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Primeiro Registro De Argyrotaenia Sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Na Cultura Da Soja No Estado Do Mato Grosso

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Primeiro Registro De Argyrotaenia Sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Na Cultura Da Soja No Estado Do Mato Grosso Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 60 ISSN: 2595-573X Primeiro registro de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (lepidoptera: tortricidae) na cultura da soja no Estado do Mato Grosso First record of Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in soybean culture in the State of Mato Grosso DOI: 10.34188/bjaerv4n1-007 Recebimento dos originais: 20/11/2020 Aceitação para publicação: 20/12/2020 Fernando Willian Neves Mestre Profissional em Defesa Sanitária Vegetal pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa Instituição: Grupo Webler Endereço: Rodovia BR 354 – Km 1100 – Zona Rural – Sapezal – MT, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Rosemeire Alves da Silva Doutora em Fitopatologia pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa Instituição: Instituto Federal do Mato Grosso – IFMT/ Campus Sapezal Endereço: Rua do Cascudo, 1049 – Centro – Sapezal – MT, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] RESUMO O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor e exportador de soja no mundo, correspondendo a uma produção anual de 124,8 milhões de toneladas. Devido ao seu sistema de produção ser grande parte em região tropical favorece o desenvolvimento de pragas de potencial impacto econômico, e difícil controle. Neste trabalho, é relatada a primeira ocorrência de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), um inseto polífago, com hábito crepuscular e noturno, nativo da América do Sul, e comumente encontrada causando danos em frutíferas. Espécimes foram observadas no campo nas fases vegetativas e reprodutivas da cultura da soja no Mato Grosso, Brasil, em lavoura comercial na safra 2017/18 e 2018/19, causando desfolha e enrolamento dos folíolos jovens. As larvas foram coletadas e mantidas em laboratório sendo alimentados com folhas de soja para a identificação da espécie. Palavras-chave: polífago, hospedeiros, dispersão, Glycine max. ABSTRACT Brazil is currently the largest producer and exporter of soybeans in the world, corresponding to an annual production of 124.8 million tons. Due to its production system being largely in the tropical region, it favors the development of pests with potential economic impact and difficult control. In this work, the first occurrence of Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is reported, a polyphagous insect, with a twilight and nocturnal habit, native to South America, and commonly found causing damage to fruit. Specimens were observed in the field in the vegetative and reproductive phases of soybean cultivation in Mato Grosso, Brazil, in commercial crops in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons, causing defoliation and the rolling of young leaflets. The larvae were collected and kept in the laboratory and fed with soybean leaves to identify the species. Keywords: polyphage, hosts, dispersion, Glycine max. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.1, p. 60-66 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 61 ISSN: 2595-573X 1 INTRODUÇÃO A soja é a principal cultura cultivada no Brasil e, pela sua rentabilidade, tem ocupado lugar de outras culturas de importância econômica. O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador mundial de soja, cuja produção foi estimada em 124,8 milhões de toneladas, ganho de 4,3% em relação à safra 2018/19 (CONAB, 2020). Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) é um inseto polífago, com hábito crepuscular e noturno, nativo da América do Sul (BIEZANKO et al., 1957; BIEZANKO et al., 1961; RUFFINELLI & CARBONELL, 1953). É encontrada com frequência danificando frutas como mírtilo (Vaccinium corymbosum), pêssego (Prunus pérsica), caqui (Diospyros kaki), Pyrus, laranja (Citrus sinensis), milho (Zea mays), Acacia, Medicago sativa, Chrysanthemum, Pelargonium, macieira-brava (Malus sylvestris), maçã (Malus domestica), uva (Vitis vinífera), Rosa, hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita), pimenta (Capsicum annuum), tomate (S. lycopersicum), batata (S. tuberosum) (TREMATERRA & BROWN, 2004; MENEGUIM & HOHMANN, 2007; ROCCA & BROWN, 2013). Na cultura da videira, a lagarta de A. sphaleropa aloja-se no interior das bagas ainda verdes, danificando a casca do engaço, causando o murchamento e consequente queda das uvas (BENTANCOURT & SCATONI, 1986), já em pera, as lagartas raspam a epiderme dos frutos, geralmente na região de inserção do pedúnculo ou em locais de contato entre folhas e frutos (BOTTON et al., 2003). Neste trabalho, é relatada a primeira ocorrência de A. spharelopa no Estado do Mato Grosso na cultura da soja. 2 MATERIAL E METÓDOS Durante a safra agrícola 2017/18 e 2018/19, no município de Sapezal, Mato Grosso, Brasil (-58.7645 12° 59′ 22″ S, 58° 45′ 52″ O, 387 m), com clima tropical com estação seca (Classificação climática de Köppen-Geiger: Aw) foram observadas lagartas enroladas nas folhas de soja no terço superior. Espécimes dos insetos foram coletados nos meses de dezembro a fevereiro de 2017 e 2018. Os espécimes foram mantidos em gaiolas em laboratório sob condições controladas de temperatura (27 ± 2 °C), umidade relativa (60 ± 20%) e fotoperíodo (14h), alimentados com folhas de soja para acompanhamento do ciclo biológico. Foram utilizados paquímetro e régua para medir as larvas, pupas e mariposas. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.1, p. 60-66 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 62 ISSN: 2595-573X 3 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO Os adultos de A. spharelopa apresentam 15 mm de envergadura e 8 mm de comprimento, sendo as fêmeas maiores que os machos, permanece nesta fase durante 14 dias, semelhante ao resultado obtido por BAVARESCO et al. (2005). Possui cabeça com antenas filiformes e tórax com tufo de cor castanho, abdome marrom acinzentado, a parte caudal um pouco mais clara, com pelos evidentes (figura 1). Patas de coloração marrom ou prata marrom. Asas anteriores de cor variável. Elas oscilam entre o castanho claro e o castanho escuro. Asas traseiras cinza claro, um pouco transparente. Figura 1 - Insetos adultos de A. spharelopa (a, b) e detalhe do tufo sob o dorso após a cabeça (c). Fonte: Rosemeire Alves da Silva Os ovos são ovipositados em massas, média de 31 ovos/postura, cada fêmea oviposita entre 240 a 260 ovos de coloração amarelada durante o ciclo de vida, vindo a emergir lagartas de coloração verde-clara, após, em média 7 dias depois da postura. As lagartas possuem comprimento de até 14 mm no quinto instar e permanecem na fase larval por 14 dias, aproximando-se ao resultado obtido por BENTANCOURT & SCATONI (1986) e posteriormente empupam sob as próprias folhas que lhe servirão de abrigo e alimento (figura 2). Figura 2 - Massa de ovos de A. spharelopa (a) Fase larval (b e c), pupas de A. spharelopa em folhas de soja condição de campo (d) condição de laboratório (e). Fonte: Rosemeire Alves da Silva Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.1, p. 60-66 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 63 ISSN: 2595-573X As pupas possuem coloração castanho-clara, no qual em cada segmento do abdome possuem 2 fileiras de microespinhos dorsais e ficam protegidas sob a teia durante 5 dias até a emergência do inseto adulto (figura 3). A identificação da espécie se baseia nas características dadas por BETANCOURT & SCATONI (2002; 1995). Figura 3 - Fileira dupla de microespinhos sob o dorso no abdome (a), vista dorsal da pupa (b). Fonte: Rosemeire Alves da Silva Apesar das lagartas de A. sphaleropa desenvolverem-se em diferentes estruturas vegetais dos hospedeiros (BIEZANKO et al., 1957; BIEZANKO, 1961), em frutíferas temperadas os principais danos decorrem da sua alimentação nos frutos, resultando em cicatrizes na epiderme que os depreciam para o comércio como fruta fresca (BENTANCOURT & SCATONI, 1995; MANFREDI-COIMBRA et al., 2001). Os possíveis danos em potencial na cultura da soja começam pelas folhas jovens, no qual o estádio larval produz uma teia para se abrigar, causando assim o enrolamento do limbo foliar onde se alimenta levando ao apodrecimento do ponteiro e redução da área fotossintética ativa (figura 4). Figura 4 – Folíolo necrosado (a), folha com limbo deformado após detecção da lagarta (b), folha com lagarta ativa se alimentando (c), folíolos enrolados com lagartas abrigadas (d – e). Fonte: Rosemeire Alves da Silva Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.1, p. 60-66 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 64 ISSN: 2595-573X Os primeiros registros de ocorrência de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa no Brasil foram feitos por BIEZANKO (1961) em uva. A ampla adaptação do inseto a temperaturas mais amenas a clima quente e úmido faz com que a praga se estabeleça em outras regiões podendo se estabelecer em grandes culturas como a soja, como foi relatado por BENÍTES DÍAZ (2015). A importância do relato em sua primeira ocorrência deixa em alerta as autoridades da defesa fitossanitária para melhor entender a dispersão desta praga em território nacional e mitigar as medidas de controle necessárias. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.1, p. 60-66 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 65 ISSN: 2595-573X REFERÊNCIAS BAVARESCO, A.; GARCIA, M.S.; BOTTON, M.; & MORANDI FILHO, W.J. (2005). Biologia e reprodução de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae) em folhas de caquizeiro, macieira e videira. Arq. Inst. Biol. 72: 365-372. BENÍTES DÍAZ. E.A. (2015). Ocurrencia de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera.
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