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Sex Pheromone of Argyrotaenia Pomililiana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Leafroller Pest of Apples in Argentina

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Sex Pheromone of Argyrotaenia Pomililiana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Leafroller Pest of Apples in Argentina HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Sex Pheromone of Argyrotaenia pomililiana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Leafroller Pest of Apples in Argentina L. I. CICHO´ N,1 P. TREMATERRA,2 M.D.A. CORACINI,3 D. FERNANDEZ,1 M. BENGTSSON,4 4 AND P. WITZGALL J. Econ. Entomol. 97(3): 946Ð949 (2004) ABSTRACT Sex pheromone gland extracts of Argyrotaenia pomililiana Trematerra & Brown females contained seven 14-chain compounds, the Z and E isomers of 11-tetradecenyl acetate, 11-tetradecen- 1-ol, and 11-tetradecenal, respectively, together with tetradecyl acetate. In Þeld trapping tests, a 100:5 blend of Z11Ð14:Ac and Z11Ð14:Al was shown to be suitable for detection and monitoring of A. pomililiana. This species-speciÞc lure will facilitate the use of mating disruption against codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in Argentine fruit orchards. KEY WORDS sex pheromone, Þeld trapping, monitoring lure, apple orchards THE RIO NEGRO VALLEY is the major fruit-growing area omone gland and Þeld-trapping tests with synthetic in Argentina, where apples and pears are grown on pheromone compounds. Ϸ50,000 ha. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption is being attempted for control of the economically Materials and Methods most important insect, codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Cicho´n et al. 2001). Mating disruption is a prom- Pheromone Gland Extraction. Insects were mass ising biological control method against codling moth reared on a semisynthetic agar-based diet at 22Ð25ЊC, and is increasingly used in Australia, North America, under a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Pupae were and Europe (Waldner 1997, Judd et al. 1997, Gut and separated by sex according to the number of abdom- Brunner 1998, Thomson et al. 2001, Brunner et al. inal segments. Adult insects were kept in 33 by 33 by 2002). 33-cm glass cages. Pheromone glands were dissected However, pheromone-based methods are species- from the abdominal tips of 2- to 3-d-old calling virgin speciÞc and outbreaks of leafroller species (Lepidop- females during the Þrst3hofthescotophase and were tera, Tortricidae) can occur in orchards where insec- extracted in batches of 30Ð50 (n ϭ 5) in 7 ␮lof ticide use has been reduced or eliminated (Charmillot redistilled heptane (Labscan, Malmo¨, Sweden). Two- 1990; Brunner 1991, 1994; Pfeiffer et al. 1993; Gut and day-old males were used for electrophysiological re- Brunner 1998; Walker and Welter 2001). cordings. The leafroller Argyrotaenia pomililiana Trematerra Chemical Analysis. Compounds in gland extracts & Brown, which has previously been incorrectly iden- were identiÞed using a Hewlett-Packard 5970B tiÞed as Archips rosana L., or as Argyrotaenia loxon- (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA) mass spectrometer ephes (Meyrick), is the most important secondary in- (MS) with electron impact ionization (70 eV), inter- sect pest in Argentine fruit orchards (Cicho´n and faced with a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph Fernandez 2001, Trematerra and Brown 2004). A re- (GC), equipped with a polar DB-WAX column (30 m liable and species-speciÞc lure is required to monitor by 0.25 mm, J & W ScientiÞc, Folsom, CA). Retention the seasonal ßight period and population levels of this times of the identiÞed gland compounds were com- species to decide upon and time treatments in or- pared with synthetic compounds on a Hewlett-Pack- chards under mating disruption for codling moth. ard 5890 GC, with ßame ionization detection, on a Knowledge of its sex pheromone may also lead to DB-WAX column and on a nonpolar SE-54 column (25 development of a formulation for mating disruption. m by 0.32mm, Kupper & Co., Bonaduz, Switzerland). We here report on the chemical analysis of phero- The columns were programmed from 80ЊC (2-min monal compounds produced in the female sex pher- hold) at 10ЊC/min to 220ЊC (10-min hold). Freshly prepared extracts from Þve female glands 1 INTA EEA Alto Valle, 8332General Roca, Rõ´o Negro, Argentina. were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography and 2 Department Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) (n ϭ 3), of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. on a Hewlett-Packard 6890 GC with a 30-m, 0.25-mm 3 Department Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, 81530-990 Curitiba-PR, Brazil. i.d. HP-INNOWAX capillary column, interfaced with 4 Chemical Ecology Group, Swedish University of Agricultural Sci- an electroantennogram apparatus (Syntech, Hilver- ences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden. sum, The Netherlands). A split column allows simul- 0022-0493/04/0946Ð0949$04.00/0 ᭧ 2004 Entomological Society of America.
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