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Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India

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Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India Annual Research & Review in Biology 27(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.ARRB.41606 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India Mushtaq Ganai1* and Zakir Khan1 1Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out collectively by both authors. Author MG collected the specimens, performed the laboratory work and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ZK selected the topic, performed the photography of specimens and helped in finalization of the draft of manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2018/41606 Editor(s): (1) Dr. George Perry, Dean and Professor of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA. Reviewers: (1) Hamit Ayberk, Istanbul University, Turkey. (2) Jeffrey Marcus, University of Manitoba, Canada. (3) Imam Widhiono, Jenderal Soedirman Univsersity, Indonesia. (4) Victor Wilson Botteon, University of São Paulo, Brazil. (5) Blas Lotina-Hennsen, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/25264 Received 5th April 2018 th Original Research Article Accepted 16 June 2018 Published 25th June 2018 ABSTRACT Aims: Taxonomy refers to assignment of name to an organism which provides the only key to all the information available about that species and its relatives. Careful and accurate identification and classification of organisms are of vital importance so that the extents of their harmful and beneficial properties are established. Since some of the members of tribe Archipini are pests of various crops, so this study was conducted with the aim to identify, describe, name and classify these species and also prepare illustrated diagnostic keys for their quick and authentic identification and efficient management. Study Design: Taxonomy of tribe Archipini. Place and Duration of Study: The collection of these tortricid moth specimens was done in districts Anantnag, Ganderbal, Kupwara, Kargil and Leh of J&K State during 2010-2012, while as _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Ganai and Khan; ARRB, 27(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.ARRB.41606 their processing was performed during 2014 in Biosystematics Laboratory, Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025. Methodology: For this study, intensive and extensive collection-cum-survey tours were conducted to capture tortricid moth species from far-flung localities of different areas of Kashmir and Ladakh from March 2010 to November 2012. Since these moths being nocturnal in behaviour, their collection was done during night with the help of portable bucket type light traps fitted with 125 W mercury vapour lamp and mercury vapour lamp hung along a white cloth sheet secured to a wall or directly over a plain white wall to protect wings and scales from damage due to overcrowding during trapping in bucket of light trap. These specimens after collection from field were processed in laboratory. For preparation of permanent slides for wing venation, method proposed by Common (1970) and advocated by Zimmerman (1978) was followed, while as for studying male and female genitalia, the method suggested by Robinson (1976) was followed with slight modification. Results: Twelve Tortricid moth species belonging to six genera viz., Choristoneura Lederer, Archips Hubner, Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker of tribe Archipini and sub-family Tortricinae were collected from Kashmir Himalaya and dealt with taxonomically. Overall, two species viz., Choristoneura pseudofumiferana and Clepsis kupwari are being reported as new to science. Besides, giving an illustrated account of new species, the taxonomic account of already known species has also been added to improve their diagnosis. Further, key to the presently examined species of all genera has been prepared on the basis of characters such as labial palpi, antennae, costal fold, anal fold, wing venation and male and female genitalic characteristics. Conclusion: In the Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan region (North-west) of J & K state of India twelve species belonging to six genera viz., Choristoneura Lederer, Archips Hubner, Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker of tribe Archipini have been collected during present investigation, out of which two species viz., Choristoneura pseudofumiferana and Clepsis kupwari are being reported as new to science. Further the reporting of two new species increased the number of species under genus Choristoneura Lederer from four to five and genus Clepsis Guenee from two to three in Kashmir zone of Jammu & Kashmir. Keywords: Choristoneura; Clepsis; fauna; leaf roller; Neocalyptis; Pandemis; Tortricid moth. 1. INTRODUCTION Archipini to date, based on morphology of the Japanese species, and found Ramapesiini to be Archipini were initially recognized by Pierce and paraphyletic to a monophyletic Archipini. Metcalfe [1] based on the presence of an According to Brown [8] Archipini is the largest elongated signum and a bulbous capitulum in the tribe within the Tortricinae, with more than 1,600 female genitalia, however, several of the taxa described species in 150 genera. Its members placed in the tribe by them lacked this character are present in all regions but are uncommon in and the circumscription of the group was based the neotropics. Most are polyphagous leafrollers, solely on the British fauna. Common [2] and this tribe contains many pests, such as the subsequently had difficulty applying Pierce and light brown apple moth (Epiphyas Metcalfe tribal arrangement to the Australian postvittana Walker). A synapomorphy for the tortricids, which led him to broaden Archipini to group is the dagger-shaped signum in the female include several additional taxa lacking the corpus bursae. Following this characterisation, signum and/or capitulum. Horak [3,4] postulated the material collected from Kashmir Himalaya that Common’s concept of Archipini was have been found to belong Twelve species of six polyphyletic and divided the tribe into three genera viz., Choristoneura Lederer, Archips groups typified by Archips, Clepsis, and Hubner, Pandemis Hubner, Clepsis Guenee, Planotortrix. Razowski [5] briefly expanded the Neocalyptis Diakonoff and Homona Walker tribe to include the tribe Euliini but then removed belonging to tribe Archipini and sub-family the latter, as well as transferring taxa with a well Tortricinae. Further the authors acknowledge that sclerotized costa of\ the valve of the male they mistakenly mentioned the new reported genitalia into a new tribe, Ramapesiini [6]. Jinbo species in their earlier diversity related published [7] conducted the only phylogenetic analysis of manuscript (Ganai & Khan [9]) first, but they now 2 Ganai and Khan; ARRB, 27(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.ARRB.41606 want to clarify that they wish to establish that the achieve this important objective, an exhaustive current work contains the formal description of search of Biological Abstracts, Entomological these new species. Abstracts, Zoological Records, and Net surfing led to the collection of large number of 2. METHODOLOGY references and procurement of research papers. A communication channel was also established For this study, intensive and extensive collection- with the eminent taxonomists currently working cum-survey tours were conducted to capture on family Tortricidae around the globe. The different tortricid moth species in five districts viz. identification was confirmed by sending adult, Anantnag, Ganderbal, Kupwara, Kargil and Leh wing and genitalia photographs to these tortricid based on their accessibility, differing elevation, experts for examination and validation of and habitat type from March 2010 to November species. The photography of adult moths, fore 2012. Since Tortricid moths being nocturnal in and hind wings, external male and female behaviour, their collection was done during night genitalic structures was done at the same scale with the help of portable bucket type light traps of magnification with the help of digital camera fitted with 125 W mercury vapour lamp and attached to Stereo zoom Olympus microscope mercury vapour lamp hung along a white cloth and specimens are deposited in the insect sheet secured to a wall or directly over a plain collection of the museum of bio-systematic white wall to protect wings and scales from laboratory in the Division of Entomology, damage due to overcrowding during trapping in SKUAST-K, Shalimar campus, Srinagar. bucket of light trap. In this method specimen tubes with a piece of cotton soaked in benzene 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and a piece of blotting paper placed over it, were used for trapping and killing the moths. Also The members of tribe Archipini have forewing chargeable electric lamp was also used for with costal fold in males, chorda rarely present. collection purpose in some areas where Male genitalia always with coremata on eighth electricity supply was not available. The sternite; uncus with hair brush below apex; valve surveyed areas included both plains and hilly with pulvinus; sacculus sclerotized along ventral places and elevation extremes
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