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Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones Managing Agriculture–Fishery–Aquaculture Conflicts This page intentionally left blank Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones Managing Agriculture–Fishery–Aquaculture Conflicts Edited by Chu Thai Hoanh International Water Management Institute (IWMI ), Regional Office for South-east Asia, Penang, Malaysia To Phuc Tuong International Rice Research Institute (IRRI ), Metro Manila, Philippines John W. Gowing University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom and Bill Hardy International Rice Research Institute (IRRI ), Metro Manila, Philippines In association with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxon OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Environment and livelihoods in tropical coastal zones : managing agriculture-fishery-aquaculture conflicts / edited by Chu Thai Hoanh … [et al.]. p.cm. -- (Comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture series ; 2) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-84593-107-0 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-84593-107-6 (alk. paper) 1. Aquaculture--Tropics--Congresses. 2. Agriculture--Tropics--Congresses. 3. Fisheries--Tropics--Congresses. 4. Coastal zone management--Tropics-- Environmental aspects--Congresses. I. Chu, Thai Hoanh, 1949- II. Title. III. Series. SH134.6.E58 2006 639.80913--dc22 2005033368 Typeset in 9/11 pt Palatino by Columns Design Ltd, Reading Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles, Norfolk Contents Contributors vii Preface xi Series Foreword: Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in xiii Agriculture 1. Land and Water Management in Coastal Zones: Dealing with Agriculture– 1 Aquaculture–Fishery Conflicts J.W. Gowing, T.P. Tuong and C.T. Hoanh 2. Adapting to Aquaculture in Vietnam: Securing Livelihoods in a Context of 17 Change in Two Coastal Communities C. Luttrell 3. Livelihood Systems and Dynamics of Poverty in a Coastal Province of Vietnam 30 M. Hossain, T.T. Ut and M.L. Bose 4. Social and Environmental Impact of Rapid Change in the Coastal Zone of 48 Vietnam: an Assessment of Sustainability Issues J.W. Gowing, T.P. Tuong, C.T. Hoanh and N.T. Khiem 5. Brackish-water Shrimp Cultivation Threatens Permanent Damage to Coastal 61 Agriculture in Bangladesh Md. Rezaul Karim 6. Coastal Water Resource Use for Higher Productivity: Participatory Research 72 for Increasing Cropping Intensity in Bangladesh M.K. Mondal, T.P. Tuong, S.P. Ritu, M.H.K. Choudhury, A.M. Chasi, P.K. Majumder, M.M. Islam and S.K. Adhikary 7. Coastal Shrimp Farming in Thailand: Searching for Sustainability 86 B. Szuster 8. Tracing the Outputs from Drained Acid Sulphate Flood Plains to Minimize 99 Threats to Coastal Lakes B.C.T. Macdonald, I. White, L. Heath, J. Smith, A.F. Keene, M. Tunks and A. Kinsela v vi Contents 9. From Conflict to Industry – Regulated Best Practice Guidelines: a Case Study of 107 Estuarine Flood Plain Management of the Tweed River, Eastern Australia I. White, M. Melville, B.C.T. Macdonald, R. Quirk, R. Hawken, M. Tunks, D. Buckley, R. Beattie, L. Heath and J. Williams 10. Mangrove Dependency and the Livelihoods of Coastal Communities 126 in Thailand E.B. Barbier 11. Mangroves, People and Cockles: Impacts of the Shrimp-farming Industry on 140 Mangrove Communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador P. Ocampo-Thomason 12. Interrelations among Mangroves, the Local Economy and Social 154 Sustainability: a Review from a Case Study in North Brazil U. Saint-Paul 13. Mangrove: Changes and Conflicts in Claimed Ownership, Uses and Purposes 163 M.-C. Cormier-Salem 14. Comparing Land-use Planning Approaches in the Coastal Mekong Delta 177 of Vietnam N.H. Trung, L.Q. Tri, M.E.F. van Mensvoort and A.K. Bregt 15. Applying the Resource Management Domain (RMD) Concept to Land and 193 Water Use and Management in the Coastal Zone: Case Study of Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam S.P. Kam, N.V. Nhan, T.P. Tuong, C.T. Hoanh, V.T. Be Nam and A. Maunahan 16. Developing a Consultative Bayesian Model for Integrated Management of 206 Aquatic Resources: an Inland Coastal Zone Case Study E. Baran, T. Jantunen and P. Chheng 17. Aquatic Food Production in the Coastal Zone: Data-based Perceptions on the 219 Trade-off Between Mariculture and Fisheries Production of the Mahakam Delta and Estuary, East Kalimantan, Indonesia P.A.M. van Zwieten, A.S. Sidik, Noryadi, I. Suyatna and Abdunnur 18. Managing Diverse Land Uses in Coastal Bangladesh: Institutional Approaches 237 M. Rafiqul Islam 19. Widening Coastal Managers’ Perceptions of Stakeholders through 249 Capacity Building M. Le Tissier and J.M. Hills 20. Can Integrated Coastal Management Solve Agriculture–Fisheries– 258 Aquaculture Conflicts at the Land–Water Interface? A Perspective from New Institutional Economics C. Brugere 21. Responding to Coastal Poverty: Should We be Doing Things Differently or 274 Doing Different Things? J. Campbell, E. Whittingham and P. Townsley 22. Achieving Food and Environmental Security: Better River Basin Management 293 for Healthy Coastal Zones S. Atapattu and D. Molden Index 303 Contributors Abdunnur, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. S.K. Adhikary, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. S. Atapattu, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PO Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka. E. Baran, WorldFish Center, PO Box 582, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. E.B. Barbier, Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, Department 3985, 123 Ross Hall, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071-3985, USA. R. Beattie, New South Wales Sugar Milling Co-operative Limited, 117 Pacific Highway, Broadwater, NSW 2472, Australia. V.T. Be Nam, Integrated Resources Mapping Center (IRMC), Sub-National Institute for Agricultural Planning and Projection, 20 Vo Thi Sau Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. M.L. Bose, WorldFish Center (WFC), PO Box 500 GPO, 10670 Penang, Malaysia (formerly with the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines). A.K. Bregt, Center for Geo-Information, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. C. Brugere, Fishery Policy and Planning Division, Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. D. Buckley, Tweed Shire Council, PO Box 816, Murwillumbah, NSW 2482, Australia. J. Campbell, IMM Ltd., Innovation Centre, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RN, United Kingdom. A.M. Chasi, HEED-Bangladesh (Health, Education and Economic Development), Dhaka, Bangladesh. P. Chheng, Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute, PO Box 852, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. M.H.K. Choudhury, Proshika Manobik Unnyan Kendra, Dhaka, Bangladesh. M.-C. Cormier-Salem, UR169-IRD/MNHN, Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés (HNS), CP26, 57 rue Cuvier 75231, Paris cedex 05, France. J.W. Gowing, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] R. Hawken, New South Wales Canegrowers, Condong Sugar Mill, Condong, NSW, Australia. L. Heath, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. vii viii Contributors J.M. Hills, Envision Partners LLP, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom. C.T. Hoanh, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Regional Office for South-east Asia, PO Box 500, GPO, 10670, Penang, Malaysia. M. Hossain, Social Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines. M.M. Islam, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. M. Rafiqul Islam, Program Development Office for Integrated Coastal Zone Management, House 4/A, Road 22, Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh. T. Jantunen, Environmental Consultant, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. S.P. Kam, WorldFish Center (WFC), PO Box 500 GPO, 10670 Penang, Malaysia (formerly with the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines). Md. Rezaul Karim, Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. A.F. Keene, School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. N.T. Khiem, Faculty of Agricultural Economics, An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam. A. Kinsela, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. M. Le Tissier, Envision Partners LLP, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom. C. Luttrell, Overseas Development Institute, 111 Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] B.C.T. Macdonald, Centre for Resource and Environmental
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