838–1927) und zellen) und Ernst Grünthal (1894–1972) in Bern; Moritz Schiff (aus Frankfurt, 1823–1896, Schüler Jean Louis Prévost I. (1790–1850, der über Ner- von Johannes Müller, sein Habilitationsantrag in venregeneration gearbeitet hat) in Genf; Friedrich Göttingen wurde 1855 aus politischen Gründen Arnold (1803–1890), Friedrich Goll (aus Zürich, abgelehnt, statt dessen folgte er im selben Jahr 1829–1903, als Schüler von Claude Bernard und einem Ruf an die Universität Bern) in Genf, und Brown-Séquard der Erstbeschreiber des Fasciculus vom Russen Alexander Herzen (1838–1906) in gracilis), Albert Kölliker (aus Zürich, 1817–1905, Lausanne [2]. der den Begriff Axon einführte und später in Würz- In der klinischen Neurologie gilt das Buch burg der führende Anatom Deutschlands wurde) zur Apoplexie (1658) des Schaffhauser Stadtarztes und die Psychiater Bernhard von Gudden (aus und Anatomen Johann Jakob Wepfer (1620–1695, Kleve, 1824–1886, der das Mikrotom erfand und Abb. 1) als Meilenstein in der modernen zerebro- wichtige Arbeiten über Faserverbindungen im vaskulären Forschung. Wepfer hat als erster den Zentralnervensystem publizierte und Begutachter Schlaganfall als Folge einer Hirngefässerkrankung von Ludwig II. von Bayern war, was zur Absetzung gedeutet und mit seinen anatomischen (Gefäss- des Königs führte und ihm möglicherweise das anatomie), methodologischen (Organsektion, Ge- Leben gekostet hat), Gustav Huguenin (1840– fässinjektion mit Farbstoffen, Tierexperimenten, 1920) und Auguste Forel (aus Neuenburg, 1848– Vergleich von klinischen und autoptischen Befun- 1931,der [mit von Gudden] die erste systematische den) und klinischen Arbeiten (ersten Hinweisen Schnittserie durch das ganze Gehirn angefertigt, auf die gekreuzte Relation zwischen Läsion und wesentlich zur Entwicklung der Neurontheorie Lähmung) entscheidende Beiträge geleistet [5, 6]. André David Tissot (aus Grancy/Waadt, 1728– Korrespondenz: 1797) als Medizinprofessor in Lausanne schrieb Prof. Dr. med. Claudio L. Bassetti ein umfassendes neurologisches Handbuch in drei Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik Bänden («Traité des nerfs et de leur maladie», Universitätsspital Zürich 1778–1780) sowie ein «Traité de l’Epilepsie» Frauenklinikstrasse 26 CH-8091 Zürich (1770), in dem noch heute gültige Beobachtungen e-mail: [email protected] zur Klinik von Anfallsleiden zu finden sind [7]. 143 SCHWEIZER ARCHIV FÜR NEUROLOGIE UND PSYCHIATRIE www.asnp.ch 159 n 4/2008 Abbildung 1 Johann Jakob Wepfers Buch «Apoplexie» erschienen 1658. Hitzig (s.o.); in Basel der Internist Fritz Egger (1863–1938) und der Psychiater Gottlieb Burck- hardt (aus Basel, 1836–1907), der sich bereits 1863 in Basel als erster für Neurologie (speziell Nervenkrankheiten, innere Medizin und Syphilis) habilitiert hatte und
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