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Anthropogeny Tracks
anthropogeny t acksa CARTA newsletter Volume 3, Issue 2 - May 2015 Human-Climate Interactions HUMAN-CLIMATE and Evolution: Past and INTERACTIONS AND EVOLUTION: Future PAST AND FUTURE Our early ancestors evolved on a drying, cooling, and highly variable planet, which has led to competing ideas as to how climate may have shaped human evolution. Equally compelling is the question of how and when humans began to affect their surroundings to such an extent as to become a force of climate change, with disruptions affecting the globe today. According to earth scientists, paleontologists, and scholars in other fields, the planet has entered a new geological phase – the Anthropocene, the age of humans. How did this transition of our species from an ape-like ancestor in Africa to the current planetary force occur? What are the prospects for the future of world climate, ecosystems, and our species? CARTA’s May 15, 2015 symposium, Human-Climate Interactions and Evolution: Past and Future, presents varied perspectives on these critical questions from earth scientists, ecologists, and paleoanthropologists. The fantastic lineup of speakers includes: This CARTA symposium is made possible by The G. Harold and African Climate Change and Human Evolution Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation and Rita Atkinson. Peter deMenocal, Columbia University The Climatic Framework of Neandertal Evolution Jean-Jacques Hublin, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Symposium Details Climate Instability and the Evolution of Human Adaptability • Friday, May -
From So Simple a Beginning... the Expansion of Evolutionary Thought
From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolutionary Thought #1 #2 From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolutionary Thought Compiled and Edited by T N C Vidya #3 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. c Indian Academy of Sciences 2019 Reproduced from Resonance–journal of science education Published by Indian Academy of Sciences Production Team: Geetha Sugumaran, Pushpavathi R and Srimathi M Reformatted by : Sriranga Digital Software Technologies Private Limited, Srirangapatna. Printed at: Lotus Printers Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru #4 Foreword The Masterclass series of eBooks brings together pedagogical articles on single broad top- ics taken from Resonance, the Journal of Science Education, that has been published monthly by the Indian Academy of Sciences since January 1996. Primarily directed at students and teachers at the undergraduate level, the journal has brought out a wide spectrum of articles in a range of scientific disciplines. Articles in the journal are written in a style that makes them accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds, and in addition, they provide a useful source of instruction that is not always available in textbooks. The sixth book in the series, ‘From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolu- tionary Thought’, is a collection of Resonance articles about scientists who made major con- tributions to the development of evolutionary biology, starting with Charles Darwin himself, collated and edited by Prof. T. N. C. -
© in This Web Service Cambridge University
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01829-7 - Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary Ryan J. Rabett Index More information Index Abdur, 88 Arborophilia sp., 219 Abri Pataud, 76 Arctictis binturong, 218, 229, 230, 231, 263 Accipiter trivirgatus,cf.,219 Arctogalidia trivirgata, 229 Acclimatization, 2, 7, 268, 271 Arctonyx collaris, 241 Acculturation, 70, 279, 288 Arcy-sur-Cure, 75 Acheulean, 26, 27, 28, 29, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 58, 88 Arius sp., 219 Acheulo-Yabrudian, 48 Asian leaf turtle. See Cyclemys dentata Adaptation Asian soft-shell turtle. See Amyda cartilaginea high frequency processes, 286 Asian wild dog. See Cuon alipinus hominin adaptive trajectories, 7, 267, 268 Assamese macaque. See Macaca assamensis low frequency processes, 286–287 Athapaskan, 278 tropical foragers (Southeast Asia), 283 Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC), 23–24 Variability selection hypothesis, 285–286 Attirampakkam, 106 Additive strategies Aurignacian, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 78, 102, 103, 268, 272 economic, 274, 280. See Strategy-switching Developed-, 280 (economic) Proto-, 70, 78 technological, 165, 206, 283, 289 Australo-Melanesian population, 109, 116 Agassi, Lake, 285 Australopithecines (robust), 286 Ahmarian, 80 Azilian, 74 Ailuropoda melanoleuca fovealis, 35 Airstrip Mound site, 136 Bacsonian, 188, 192, 194 Altai Mountains, 50, 51, 94, 103 Balobok rock-shelter, 159 Altamira, 73 Ban Don Mun, 54 Amyda cartilaginea, 218, 230 Ban Lum Khao, 164, 165 Amyda sp., 37 Ban Mae Tha, 54 Anderson, D.D., 111, 201 Ban Rai, 203 Anorrhinus galeritus, 219 Banteng. See Bos cf. javanicus Anthracoceros coronatus, 219 Banyan Valley Cave, 201 Anthracoceros malayanus, 219 Barranco Leon,´ 29 Anthropocene, 8, 9, 274, 286, 289 BAT 1, 173, 174 Aq Kupruk, 104, 105 BAT 2, 173 Arboreal-adapted taxa, 96, 110, 111, 113, 122, 151, 152, Bat hawk. -
GLYCO 21 XXI International Symposium on Glycoconjugates
GLYCO 21 XXI International Symposium on Glycoconjugates Abstracts August 21-26, 2011 Vienna, Austria Glycoconj J (2011) 28: 197–36 9 Organising Committee Erika Staudacher (Austria) Leopold März (Austria) Günter Allmaier (Austria) Lothar Brecker (Austria) Josef Glössl (Austria) Hanspeter Kählig (Austria) Paul Kosma (Austria) Lukas Mach (Austria) Paul Messner (Austria) Walther Schmid (Austria) Igor Tvaroška (Slovakia) Reinhard Vlasak (Austria) Iain Wilson (Austria) Scientifi c Program Committee Iain Wilson (Austria) Paul Messner (Austria) Günter Allmaier (Austria) Reginald Bittner (Austria) Paul Kosma (Austria) Eva Stöger (Austria) Graham Warren (Austria) John Hanover (USA; nominated by the Society for Glycobiology) Kelly ten Hagen (USA; nominated by the Society for Glycobiology) supported in abstract selection by Michael Duchêne (Austria) Catherine Merry (UK) Tadashi Suzuki (Japan) Abstracts of the 21st International Symposium on Glycoconjugates The International Glycoconjugate Organisation Gerald W. Hart, President Leopold März, President-elect Paul Gleeson, Immediate Past-president Sandro Sonnino, Secretary Thierry Hennet, Treasurer National Representatives Pedro Bonay (Spain) to replace Angelo Reglero Nicolai Bovin (Russia) Jin Won Cho (Korea) Henrik Clausen (Denmark) Anne Dell (UK) Jukka Finne (Finland) Paul Gleeson (Australia) Jianxin Gu (China) Gerald Hart (USA) Thierry Hennet (Switzerland) Jim Jamieson (Canada) Gordan Lauc (Croatia) Hakon Leffl er (Sweden) Jean-Claude Michalski (France) Werner Reutter (Germany) Sandro Sonnino (Italy) Avadhesha Surolia (India) Ken Kitajima (Japan) Maciej Ugorski (Poland) Johannes F.G. Vliegenthart (The Netherlands) Iain Wilson (Austria) to replace Leopold März Albert M. Wu (Taiwan) Lode Wyns (Belgium) Yehiel Zick (Israel) Glycoconj J (2011) 28: 197–369 Past Presidents Eugene. A. Davidson (USA) Alan B. Foster (UK) Paul Gleeson (Australia) Mary Catherine Glick (USA) Colin Hughes (UK) Roger W. -
0205683290.Pdf
Hominin footprints preserved at Laetoli, Tanzania, are about 3.6 million years old. These individuals were between 3 and 4 feet tall when standing upright. For a close-up view of one of the footprints and further information, go to the human origins section of the website of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History, www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/ humanorigins/ha/laetoli.htm. THE EVOLUTION OF HUMANITY AND CULTURE 2 the BIG questions v What do living nonhuman primates tell us about OUTLINE human culture? Nonhuman Primates and the Roots of Human Culture v Hominin Evolution to Modern What role did culture play Humans during hominin evolution? Critical Thinking: What Is Really in the Toolbox? v How has modern human Eye on the Environment: Clothing as a Thermal culture changed in the past Adaptation to Cold and Wind 12,000 years? The Neolithic Revolution and the Emergence of Cities and States Lessons Applied: Archaeology Findings Increase Food Production in Bolivia 33 Substantial scientific evidence indicates that modern hu- closest to humans and describes how they provide insights into mans have evolved from a shared lineage with primate ances- what the lives of the earliest human ancestors might have been tors between 4 and 8 million years ago. The mid-nineteenth like. It then turns to a description of the main stages in evolu- century was a turning point in European thinking about tion to modern humans. The last section covers the develop- human origins as scientific thinking challenged the biblical ment of settled life, agriculture, and cities and states. -
Early Members of the Genus Homo -. EXPLORATIONS: an OPEN INVITATION to BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
EXPLORATIONS: AN OPEN INVITATION TO BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Editors: Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera and Lara Braff American Anthropological Association Arlington, VA 2019 Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. ISBN – 978-1-931303-63-7 www.explorations.americananthro.org 10. Early Members of the Genus Homo Bonnie Yoshida-Levine Ph.D., Grossmont College Learning Objectives • Describe how early Pleistocene climate change influenced the evolution of the genus Homo. • Identify the characteristics that define the genus Homo. • Describe the skeletal anatomy of Homo habilis and Homo erectus based on the fossil evidence. • Assess opposing points of view about how early Homo should be classified. Describe what is known about the adaptive strategies of early members of the Homo genus, including tool technologies, diet, migration patterns, and other behavioral trends.The boy was no older than 9 when he perished by the swampy shores of the lake. After death, his slender, long-limbed body sank into the mud of the lake shallows. His bones fossilized and lay undisturbed for 1.5 million years. In the 1980s, fossil hunter Kimoya Kimeu, working on the western shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya, glimpsed a dark colored piece of bone eroding in a hillside. This small skull fragment led to the discovery of what is arguably the world’s most complete early hominin fossil—a youth identified as a member of the species Homo erectus. Now known as Nariokotome Boy, after the nearby lake village, the skeleton has provided a wealth of information about the early evolution of our own genus, Homo (see Figure 10.1). -
IMPACT of INFECTIOUS DISEASE on HUMANS and OUR ORIGINS Glossary
IMPACT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE ON HUMANS AND OUR ORIGINS Glossary Actin: A protein that forms the internal skeleton of animal cells, Autoimmunity: An organism’s aberrant immune response including red blood cells (RBCs). against its own healthy cells and tissues. Low-level autoimmunity is usually harmless and potentially beneficial, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A serious high-level autoimmunity can cause a broad range of type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of deleterious illnesses known as autoimmune diseases (e.g. widespread fluid buildup in the lungs, which limits oxygen lupus). uptake and causes shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and bluish skin coloration. Bacteria: A type of prokaryotic microorganism. Unlike eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely Adhesin: Proteins produced by bacteria and protozoa that harbour membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria were among mediate binding to molecules on host cells. the first life forms to evolve on Earth, and can be found in most every habitat, including soil, water, acidic hot springs, Malarial adhesins can be transferred to the surface of radioactive waste, the deep biosphere of the earth’s crust, and red blood cells (RBCs) causing them to become sticky in and on other living organisms as symbionts and parasites. and adhere to other RBCs and vessel walls, resulting in Bacteria can be beneficial, such as those comprising the gut microvascular inflammation. flora, orpathogenic and cause infectious disease. However, the vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered Adjuvant: A pharmacological or immunological agent that harmless by the protective effects of the immune system. -
The Treeness of the Tree of Historical Trees of Life
RESEARCH ARTICLE The treeness of the tree of historical trees of life 1 2 3 1 Marie Fisler , CeÂdric CreÂmière , Pierre Darlu , Guillaume LecointreID * 1 UMR 7205 CNRS-MNHN-SU-EPHE « Institut de SysteÂmatique, Evolution et Biodiversite », deÂpartement « Origines & E volution », MuseÂum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 2 MuseÂe d'Histoire Naturelle du Havre, Place du vieux marcheÂ, Le Havre, France, 3 UMR 7206 CNRS-MNHN-UPD « Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie », deÂpartement « Hommes, Nature et SocieÂteÂs », MuseÂum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 This paper compares and categorizes historical ideas about trees showing relationships among biological entities. The hierarchical structure of a tree is used to test the global con- sistency of similarities among these ideas; in other words we assess the ªtreenessº of the OPEN ACCESS tree of historical trees. The collected data are figures and ideas about trees showing rela- Citation: Fisler M, CreÂmière C, Darlu P, Lecointre G tionships among biological entities published or drawn by naturalists from 1555 to 2012. (2020) The treeness of the tree of historical trees of They are coded into a matrix of 235 historical trees and 141 descriptive attributes. From the life. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0226567. https://doi.org/ most parsimonious ªtreeº of historical trees, treeness is measured by consistency index, 10.1371/journal.pone.0226567 retention index and homoplasy excess ratio. This tree is used to create sets or categories of Editor: Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Universite de trees, or to study the circulation of ideas. From an unrooted network of historical trees, tree- Lausanne Faculte de biologie et medecine, ness is measured by the delta-score. -
Homo Erectus: a Bigger, Faster, Smarter, Longer Lasting Hominin Lineage
Homo erectus: A Bigger, Faster, Smarter, Longer Lasting Hominin Lineage Charles J. Vella, PhD August, 2019 Acknowledgements Many drawings by Kathryn Cruz-Uribe in Human Career, by R. Klein Many graphics from multiple journal articles (i.e. Nature, Science, PNAS) Ray Troll • Hominin evolution from 3.0 to 1.5 Ma. (Species) • Currently known species temporal ranges for Pa, Paranthropus aethiopicus; Pb, P. boisei; Pr, P. robustus; A afr, Australopithecus africanus; Ag, A. garhi; As, A. sediba; H sp., early Homo >2.1 million years ago (Ma); 1470 group and 1813 group representing a new interpretation of the traditionally recognized H. habilis and H. rudolfensis; and He, H. erectus. He (D) indicates H. erectus from Dmanisi. • (Behavior) Icons indicate from the bottom the • first appearance of stone tools (the Oldowan technology) at ~2.6 Ma, • the dispersal of Homo to Eurasia at ~1.85 Ma, • and the appearance of the Acheulean technology at ~1.76 Ma. • The number of contemporaneous hominin taxa during this period reflects different Susan C. Antón, Richard Potts, Leslie C. Aiello, 2014 strategies of adaptation to habitat variability. Origins of Homo: Summary of shifts in Homo Early Homo appears in the record by 2.3 Ma. By 2.0 Ma at least two facial morphs of early Homo (1813 group and 1470 group) representing two different adaptations are present. And possibly 3 others as well (Ledi-Geraru, Uraha-501, KNM-ER 62000) The 1813 group survives until at least 1.44 Ma. Early Homo erectus represents a third more derived morph and one that is of slightly larger brain and body size but somewhat smaller tooth size. -
Agustín Fuentes Department of Anthropology, 123 Aaron Burr Hall, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 Email: [email protected]
Agustín Fuentes Department of Anthropology, 123 Aaron Burr Hall, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 email: [email protected] EDUCATION: 1994 Ph.D. Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley 1991 M.A. Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley 1989 B.A. Anthropology and Zoology, University of California, Berkeley ACADEMIC POSITIONS: 2020-present Professor, Department of Anthropology, Princeton University 2017-2020 The Edmund P. Joyce, C.S.C., Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame 2013-2020 Chair, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame 2008-2020 Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame 2008-2011 Director, Institute for Scholarship in the Liberal Arts, University of Notre Dame 2005-2008 Nancy O’Neill Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame 2004-2008 Flatley Director, Office for Undergraduate and Post-Baccalaureate Fellowships, University of Notre Dame 2002-2008 Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame 2000-2002 Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Central Washington University 1999-2002 Director, Primate Behavior and Ecology Bachelor of Science Program, Interdisciplinary Major-Departments of Anthropology, Biological Sciences and Psychology, Central Washington University 1998-2002 Graduate Faculty, Department of Psychology and Resource Management Master’s Program, Central Washington University 1996-2000 Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Central Washington University 1995-1996 Lecturer, -
Paleoanthropology Society Meeting Abstracts, St. Louis, Mo, 13-14 April 2010
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY SOCIETY MEETING ABSTRACTS, ST. LOUIS, MO, 13-14 APRIL 2010 New Data on the Transition from the Gravettian to the Solutrean in Portuguese Estremadura Francisco Almeida , DIED DEPA, Igespar, IP, PORTUGAL Henrique Matias, Department of Geology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, PORTUGAL Rui Carvalho, Department of Geology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, PORTUGAL Telmo Pereira, FCHS - Departamento de História, Arqueologia e Património, Universidade do Algarve, PORTUGAL Adelaide Pinto, Crivarque. Lda., PORTUGAL From an anthropological perspective, the passage from the Gravettian to the Solutrean is one of the most interesting transition peri- ods in Old World Prehistory. Between 22 kyr BP and 21 kyr BP, during the beginning stages of the Last Glacial Maximum, Iberia and Southwest France witness a process of substitution of a Pan-European Technocomplex—the Gravettian—to one of the first examples of regionalism by Anatomically Modern Humans in the European continent—the Solutrean. While the question of the origins of the Solutrean is almost as old as its first definition, the process under which it substituted the Gravettian started to be readdressed, both in Portugal and in France, after the mid 1990’s. Two chronological models for the transition have been advanced, but until very recently the lack of new archaeological contexts of the period, and the fact that the many of the sequences have been drastically affected by post depositional disturbances during the Lascaux event, prevented their systematic evaluation. Between 2007 and 2009, and in the scope of mitigation projects, archaeological fieldwork has been carried in three open air sites—Terra do Manuel (Rio Maior), Portela 2 (Leiria), and Calvaria 2 (Porto de Mós) whose stratigraphic sequences date precisely to the beginning stages of the LGM. -
Fossil Primates
AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education Page 1 of 16 www.accessscience.com Fossil primates Contributed by: Eric Delson Publication year: 2014 Extinct members of the order of mammals to which humans belong. All current classifications divide the living primates into two major groups (suborders): the Strepsirhini or “lower” primates (lemurs, lorises, and bushbabies) and the Haplorhini or “higher” primates [tarsiers and anthropoids (New and Old World monkeys, greater and lesser apes, and humans)]. Some fossil groups (omomyiforms and adapiforms) can be placed with or near these two extant groupings; however, there is contention whether the Plesiadapiformes represent the earliest relatives of primates and are best placed within the order (as here) or outside it. See also: FOSSIL; MAMMALIA; PHYLOGENY; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PRIMATES. Vast evidence suggests that the order Primates is a monophyletic group, that is, the primates have a common genetic origin. Although several peculiarities of the primate bauplan (body plan) appear to be inherited from an inferred common ancestor, it seems that the order as a whole is characterized by showing a variety of parallel adaptations in different groups to a predominantly arboreal lifestyle, including anatomical and behavioral complexes related to improved grasping and manipulative capacities, a variety of locomotor styles, and enlargement of the higher centers of the brain. Among the extant primates, the lower primates more closely resemble forms that evolved relatively early in the history of the order, whereas the higher primates represent a group that evolved more recently (Fig. 1). A classification of the primates, as accepted here, appears above. Early primates The earliest primates are placed in their own semiorder, Plesiadapiformes (as contrasted with the semiorder Euprimates for all living forms), because they have no direct evolutionary links with, and bear few adaptive resemblances to, any group of living primates.