Annual Research & Review in Biology

27(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.ARRB.41606 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869

Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- (: ) from Kashmir Himalaya, India

Mushtaq Ganai1* and Zakir Khan1

1Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, India.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out collectively by both authors. Author MG collected the specimens, performed the laboratory work and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ZK selected the topic, performed the photography of specimens and helped in finalization of the draft of manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Article Information

DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2018/41606 Editor(s): (1) Dr. George Perry, Dean and Professor of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA. Reviewers: (1) Hamit Ayberk, Istanbul University, Turkey. (2) Jeffrey Marcus, University of Manitoba, Canada. (3) Imam Widhiono, Jenderal Soedirman Univsersity, Indonesia. (4) Victor Wilson Botteon, University of São Paulo, Brazil. (5) Blas Lotina-Hennsen, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/25264

Received 5th April 2018 th Original Research Article Accepted 16 June 2018 Published 25th June 2018

ABSTRACT

Aims: refers to assignment of name to an organism which provides the only key to all the information available about that species and its relatives. Careful and accurate identification and classification of organisms are of vital importance so that the extents of their harmful and beneficial properties are established. Since some of the members of tribe Archipini are pests of various crops, so this study was conducted with the aim to identify, describe, name and classify these species and also prepare illustrated diagnostic keys for their quick and authentic identification and efficient management. Study Design: Taxonomy of tribe Archipini. Place and Duration of Study: The collection of these tortricid specimens was done in districts Anantnag, Ganderbal, Kupwara, Kargil and Leh of J&K State during 2010-2012, while as ______

*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected];

Ganai and Khan; ARRB, 27(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.ARRB.41606

their processing was performed during 2014 in Biosystematics Laboratory, Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025. Methodology: For this study, intensive and extensive collection-cum-survey tours were conducted to capture tortricid moth species from far-flung localities of different areas of Kashmir and Ladakh from March 2010 to November 2012. Since these being nocturnal in behaviour, their collection was done during night with the help of portable bucket type light traps fitted with 125 W mercury vapour lamp and mercury vapour lamp hung along a white cloth sheet secured to a wall or directly over a plain white wall to protect wings and scales from damage due to overcrowding during trapping in bucket of light trap. These specimens after collection from field were processed in laboratory. For preparation of permanent slides for wing venation, method proposed by Common (1970) and advocated by Zimmerman (1978) was followed, while as for studying male and female genitalia, the method suggested by Robinson (1976) was followed with slight modification. Results: Twelve Tortricid moth species belonging to six genera viz., Lederer, Hubner, Hubner, Guenee, Diakonoff and Walker of tribe Archipini and sub-family were collected from Kashmir Himalaya and dealt with taxonomically. Overall, two species viz., Choristoneura pseudofumiferana and Clepsis kupwari are being reported as new to science. Besides, giving an illustrated account of new species, the taxonomic account of already known species has also been added to improve their diagnosis. Further, key to the presently examined species of all genera has been prepared on the basis of characters such as labial palpi, antennae, costal fold, anal fold, wing venation and male and female genitalic characteristics. Conclusion: In the Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan region (North-west) of J & K state of India twelve species belonging to six genera viz., Choristoneura Lederer, Archips Hubner, Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker of tribe Archipini have been collected during present investigation, out of which two species viz., Choristoneura pseudofumiferana and Clepsis kupwari are being reported as new to science. Further the reporting of two new species increased the number of species under Choristoneura Lederer from four to five and genus Clepsis Guenee from two to three in Kashmir zone of Jammu & Kashmir.

Keywords: Choristoneura; Clepsis; fauna; leaf roller; Neocalyptis; Pandemis; Tortricid moth.

1. INTRODUCTION Archipini to date, based on morphology of the Japanese species, and found Ramapesiini to be Archipini were initially recognized by Pierce and paraphyletic to a monophyletic Archipini. Metcalfe [1] based on the presence of an According to Brown [8] Archipini is the largest elongated signum and a bulbous capitulum in the tribe within the Tortricinae, with more than 1,600 female genitalia, however, several of the taxa described species in 150 genera. Its members placed in the tribe by them lacked this character are present in all regions but are uncommon in and the circumscription of the group was based the neotropics. Most are polyphagous leafrollers, solely on the British fauna. Common [2] and this tribe contains many pests, such as the subsequently had difficulty applying Pierce and ( Metcalfe tribal arrangement to the Australian postvittana Walker). A synapomorphy for the tortricids, which led him to broaden Archipini to group is the dagger-shaped signum in the female include several additional taxa lacking the corpus bursae. Following this characterisation, signum and/or capitulum. Horak [3,4] postulated the material collected from Kashmir Himalaya that Common’s concept of Archipini was have been found to belong Twelve species of six polyphyletic and divided the tribe into three genera viz., Choristoneura Lederer, Archips groups typified by Archips, Clepsis, and Hubner, Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, . Razowski [5] briefly expanded the Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker tribe to include the tribe Euliini but then removed belonging to tribe Archipini and sub-family the latter, as well as transferring taxa with a well Tortricinae. Further the authors acknowledge that sclerotized costa of\ the valve of the male they mistakenly mentioned the new reported genitalia into a new tribe, Ramapesiini [6]. Jinbo species in their earlier diversity related published [7] conducted the only phylogenetic analysis of manuscript (Ganai & Khan [9]) first, but they now

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want to clarify that they wish to establish that the achieve this important objective, an exhaustive current work contains the formal description of search of Biological Abstracts, Entomological these new species. Abstracts, Zoological Records, and Net surfing led to the collection of large number of 2. METHODOLOGY references and procurement of research papers. A communication channel was also established For this study, intensive and extensive collection- with the eminent taxonomists currently working cum-survey tours were conducted to capture on family Tortricidae around the globe. The different tortricid moth species in five districts viz. identification was confirmed by sending adult, Anantnag, Ganderbal, Kupwara, Kargil and Leh wing and genitalia photographs to these tortricid based on their accessibility, differing elevation, experts for examination and validation of and habitat type from March 2010 to November species. The photography of adult moths, fore 2012. Since Tortricid moths being nocturnal in and hind wings, external male and female behaviour, their collection was done during night genitalic structures was done at the same scale with the help of portable bucket type light traps of magnification with the help of digital camera fitted with 125 W mercury vapour lamp and attached to Stereo zoom Olympus microscope mercury vapour lamp hung along a white cloth and specimens are deposited in the sheet secured to a wall or directly over a plain collection of the museum of bio-systematic white wall to protect wings and scales from laboratory in the Division of Entomology, damage due to overcrowding during trapping in SKUAST-K, Shalimar campus, Srinagar. bucket of light trap. In this method specimen tubes with a piece of cotton soaked in benzene 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and a piece of blotting paper placed over it, were used for trapping and killing the moths. Also The members of tribe Archipini have forewing chargeable electric lamp was also used for with costal fold in males, chorda rarely present. collection purpose in some areas where Male genitalia always with coremata on eighth electricity supply was not available. The sternite; uncus with hair brush below apex; valve surveyed areas included both plains and hilly with pulvinus; sacculus sclerotized along ventral places and elevation extremes examined for the edge and dorsal margin membranous. Female study ranged from 1700 meters to 3000 meters. genitalia with dagger shaped signum. The collected individuals were killed with benzene or ethyl acetate vapours in the killing 3.1 Genus Archips Hubner bottles, transferred into butter paper envelops and were brought to the laboratory, where these Hubner, 1822, Syst.-alphab. Verz. 58. were properly stretched in the small adjustable wooden stretching boards or thermocol sheets Type species: Phalaena (Tortrix) piceana after pinning through the mid of mesothorax. Linnaeus, 1758 Before stretching, the specimens were relaxed on blotting paper placed over water soaked Distribution: Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental cotton sterilized with phenol in an airtight Petri regions dish and left for 4-6 hours. The stretched specimens were then oven dried for 72 hours at Diagnosis: The members of this genus are 60oC and preserved in the insect storage boxes, characterised by broad forewings due to concave fumigated with naphthalene balls. Before the shaped termen or costa or both beyond the apex. specimens were preserved in the boxes, each More often the ground colour is yellowish to was furnished with data such as name of the brownish with pinkish or reddish admixture. The locality, locality altitude, date of collection, and markings are reduced in females while as in name of the collector etc. For preparation of males the basal patch is often expressed permanent slides, method proposed by Common dorsally. Sexual dimorphism exists in size and [10] and advocated by Zimmerman [11] for wing colour and females are larger than males. The venation was followed, while as for studying male fore wing of male is more expanded terminally and female genitalia, the method suggested by while as in females the termen is more strongly Robinson [12] was followed with slight concave beyond apex. Male genitalia usually modification. All the specimens after sorting were with slender uncus, gnathus arm slender, socius identified with the help of relevant literature small or rudimentary, tegumen large with ventral especially the Tort fauna of Korea, Guide to sclerites, valve ovate, pulvinus distinct and juxta tortricid moths of America at the first instance. To simple. Aedeagus is simple with numerous

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cornuti. Female genitalia with more or less ductus bursae and proximal portion of cup- elongated sterigma which is anteriorly cup shaped part of sterigma. The present collection shaped, ductus bursae long, ductus seminalis comprised of thirty one specimens which have extending from antrum and capitulum of signum been found conspecific on the basis of female and basal plates distinct. genitalia and has been identified as Archips cantinus Razowski. Further, the male genitalia 3.1.1 Archips cantinus Razowski, 2006 which was reported first time, was found similar with Archips naltarica Razowski, 2006 from the Cantinus Razowski, 2006 (Archips), Acta Zool. same region but differentiates from that in shape Cracov. 49B: 122. of valvae and sacculus.

Description: Adult (Fig. 1a): Head and thorax 3.1.2 Archips naltarica Razowski, 2006 creamy brown. Forewing costa distinctly convex in basal third, slightly concaving post-medially; Naltarica Razowski, 2006 (Archips), Acta Zool. termen oblique, not concave beneath apex; Cracov. 49B: 122. posterior side of forewing not expanding. Ground colour pale, sprinkled with rust; veins suffused Description: Adult (Fig. 1b): Head and thorax with same colour. Hindwing pale brownish, light to dark orange rust. Forewing brownish creamy towards base. basally with indistinct pinkish, distinct refractive along edges of markings; markings orange, basal Male genitalia (Fig. 2a): Uncus moderately blotch broad, rather diffuse; median fascia broad, pointed apically; socii rudimentary; slender, pale at costa, very broad, darkening tegumen long and thin; vinculum U shaped; towards dorsum; subapical blotch long, orange membranous part of valve straight dorsally and rust, fusing with subterminal diffuse marking; terminal process of sacculus thick, upcurved and concolorous spot at apex. Cilia cream tinged short; aedeagus slender, distinctly extending greyish ochreous. Hindwing creamy orange and ventro-terminally; coecum penis long, at base; cilia cream white, cream at apex. Male perpendicular to the latter; cornuti two in vesica. with costal fold ill-defined and a long upcurved wing edge. Female genitalia (Fig. 3a): Papilla analis wide and short, anterior apophyses slightly longer than Male genitalia (Fig. 2b): Uncus slender, posterior apophyses; sterigma cup shaped, distal elongated, pointed apically; socius rudimentary; edge of postostial sterigma strongly projecting tegumen long and thin; vinculum oval shaped; medially, submedian part expanding laterally, terminal process of sacculus small; aedeagus proximal portion short; ductus bursae somewhat slender, distinctly extending ventro-terminally, short; cestum short, hardly reaching middle of with some ventral microthorns beyond zone; the latter; signum slender, long, with large sized coecum penis long, perpendicular to the latter; capitulum. two cornuti in vesica.

Wing span: Male 23 mm, Female 24 mm. Female genitalia (Fig. 3b): Papilla analis thin and short, anterior apophyses longer than posterior Material examined: Salia, 02.v.10-1♂; 02.ix,12- apophyses; sterigma U shaped somewhat small, 1♂; Gutlibag, 06.v.10-3♂; 11,ix.10-2♂; 09.ix.11- ostium bursae moderate; ductus bursae 2♂, 1♀; Kundalgam, 10.v.10-1♂; 01.viii.12- medium; cestum to two third of the ductus 6♂,2♀; Kargil, 18.v.10-1♂; Khalsi, 27.vi.10-1♂, bursae, broad in basal half; signum slender with 1♀; 31.vii.10-2♂; 13.v.11-1♂; 28.vi.11-1♂; elongate basal plate and small capitulum. 01.vii.11-2♂, 1♀; 25.ix.11-1♂; 21.vii.12-3♂,1♀. Wing span: Male 20 mm, Female 23 mm. Distribution: Kashmir (India). Material examined: Hiller, 03.v.10-1♂; Remarks: Razowski [13] named a new species Handwara, 09.v.10-1♂; 21.viii.10-2♂, 1♀; cantinus under the genus Archips Hubner from 19.vi.11-2♂; 30.vii.12-3♂, 2♀; Khalsi, 19.v.10- female specimen collected from Kashmir 1♂; 31.vii.10-3♂, 1♀; 11.v.11-2♂. Himalaya and published this in his paper. He also found that this species resembles with Distribution: Kashmir (India). Archips asiaticus (Walsingham, 1900) as the shapes of the female genitalia show; but argued Remarks: Razowski [13] on the basis of some that it differs from that species in much shorter individuals named a new species naltarica

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Razowski under genus Archips Hubner and 3.2.1 Choristoneura colyma Razowski, 2006 published this in his paper. Further he found male genitalia of this species similar with Archips Colyma Razowski, 2006 (Coristoneura), Acta dierli Diakonoff, 1976 from Nepal but Zool. Cracov. 49B: 123. differentiated it from that by large coecum penis perpendicular to median part of aedeagus, long Description: Adult (Fig. 1c): Head and thorax ventral termination of aedeagus and light creamy tinged ferruginous; labial palpus prominences of basel part of sterigma situated brownish. Forewing terminally not expanding, away from one another which was also observed costa convex upto middle, apically somewhat in present study. The present collection short, termen concave beneath apex; ground comprised of nineteen individuals which have colour creamy yellow; markings ill-defined, pale been found conspecific on the basis of genital rust consisting of dorsal remnants of basal structures and has been identified as Archips blotch, three spots representing median fascia cantinus Razowski. accompanied by weak spot at end of median cell and spot at tornus; cilia whiter than ground 3.2 Genus Choristoneura Lederer colour. Hindwing creamy white in colour with whitish cilia. Lederer, 1859, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 3: 426. Male genitalia (Fig. 2c): Uncus spatulate, narrow Type species: Tortrix diversana Hubner, [1814- basally rounded apically; socius small; tegumen 1817]. broad but short; sacculus long with small thorn at Distribution: Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. middle and rather broad terminal fourth armed with apical thorn; fairly long process beyond Diagnosis: Fore wings are usually large with middle of sacculus; vinculum U shaped; yellowish to brownish ground colour and with aedeagus short, terminating in small ventral basal blotch, median fascia and sub apical spot thorn; coecum penis and caulis long with two markings. Males often are smaller than females long, slender cornuti in vesica. and markings also more developed in males. Male genitalia with often club shaped uncus, Female genitalia (Fig. 3c): Large papilla analis gnathus arm simple, socius variable, valve with long and convex, heavily covered with micro and better differentiated dorso-proximal portion due macro setae; corpus bursae spherical, encircled to presence of long scent scales, sacculus by long ductus bursae and slightly sclerotized simple with 1 or 2 thorns, juxta simple, towards ductus bursae; signum three armed aedeagus is with caulis short or strongly thorn like; ductus bursae thick and well elongated and cornuti numerous long spines. developed; cestum long extending from corpus Female genitalia with anterior portion of sterigma bursae to ostium bursae; posterior apophyses short, rarely cup shaped and long ductus bursae shorter than anterior apophyses, well sclerotized with long cestum. and anterior apophyses weakly sclerotized.

Remarks: Genus Choristoneura was proposed Wing span: Male 20 mm, Female 21 mm. by Lederer [14], with Tortrix diversana Hübner as its type species. Razowski [15] revised Material examined: Akingam, 06.vi.10-1♂; Choristoneura dealing with the Palaearctic and Lolab, 14.vi.10-1♂, Sonamarg, 11. vii. 10-1♂; 05. Nearctic species and Brown [16] included 38 viii. 10-1♂, 1♀; 20. viii. 11-2♂; 16. viii. 12-3♂, species in the genus, with 20 described from the 2♀; Gawran, 14. vii. 10-1♂, 1♀; Kupwara, 20. vii. Palearctic Region, 17 from the Nearctic Region, 10-2♂, 1♀; 27.viii. 12-2♂, 1♀; Aru, 11. viii. 10- and one from the Afrotropical Region. In the 1♂. present study, out of five species already reported from the region under genus Distribution: Kashmir (India). Choristoneura Lederer, only one could be collected from different localities of Kashmir Remarks: Razowski [13]) named a new species which was identified as Choristoneura colyma Razowski under genus Choristoneura colyma Razowski. In addition to this one more Lederer on the basis of few male individuals species identified as Choristoneura collected from Kashmir region and published it in pseudofumiferana sp.nov. was reported as new his paper. He further reported that its male to science. Both the species are studied in detail genitalia resembling with Choristoneura in the present manuscript. propensa Razowski, 1992 from which it differs in

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sacculus thorn length, and with Choristoneura 33.71 N, 75.21 E, 05.vi.10, Mushtaq A. Ganai griseicoma (Meyrick, 1924), Choristoneura (Genitalia Slide BSL 114) (SKUAST-Kashmir). neurophaea (Meyrick, 1932) and Choristoneura ferrugininotata Obraztsov, 1968 also with Allotype: ♀ India, J & K: District Kupwara; Lolab, different thorn of sacculus, aedeagus and 1571 m, 34.45 N, 74.08 E, 27.viii.12, Mushtaq A. colouration, which was also observed during the Ganai (Genitalia Slide BSL 115) (SKUAST- present investigation. The present collection Kashmir). comprised of twenty one specimens which have been found conspecific on the basis of male Remarks: The individuals representing the genitalia and has been identified as genus Choristoneura could neither be identified Choristoneura colyma Razowski. Further, the through literature nor by tortricid moth experts female genitalia of this species were described and is presently named as new species first time, during the present study. Choristoneura pseudofumiferana sp. nov. This new species is closely similar with Choristoneura 3.2.2 Choristoneura pseudofumiferana sp. fumiferana (Clemens, 1865) in general nov. maculation and in generalized structure of the external genitalia. However, the external male Description: Adult (Fig. 1d): Head creamy with genitalia differs from that of fumiferana frons brown; eyes brown with black spots; labial (Clemens, 1865) in presence of thorn on palpus two, short, porrect and brownish. sacculus, valvae shape terminally, uncus which Forewing pointed at coastal side terminally, costa is short and thick and also in female genitalia in convex at middle, termen concave beneath apex; which ductus bursae is short, corpus bursae ground colour cream yellowish, veins in whole of small and signum small, with Choristoneura wing appear as dark lines; markings ill-defined colyma Razowski 2006 from which it differs in except some whitish spots appear on the presence of small thorn on sacculus and shape posterior part of wing; cilia whiter than ground of uncus, also with Choristoneura neurophaea colour; costal fold absent in males. Hindwing with (Meyrick, 1932) and Choristoneura ground colour same as in forewing; cilia whitish. ferrugininotata Obraztsov, 1968 from which it differ in shape of thorn on sacculus, shorter Male genitalia (Fig. 2d): Slender, short uncus aedeagus and different colouration. During the slightly expanding terminally; tegumen broad and present study, male and female adult short; sacculus with small thorn at middle and representatives of this species were collected terminally pointed and upcurved; saccus narrow, from different localities of Kashmir. The detailed simple; valvae well developed, differentiated into description of morphology along with the dorsal and ventral arms, dorsal arm weakly genitalia, material examined and photograph of sclerotized almost of uniform thickness, beset external genitalia are given for the sake of with setae, terminally round and covered with information. long hairs, ventral arm very well sclerotized; socius small; aedeagus medium sized; coecum Etymology: The species name penis and caulis long; two long, slender cornuti in pseudofumiferana refers to its resemblance with vesica. fumiferana (Clemens, 1865) of genus Choristoneura Lederer. Female genitalia (Fig. 3d): Papilla analis broad, heavily setosed with micro and macro setae; 3.3 Genus Clepsis Guenee posterior apophyses longer than anterior apophyses, well sclerotized, apically spatulate; Guenee, 1845, Annls Soc. ent. Fr (2)3: 149. anterior apophyses weakly sclerotized, apically spatulate; corpus bursae small, slightly Type species: Tortrix rusticana Hubner [1796- sclerotized towards ductus bursae, provided with 1799] sensu Treitschke, 1830 [= Tortrix shoe screw shaped signum; ductus bursae long, senecionana Hubner, [1818-1819]. thin and well developed; cestum thin, long extending from corpus bursae to ostium bursae. Distribution: Palaearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical and Oriental regions. Wing span: Male 18 mm, Female 19 mm. Diagnosis: Clepsis genus is characterised by Material examined: Holotype: ♂ India, Jammu & fore wing with curved costa basally, males with Kashmir: District Anantnag; Ranipora, 1610 m, short rounded apex while in some females it is

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pointed. Ground colour is ochreous to brownish oblique. Hindwing pale gray, termen somewhat with refractive scales in some species. Male yellow. Legs whitish, outer side of tarsi of foreleg, genitalia with slender to very broad uncus and midleg and outer spur of midleg dark brown. flattened dorsoventrally, tegumen very broad, gnathus arms simple often armed with numerous Male genitalia (Fig. 2e): Tegumen broad; uncus spines, valva with terminal portion often well strong, distinctly broadened at middle, tapering differentiated, sacculus usually tapering terminally, rounded apically; socius small; arm of terminally and aedeagus simple with spiniform gnathos strong, rounded apically; valva oblong, cornuti. Female genitalia with sterigma provided terminal portion with lobe; sacculus narrow, with slender lateral plates and well developed slightly convex near base; median part of labis dorsal cavity, membranous or with distinct broad and spined, terminal portion slender; internal sclerites antrum, inception of ductus aedeagus thin, apically rounded, with three large seminalis anterior to antrum or from its dorsal cornuti in vesica. surface and capitate type of signum. Female genitalia (Fig. 3e): Papilla analis short, Remarks: Clepsis Guenée, 1845 is a large lightly setosed with micro and macro setae; genus of tribe Archipini of subfamily Tortricinae. posterior apophyses slightly longer than anterior In the present study, both the two species apophyses; corpus bursae medium, spherical, already reported from the region under genus dilated, slightly sclerotized towards ductus Clepsis Guenee, were collected from different bursae, signum elongated with small capitulum; localities of Kashmir and Ladakh which were ductus bursae long, thin and well developed; identified as Linnaeus and cestum thin, long extending from corpus bursae Clepsis translucida Meyrick. In addition to this to ostium bursae. one more species named as Clepsis kupwari sp.nov. was reported as new to science. All Wing span: Male 19 mm, Female 20 mm. these species are studied in detail in the present manuscript. Material examined: Salia, 02.v.10-1♂; 22.v.12- 1♂; 02.ix.12-3♂,1♀; Gutlibag, 06.v.10-2♂; 3.3.1 Clepsis rurinana (Linnaeus, 1758) 08.vii.11-5♂, 3♀; 04.v.12-2♂,1♀; Khalsi, 27.vi.10-1♂; 31.vii.10-2♂, 1♀. Rurinana Linnaeus, 1758 (Phalaena (Tortrix)), Systema Naturae (10th ed.): 823. Distribution: China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Phalaena Tortrix modeeriana Linnaeus, 1761: India, Nepal, Afghanistan, Siberia and Europe. 347. Phalaena Tortrix moderiana: Linne, 1767: 880 Remarks: Diakonoff [17] gave the photographs Phalaena Tortrix angulana Villers, 1789: 417, of external genitalic structures of the species 612 rurinana Linnaeus and also described it in detail. Pyralis avellana Panzer, 1804 (nee Linne): 124 This species has been also treated by Razowski Tortrix consimilana Treitschke, 1830 (nee [18] and transferred to Clepsis. This is similar to Hiibner): 75 Clepsis melissa (Meyrick, 1908), but differs from Cacoecia idana Kennel, 1919: 51, pl. 2, fig. 1. the latter in forewing ground colour, uncus, Tortrix semialhana Guenee, 1845: 139 sacculus and aedeagus. This species is also Tortrix obscura Dufrane, 1957 closely allied to Clepsis laetornata Wang, but can Phalaena angulosa Fourcroy, 1785 be distinguished from it by basal blotch on the Tortrix croceana Curtis, 1850 (nee Haworth): 110 surface of the forewing very small and indistinct; Clepsis (Siclobola) rurinana: Diakonoff, 1955: 45 uncus longer and less strong than that of the Clepsis (Siclobola) semialhana: Obraztsov, latter species; aedeagus less slender, laterally 1954—1957: 52, 193, 213, 315. with subterminal denticle which was also Tortrix liotoma Meyrick, 1936: 60. observed by Zinpu et al. [19].

Description: Adult (Fig. 1e): Head with frons 3.3.2 Clepsis kupwari sp. nov. dark; vertex with rough scales, yellowish brown; thorax yellowish brown. Forewing with ground Description: Adult (Fig. 1f): Head with frons light colour pale brown; basal blotch, median fascia brown; vertex pale yellow with rough scales; and subapical blotch dark brown; basal portion of antennae with scape and pedicel light yellow; costal edge yellow-brown; costal fold broad, eyes dark brown; labial palpus, short, porrect and reaching median fascia; apex blunt; termen brownish furnished with pale brown scales;

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thorax chocolate colour. Forewing with ground persicana (Fitch). During the present study, three colour light brown; basal blotch, median fascia male representatives of this species were and subapical blotch dark brown; basal portion of collected from different localities of Kashmir and costal edge dark-brown; costal fold broad in identified as new species. Hence, the detailed male. Hindwing with ground colour same as in description of morphology along with the forewing; cilia dark-brown. Legs creamy-whitish, genitalia, material examined and photograph of outer side of tarsi of foreleg and mid leg dark external genitalia are given for the sake of brown. Dorsal surface of abdomen chocolate, information. ventral surface light-creamy. Etymology: The species name Kupwari refers to Male genitalia (Fig. 2f): Uncus spatulate shaped, its place of collection “Kupwara”. well sclerotized and has a shorter base, connected to tegumen by means of a slender 3.3.3 Clepsis translucida (Meyrick, 1908) neck; tegumen almost of equal length as uncus, broader at base, narrow towards apex; vinculum Translucida (Meyrick, 1908) (Cacoecia), J. longer than tegumen, weakly sclerotized and 0- Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 18: 616. shaped; socii very short, somewhat dilated; gnathos with a large, strong middle process, Cacoecia translucida Meyrick, 1908. tapering backward; valvae well developed, inversely trapezoidal, broad, rounded externally, Description: Adult (Fig. 1g): Head chocolate; undifferentiated into dorsal and ventral arms; labial palpus two and brownish. Forewing sacculus reaching to about middle of valva expanding terminally, costa straight to apex; length; aedeagus broad proximally, bent in ground colour dark gray; markings ill-defined; external portion, slightly narrower and sclerotized cilia creamy colour. Hindwing colour same as towards distal end, bearing a laterodorsal thorn forewing. before apex; coecum penis elongate, slightly narrowed at middle, rounded cephalically, Female genitalia (Fig. 3f): Papilla analis shoe directed obliquely ventrad from external portion shaped, long and convex, lightly covered with of aedeagus; cornuti 3-5 long, straight, micro and macro setae; posterior apophyses deciduous needles. shorter than anterior apophyses, well sclerotized and anterior apophyses weakly sclerotized; Female: Not found. corpus bursae large spherical connected by medium ductus bursae; cestum absent; signum Wing span: Male 15 mm. three armed thorn like with a small caputulum. Male not found. Material examined: Holotype: ♂ India, Jammu & Kashmir: District Kupwara; Kupwara town, 1577 Wing span: Female 19 mm. m, 34.43 N, 74.12 E, 20.vii.10, Mushtaq A. Ganai (Genitalia Slide BSL 33 a) (SKUAST-Kashmir). Material examined: Kangan, 09.vi.10-1♀; 10.vi.11-1♀; 15.vi.12-1♀; Leh, 01.viii.10-1♀. Paratype: ♂ India, Jammu & Kashmir: District Kupwara; Kundalgam, 1573 m, 34.44 N, 74.09 E, Distribution: Kashmir (India). 26.viii.11, Mushtaq A. Ganai (Genitalia Slide BSL 33 b) (SKUAST-Kashmir). Remarks: This collection comprised of four specimens which have been found conspecific Remarks: The male specimens representing the on the basis of female genitalia and has been genus Clepsis could neither be identified through identified as Clepsis translucida Meyrick. This literature nor by tortricid moth experts and is species was established by Meyrick [20] and presently named as new species Clepsis described in detail, since then also treated by Kupwari sp. nov. The new species is closely several other authors. Hence, the detailed similar with (Fitch) in general description of morphology along with female maculation and in generalized structure of the genitalia is given in this for more improvement in external genitalia. However, the external male identification. genitalia differs from that of persicana (Fitch) in the shape of uncus which is more round with 3.4 Genus Neocalyptis Diakonoff narrow neck, tegumen which is less broad and also in valvae which are long and thin than Diakonoff, 1941, Treubia, vol. 18, p. 407.

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Type species: Neocalyptis telutanda Diakonoff, terminally, with broken terminal process and 1941. armed with post median, dorso lateral process extending beyond its termination; coecum penis Distribution: Ethiopian, Nearctic, Oriental and long; cornuti in the form of bunch of long spines. Palaearctic regions. Female: Not found. Diagnosis: The members of this genus are characterised by uniformly broad fore wing with Wing span: Male 12 mm. costa straight except for basal third, termen weakly oblique, gently sinuate; ground colour Material examined: Khalsi, 31.vii.10-1♂; variable; cilia worn; hindwing variable in colour. 01.vii.11-3♂; 25. ix.11-1♂; 22.vi.12-2♂; Shargol, Male genitalia with uncus slender to broad, 03.viii.10-2♂. broadening basally; socius usually large; arms of gnathos long; valvae oval or spherical and Distribution: India (J&K). membranous; aedeagus usually bent with Remarks: Razowski [13] named a new species tapering terminad, terminal process (broken); chlansignum Razowski under genus Neocalyptis cornuti group of large spines. Female genitalia Diakonoff on the basis of few female individuals corpus bursae variable, membranous; posterior collected from Kashmir region and published it in apophyses slightly shorter than anterior his paper. He further reported that this species apophyses; ductus bursae medium to long and resembles externally with Neocalyptis nexilis membranous; papilla analis variable, setosed Razowski, 1984 which was also found in present with setae; sterigma with a cup shaped part but research. Further, female genitalia are differing without any sharp part of lateral arms; capitulum from that of Neocalyptis nexilis in slender, rather of signum visible, blade of signum usually long. long colliculum and larger signum. The present

collection comprised of four male specimens Remarks: In this study, out of three species which have been found conspecific on the basis already reported from the region under genus of male genitalia and has been identified as Neocalyptis Diakonoff, only two could be Neocalyptis chlansignum Razowski. Further, the collected from different localities of Kashmir and male genitalia of this species were described first Ladakh. Both the species were identified as time, during the present study. Neocalyptis ladakhana Razowski and Neocalyptis chlansignum Razowski and are 3.4.2 Neocalyptis ladakhana Razowski, 2006 studied in detail in the present manuscript. ladakhana Razowski, 2006 (Neocalyptis), Acta 3.4.1 Neocalyptis chlansignum Razowski, Zool. Cracov. 49B: 125. 2006 Description: Adult (Fig. 1i): Head and thorax Chlansignum Razowski, 2006 (Neocalyptis), Acta brownish. Forewing of same width basally and Zool. Cracov. 49B: 125. apically but terminally not expanding more; costa nearly straight except at basal part where it turns Description: Adult moth (Fig. 1h): Brownish towards inner; apex very short and rather sharp; head; brown coloured marked with brown before termen lightly oblique, rather sinuate below apex; median joint ends laterally; thorax dark-brownish ground colour whitish-brown and finely coloured. Forewing narrow at base, broadening strigulated with brown; markings dark consisting at medium but not expanding terminally; termen of dorsal remnant of basal blotch, median fascia nearly straight, slightly oblique; ground colour expand at tornus and large subapical blotch creamy sprinkled with brown; markings dark proceeding to end of termen; cilia of same greyish-brown consisting of dorsal remnant of colour with ground colour, whitish-brown at basal blotch, weakly-defined median fascia dark tornus, with trace of brownish median line. at costa and large triangular subapical blotch Hindwing grey-brown; cilia seldom paler. reaching end of termen; cilia pale creamy ochreous. Hindwing brown-grey; cilia very paler. Male genitalia (Fig. 2h): Broad, straight uncus, some what expanding apically; socius medium; Male genitalia (Fig. 2g): Slender and long uncus; arms of gnathus almost long; valva short, socius medium; arms of gnathus almost long; complete round; sacculus short, weak within valva oval with long dorsal hair brush; sacculus membranous valva; aedeagus medium, bent and weakly sclerotized, short lines on ventral side of tapering terminad, with broken terminal process; valva; aedeagus medium, bent and tapering cornuti in the form of group of large spines.

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Female genitalia (Fig. 3g): Corpus bursae round, developed sterigma provided with cup shaped membranous; posterior apophyses slightly portion and short lateral plates around dorsal shorter than anterior apophyses; ductus bursae cavity, ductus seminalis posterior or extending medium and membranous; papilla analis nearly dorsally from antrum, anterior part of ductus triangular, setosed with setae; sterigma with a bursae broad and signum with distinct capitulum cup shaped part but without any sharp part of and basal plates. lateral arms; capitulum of signum visible, blade of signum long. Remarks: In this study, the only species already reported from the region under genus Pandemis Wing span: Male 12 mm, Female 13 mm. Hubner, had been collected from different localities of Kashmir and Ladakh. This species Material examined: Kharbo, 25.vi.10-1♂; was identified as Pandemis thomasi Razowski 26.vi.11-1♂; 17.vii.12-5♂, 1♀; Khalsi, 27.vi.10- and is studied in detail. 1♂; 31.vii.10-2♂, 1♀. 3.5.1 Pandemis thomasi Razowski, 2006

Distribution: India (J&K). Thomasi Razowski, 2006 (Pandemis), Acta Zool. Cracov. 49B: 124. Remarks: Razowski [13] named a new species ladakhana Razowski under genus Neocalyptis Description: Adult (Fig. 1j): Whitish cream head; Diakonoff on the basis of few female individuals labial palpus comparatively long and rather collected from Ladakh region of J & K and concolorous; antenna weakly dentate-ciliate, with published it in his paper. He further reported that notch near base; thorax brownish. Forewing this species resembles closely with Neocalyptis almost broad; costa of forewing without costal nematodes (Meyrick, 1928) from Philippines but fold, distinctly convex to middle; apex rather differs from that in longer subapical blotch of short; termen not oblique to middle, slightly forewing, the much longer ductus bursae and the concave beneath apex; ground colour brownish, atrophied basal sclerite of signum which was markings weakly defined consisting of dorsal part also observed in present investigation. The of basal blotch, median fascia well-defined, present collection comprised of seven specimens widening towards tornus and subapical blotch. which have been found conspecific on the basis Hind wing brownish. of female genitalia and has been identified as Neocalyptis ladakhana Razowski. Further, the Male genitalia (Fig. 2i): Large uncus, apex male genitalia of this species were described first rounded, slightly concave medially; socius large, time, during the present study. broadest post medially; gnathus simple and well developed, with rather short arms; sacculus 3.5 Genus Pandemis Hubner rather long, rounded terminally; transtilla strongly constricted medially; aedeagus almost slender Hubner, [1825] 1816, Verz. bekannter provided with few dorsal teeth at middle and Schmett. 388. terminally small dorsal process; cornuti in the form of group in vesica. Type species: Pyralis corylana Fabricius, 1794. Female genitalia (Fig. 3h): Shoe shaped papillae Distribution: Ethiopian, Nearctic, Oriental and analis; ductus bursae medium, well developed, Palaearctic regions. simple and narrow towards ostium bursae; anterior apophyses much shorter than posterior Diagnosis: Members of this genus are apophyses; anterior part of sterigma broad, characterised by broad forewings with termen or provided with cup shaped portion and short costa or both concave beyond apex, ground lateral plates around dorsal cavity, ductus colour yellowish to brownish and markings seminalis posterior or extending dorsally from consist of basal patch, median fascia and pre- antrum; antrum relatively very short, tapering apical spot. Male genitalia with strong uncus hardly towards anterior, sclerotized lateral walls provided with hairy brush, gnathus short and of antrum not parallel; ductus bursae without simple, socius large, valvae short and dorsally cestum; corpus bursae almost oval with two round, sacculus simple or with minute free small sclerotized patches; signum with short termination, aedeagus well developed with basal plate. slender coecum penis and cornuti broadening post-basally. Female genitalia with variably Wing span: Male 20 mm, Female 23 mm.

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Material examined: Gund, 10.vii.10-2♂, 1♀; Godana simulana Walker, 1866. Kupwara, 28.v.12-1♂; Mulbek, 20.viii.12-2♂,1♀; Homona fasciculana Walker, 1863. Sonamarg, 5.viii.10-1♂. Tortrix fimbriana Walker, 1869. Pandemis menciana Walker, 1863. Distribution: India (Jammu and Kashmir). Godana nubiferana Walker, 1866. Tortrix coffearia Nietner, 1861. Remarks: Razowski [13] named a new species Homona euryptera Diakonoff, 1941. thomasi Razowski under genus Pandemis Homona socialis Meyrick, 1912. Hubner on the basis of few male individuals Homona stenoptera Diakonoff, 1941. collected from Kashmir region of J & K and published it in his paper. He further reported that Description: Adult (Fig. 1k): Male with head and this species resembles closest to Pandemis thorax ochreous, grey-brown or light reddish heparana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), but brown; Fore wing with huge, semicircular costal reported that it can be distinguished easily from fold, reaching just to one-third; ground colour that by slenderer, rounded terminally uncus light greyish ochreous, with basal half of wing which was also observed in present except costal fold strongly suffused with blackish investigation. The present collection comprised brown; pattern always variably developed. Hind of eight specimens which have been found wing dark brownish grey, usually with reddish conspecific on the basis of male genitalia and tinge on apex. Female with head and thorax has been identified as Pandemis thomasi ochreous-orange to red-brown tinge coloured. Razowski. Further, the female genitalia of this Fore wing with costa curved in basal part, there species were described first time, during the after straight; ground colour light ochreous with present study. orange tinge, Hind wing ochreous orange, with grey in apex and anal area. 3.6 Genus Homona Walker Male genitalia (Fig. 2j): Uncus nearly spoon Walker, 1863, List Specimens lepid. shaped and apically little rounded; socii Colln. Br. Mus.28: 424. consisting of some bristles only; tegumen broad and short; vinculum V shaped; sacculus a Type species: Homona fasciculana Walker, sclerotized part along ventral side of valva with 1863 [= Tortrix coffearia Nietner, 1861]. two strong thorns at the end; aedeagus pistol-

Distribution: Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic shaped, with a large sub dorsal hook on its left regions. side; vesica with three to five cornuti.

Female genitalia (Fig. 3i): Papilla analis shoe Diagnosis: Forewing semi-ovate and elongated shaped; anterior apophyses slightly longer or with semicircular costal fold in males. In some equal to posterior apophyses; sterigma cup species median fascia divided into oblique dorsal shaped; ostium large and roundish with a narrow fascia and dark costal patch in males and rim-shaped lamella ante-vaginalis; antrum reduced markings in females. Male genitalia with weakly sclerotized, short and strongly tapering round large uncus provided with clavate top; socii funnel; ductus bursae somewhat medium and narrow; valva short, broad and triangular; thin; cestum wider than half diameter of ductus sacculus sclerotized strongly. Female genitalia bursae, extending from corpus bursae to about with variable sterigma; long ductus bursae four-fifths of ductus; signum a large curved and provided with long cestum and large signum. serrate dagger, invaginated from a dome-shaped Remarks: In this study, all the two species plate. already reported from the region under genus Wing span: Male 20 mm, Female 22 mm. Homona Walker, were collected from different localities of Kashmir and Ladakh. These were Material examined: Gund, 10.vii.10-1♂; identified as Nietner and 15.vii.12-2♂,1♀; Sonamarg, 5.viii.10-1♂; Homona nakaoi Yasuda and are studied in detail Aru.11.viii.10-1♂,1♀. in the present manuscript. Distribution: India, China, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, 3.6.1 Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861) Thailand, Java, Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak. coffearia Nietner, 1861 (Tortrix), Obs. Enem. Remarks: This species was originally described Coff. Tree Ceylon: 24. from Sri Lanka by Nietner [21] also described as Homona picrostacta Meyrick, 1921. Homona spargotis by Meyrick [22] but

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subsequently synonymised with Homona Male genitalia (Fig. 2k): Uncus long finger coffearia and re-described by Diakonoff [23]. shaped, round terminally; socius small; gnathos Whittle et al. [24] gave the photographs of arm slender; tegumen slender and long; external genitalic structures of the species vinculum V shaped; sacculus long, slender, coffearia Nietner and also reported that this concave post-basally, provided with two terminal species resembles with Homona spargolis, but thorns; aedeagus long, slender, with simple argued that Homona coffearia is characterised in terminal part. the male by a semicircular costal fold reaching to one-third costa, greyish, dark hind wings, a Female not found. band-shaped sacculus with apical thorns, and a long hook on the aedeagus, similarly its females Wing span: Male 17 mm. have a faintly sclerotized, short antrum and a long cestum extending from the corpus bursae to Material examined: Sirgufara, 15.viii.10-1♂; about four-fifths of the ductus which differs it from Kupwara, 28.vii.12-1♂; Handwara, 23.ix.12-1♂; Homona spargolis which was also observed in Brariangan, 14.vi.11-2♂. present study. The present collection comprised of seven specimens which have been found Distribution: Kashmir (India), Nepal, China and conspecific on the basis of male and female Vietnam. genitalia and has been identified as Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861). Remarks: This species was described from Nepal, re described by Diakonoff [25] on basis of 3.6.2 Homona nakaoi Yasuda, 1969 additional material from same country, also by

Nakaoi Yasuda, 1969 (Homona), Bull. Univ. Razowski [26] in detail, in which he reported that Osaka Pref. (B) 21: 168. this species resembles with Homona parvanima, but H. parvanima differs with it in gently concave Description: Male adult (Fig. 1l): Head brownish sacculus, single terminal process of sacculus, coloured; thorax creamy brown. Forewing costa and small ventro-terminal thorn of aedeagus. slightly curved at base, then weakly so, termen This species has also been reported closely moderately oblique and convex; costal fold related and similar to Homona baolocana, but H. broader, nearly rounded, to before one third. baolocana from it in rounded uncus, longer Ground colour brownish and tinged ferruginous sacculus with small post-basal concavity, and grey; suffusions at base of wing and trace of slender aedeagus without ventro-terminal thorn. median fascia rust; costal remnant in form of The present collection comprised of four blackish spot; subapical blotch totally reduced. specimens which have been found conspecific Cilia more creamy in colour than ground colour. on the basis of male and has been identified as Hindwing with brownish cilia paler in colour. Homona nakaoi Yasuda 1969.

a. b. c.

d. e. f.

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g. h. i.

j. k. l.

Fig. 1: Adult moths. a. Archips cantinus Razowski, 2006, b. Archips naltarica Razowski, 2006, c. Choristoneura colyma Razowski, 2006, d. Choristoneura pseudofumiferana sp. nov., e. Clepsis rurinana (Linnaeus, 1758), f. Clepsis kupwari sp. nov., g. Clepsis translucida (Meyrick, 1908), h. Neocalyptis chlansignum Razowski, 2006, i. Neocalyptis ladakhana Razowski, 2006, j. Pandemis thomasi Razowski, 2006, k. Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861), l. Homona nakaoi Yasuda, 1969

a. b. c.

d. e. f.

g. h. i.

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j. k.

Fig. 2. Male genitalia. a. Archips cantinus Razowski, 2006, b. Archips naltarica Razowski, 2006, c. Choristoneura colyma Razowski, 2006, d. Choristoneura pseudofumiferana sp. nov., e. Clepsis rurinana (Linnaeus, 1758), f. Clepsis kupwari sp. nov., g. Neocalyptis chlansignum Razowski, 2006, h. Neocalyptis ladakhana Razowski, 2006, i. Pandemis thomasi Razowski, 2006, j. Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861), k. Homona nakaoi Yasuda, 1969

a. b. c. d. e.

f. g. h. i.

Fig. 3. Female genitalia. a. Archips cantinus Razowski, 2006, b. Archips naltarica Razowski, 2006, c. Choristoneura colyma Razowski, 2006, d. Choristoneura pseudofumiferana sp. nov., e. Clepsis rurinana (Linnaeus, 1758), f. Clepsis translucida (Meyrick, 1908), g. Neocalyptis ladakhana Razowski, 2006, h. Pandemis thomasi Razowski, 2006, i. Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861)

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4. CONCLUSION REFERENCES

In the Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan region 1. Pierce FN, Metcalfe JW. The genitalia of (North-west) of J & K state of India twelve the group Tortricidae of the Lepidoptera of species belonging to six genera viz., the British Islands. Oundle. 1922;1:34. Choristoneura Lederer, Archips Hubner, 2. Common IFB. The genera of the Australian Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, Tortricidae I (Lepidoptera). Proc. Tenth Int. Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker of Congr. Entomology. 1956;1:289-295. tribe Archipini have been collected during 3. Horak M. Assessment of taxonomically present investigation. In this, the male significant structures in Tortricinae genitalia of only eleven species could be (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bulletin de la studied in which it has been observed Soci été Entomologique Suisse. 1984;57: that coremata is on eighth sternite, uncus with 3-64. hair brush below apex, valve with pulvinus, 4. Horak M. The Tortricidea. In: Handbook of sacculus sclerotized along ventral edge and Zoology, Lepidoptera, Moths and dorsal margin membranous. However, the Butterflies, V1: Evolution, Systematics and female genitalia of only nine species viz. Archips Biogeography (Ed. Kristensen, N.P.). cantinus Razowski, 2006, Archips naltarica Walter De Gruyter, Berlin, Hübner, J. Razowski, 2006, Choristoneura colyma (1817) Sammlung Europäischer Razowski, 2006, Choristoneura Schmetterlinge. Augsburg. Part VII, pseudofumiferana sp. nov., Clepsis rurinana Tortrices. 1999;57-124. (Linnaeus, 1758), Clepsis translucida (Meyrick, 5. Razowski J. The genera of Tortricidae 1908), Neocalyptis ladakhana Razowski, 2006, (Lepidoptera). Part I: Palaearctic Pandemis thomasi Razowski, 2006 and Chlidanotinae and Tortricinae. Acta Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861) could be Zoologica Cracoviensia. 1987;30(11):141- studied only and it has been noticed that 355. dagger shaped elongated signum and a 6. Razowski J. The catalogue of the species bulbous capitulum female genitalia is present of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part II: in all species. Further the reporting of two Palaearctic Sparganothini, Euliini, new species increased the number of Ramapesiini and Archipini. Acta Zoologica species under genus Choristoneura Lederer Cracoviensia. 1993;35(3):665-703. from four to five and genus Clepsis Guenee from 7. Jinbo U. Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini two to three in Kashmir zone of Jammu & (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricini) of Kashmir. Japan: Cladistic approach. TMU (Tokyo Metrop. University). Bulletin of Natural ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS History. 2000;4:33-75. 8. Brown JW, Baixeras J, Mitter C. Taxon: Authors are thankful to Division of entomology Tortricidae. Lep tree; 2011. SKUAST-Kashmir for giving necessary Available:Http://www.Leptree.net/lep_taxon permissions and constant support. Authors _page/Tortricidae/view express their sincere gratitude to overseas 9. Ganai M, Khan Z. Diversity of Tortricid tortricid moth experts like Dr. Joseph moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Razowski, Institute of Systematics and Evolution Kashmir division, Jammu & Kashmir, India. of , Poland, B. K Byun, T. K. Park Journal of Entomology and Zoology (Korea) and Dr. John W. Brown, USDA for Studies. 2017;5(4):678-692. their valuable publications, suggestions in 10. Common IFB. Lepidoptera (Moths and certain specific issues and cooperation in butterflies) in the insect of Australia, identification of the moth species. Thanks Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. are also due to Dr. V. V. Ramamurthy, 1970;1-866. Principal Scientist, Entomology, ICAR, New Delhi 11. Zimmerman EG. Microlepidoptera II: for his encouragement during the course of this Gelechioidea. In: Insects of Hawaii (Ed. study. E.G. Zimmerman). The University Press of Hawaii, Honelulu. 1978;9:883-1903. COMPETING INTERESTS 12. Robinson GS. The preparation of slides of Lepidoptera genitalia with special Authors have declared that no competing reference to Microlepidoptera. Entomo- interests exist. logist’s Gaz. 1976;27:127-132.

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13. Razowski J. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from 21. Nietner J. Observation of the enemies of Kashmir and Ladakh. Acta Zoologica the coffee tree in Ceylon. Ceylon. 1861;1- Cracoviensia. 2006;49(1-2):115-135. 31. 14. Lederer J. Classification der europäischen 22. Meyrick E. Descriptions of Indian Tortricinen. Wiener entomologische microlepidoptera, J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Monatschrift. 1859;3:118-126,141-155, 1910;20:143-163. 241-255,273-288,328-346,366-389. 23. Diakonoff A. The genera of Indo-Malayan 15. Razowski J. Comments of Choristoneura and Papuan Tortricidae. Zool. Meded. Lederer, 1859 and its species Leiden. 1939;21:111-240. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Shilap Revista de lepidopterología. 1992;20(77):7-28. 24. Whittle CP, Bellas TE, Horak M, Pinese 16. Brown JW. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). In: B. The sex pheromone and taxonomic world catalogue of insects (Ed. J.B. status of Homona spargotis Meyrick sp. Landry). Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 2005;1- rev., an Australian pest species of 741. the coffearia group (Lepidoptera: 17. Diakonoff A. Tortricidae. In: Lepidoptera Tortricidae: Tortricinae). Journal of

der Deutschen Nepal-Expedition 1955, Teil Australian Entomological Society. 1987; 2. Veroff. Zool. Staatssamml. München. 26:169-179. 1955;8:43-50,24-26. 25. Diakonoff A. Tortricoidea from Nepal, 2. 18. Razowski J. The oriental Cochylini Zool. Verh. Leiden, No 144.Horakm. 1999. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Ann. Zool. The Tortricoidea: 199-215. In: Lepidoptera, Warsz. 1984;38:243-253. moths and butterflies (Ed. N.P. 19. Xinpu W, Houhun L, Shuxia W. Study on Kristensen), volume 1: Evolution, the genus Clepsis Guenée, 1845 from Systematics, and Biogeography, W. De China (Tortricidae). Nota lepidoptera. Gruyter, Berlin-New York; 1976. 2003;26(1/2):47–57. 26. Razowski J. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from 20. Meyrick E. Descriptions of Indian South Africa. 6: Choristoneura Hubner and microlepidoptera, J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Procrica Diakonoff. Polish Journal of 1908;18:137-160. Entomology. 2008;77:245-254. ______© 2018 Ganai and Khan; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Peer-review history: The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/25264

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