DOCSLIB.ORG

Sex Pheromone Components in the New Zealand Greenheaded Leafroller Planotortrix Excessana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sex Pheromone Components in the New Zealand Greenheaded Leafroller Planotortrix Excessana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) R Sex Pheromone Components in the New Zealand Greenheaded Leafroller Planotortrix excessana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) R. A. Galbreath Entomology Division, D.S.I.R., Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand M. H. Benn Chemistry Department, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, on leave at Entomology Divi­ sion, D.S.I.R. H. Young Horticulture and Processing Division, D.S.I.R., Auckland, New Zealand V. A. Holt Entomology Division, D.S.I.R., Auckland, New Zealand Z. Naturforsch. 40 c, 266-271 (1985); received October 30, 1984 Sex Pheromone, Tetradecenyl Acetates, Planotortrix excessana, Tortricidae, Sibling Species Planotortrix excessana was found to include moths of two distinct pheromone-types which were not mutually attractive. Tetradecyl acetate and (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate were identified as pheromone components in one, and two other tetradecenyl acetates, probably (Z)-5- and (Z)-7- tetradecenyl acetate, in the other. By contrast with other pheromones reported from the tribe Archipini, A 11-tetradecenyl compounds were not found in either pheromone-type. Introduction locally available host plant, Acmena smithii (Poiret), The greenheaded leafroller, Planotortrix exces­ in place of alfalfa leaf meal. Pupae were removed, sana (Walker), along with the brownheaded leaf­ sexed, and separated accordingly. Pheromone ex­ roller Ctenopseustis obliquana (Walker) and the tract was collected from virgin female moths as light-brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) previously described [4], Male moths were main­ are predominant among the complex of leafroller tained separately under a natural light cycle until pests of horticulture in New Zealand. All three required for bioassay. moths are classified in the Tortricidae, subfamily Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of antennae Tortricinae, tribe Archipini [1]. Sex pheromone of male moths were determined by the method of components have been identified in the Australian Roelofs [5] with standards presented as previously E. postvittana [2]. We have examined the other two described [4]. A field cage bioassay, following that species, which are endemic to New Zealand, and of Tamaki et al. [6] was also used. In this bioassay here describe the identification of pheromone com­ the pheromonal activity of fractions was determined ponents in P. excessana and give evidence for a by captures of released male moths in traps con­ second pheromone-type within the species as cur­ taining the fractions. Test fractions in pentane solu­ rently defined. tion were spotted on filter paper strips which were placed in sticky traps (Pherocon IC; Zoecon Corp., USA) hung 1 m above the ground in a 7 x 10x2m Materials and Methods field cage. The amount of extract or fraction per A colony of P. excessana was established from trap was 20 female-equivalents. Male moths were moths collected at Auckland. They were reared in­ released in the cage each evening shortly before dividually on a diet similar to that of Roelofs and dusk, just prior to their normal period of activity. Feng [3], substituting dried and powdered leaf of a Counts of moths trapped were made the next morn­ ing. Synthetic materials were tested either on filter Reprint requests to R. A. Galbreath. paper in the same way as extracts, or applied in 0341-0382/85/0300-0266 $01.30/0 pentane solution to 5 mm sleeve-type rubber caps Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung This work has been digitalized and published in 2013 by Verlag Zeitschrift in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz. 4.0 International License. R. A G albreath et al. ■ Sex Pheromone Components in the New Zealand Greenheaded Leafroller 267 (1780-B10, Arthur H. Thomas Co., USA), which had been kept at 40 °C overnight it was washed were used for the duration of the test. with aqueous Na2S20 3 (50 (il), centrifuged, and the Materials on filter paper were replaced nightly. aqueous layer carefully removed. The pentane solu­ Field tests of synthetic materials used rubber caps tion so obtained was evaporated to dryness under a in sticky traps hung 1.5 m above the ground and gentle stream of nitrogen. Hexane (2 nl) was added 15 m or more apart in areas infested with P. exces- to give a solution that was analyzed by GC-MS sana. The trap positions were rotated weekly when using a DB-1 bonded phase WCOT column (30 m x the catches were recorded. For statistical compar­ 0.3 mm fused silica, J & W Scientific Inc., USA). ison trap catches were transformed to ]/(/ + 1/2) and The MS was scanned continuously and the spectra differences between means tested by analysis of stored on disc and later searched for the molecular variance (with fractions, replicates and successive and major fragment ions expected for derivatized night’s catches treated as separate factors) and alkenyl acetates. Duncan’s new multiple range test. In the tables, the means listed are of untransformed catches. Results Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in­ strumentation and procedures were as previously In initial tests, traps containing either virgin described [4], Female tip extract was fractionated by female moths or abdominal tip extracts both caught preparative GC using OV-1 (3% on Chromosorb male P. excessana. The abdominal tip extract was W-HMDS 100/120 mesh in a 2 m x 5.3 mm ID stain­ then subjected to preparative GC on OV-1, collect­ less steel column), with 10% of the effluent split to ing successive 1 min fractions over a time-span en­ the detector and 90% to the collector port [4], Under compassing Rt s of simple alkyl compounds up to the operating conditions used the retention times about C20 chain length. These fractions were then (R T) of dodecyl, tetradecyl, and hexadecyl acetates screened using the EAG response of a male an­ were 4.7 min, 7 min, and 9.5 min respectively. Col­ tenna. Maximal response was obtained for the lections were made from 3 to 6 min (A), 6 to 8.5 min fraction corresponding to the Rr s of tetradecyl/ (B) and 8.5 to 11 min (C). tetradecenyl acetates (14: Ac, U 14: Ac). Female abdominal tip extract was also fraction­ When female abdominal tip extract was frac­ ated by column chromatography on Florisil [7], tionated by column chromatography on Florisil only Some fractions were saponified by 10% KOH in the “esters” fraction, eluted with 5% diethyl ether/ 80% ethanol/water overnight, or acetylated by acetic pentane, was active in the field-cage bioassay anhydride and pyridine. Preparative thin layer (Table I (a)). Furthermore, saponification of the chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel “esters” fraction destroyed its activity, which was G impregnated with silver nitrate (30% w/w) and then restored by acetylation (Table 1(b)), in accord the plates developed with benzene. Zones cor­ with the principal pheromone components being responding to the alkyl, £-alkenyl, Z-alkenyl and acetates. When the “esters” fraction was further alkadienyl acetates were located by running refer­ fractionated by silica gel/silver nitrate TLC, only ence substances in the margins of the plate and the Z-alkenyl acetate fraction was active in the field locating these with a fluorescein spray. cage bioassay (Table 1(c)), and this activity was not Double bond location was determined by a proce­ significantly increased by recombining it with the dure based on that of Francis and Veland [8] as saturated, £-alkenyl and alkadienyl acetate fractions modified by Buser et al. [9], involving bis-thiome- (Table 1(d)). thylation of the alkenyl acetates with dimethyl di- When tip extract was fractionated by preparative sulphidc in the presence of iodine. Female tip- GC on OV-1 a major signal was observed with Rr extract w'as first fractionated by preparative GC on matching tetradecyl/tetradecenyl acetates, and upon OV-1 as described above. Derivatization was then field-cage bioassay only fraction B, incorporating carried out in a 100 |il conical reaction vial. A pen- this region, was active (Table 1(e)). This activity tane solution of the relevant fraction was evaporated was not significantly increased by any recombina­ to about 20 (il and then treated with dimethyl di­ tion of fractions (Tables 1(e) and (f)). On the other sulphide (1 |il) and a solution of iodine in diethyl hand, fraction B or combinations with it were ether (60 mg ml“ 1, 3 |il). After this reaction mixture significantly more active than crude tip extract, 268 R. A. G albreath et al. • Sex Pheromone Components in the New Zealand Greenheaded Leafroller Table I. Field cage bioassays: catches of male P. excessana (corresponding to CH 3 CO 2 H 2 species formed from in traps containing fractions of female abdominal tip acetates), and m /z 196 and 194 (corresponding to extract (20 female equivalents per trap): (a) fractionation by Florisil chromatography (2 replicates; 130 moths re­ M-60 fragment ions from 14: Ac and U14:Ac re­ leased, 100 trapped); (b) saponification and acetylation of spectively). Tip extract was fractionated by prep­ active fraction from (a) (2 replicates; 130 moths released, 93 trapped); (c) fractionation by silica gel/silver nitrate arative GC on OV- 1 as above and the combined TLC (2 replicates; 100 moths released, 73 trapped); fractions A, B and C subjected to GC-MS analysis (d) recombinations of silver nitrate TLC fractions (4 re­ on a Carbowax 20M SCOT column. Strong signals plicates; 160 moths released, 56 trapped); (e) fractionation by GLC on OV-1 (2 replicates; 150 moths released, were detected with RT's corresponding to 14: Ac 137 trapped); (f) recombinations of GLC fractions (2 re­ (m /z 61 and 196 channels) and a U14:Ac (m /z 61 plicates, 350 moths released, 316 trapped).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Basis of Pheromonogenesis Regulation in Moths
    Chapter 8 Molecular Basis of Pheromonogenesis Regulation in Moths J. Joe Hull and Adrien Fónagy Abstract Sexual communication among the vast majority of moths typically involves the synthesis and release of species-specifc, multicomponent blends of sex pheromones (types of insect semiochemicals) by females. These compounds are then interpreted by conspecifc males as olfactory cues regarding female reproduc- tive readiness and assist in pinpointing the spatial location of emitting females. Studies by multiple groups using different model systems have shown that most sex pheromones are synthesized de novo from acetyl-CoA by functionally specialized cells that comprise the pheromone gland. Although signifcant progress was made in identifying pheromone components and elucidating their biosynthetic pathways, it wasn’t until the advent of modern molecular approaches and the increased avail- ability of genetic resources that a more complete understanding of the molecular basis underlying pheromonogenesis was developed. Pheromonogenesis is regulated by a neuropeptide termed Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN) that acts on a G protein-coupled receptor expressed at the surface of phero- mone gland cells. Activation of the PBAN receptor (PBANR) triggers a signal trans- duction cascade that utilizes an infux of extracellular Ca2+ to drive the concerted action of multiple enzymatic steps (i.e. chain-shortening, desaturation, and fatty acyl reduction) that generate the multicomponent pheromone blends specifc to each species. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of moth sex pheromones before expanding on the molecular mechanisms regulating pheromonogenesis, and con- clude by highlighting recent developments in the literature that disrupt/exploit this critical pathway. J. J. Hull (*) USDA-ARS, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA e-mail: [email protected] A.
    [Show full text]
  • Stable Isotope Methods in Biological and Ecological Studies of Arthropods
    eea_572.fm Page 3 Tuesday, June 12, 2007 4:17 PM DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00572.x Blackwell Publishing Ltd MINI REVIEW Stable isotope methods in biological and ecological studies of arthropods CORE Rebecca Hood-Nowotny1* & Bart G. J. Knols1,2 Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Wageningen University & Research Publications 1International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Agency’s Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria, 2Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands Accepted: 13 February 2007 Key words: marking, labelling, enrichment, natural abundance, resource turnover, 13-carbon, 15-nitrogen, 18-oxygen, deuterium, mass spectrometry Abstract This is an eclectic review and analysis of contemporary and promising stable isotope methodologies to study the biology and ecology of arthropods. It is augmented with literature from other disciplines, indicative of the potential for knowledge transfer. It is demonstrated that stable isotopes can be used to understand fundamental processes in the biology and ecology of arthropods, which range from nutrition and resource allocation to dispersal, food-web structure, predation, etc. It is concluded that falling costs and reduced complexity of isotope analysis, besides the emergence of new analytical methods, are likely to improve access to isotope technology for arthropod studies still further. Stable isotopes pose no environmental threat and do not change the chemistry or biology of the target organism or system. These therefore represent ideal tracers for field and ecophysiological studies, thereby avoiding reductionist experimentation and encouraging more holistic approaches. Con- sidering (i) the ease with which insects and other arthropods can be marked, (ii) minimal impact of the label on their behaviour, physiology, and ecology, and (iii) environmental safety, we advocate more widespread application of stable isotope technology in arthropod studies and present a variety of potential uses.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest
    INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and Evolutionary Correlates of Novel Secondary Sexual Structures
    Zootaxa 3729 (1): 001–062 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3729.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA0C1355-FF3E-4C67-8F48-544B2166AF2A ZOOTAXA 3729 Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures JASON J. DOMBROSKIE1,2,3 & FELIX A. H. SPERLING2 1Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY, USA, 14853-2601. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E9 3Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Brown: 2 Sept. 2013; published: 25 Oct. 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 JASON J. DOMBROSKIE & FELIX A. H. SPERLING Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures (Zootaxa 3729) 62 pp.; 30 cm. 25 Oct. 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-288-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-289-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press 2 · Zootaxa 3729 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press DOMBROSKIE & SPERLING Table of contents Abstract . 3 Material and methods . 6 Results . 18 Discussion . 23 Conclusions . 33 Acknowledgements . 33 Literature cited . 34 APPENDIX 1. 38 APPENDIX 2. 44 Additional References for Appendices 1 & 2 . 49 APPENDIX 3. 51 APPENDIX 4. 52 APPENDIX 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies for the Eradication Or Control of Gypsy Moth in New Zealand
    Strategies for the eradication or control of gypsy moth in New Zealand Travis R. Glare1, Patrick J. Walsh2*, Malcolm Kay3 and Nigel D. Barlow1 1 AgResearch, PO Box 60, Lincoln, New Zealand 2 Forest Research Associates, Rotorua (*current address Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Republic of Ireland) 3Forest Research, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua Efforts to remove gypsy moth from an elm, Malden, MA, circa 1891 May 2003 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The aim of the report is to provide background information that can contribute to developing strategies for control of gypsy moth. This is not a contingency plan, but a document summarising the data collected over a two year FRST-funded programme on biological control options for gypsy moth relevant to New Zealand, completed in 1998 and subsequent research on palatability of New Zealand flora to gypsy moth. It is mainly aimed at discussing control options. It should assist with rapidly developing a contingency plan for gypsy moth in the case of pest incursion. Abbreviations GM gypsy moth AGM Asian gypsy moth NAGM North America gypsy moth EGM European gypsy moth Bt Bacillus thuringiensis Btk Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki MAF New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MOF New Zealand Ministry of Forestry (defunct, now part of MAF) NPV nucleopolyhedrovirus LdNPV Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus NZ New Zealand PAM Painted apple moth, Teia anartoides FR Forest Research PIB Polyhedral inclusion bodies Strategies for Asian gypsy moth eradication or control in New Zealand page 2 SUMMARY Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), poses a major threat to New Zealand forests. It is known to attack over 500 plant species and has caused massive damage to forests in many countries in the northern hemisphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Epiphyas Postvittana (Light Brown Apple Moth) Page 1 of 22
    Crop Protection Compendium report - Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth) Page 1 of 22 Crop Protection Compendium Selected sections for: Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth) Identity Taxonomic Tree Summary of Invasiveness Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Description Distribution Distribution Table History of Introduction and Spread Habitat Habitat List Hosts/Species Affected Host Plants and Other Plants Affected Growth Stages Symptoms List of Symptoms/Signs Biology and Ecology Air Temperature Means of Movement and Dispersal Pathway Vectors Plant Trade Notes on Natural Enemies Natural enemies Impact Summary Impact: Economic Risk and Impact Factors Uses List Diagnosis Detection and Inspection Similarities to Other Species/Conditions Prevention and Control References Contributors Images Datasheet Type(s): Pest Identity Preferred Scientific Name Epiphyas postvittana Walker Preferred Common Name light brown apple moth Other Scientific Names Archips postvittanus Walker Austrotortrix postvittana Walker Cacoecia postvittana Walker Teras postvittana Walker Tortrix postvittana Walker International Common Names English apple leafroller, Australian leafroller, light-brown apple moth French pyrale brun pâle de la pomme EPPO code TORTPO (Epiphyas postvittana) Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Uniramia Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Tortricidae Genus: Epiphyas Species: Epiphyas postvittana Summary of Invasiveness http://www.cabi.org/cpc/DatasheetDetailsReports.aspx?&iSectionId=110*0/141*0/23*0/122*0/103*0/1... 10/13/2011 Crop Protection Compendium report - Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth) Page 2 of 22 E. postvittana is a small, bell-shaped moth, whose caterpillars feed on a very wide range of plants. The eggs, larvae and pupae can be associated with plant material and readily transported.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 41 (2011) 715E722
    Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 41 (2011) 715e722 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ibmb Terminal fatty-acyl-CoA desaturase involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis in the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) Bao-Jian Ding a,*, Marjorie A. Liénard a, Hong-Lei Wang a, Cheng-Hua Zhao b, Christer Löfstedt a a Functional Zoology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden b State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080 Beijing, China article info abstract Article history: The winter moth (Operophtera brumata L., Lepidoptera: Geometridae) utilizes a single hydrocarbon, Received 1 April 2011 1,Z3,Z6,Z9-nonadecatetraene, as its sex pheromone. We tested the hypothesis that a fatty acid precursor, Received in revised form Z11,Z14,Z17,19-nonadecanoic acid, is biosynthesized from a-linolenic acid, through chain elongation by 16 May 2011 one 2-carbon unit, and subsequent methyl-terminus desaturation. Our results show that labeled a- Accepted 16 May 2011 linolenic acid is indeed incorporated into the pheromone component in vivo. A fatty-acyl-CoA desaturase gene that we found to be expressed in the abdominal epidermal tissue, the presumed site of biosynthesis Keywords: for type II pheromones, was characterized and expressed heterologously in a yeast system. The trans- Methyl-terminus desaturase In vivo labeling genic yeast expressing this insect derived gene could convert Z11,Z14,Z17-eicosatrienoic acid into Yeast expression Z11,Z14,Z17,19-eicosatetraenoic acid. These results provide evidence that a terminal desaturation step is Epidermal tissue involved in the winter moth pheromone biosynthesis, prior to the decarboxylation.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota's Top 124 Terrestrial Invasive Plants and Pests
    Photo by RichardhdWebbWebb 0LQQHVRWD V7RS 7HUUHVWULDO,QYDVLYH 3ODQWVDQG3HVWV 3ULRULWLHVIRU5HVHDUFK Sciencebased solutions to protect Minnesota’s prairies, forests, wetlands, and agricultural resources Contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Prioritization Panel members ....................................................................................................... 4 III. Seventeen criteria, and their relative importance, to assess the threat a terrestrial invasive species poses to Minnesota ...................................................................................................................... 5 IV. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive insects ................................................................................. 6 V. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive plant pathogens .................................................................. 7 VI. Prioritized list of plants (weeds) ................................................................................................... 8 VII. Terrestrial invasive insects (alphabetically by common name): criteria ratings to determine threat to Minnesota. .................................................................................................................................... 9 VIII. Terrestrial invasive pathogens (alphabetically by disease among bacteria, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, parasitic plants, and viruses): criteria ratings
    [Show full text]
  • Pest Management of the New Zealand Flower Thrips on Stonefruit in Canterbury in Relation to Previous Research and Knowledge Gained from the Research in This Study
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. PEST MANAGEMENT OF THE NEW ZEALAND FLOWER THRIPS THRIPS OBSCURATUS (CRAWFORD) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON STONEFRUIT IN CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND. A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY D. A. J. TEULON LINCOLN COLLEGE 1988 DEDICATED TO JOHN FRANCIS BRUGES 1957-1987 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. PEST MANAGEMENT OF THE NEW ZEALAND FLOWER THRIPS THRIPS OBSCURATUS (CRAWFORD) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON STONEFRUIT IN CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND. by D.AJ. TEULON The New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus (Crawford» is an important pest of stonefruit during flowering and at harvest in New Zealand. The biology and control of this species fonned the basis for this study. A simple method for laboratory rearing is described that facilitated studies on the bionomics of T. obscuratus. Aspects of reproduction, fecundity, requirements for oviposition and development, development rates, temperature thresholds, thennal constants, and lifespan are detailed. T. obscuratus has been reported from at least 223 eqdemic and introduced plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Hylobius Abietis
    On the cover: Stand of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in Ottawa National Forest, Michigan. The image was modified from a photograph taken by Joseph O’Brien, USDA Forest Service. Inset: Cone from red pine (Pinus resinosa). The image was modified from a photograph taken by Paul Wray, Iowa State University. Both photographs were provided by Forestry Images (www.forestryimages.org). Edited by: R.C. Venette Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN The authors gratefully acknowledge partial funding provided by USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology. Contributing authors E.M. Albrecht, E.E. Davis, and A.J. Walter are with the Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................2 ARTHROPODS: BEETLES..................................................................................4 Chlorophorus strobilicola ...............................................................................5 Dendroctonus micans ...................................................................................11 Hylobius abietis .............................................................................................22 Hylurgops palliatus........................................................................................36 Hylurgus ligniperda .......................................................................................46
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India
    Annual Research & Review in Biology 27(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.ARRB.41606 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India Mushtaq Ganai1* and Zakir Khan1 1Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out collectively by both authors. Author MG collected the specimens, performed the laboratory work and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ZK selected the topic, performed the photography of specimens and helped in finalization of the draft of manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2018/41606 Editor(s): (1) Dr. George Perry, Dean and Professor of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA. Reviewers: (1) Hamit Ayberk, Istanbul University, Turkey. (2) Jeffrey Marcus, University of Manitoba, Canada. (3) Imam Widhiono, Jenderal Soedirman Univsersity, Indonesia. (4) Victor Wilson Botteon, University of São Paulo, Brazil. (5) Blas Lotina-Hennsen, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/25264 Received 5th April 2018 th Original Research Article Accepted 16 June 2018 Published 25th June 2018 ABSTRACT Aims: Taxonomy refers to assignment of name to an organism which provides the only key to all the information available about that species and its relatives. Careful and accurate identification and classification of organisms are of vital importance so that the extents of their harmful and beneficial properties are established. Since some of the members of tribe Archipini are pests of various crops, so this study was conducted with the aim to identify, describe, name and classify these species and also prepare illustrated diagnostic keys for their quick and authentic identification and efficient management.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on APPLES – Fruit Pathway and Alert List
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 5 - REPORT on APPLES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Steffen K, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/107o25ccc1b2c DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on apple .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Data on production and trade of apple fruit ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathway ‘apple fruit’ .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]