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Best Practices for Bus Rapid Transit Development in China Kangming Xu Thank You !

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Best Practices for Bus Rapid Transit Development in China Kangming Xu Thank You ! Symposium on Best Practices for Bus Rapid Transit Public Transportation in Development in China Indian Cities with Special focus on Bus Rapid Transit Kangming Xu (BRT) System 3E Transportation Systems, Inc. On Behalf of Beijing, New Delhi Changzhou and Zhengzhou Transit Groups 20-21 Jan 2010 Who Are We? Lead advisor for the Beijing, Changzhou, and Zhengzhou BRT projects; Advisor for BRT planning in Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Xian, Quanzhou, Yangzhou, Xiamen and other Chinese cities; Outreach program for the implementation of the Vehicle License Plate Restriction Program (during and post the Olympic Game); Received “Great Wall Friendship Award” from the Beijing Municipal Government, the City’s highest honor awarded to a foreigner. Overview 9 BRT systems in operation, Guangzhou will be in services soon. Overview Different types of BRT systems in operation each with its unique features •High capacity and high performance; •Closed system and open system; •Island platform (left –side door & double side door); •Side platform (right side door). Approach Approach Beijing – A typical urban sprawl pattern; Recommendation – BRT based linear high density urban development pattern; Approach Three BRT corridors in services; First BRT corridor only has 15.8km in length and carries 150,000 passenger a day ; Each BRT bus carries average 1,500 passenger a day – one of the highest performance BRT systems in the World. Approach BRT Line No 2 and No. 3, carries 30,000 riders per day; Regular bus route adjustments yet to be done due to the Olympic Game ; High density urban development along these two corridors. Approach – Line 3 Approach – Line 3 Approach – Line 3 Approach – Line 2 Approach – Line 2 Urban Redevelopment as Part of Program BRT site in 2003 Less then 2km from Tianan Square; 前 门 北 天 坛 永 定 门 二 环 路 沙 子 口 二 环 路 木 樨 园 桥 南 苑 路 果 园 大 红 门 西 里 三 环 路 大 红 门 桥 久 敬 庄 四 环 路 和 义 南 站 和 义 农 场 东 高 地 三 营 门 快 速 公 交 换 乘 站 西 洼 地 六 营 门 五 环 路 快 速 公 交 中 间 站 东 营 房 德德 茂 茂庄 庄 Urban Redevelopment as Part of Program Now Urban Redevelopment as Part of Program Now Urban Redevelopment as Part of Program Before - Qianmen Dajie 前 门 北 天 坛 永 定 门 二 环 路 沙 子 口 二 环 路 木 樨 园 桥 南 苑 路 果 园 大 红 门 西 里 三 环 路 大 红 门 桥 久 敬 庄 四 环 路 和 义 南 站 和 义 农 场 东 高 地 三 营 门 快 速 公 交 换 乘 站 西 洼 地 六 营 门 五 环 路 快 速 公 交 中 间 站 东 营 房 德德 茂 茂庄 庄 Urban Redevelopment as Part of Program Now Urban Redevelopment as Part of Program Now Urban Redevelopment as Part of Program Now 570 Years Young Pleasant Surprises 24 Hour Exclusive Lanes; Highest quality buses; Headway at 53 second; Convenient transfer with regular buses and metro – measure in how many steps not hundred of meters; Urban development and landscape along the corridor to offer better views for passengers; Low fare; Reliable services. 3E Transportation Systems Efficiency, Environment, Equity Additional Information http://www.BRTCHINA.org 前 门 北 天 坛 永 定 门 二 环 路 沙 子 口 二 环 路 木 樨 园 桥 南 苑 路 果 园 大 红 门 西 里 三 环 路 大 红 门 桥 久 敬 庄 四 环 路 和 义 南 站 和 义 农 场 东 高 地 三 营 门 快 速 公 交 换 乘 站 西 洼 地 六 营 门 五 环 路 快 速 公 交 中 间 站 东 营 房 德德 茂 茂庄 庄 In Depth Look at One BRT Project Changzhou BRT Project Changzhou At Glance Changzhou At Glance Population: Municipality: 3.57 Millions; Urban Areas: 2.25 Millions (permanent) Plus 1.43 Millions (Transient ). Changzhou At Glance Area: Municipality: 4,374 Square Kilometers; Urban Areas: 116 Square Kilometers. Changzhou At Glance Economic (Year 2007): GDP: 188 Billion Yuan =27 Billion US Dollars Revenue: 41 Billion Yuan = 6 Billion US Dollars A Successful BRT Project Alignment Length: 24.5km Stops: 24 Feeder: 3 (on system free transfer) Closely integrated with existing bus routes Implementation – 16 Months January 3, 2007 Mayor delegation visited Beijing BRT; January 12, 2007 Municipal meeting approved the project; January 1, 2008 First segment in operation; April 18, 2008 Entire corridor in operation; May 8 8, 2008 B11 in service, system completed. Ridership 120,000+ Daily Average Ridership Astonishing overall transit ridership increasing; BRT counts for 26% of total transit riders Typical Cross Section Excusive BRT lanes cover most of project, 3.75 meter BRT lane for each travel direction; Pavement marking to separate with general traffic lanes, first in the country; Few violation encroaching BRT lanes. Typical Cross Section Adjust roadway and improve urban design Typical Cross Section Allocate two lanes and designated as BRT lanes Station Design Full functional BRT station; Accommodate low floor BRT bus Station Design Station: Type A Station Design Station: Type B Station Design Station: Type C ITS AVL system; In bus GPS based PA and stop information; Stop – User information; Signal priorities at intersection ; Dispatching; Performance Monitoring . Operation Plan Same direction free transfer among the main and feeder lines Operation Plan User – cost, time savings ; Operator – through route optimization reduced over all service kilometers; BRT Lane – more buses on BRT corridor. Operation Plan Recently survey shows 15,000 free transfer per day ; Connecting congested CBD and the main railway station with the feeder lines, so the main line can operate in high speed; Non- Transfer Route Total Boarding Transfer Boarding Transfer % Boarding B1 76880 63506 13374 17.40% B11 23254 17592 5662 24.35% B12 15698 10590 5107 32.53% B13 20457 13903 6554 32.04% Subtotal - Feeder 57434 42086 15348 26.72% Tota 136288 105592 15348 11.26% Fleet Main Line B1 ： 18m Low floor – 60 buses ； Feeder B11 ： 12m Low entrance – 40 buses; Feeder B12 ： 12m Low entrance – 25 buses; Feeder B13 ： 12m Low entrance – 30 buses. Performance B 1 B 1 1 B 1 2 B 1 3 （ ） 2 4 .5 1 8 .7 1 1 .6 1 3 .0 Length km （ ） Fleet Bus 6 0 4 0 2 5 3 0 Trip 5 6 2 5 3 2 3 4 6 4 6 2 Daily Rider 7 0 ,00 0 1 6 ,00 0 1 3 ,00 0 1 8 ,0 00 Service KM （ ） 1 3 7 7 0 9 9 4 8 4 1 1 7 6 0 0 6 km Commercial Speed 2 2 .3 2 2 .4 1 9 .9 2 2 .3 （ ） - Peak km/hour Commercial Speed 2 2 .7 2 0 .8 1 8 .8 2 0 .5 -Off （ ） Peak km/hour 2 6 2 9 1 9 2 1 Stops Stop Spacing 9 8 0 6 7 0 6 4 0 6 8 0 （ ） Meter Performance Item Value Ridership 400,272 (Passenger-Kilometers) Average Travel Distance 5.6 (Kilometers) Average in Bus Time 14.9 (Minutes) Average Commercial Speed 22.7 (Kilometers) Average Delay 4.4 (Minutes) On Time Rate 95% On Time Performance 快速公交一号线单程运营时间分布 50% 48% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 19% 20% 17% 15% 10% 6% 5% 5% 5% 2% 0% <60分 钟 60-62分 钟 62-64分 钟 64-66分 钟 66-68分 钟 68-70分 钟 >70分 钟 时 间 区 间 Headway Boarding/Alighting Time 典型公交系统乘客人均上下车时间对比 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 人1. 均 上 5 下 车 时 间 （ 秒 ） 1 0. 5 0 北 京 BRT首 发 站 -上 车 北京18米常规公交-2台阶-上车 昆 明 公 交 专 用 道 -上 车 杭州快速公交-上下混行 北 京 BRT中 途 站 -上 下 混 行 北京18米常规公交-3台阶-上车 昆 明 公 交 专 用 道 -下 车 常州快速公交-上下混行 Boarding/Alighting Time Time savings (assume 30 people boarding and 10 people alighting) B12（ 常 规 公 交 ） 57 B12路 （ BRT） 34 昆 明 K1线 模 式 27 B1线 现 有 模 式 14 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 不同线路的平均总上下车时间（秒） Fare Regular: 1 Yuan (0.15 USD) IC User: 0.6 Yuan (0.09 USD) Student: 0.3 Yuan (0.04 USD) Senior: 0.2 Yuan (0.03 USD) Free transfer among the main line and feeders (same travel direction only) BRT Logo Significant Mode Shift 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% Survey Shows 13.2% BRT 40.0% Riders Previously Using Private Motor Vehicles 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% M. Bus Walk Bike Car TaXi C. Bus Others Cycle Mode Shift 57.2% 14.9% 14.0% 5.7% 4.3% 1.9% 1.3% 0.8% User Satisfaction Survey 50.0% 44.5% 46.8% 45.0% 40.0% Overall User Satisfaction 35.0% 30.0% Rate 98.4% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 7.2% 10.0% 0.8% 0.8% 5.0% 0.0% Unhappy Very Sat. Satisfactory M. Satisfactory EXtremely Unhappy 资料来源：国家统计局常州城调队《常州市快速公交乘客 满 意 度 问 卷 调 查 》 Travel Time Savings 4% Increased 16% No Change 80% Reduced Travel Time Integration with Land Use Curitiba approach TOD; High density liner urban development pattern formed after the BRT in services. BRT Network Line No. 2 under- construction, open on May 1, 2009; Circle Route 1 open on Jan. 1, 2010 Promoting BRT Hosted more than 220 delegations ； Become a demonstration project ； Huge successes in both BRT development and public transport improvement program.
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