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Five New Species of Argyrotaenia (Tortricidae: Archipini) from Mexico and the Southwestern United States

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Five New Species of Argyrotaenia (Tortricidae: Archipini) from Mexico and the Southwestern United States Journal of the Lepidnpterists' Society .53(3), 1999. 114-125 FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ARGYROTAENIA (TORTRICIDAE: ARCHIPINI) FROM MEXICO AND THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES JOHN W. BROWN Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0168, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) AND ASHLEY CRAMER Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Based on an examination of 187 specimens, five new species of Argyrotaenia are recognized from Mexico and the south­ western United States. A hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among the species is derived using Hennig86 to find the most paJ'simo­ nious solution to the distribution of 14 morpholOgical characters (5 characters of the forewing, 7 of the male genitalia, and 2 of the female gen­ italia). Argyrotaenia spinacallis Brown & Cramer, new species, from the State of Veracruz, A. unda Brown & Cramer, new species, from the states of Mexico and Morelos, and A. octavana Brown & Cramer, from the states of Puebla and Veracruz, appear to form a monophyletic group with A. ponera (Walsingham), from Puebla. The last is redescribed and illustrated. Although superficially similar, A. coconinana Brown & Cramer, new species, from Arizona and New Mexico, and A. bialbistriata Brown & Cramer, from Arizona (Cochise Co.) and Durango, Mexico, may not be members of the "ponera group" owing to their considerable divergence in male and female genitalia. Additional key words: phylogeny, ponera group, morphology, genitalia. With the exception of a single widespread Palaearc­ sonian Institution, Washington, DC. SpeCimens were tic species, the tortricid genus Argyrotaenia Stephens sorted by geographiC location and examined for differ­ is restricted to the New World (Razowski 1997), with ences in the male and female genitalia. Genitalia about 64 described species occupying portions of the preparations of representative individuals were made Western Hemisphere from Canada to Argentina. Field follOwing the methodology summarized in Brown and work over the past four decades has revealed a surpris­ Powell (1991). Male genitalia were photographed us­ ingly large number of undescribed species in Central ing a SONY DKC5000 digital camera and enhanced and South America. The purpose of this paper is to de­ using Adobe Photoshop. Illustrations of female geni­ scribe three of them from central Mexico that appear talia were drawn with the aid of a microprojector. Un­ to form a monophyletic group with Argyrotaenia pon­ less indicated otherwise, genitalia illustrations are of a era (Walsingham), and two from the southwestern Single preparation. Forewing measurements were United States and northern Mexico that are superfi­ made with a transparent millimeter ruler under low cially similar to A. ponera. Although the "ponera power of a Leica MZ12 dissecting microscope. group" may be confined to Mexico, it is clearly tem­ Forewing length was measured in a straight line from peratelboreal rather than tropical in origin, restricted the base of the wing to the apical region, including the to the higher elevations of the Mexican states of Mex­ fringe. Forewing width was measured at the widest ico, Morelos, Puebla, and Veracruz. The five new place on the wing perpendicular to the line measuring species described herein underscore the considerable length. Where available, 10 individuals of each sex alpha-level taxonomic work that remains to be done in were measured. Photographs were taken with a Wild the New World south of the United States border. M 400 microscope with camera attachment. Terminol­ ogy for wing venation and genitalic structures follows MATERIALS AND METHODS Horak (1984). Abbreviations are as follows: FW = Material examined. We examined 187 pinned forewing; HW = hindwing; DC = discal cell; ca. = circa specimens of adult moths obtained from or studied (approximately); n = number of individuals or prepara­ at the following institutions: American Museum of tions examined; x = mean; Mtns = Mountains; N, S, E, Natural History (AMNH), New York, New York; The W = compass points. Natural History Museum (BMNH), London, United Phylogeny. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted Kingdom; Canadian National Collection (eNC), Ot­ on the 6 species of Argyrotaenia suspected to com­ tawa, Ontario, Canada; Ray B. Nagle private collection prise the "ponera group" (plus an out-group). The (RNC), Tucson, Arizona; Essig Museum of Entomol­ analysis was based on 14 morphological characters (8 ogy (UCB), University of California, Berkeley; and Na­ binary and 6 multi-state), including 5 characters of the tional Museum of Natural History (USNM), Smith- forewing, 7 of the male genitalia, and 2 of the female VOLUME 53, NUMBER 3 115 TABLE 1. Morphologic characters for cladistic analysis (0 = plesiomorphiC state; 1-3 = apomorphic states). 1. FW L:W ratio 0-2.3-2.7 1 - 2.8-3.0 2. FW length 0- 9.0-10.5 mm 1 - 11.0-13.0 mm. 3. FW pattern elements o -Without white spot at end of DC 1 - With diffuse white spot at end of DC 4. FW pattern elements o -Without pale longitudinal streak I - Pale longitudinal streak weak, extending to ca. end of DC 2 - Pale longitudinal streak well-developed, extending beyond end of DC 5. FW pattern elements o -Without dark longitudinal streak below distal two-thirds of DC 1 - With dark longitudinal streak below distal two-thirds of DC 6. Shape of valva o - Somewhat rounded-triangular I - Subrectangular 7. Base of sacculus 0- Unmodified 1 - With small rounded lobe 2 - With moderate, partially free, rounded lohe 3 - With large, free, rounded lobe 8. Venter of sacculus 0- Smooth 1 - Slightly bumpy/warty 2 - With spinelike teeth 9. Uncus 0- Unmodified, moderately broad 1 - Extremely broad 10. Uncus 0- Unmodified, uniform in width 1 - Slightly tapered distally 11. Aedeagus 0- Smooth I - With 2-4 spinelike teeth at distal end 2 - With 4-6 spinelike near middle 3 - With irregular rows of spinelike teeth from middle to end 12. Aedeagus o -About 4 times as long as wide, weakly curved 1 - Greater than 6 times as long as wide, strongly curved 13. Antrum o - Small, poorly defined 1 - Well developed, funnel shaped 2 - Large, cup shaped 14. Signum o - Lacking sclerotized projections from region bearing capitulum 1 - With sclerotized projection extending anterad from area bearing capitulum. 2 - With sderotized projection extending posterad from area bearing capitulum. genitalia. Character state polarity was determined pri­ length-to-width ratio of 2.3-2.7, present in the out­ marily using the out-group method. Although sister­ group, was considered the plesiomorphic condition group relationships are virtually unknown for Argyro­ (character state 1.0); a forewing length-to-width ratio taenia, recent work by Landry et al. (1999) has of 2.8-3.0 was considered the apomorphic condition identified a monophyletic species group comprised of (character state 1.1). A comparatively small forewing A. franciscana (Walsingham), A. citrana (Fernald), A. length (9.0-10.5 mm) was assumed to represent the citrana isolatissinw Powell, A. citrana insularis Powell, plesiomorphic condition (character state 2.0), and a A. niscana (Kearfott), and an undescribed species; this larger forewing length (11.0-13.0 mm) the apomor­ group was used as the out-group. phic state (character state 2.1). A forewing without a Descriptions of character states. The character white spot at the distal end of discal cell was assumed states used in the analysis are described below. Their to represent the primitive condition (character state putative plesiomorphic and apomorphic states are pre­ sented in Table 1, and their distribution among the taxa is presented in Table 2. TABLE 2. Distribution of character states for cladistic analysis Forewing (Characters 1-5). Most species ofArgyro­ ("?" = missing data). taenia, including the out-group, have a rather broad forewing with a pattern that typically includes one or outgroup 000 000 000 000 00 more oblique fascia and a small, Hattened, triangular ponera 111200310 021 ?? spinacallis 101 000 210 131 11 patch at the costa about two-thirds the distance from unda 101 100 110 III 21 the base to the apex. All of the species in the putative octavana 101100110 III 20 "ponera group" have a more narrow forewing that coconinana 110 211 121 000 02 bialbistriata 100211 12100001 lacks the typical Argyrotaenia pattern. A forewing 116 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY 3.0), and a forewing with a diffuse white spot at the spinelike teeth near the middle of the aedeagus (char­ end of the dis cal cell, characteristic of A. ponera, A. acter state 11.2) and irregular rows of spinelike teeth spinacallis, A. unda, and A. octavana, the apomorphic from near the middle to the distal tip of the aedeagus state (character state 3.1). The absence of a pale longi­ (character state 11.3). A comparatively short (about 4 tudinal streak through the discal cell of the forewing times as long as wide), weakly cmved aedeagus, present was interpreted as plesiomorphic (character state 4.0); in A. coconinana and A. biablistriata, was considered the presence of an ill -defined or narrow, pale longitu­ the plesiomorphic state (character 12.0), and a rela­ dinal streak extending from the forewing base to about tively long (greater than 6 times as long as wide), slen­ the end of the discal cell, as is present in A. unda and der, strongly curved aedeagus (character state 12.1), A. octavana, was interpreted as derived (character present in A. ponera, A. spinacallis, A. unda, and A. state 4.1); and the presence of a well-developed pale octavana, was considered the apomorphic state. longitudinal streak extending from near the base of the Female genitalia (Characters 13- 14). A small, forewing to beyond the end of the discal cell, present poorly defined antrum was considered plesiomorphic in A.
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