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The Microlepidopterous Fauna of Sri Lanka, Formerly Ceylon, Is Famous
ON A COLLECTION OF SOME FAMILIES OF MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA FROM SRI LANKA (CEYLON) by A. DIAKONOFF Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden With 65 text-figures and 18 plates CONTENTS Preface 3 Cochylidae 5 Tortricidae, Olethreutinae, Grapholitini 8 „ „ Eucosmini 23 „ „ Olethreutini 66 „ Chlidanotinae, Chlidanotini 78 „ „ Polyorthini 79 „ „ Hilarographini 81 „ „ Phricanthini 81 „ Tortricinae, Tortricini 83 „ „ Archipini 95 Brachodidae 98 Choreutidae 102 Carposinidae 103 Glyphipterigidae 108 A list of identified species no A list of collecting localities 114 Index of insect names 117 Index of latin plant names 122 PREFACE The microlepidopterous fauna of Sri Lanka, formerly Ceylon, is famous for its richness and variety, due, without doubt, to the diversified biotopes and landscapes of this beautiful island. In spite of this, there does not exist a survey of its fauna — except a single contribution, by Lord Walsingham, in Moore's "Lepidoptera of Ceylon", already almost a hundred years old, and a number of small papers and stray descriptions of new species, in various journals. The authors of these papers were Walker, Zeller, Lord Walsingham and a few other classics — until, starting with 1905, a flood of new descriptions 4 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN I93 (1982) and records from India and Ceylon appeared, all by the hand of Edward Meyrick. He was almost the single specialist of these faunas, until his death in 1938. To this great Lepidopterist we chiefly owe our knowledge of all groups of Microlepidoptera of Sri Lanka. After his death this information stopped abruptly. In the later years great changes have taken place in the tropical countries. We are now facing, alas, the disastrously quick destruction of natural bio- topes, especially by the reckless liquidation of the tropical forests. -
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and Evolutionary Correlates of Novel Secondary Sexual Structures
Zootaxa 3729 (1): 001–062 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3729.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA0C1355-FF3E-4C67-8F48-544B2166AF2A ZOOTAXA 3729 Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures JASON J. DOMBROSKIE1,2,3 & FELIX A. H. SPERLING2 1Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY, USA, 14853-2601. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E9 3Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Brown: 2 Sept. 2013; published: 25 Oct. 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 JASON J. DOMBROSKIE & FELIX A. H. SPERLING Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures (Zootaxa 3729) 62 pp.; 30 cm. 25 Oct. 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-288-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-289-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press 2 · Zootaxa 3729 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press DOMBROSKIE & SPERLING Table of contents Abstract . 3 Material and methods . 6 Results . 18 Discussion . 23 Conclusions . 33 Acknowledgements . 33 Literature cited . 34 APPENDIX 1. 38 APPENDIX 2. 44 Additional References for Appendices 1 & 2 . 49 APPENDIX 3. 51 APPENDIX 4. 52 APPENDIX 5. -
その他の昆虫類 Other Miscellaneous Insects 高橋和弘 1) Kazuhiro Takahashi
丹沢大山総合調査学術報告書 丹沢大山動植物目録 (2007) その他の昆虫類 Other Miscellaneous Insects 高橋和弘 1) Kazuhiro Takahashi 要 約 今回の目録に示した各目ごとの種数は, 次のとおりである. カマアシムシ目 10 種 ナナフシ目 5 種 ヘビトンボ目 3 種 トビムシ目 19 種 ハサミムシ目 5 種 ラクダムシ目 2 種 イシノミ目 1 種 カマキリ目 3 種 アミメカゲロウ目 55 種 カゲロウ目 61 種 ゴキブリ目 4 種 シリアゲムシ目 13 種 トンボ目 62 種 シロアリ目 1 種 チョウ目 (ガ類) 1756 種 カワゲラ目 52 種 チャタテムシ目 11 種 トビケラ目 110 種 ガロアムシ目 1 種 カメムシ目 (異翅亜目除く) 501 種 バッタ目 113 種 アザミウマ目 19 種 凡 例 清川村丹沢山 (Imadate & Nakamura, 1989) . 1. 本報では、 カゲロウ目を石綿進一、 カワゲラ目を石塚 新、 トビ ミヤマカマアシムシ Yamatentomon fujisanum Imadate ケラ目を野崎隆夫が執筆し、 他の丹沢大山総合調査報告書生 清川村丹沢堂平 (Imadate, 1994) . 物目録の昆虫部門の中で諸般の事情により執筆者がいない分類 群について,既存の文献から,データを引用し、著者がまとめた。 文 献 特に重点的に参照した文献は 『神奈川県昆虫誌』(神奈川昆虫 Imadate, G., 1974. Protura Fauna Japonica. 351pp., Keigaku Publ. 談話会編 , 2004)※である. Co., Tokyo. ※神奈川昆虫談話会編 , 2004. 神奈川県昆虫誌 . 1438pp. 神 Imadate, G., 1993. Contribution towards a revision of the Proturan 奈川昆虫談話会 , 小田原 . Fauna of Japan (VIII) Further collecting records from northern 2. 各分類群の記述は, 各目ごとに分け, 引用文献もその目に関 and eastern Japan. Bulletin of the Department of General するものは, その末尾に示した. Education Tokyo Medical and Dental University, (23): 31-65. 2. 地名については, 原則として引用した文献に記されている地名 Imadate, G., 1994. Contribution towards a revision of the Proturan とした. しがって, 同一地点の地名であっても文献によっては異 Fauna of Japan (IX) Collecting data of acerentomid and なった表現となっている場合があるので, 注意していただきたい. sinentomid species in the Japanese Islands. Bulletin of the Department of General Education Tokyo Medical and Dental カマアシムシ目 Protura University, (24): 45-70. カマアシムシ科 Eosentomidae Imadate, G. & O. Nakamura, 1989. Contribution towards a revision アサヒカマアシムシ Eosentomon asahi Imadate of the Proturan Fauna of Japan (IV) New collecting records 山 北 町 高 松 山 (Imadate, 1974) ; 清 川 村 宮 ヶ 瀬 (Imadate, from the eastern part of Honshu. -
Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India
Annual Research & Review in Biology 27(2): 1-16, 2018; Article no.ARRB.41606 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe- Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India Mushtaq Ganai1* and Zakir Khan1 1Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out collectively by both authors. Author MG collected the specimens, performed the laboratory work and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ZK selected the topic, performed the photography of specimens and helped in finalization of the draft of manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2018/41606 Editor(s): (1) Dr. George Perry, Dean and Professor of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA. Reviewers: (1) Hamit Ayberk, Istanbul University, Turkey. (2) Jeffrey Marcus, University of Manitoba, Canada. (3) Imam Widhiono, Jenderal Soedirman Univsersity, Indonesia. (4) Victor Wilson Botteon, University of São Paulo, Brazil. (5) Blas Lotina-Hennsen, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/25264 Received 5th April 2018 th Original Research Article Accepted 16 June 2018 Published 25th June 2018 ABSTRACT Aims: Taxonomy refers to assignment of name to an organism which provides the only key to all the information available about that species and its relatives. Careful and accurate identification and classification of organisms are of vital importance so that the extents of their harmful and beneficial properties are established. Since some of the members of tribe Archipini are pests of various crops, so this study was conducted with the aim to identify, describe, name and classify these species and also prepare illustrated diagnostic keys for their quick and authentic identification and efficient management. -
The Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of Bhutan
Zootaxa 4658 (3): 526–540 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4658.3.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:664EEF6E-ABD3-4DFB-B0B8-12AC082FE0E0 The Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of Bhutan FRANS GROENEN1 & KARMA WANGDI2 1Kastanjedreef 7, 5571 AE Bergeijk, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 2Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environment, Lamai Goempa Dzong, P.O. Box 155, Bumthang, Bhutan Abstract Twenty-five species of Tortricidae from Bhutan are discussed, 14 of which are recorded for the first time: Acleris perfundana Kuznetsov, 1962, Archips limatus Razowski, 1977, Chirapsina expleta (Meyrick, 1923), Clepsis humana (Meyrick, 1912), Adoxophyes privatana (Walker, 1863), Lumaria probolias (Meyrick, 1907), Meridemis bathymorpha Diakonoff, 1976, Isodemis illiberalis Meyrick, 1918, Lobesia ambigua Diakonoff, 1954, Metendothenia ordospina Jirasuttayaporn & Pinkeaw, 2018, Gibberifera glaciata (Meyrick, 1907), Crocidosema plebejana Zeller, 1847, Lepteucosma charassuncus Razowski, 2006, and Microsarotis bicincta Diakonoff, 1976. Females of Chirapsina expleta and Epiblema charadrias Diakonoff, 1977 are described and illustrated for the first time. Nine new species are described: Eupoecilia jakarana, sp. nov., E. gedui, sp. nov., Lumaria phuntschona, sp. nov., Borneogena trashiyana, sp. nov., Bactra cophinana, sp. nov., Penthostola subnigrantis, sp. nov., M. brunnofasciana, sp. nov., Peridaedala nigrifasciana, sp. nov., and Epiblema albulusana, sp. nov. Adults and their genitalia are illustrated. Key words: Palaearctic, Oriental, new species, new records Introduction The Tortricidae fauna of Bhutan is poorly known, with Diakonoff (1977) the only contribution that specifically deals with the family in Bhutan. -
Diagnoses and Remarks on the Genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)
Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 58(2): 195-252, Kraków, 31 December, 2015 Ó Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Pol. Acad. Sci., Kraków doi:10.3409/azc.58_2.195 DiagnosesandremarksonthegeneraofTortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part3.Archipini JózefRAZOWSKI Received:15July2015.Accepted:21December2015.Availableonline:31December2015. RAZOWSKI J. 2015. Diagnoses and remarks on the genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part3.Archipini. Actazool.cracov., 58(2): 195-252. Abstract. Comparative diagnoses, redescriptions, and remarks are presented on the genera of the tribe Archipini. Original references, type species, synonyms, numbers of known species, and zoogeographic regions are provided. Merophyas COMMON, 1964, is synoni- mizedwith Clepsis GUENÉE,1845. Keywords:Lepidoptera,Tortricidae,Archipini,genera,comparativediagnoses. Józef RAZOWSKI, Insitute of the Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy * ofSciences, S³awkowska17, 31-016Kraków,Poland. E-mail:[email protected] I.INTRODUCTION The number of genera of Tortricidae has increased dramatically over last 50 years; by 2007 there were over 1630 described genera, including synonyms. Many of the older de- scriptions are scattered throughout the literature, and because there are few larger synthetic treatments of the tortricids for most major biogeographic regions, this large number of taxa complicates considerably the work of taxonomists on the faunas of poorly known regions of the planet. In addition, characters that define many of the genera are not clearly articu- lated. The distribution of many genera is still insufficiently known, and this shortcoming frequently results in unexpected findings, e.g., the discovery of Afrotropical genera in the Neotropics. These types of discoveries may cause confusion for specialists that focus on thefaunaofasinglegeographicregion. The literature abounds with re-descriptions and diagnoses of tortricid genera, but many are rather short, frequently lacking comparisons with similar or related taxa. -
Moths at Kadoorie Farm 1994-2004
Fauna Department Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam Road Tai Po, N.T. Phone 24886192 Hong Kong Fax 24831877 Fauna Conservation Department Project Report Monday, 30th May 2004 Project Area: Conservation (Species & Habitats); Wildlife Monitoring Project title: Moth Survey Code: FAU206 Coordinator: R.C. Kendrick Ph.D. Report period: 1994 to March 2004 Fauna Department Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam Road Tai Po, N.T. Phone 24886192 Hong Kong Fax 24831877 Summary Moth Survey Report 1994 to March 2004 at Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Tai Po, Hong Kong. by R.C. Kendrick Ph.D. Report No. KFBG-FAU206/1 May 2004 Project Area: Conservation (Species & Habitats); Wildlife Monitoring Project title: Moth Survey Coordinator: Roger Kendrick Ph.D 1 CODE: FAU 206 Date commenced: February 2001 1 P/T Senior Conservation Officer, Fauna Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Corporation KFBG Moth Report 1994-2004 R.C.Kendrick, Fauna Conservation Contents 1 ABSTRACT 3 2 INTRODUCTION 4 3 OBJECTIVES 4 4 METHODS 5 4.1 SPECIES RICHNESS & DIVERSITY AT KFBG 5 4.2 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE 5 5 RESULTS 6 5.1 SPECIES RICHNESS & DIVERSITY AT KFBG 8 5.2 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE 12 6 DISCUSSION 18 7 CONCLUSIONS 19 8 REFERENCES 19 9 APPENDIX 21 9.1 SPECIES LIST 21 9.2 RAW DATA 28 1 ABSTRACT A brief history of moth recording at Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden is presented. Data from light trapping between 1994 and March 2004 is given. KFBG was found to have a high diversity and high species richness of moths. -
A Catalogue of Type Specimens of the Tortricidae Described by V. I. Kuznetzov from Vietnam and Deposited in the Zoological Institute, St
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 41 Autor(en)/Author(s): Nedoshivina Svetlana Artikel/Article: A catalogue of type specimens of the Tortricidae described by V. I. Kuznetzov from Vietnam and deposited in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg 335- 347 Atalanta 41 (3/4): 335-347, Würzburg (2010), ISSN 0171-0079 A catalogue of type specimens of the Tortricidae described by V. I. KUZNETZOV from Vietnam and deposited in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg by SVETLANA V. NEDOSHIVINA received 4.XII.2009 Abstract: 67 species described by V. KUZNETZOV from Vietnam are listed with short comments on the type series including descrip- tions of their labels. Colour images of the holotypes are given (col. pl. 7-9). Descriptions of ‡‡ of five species are provided and their genitalia are figured. Zusammenfassung: 67 Arten die von V. KUZNETZOV aus Vietnam beschrieben wurden, werden mit kurzen Kommentaren zur Ty- pusserie und deren Etikettierung versehen. Die Holotypen werden farbig abgebildet (col. pl. 7-9). Von fünf Arten werden die ‡‡ beschrieben und deren Genitalien abgebildet. Introduction: VLADIMIR IVANOVICH KUZNETZOV (1929-2008) (figs 1-5) is one of the most famous modern Russian lepidopterologists. He was born 28.II.1929 in Kingisepp, Leningrad Region. His father was née EGOROV and he was born into the family of a smith. Therefore he was known at school as a smith’s son, in Russian transcription as Kuznetzov (=Kuznetz’s son). Thus, the family name KUZNETZOV is in some sense a pseudonym. During The Second World War KUZNETZOV lost his mother and lived in an orphanage until his father came back from the War. -
RAZOWSKI J. Tortricidae from Vietnam in the Collection of The
POLISH JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY POLSKIE P I S M O ENTOMOLOGICZNE VOL. 78 : 15-32 Bydgoszcz 30 March 2009 Tortricidae from Vietnam in the collection of the Berlin Museum. 7. Some additional data (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JÓZEF RAZOWSKI Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. 17 species are listed of which 11 ones are described as new: Terricula graphitana sp.n., Archips okuiho sp. n., Archips baolokia sp.n., Archips vivesi sp. n., Isodemis longicera sp. n., Isodemis brevicera sp. n., Neocalyptis acutapex sp.n., Atsusina curiosissima sp. n., Phaecasiophora euchlanis sp. n., Kennelia tropica sp. n., Vicamentia vietnamica sp. n. Two new genera, Atsusina gen. n. and Vicamentia gen. n. are erected, female of Gnorismoneura maichau RAZOWSKI is newly described, and Metendothenia albomaculata KAWABE , 1989 is transferred to Endothenia STEPHENS , 1852. Key words: Tortricidae, new taxa, Vietnam. INTRODUCTION Recently the Tortricidae of Vietnam were studied by R AZOWSKI (9 papers) and KUZNET- ZOV (11 papers). The papers published until 2000 are catalogized by K UZNETZOV (2000), these by R AZOWSKI are mentioned in his recent papers (R AZOWSKI (2009a, 2009b). List of localitions is provided by R AZOWSKI (2009a). Material The material is housed in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität, Berlin. 16 Polish Journal of Entomology 78 (1) Acknowledgements The author thanks Dr. W OLFRAM M EY , the Berlin Museum for providing the collection of the Tortricidae from Vietnam for study. Thanks are also extended to Mr. K. F IOŁEK and Mr. W. -
TORTS Newsletter of the Troop of Reputed Tortricid Systematists
Volume 8 10 January 2007 Issue 1 TORTS Newsletter of the Troop of Reputed Tortricid Systematists MODIFICATIONS TO TODD TORTS NEWSLETTER GILLIGAN’S WEBSITE - DISTRIBUTED AS PDF TORTRICID.NET Since 2005 the newsletter has been distributed primarily via e-mail as a PDF. The following message was received Several members still receive a hard-copy via from Todd Gilligan regarding his website - regular mail owing to problems receiving Tortricid.net. attachments. If you have been receiving a hard “Just a quick note to mention that I have copy and prefer to receive a PDF, please let me finished a complete redesign of my website! know. Alternatively, if you have been receiving The new site has been uploaded and should be a PDF and would prefer a hard copy, let me fully functional. You can still access it using know. Please check your e-mail address in this either of these URLs: http://www.tortricidae. issue for accuracy. If you have corrections, com or http://www.torticid.net. Some of the please provide them to me at jbrown@sel. new features include a complete redesign barc.usda.gov. including new graphics, menus, fonts, etc.; the _____________________________________ ability to search the photo database for any genus/species or wildcard text; the ability to BOOK REVIEW display a complete list of thumbnail photos from the database; and new type specimen The following book review will appear photos, including the complete type collection in the spring issue of the Proceedings of the at ANIC (finally!) Entomological Society of Washington. Let me know if you have any However, I am so eager to let everyone know comments/questions/changes you would like to about the book and to encourage everyone to see. -
Tortricidae: Lepidoptera) of Kashmir Himalaya, Received: 08-11-2017 Accepted: 09-12-2017 J & K (India)
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(1): 461-468 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Updated Systematic check-list of Tortricid Moths JEZS 2018; 6(1): 461-468 © 2018 JEZS (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera) of Kashmir Himalaya, Received: 08-11-2017 Accepted: 09-12-2017 J & K (India) Mushtaq Ganai Division of Entomology, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Mushtaq Ganai, Zakir Khan, Mudasir Dar and Tarique Askary Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Abstract Shalimar, Srinagar, J & K, India This paper deals with tortricid moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Kashmir division of Jammu and Kashmir State in which an updated systematic checklist of 73 species has been provided along with their Zakir Khan Division of Entomology, Sher-e- scientific name, genera, tribe, subfamily, synonyms, and original references. The whole list belonging to Kashmir University of 38 genera, 8 tribes and 3 sub-families, out of which tribe Archipini is most diverse which is represented Agricultural Sciences & by 24 species followed by tribe Eucosimini represented by 19 species while as tribes Cnephasiini and Technology of Kashmir, Polyorthini are least diverse which are represented by 2 and 1 species respectively. The genus and Shalimar, Srinagar, J & K, India species of each tribe are arranged alphabetically. Further, 32 species of Tortricid moths shows their prevalence in the high-altitude cold desert areas of Ladakh region. Mudasir Dar Division of Entomology & Fruit Keywords: Leaf roller, Tortricinae, Olethreutinae, Chlidanotinae, Checklist, Kashmir Himalaya science, Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH) Rangrath, Srinagar, J & K, India 1. Introduction Tortricidae is one of the largest families of so called micro-lepidoptera, second only to the Tarique Askary Gelichiidae in number of described species [1, 2] with over 15000 species in approximately Division of Entomology, Sher-e- 1700 genera and a large number still to be recorded, especially in the tropics. -
TORTS Newsletter of the Troop of Reputed Tortricid Systematists ISSN 1945-807X (Print) ISSN 1945-8088 (Online)
Volume 12 7 February 2011 Issue 1 TORTS Newsletter of the Troop of Reputed Tortricid Systematists ISSN 1945-807X (print) ISSN 1945-8088 (online) NEW BOOK ON MOTHS OF information on life cycles and larval biology, WESTERN NORTH AMERICA and those with special behavioral and/or morphological adaptations. The Tortricidae text, written by Jerry Powell, J. A., Opler, P. A. 2009. Powell, includes 257 species (138 Moths of Western North America. Olethreutinae, 120 Tortricinae, one University of California Press, Berkeley, Chlidanotinae), 91% of which are represented Los Angeles, London; xiii + 369 pp. (+ 66 by one or more color illustrations (the winner color plates). in this competition is Sparganothis This handsome book is an senecionana with nine images of adults). encyclopedic treatment of the moths of Larval habits, host plants, and life histories are western North America; it covers about provided for more than 80% of the species, 2,500 species, including virtually all those of including original host data for more than half economic importance. The book includes of them. There are 336 color images of species accounts, color images of adults, line tortricids (319 spread, adult specimens and 17 drawings of genitalia, and details on the living moths, larvae, and/or eggs, larval mines, morphology, biology, and classification. galls, shelters). Multiple images are provided The introductory text includes for markedly polymorphic species (e.g., sections on “Morphology,” “Biology,” Epinotia, Acleris) and geographically polytypic “Significance in Natural and Human species (e.g., Argyrotaenia, Sparganothis); Communities,” “Fossil Record and subspecies are not recognized. Evolution,” and “A History of Moth The physical aspects of the book are Collectors in Western North America.” In attractive – the layout, the quality of the color contrast to other books on North American images, headings, etc.