The Treeness of the Tree of Historical Trees of Life
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Anthropogeny Tracks
anthropogeny t acksa CARTA newsletter Volume 3, Issue 2 - May 2015 Human-Climate Interactions HUMAN-CLIMATE and Evolution: Past and INTERACTIONS AND EVOLUTION: Future PAST AND FUTURE Our early ancestors evolved on a drying, cooling, and highly variable planet, which has led to competing ideas as to how climate may have shaped human evolution. Equally compelling is the question of how and when humans began to affect their surroundings to such an extent as to become a force of climate change, with disruptions affecting the globe today. According to earth scientists, paleontologists, and scholars in other fields, the planet has entered a new geological phase – the Anthropocene, the age of humans. How did this transition of our species from an ape-like ancestor in Africa to the current planetary force occur? What are the prospects for the future of world climate, ecosystems, and our species? CARTA’s May 15, 2015 symposium, Human-Climate Interactions and Evolution: Past and Future, presents varied perspectives on these critical questions from earth scientists, ecologists, and paleoanthropologists. The fantastic lineup of speakers includes: This CARTA symposium is made possible by The G. Harold and African Climate Change and Human Evolution Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation and Rita Atkinson. Peter deMenocal, Columbia University The Climatic Framework of Neandertal Evolution Jean-Jacques Hublin, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Symposium Details Climate Instability and the Evolution of Human Adaptability • Friday, May -
Kin Recognition in Protists and Other Microbes
Kin Recognition in Protists and Other Microbes Kin Recognition in Protists and Other Microbes: Genetics, Evolution, Behavior and Health By Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C and Avelina Espinosa Kin Recognition in Protists and Other Microbes: Genetics, Evolution, Behavior and Health By Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C, Avelina Espinosa This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C, Avelina Espinosa All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0764-5 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0764-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................... vii Preface ...................................................................................................... viii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Kin Recognition: Synopsis and the Advent of Protists Models Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 14 The Genetics of Kin Recognition: From Many Cells to Single Cells Chapter Three ........................................................................................... -
From So Simple a Beginning... the Expansion of Evolutionary Thought
From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolutionary Thought #1 #2 From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolutionary Thought Compiled and Edited by T N C Vidya #3 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. c Indian Academy of Sciences 2019 Reproduced from Resonance–journal of science education Published by Indian Academy of Sciences Production Team: Geetha Sugumaran, Pushpavathi R and Srimathi M Reformatted by : Sriranga Digital Software Technologies Private Limited, Srirangapatna. Printed at: Lotus Printers Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru #4 Foreword The Masterclass series of eBooks brings together pedagogical articles on single broad top- ics taken from Resonance, the Journal of Science Education, that has been published monthly by the Indian Academy of Sciences since January 1996. Primarily directed at students and teachers at the undergraduate level, the journal has brought out a wide spectrum of articles in a range of scientific disciplines. Articles in the journal are written in a style that makes them accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds, and in addition, they provide a useful source of instruction that is not always available in textbooks. The sixth book in the series, ‘From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolu- tionary Thought’, is a collection of Resonance articles about scientists who made major con- tributions to the development of evolutionary biology, starting with Charles Darwin himself, collated and edited by Prof. T. N. C. -
GLYCO 21 XXI International Symposium on Glycoconjugates
GLYCO 21 XXI International Symposium on Glycoconjugates Abstracts August 21-26, 2011 Vienna, Austria Glycoconj J (2011) 28: 197–36 9 Organising Committee Erika Staudacher (Austria) Leopold März (Austria) Günter Allmaier (Austria) Lothar Brecker (Austria) Josef Glössl (Austria) Hanspeter Kählig (Austria) Paul Kosma (Austria) Lukas Mach (Austria) Paul Messner (Austria) Walther Schmid (Austria) Igor Tvaroška (Slovakia) Reinhard Vlasak (Austria) Iain Wilson (Austria) Scientifi c Program Committee Iain Wilson (Austria) Paul Messner (Austria) Günter Allmaier (Austria) Reginald Bittner (Austria) Paul Kosma (Austria) Eva Stöger (Austria) Graham Warren (Austria) John Hanover (USA; nominated by the Society for Glycobiology) Kelly ten Hagen (USA; nominated by the Society for Glycobiology) supported in abstract selection by Michael Duchêne (Austria) Catherine Merry (UK) Tadashi Suzuki (Japan) Abstracts of the 21st International Symposium on Glycoconjugates The International Glycoconjugate Organisation Gerald W. Hart, President Leopold März, President-elect Paul Gleeson, Immediate Past-president Sandro Sonnino, Secretary Thierry Hennet, Treasurer National Representatives Pedro Bonay (Spain) to replace Angelo Reglero Nicolai Bovin (Russia) Jin Won Cho (Korea) Henrik Clausen (Denmark) Anne Dell (UK) Jukka Finne (Finland) Paul Gleeson (Australia) Jianxin Gu (China) Gerald Hart (USA) Thierry Hennet (Switzerland) Jim Jamieson (Canada) Gordan Lauc (Croatia) Hakon Leffl er (Sweden) Jean-Claude Michalski (France) Werner Reutter (Germany) Sandro Sonnino (Italy) Avadhesha Surolia (India) Ken Kitajima (Japan) Maciej Ugorski (Poland) Johannes F.G. Vliegenthart (The Netherlands) Iain Wilson (Austria) to replace Leopold März Albert M. Wu (Taiwan) Lode Wyns (Belgium) Yehiel Zick (Israel) Glycoconj J (2011) 28: 197–369 Past Presidents Eugene. A. Davidson (USA) Alan B. Foster (UK) Paul Gleeson (Australia) Mary Catherine Glick (USA) Colin Hughes (UK) Roger W. -
Lepeletier) (Anthophila
Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba, 48 (1-2): 21-31. 2019 21 Additions to morphology and nesting biology of a neotropical cetridine bee, Melacentris dorsata (Lepeletier) (Anthophila) Adições à morfologia e à biologia da nidificação de uma espécie neotropical de Centridini, Melanocentris dorsata (Lepeletier) (Anthophila) SEBASTIÃO LAROCA1 SANDOR CHRISTIANO BUYS2 & PAUL DECELLES3 The name Melacentris was created by MOURE (1995) to accomodate a group of bee previously called as Melanocentris, since this name was a synonymous of Ptilotopus due to the designation by SANDHOUSE (1943) of Centris atra (which is a Ptilotopus) as the type species of Melanocentris. In our paper (LAROCA, REYNAUD DOS SANTOS & SCHWARTZ FILHO, 1993) in which we studied several life history aspects of this species, we used the old name of this species, Melanocentris dorsata. Among several aspects, we postulated that Ptilotopus and Melanocentris together are a monophylectic group, Ptilotopus being a Melacentris-derived group (called by us in that occasion as Melanocentris). Our suspecion was based on morphological similarities amoung the groups and in the fact 1 Professor Sênior do setor de Ciências Biológica da Universidade Federal do Paraná (Curitiba, PR). E- mail: [email protected]. 1 e 2 colaboradores do Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (RJ), 3 Professor of Biology at Johnson County Community College, Overland Park, Kansas (USA). 22 Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba, 48 (1-2): 21-31. 2019. that besides Ptilotopus only one species — Melacentris thoracica (Lepelitier) — constructs its nest in arboreal nests of termites. Centris is a relatively diversified genus of medium to large bees. In neotropical sites they are quiet common in the Brazilian “cerrado” (a type of savanna) and other open vegetations as well as in forest habitats. -
Early Members of the Genus Homo -. EXPLORATIONS: an OPEN INVITATION to BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
EXPLORATIONS: AN OPEN INVITATION TO BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Editors: Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera and Lara Braff American Anthropological Association Arlington, VA 2019 Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. ISBN – 978-1-931303-63-7 www.explorations.americananthro.org 10. Early Members of the Genus Homo Bonnie Yoshida-Levine Ph.D., Grossmont College Learning Objectives • Describe how early Pleistocene climate change influenced the evolution of the genus Homo. • Identify the characteristics that define the genus Homo. • Describe the skeletal anatomy of Homo habilis and Homo erectus based on the fossil evidence. • Assess opposing points of view about how early Homo should be classified. Describe what is known about the adaptive strategies of early members of the Homo genus, including tool technologies, diet, migration patterns, and other behavioral trends.The boy was no older than 9 when he perished by the swampy shores of the lake. After death, his slender, long-limbed body sank into the mud of the lake shallows. His bones fossilized and lay undisturbed for 1.5 million years. In the 1980s, fossil hunter Kimoya Kimeu, working on the western shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya, glimpsed a dark colored piece of bone eroding in a hillside. This small skull fragment led to the discovery of what is arguably the world’s most complete early hominin fossil—a youth identified as a member of the species Homo erectus. Now known as Nariokotome Boy, after the nearby lake village, the skeleton has provided a wealth of information about the early evolution of our own genus, Homo (see Figure 10.1). -
IMPACT of INFECTIOUS DISEASE on HUMANS and OUR ORIGINS Glossary
IMPACT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE ON HUMANS AND OUR ORIGINS Glossary Actin: A protein that forms the internal skeleton of animal cells, Autoimmunity: An organism’s aberrant immune response including red blood cells (RBCs). against its own healthy cells and tissues. Low-level autoimmunity is usually harmless and potentially beneficial, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A serious high-level autoimmunity can cause a broad range of type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of deleterious illnesses known as autoimmune diseases (e.g. widespread fluid buildup in the lungs, which limits oxygen lupus). uptake and causes shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and bluish skin coloration. Bacteria: A type of prokaryotic microorganism. Unlike eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely Adhesin: Proteins produced by bacteria and protozoa that harbour membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria were among mediate binding to molecules on host cells. the first life forms to evolve on Earth, and can be found in most every habitat, including soil, water, acidic hot springs, Malarial adhesins can be transferred to the surface of radioactive waste, the deep biosphere of the earth’s crust, and red blood cells (RBCs) causing them to become sticky in and on other living organisms as symbionts and parasites. and adhere to other RBCs and vessel walls, resulting in Bacteria can be beneficial, such as those comprising the gut microvascular inflammation. flora, orpathogenic and cause infectious disease. However, the vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered Adjuvant: A pharmacological or immunological agent that harmless by the protective effects of the immune system. -
Evolution of the Muscular System in Tetrapod Limbs Tatsuya Hirasawa1* and Shigeru Kuratani1,2
Hirasawa and Kuratani Zoological Letters (2018) 4:27 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-018-0110-2 REVIEW Open Access Evolution of the muscular system in tetrapod limbs Tatsuya Hirasawa1* and Shigeru Kuratani1,2 Abstract While skeletal evolution has been extensively studied, the evolution of limb muscles and brachial plexus has received less attention. In this review, we focus on the tempo and mode of evolution of forelimb muscles in the vertebrate history, and on the developmental mechanisms that have affected the evolution of their morphology. Tetrapod limb muscles develop from diffuse migrating cells derived from dermomyotomes, and the limb-innervating nerves lose their segmental patterns to form the brachial plexus distally. Despite such seemingly disorganized developmental processes, limb muscle homology has been highly conserved in tetrapod evolution, with the apparent exception of the mammalian diaphragm. The limb mesenchyme of lateral plate mesoderm likely plays a pivotal role in the subdivision of the myogenic cell population into individual muscles through the formation of interstitial muscle connective tissues. Interactions with tendons and motoneuron axons are involved in the early and late phases of limb muscle morphogenesis, respectively. The mechanism underlying the recurrent generation of limb muscle homology likely resides in these developmental processes, which should be studied from an evolutionary perspective in the future. Keywords: Development, Evolution, Homology, Fossils, Regeneration, Tetrapods Background other morphological characters that may change during The fossil record reveals that the evolutionary rate of growth. Skeletal muscles thus exhibit clear advantages vertebrate morphology has been variable, and morpho- for the integration of paleontology and evolutionary logical deviations and alterations have taken place unevenly developmental biology. -
Do Verde Ao Roxo, As Abelhas Que Quase Ninguém Conhece
AMBIENTE, SOCIEDADE E DESENVOLVIMENTOCONTENTS 33 ABELHAS DAS ORQUÍDEAS: DO VERDE AO ROXO, AS ABELHAS QUE QUASE NINGUÉM CONHECE Artigo de divulgação: As abelhas são insetos fascinantes! Venha ler uma breve apresentação das abelhas Euglossini! POR PAULA GÓRIA Se nos pedirem a descrição de uma abelha e seus hábitos, é bem provável que forneçamos as seguintes informações: “são listradas de preto e amarelo, fer- roam, produzem mel em suas colmeias volumosas e voam em direção ao nosso Macho de Euglossa sp com um polinário suco na primeira oportunidade que tiverem.” Uma minoria talvez se lembre de orquídea aderido ao tórax das abelhas nativas, as praticamente inofensivas sem-ferrão que fazem seus FOTO DE ALINE C.R. ANDRADE ninhos em vãos aproveitados das nossas paredes, troncos de árvores, buracos no chão e até cupinzeiros¹... Abelhas corbiculadas: A novidade, para muitos, é que existem cerca de 20 mil espécies de abelhas Na Família Apidae, é como catalogadas², compondo uma variedade incrível de formas e comportamentos³. são chamadas as fêmeas Por exemplo, aquelas verdadeiramente sociais como as citadas acima, constru- das tribos Apini, Bombini, toras de ninhos com milhares de indivíduos (nos quais ocorrem a sobreposição Euglossini e Meliponini. de gerações e a hierarquia de funções), aparecem apenas em algumas tribos A corbícula é uma estru- de abelhas corbiculadas4. tura côncava no último par de pernas, semelhante a uma colher, utilizada para transporte de pólen e outros materiais para o ninho (ausente nas fêmeas cleptoparasitas)16. 1 Abelhas sem ferrão do Brasil; Cortopassi-Lau- rino e Nogueiro-Neto (2016). LIVRO 2 Segundo levantamento de 2007 – The bees of the World; Charles Duncan Michener. -
Permian Tetrapod Footprints from the Lucero Uplift, Central New Mexico Sebastian Voigt and Spencer G
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/67 Permian tetrapod footprints from the Lucero Uplift, central New Mexico Sebastian Voigt and Spencer G. Lucas, 2016, pp. 387-395 in: Guidebook 67 - Geology of the Belen Area, Frey, Bonnie A.; Karlstrom, Karl E. ; Lucas, Spencer G.; Williams, Shannon; Ziegler, Kate; McLemore, Virginia; Ulmer-Scholle, Dana S., New Mexico Geological Society 67th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 512 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2016 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. -
Amniote Yolk Sacs: Diversity in Reptiles and a Hypothesis on Their Origin RICHARD P
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 58: 889-894 (2014) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.140239db www.intjdevbiol.com Amniote yolk sacs: diversity in reptiles and a hypothesis on their origin RICHARD P. ELINSON1, JAMES R. STEWART2, LAURIE J. BONNEAU3 and DANIEL G. BLACKBURN*,3 1240 West Neck Road, Huntington, NY, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN and 3Department of Biology, and Electron Microscopy Center, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, USA ABSTRACT Oviparous amniotes produce a large yolky egg that gives rise to a free-living hatchling. Structural characteristics and functional attributes of the egg are best known for birds, which have a large mass of fluid yolk surrounded by an extraembryonic yolk sac. Yolk nutrients are delivered to the embryo via the vascular yolk sac. This developmental pattern and nutrient transport mecha- nism is thought to be representative of all other lineages of amniotes. Recent discovery of a snake with cellularized yolk organized around a meshwork of blood vessels reveals an additional pattern for yolk mobilization, which may also occur in other squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes). This complex yolk sac raises interesting questions about developmental mechanisms and suggests a possible model for the transition between the egg of anamniotes and that of amniotes. KEY WORDS: cleavage, yolk, embryo maintenance, yolk sac, oviparity Introduction tissue (Elinson and Stewart, 2014) reveals a dramatic contrast to the development of the yolk sac of the chicken that raises Vertebrates became completely terrestrial with the evolution questions regarding appropriate models for the egg of early of the amniotic egg. The primary innovation of the egg is a large amniotes. -
Ugc Locf Document on Zoology
UGC LOCF DOCUMENT ON ZOOLOGY Learning Outcomes based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) for (ZOOLOGY) Undergraduate Programme 2020 UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI – 110 002 UGC LOCF DOCUMENT ON ZOOLOGY Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 2 Preamble .................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 09 2. Learning Outcome Based approach to Curriculum Planning ............................................... 10 2.1 Nature and extent of the B.Sc degree Programme in Zoology ......................................... 11 2.2. Aims of Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Zoology ......................................................... 11 3. Graduate Attributes in Zoology ..................................................................................................... 12 4. Qualification Descriptors for a Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Zoology.....................14 5. Learning Outcomes in Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Zoology…………………..15 5.1 Knowledge and Understanding ...................................................................................................... 15 5.2 Subject Specific Intellectual and Practical Skills .......................................................................