DOCSLIB.ORG

In Libya of the Possible Constitutional Basis for Future Onal Referendum?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Libya of the Possible Constitutional Basis for Future Onal Referendum? ElectionsLegalTheIn Search Constitutional Analysis inof LostLibya and Legitimacy: Process Review inof Libyathe Possible Constitutional Basis for Future opportunities TableI.C.B.A. OverviewLegalTowardsIntroductionof Content analysis a of Constitutional the main constitutional Referendum? options in place – challenges and 2.1.II.5.4.3. PresidentialParliamentaryScenariosThe Referendum2017February20111951 DraftConstitutionalConstitution for elections theCommittee electionsConstitution Lawelections without Declarationwithout Proposal referendum a Constitution TheIntroductionInterviewListBibliographyRecommendationsConclusion ofabsence persons Framework of interviewed a Constitution in LibyaIN since SEARCH 2011 OFis one of the main relatedTuaregmajoritypublicLibya.DraftingSincelegitimatelybecontext,setanyaamendments,challenges non-elected another anyclear they referendum.They toand clear amendingAssemblywas guidancelanguage were to Amazigh)legalentitledhad neededstability,time body,the elected achallenge, 2011 limits120have theandforthe Accordingto for hadpeace, inpresidential Constitutional doConstitutionaldays’Nationalculture. been it Februaryand toso,to since agree and bemandate mandatestasked orto The approved,Transitional whatforthe 2014,it by and timeline,holding iswith Constitutional Declaration, consensusDeclaration frameworktounclear parliamentarytheto doelaborating whilethese 48 future Councilso,however, members which cultural beforeoninstitutions. which shouldtoelections. Declaration,topics (NTC),set a mechanismwaselections, new putting of wasthesecomponents be the ofnot does Constitution Despite adopted.agreed their InConstitutional respected,terms the thenotanor concernswouldtwo draft uponcurrent provideseveraldoes (Tebu,would third for beasby toit definedrangetheremainNotwithstandingsuggestionslawafter,asconsideredDespiteas2017,multiple protestors perreferendumpoliticalin several aNovemberfrom Proposalarticlefor legaldraftsfor the legal thespectrum. ofrunning unsuccessfultriedchallenges 23werethe Constitution lack law thewasand 2018.of Highto producedcurrentand the of forthefinallybreak InKeyconstraints National Libya to againstpresidency,draftJanuary attempts, the areas intoconflict,toadopted by Politicalsentbe2017 the the Electoralthe of2019,passed on to CDAconcernCDA proposal aimportantproceduresby which presidentialcontestedtheAgreement thea between headquarters 2/3toCommissionHouse lawexcludes ina remain majority,referendum. legalthewas constitutional ofof2014 (LPA).power Constitutional theamended Representatives andcertainstrong in andto (HNEC). vote, political Thedifficulttoprevent 2017. Oppositionstheon candidates, thetoHoR referendum all reflectconditionsOn challenges voteProposalthe conditionssidespassed, 29 (HoR) vote. wasJuly the toofas thatDeclaration,ConstitutionstakeholdersDuemoreinreferendumfuturefearingminorities,outreachbycontributedwell Tripoliactors towouldas necessary progressthe theinadequate has bywho lack comeandresults the tolaw or renderedinhave do the of throughmembersCDA place,on passedforout progressnot ofpoliticization acalled sustainableitself.protection of aconstitutionalknow thestrictlythethrough aby National the Powerful constitutionalfor onUN-ledthe all High theelectionsmajoritarian HoRthe of anotherofpeace CDA Charter,Stateminorities’Nationalthe proposal’s referendum.Easternwas track constitutionalin Counciltoprocessquestioned amendmentLOSTLibya. itself bevotingConference tribes,and provisions,rights.organized LEGITIMACY: (HSC), the includedmoreThe process, federalists, constitutionalas fileconstitutionality These to complex,among well.and thewithoutduein have the serveThe Libya,concerns Constitutional to othermonarchists, Declaration, blockedand insufficientrecent aasfile, and durablegroups,yet a of basis have somealsooften waranythe thegoalsever2017,onetoproposalexplainbothThetheirInternationalgoverningfor go a constitutionaltransitional ofMay new since. callsupport forward.ofit the thewhatseems 2018 theforelectoral keydocument TheNational neededelections stakeholdersbasiswill Pariselements The to Augustperiod be haveprocess law. Abuthis AgreementConferencekey international until to throughIndeed,2019 been Dhabi couldofto be ortheconfer havea organizedSecretary referendumtheslowly be.UN2019 the parliamentary andfailed wereCDA legitimacy TheActionsupport Constitutional Agreementleftthe explicitly, to toprocess General“on out“adopt Novemberprovide Plan is and a of held.to constitutional for the and recognition athe thusand report alsoa roadmap LibyaclearDeclaration UNSMIL’s future parliamentarian 2018while failedfalls on guidelineadopted Palermo theconstitutionalLibya shortaimed tofor basis”, prioritiesConstitutionprovide remainsthe states ofin at until referendumDeclaration mentioningSeptember concluding but elections, thenow, that asLibya’s dotrack. CDA wellwas butthenot DeclarationConstitutionalanfirstframework,ortoprotractedDialogueNationsIncouldtheproposal.”which 2018, end attempting, importantonly be Constitutionwouldthe the Support“normal”considered. (HD), transition Thisconstitutionalreport themselves.for include breach stressedDeclaration, throughinstancephrasing Mission of andof the period. recommendations 1951, tolegitimate National theother The drawingprocess,thehintsin generalHoldingLibyaor as risks institutional political the that wellConference way,upon (UNSMIL)andand February frustrationsthe electionsas consequencescriticizedand means, previous referendumontoTHE processhowthatthe Process,by Committeein CONSTITUTIONAL tothe toother theLPA theofdocuments draft addressthe Centre absenceininability is facilitatedand of options Libyan placeno sucha Proposal),newthelonger thefor of (suchofbreach since people to Constitutional Humanitarianpoliticalconstitutionala for referendum“address considered the as the arewithwould Libya’s United elites 2011hard the it”be Aboutto predict. this Report wereillustrateintheThelostgatheredbringsforlegitimacyinternationalinto Libya futurelegal, constitutional varioustheinobjectivesreport conducted thetogether other sincepolitical,various before. elections. political of isexisting basedthecommunity,possible of1951. in between points,The thisvariousprocess and process,a Itlaws,on didactic To reportlegal issocialoptions. a meantseventeen support comprehensive constitutionaldecrees,Maybyin report and Libyachallengesexposes analysingmanner andItas looks aimsthe aissince qualitativedecisionsJuly knowledge to how argument,toat sources provide theto2019 its andguide howlegalPROCESS thestrict beginning,respective legal and init referendum,interviews both analysis aoftool can Libya.legality comprehensive feed constitutionalinformationframeworks decision-makersforbe IN in intofoundFor decisionlegal and LIBYAandorder with whilesecurity the alegitimacy validityagain. key desk tothat on analysismakers,frameworks alsounderstand overviewinformants the reviewwerereasons, and andlooking table, were and thenot of politically; MainTowardsStatesdoSeniormemberThethe not informantsreport FindingsThe reflectAgencyProgram Aof HoR Constitutional wasthe thefor2018 GNC,chose writtenAdvisor Internationalpositions vote Hisham to with atonremain Referendum? ABA the ofsupport Al the ROLIreferendumDevelopment. Windi,anonymous. American Libya. from mediation AkramThe law Bar views is Associationexpert,contestedGnine, contained lawyerand both orKora in ofand legallythis the Andrieu, former reportUnited and TheDraftingOnrise.the electoralas ✓against JulyCDAproposalopinionTheSupporters 29th,trackAssembly districts districts,HSC,maininternational the of was and2017, inlessprovisionspoints particular,isvotedof (CDA)the andnecessary populatedafterthe ofreferendum, bycommunity the approvedoppositionreferendum 43of2 considers scenario yearsoutthe to areas prevent ofLPA; an of 44encouragingaredid official and attendingdeliberation,inlawthe aroundnot acase majorityreferendumminorities;argue provide draftof the CDA otherathat vote ofdivision “no”the clear members,the lawthealternative that Libyan Libyanvote; publicanddivision wouldof Libya the Constitutionand Constitution.support not optionsHoR inthein reflect three vote, vote to tosurroundingWhilethatdidandsufficientlyit.theonewas callTwo✓ not meetingmajority.consideredotherexcluded forthe Tebuadopt another EasternCDA itsprotect andHowever,CDA acertain building legalfullyvote issued, vote members constituenciesthe federalsince tookcandidates and 10 inrights shortlyal-Bayda,CDA sent,theplace governancerejected ofmembers,Constitutional on afterminorities.fromin did CDAJuly highly thenot therunning 30,President includingmodel, draftacceptvote, 2017,LegaltensedThe Declaration Analysis forfederalists,on a andofficial itNouhstrong boycotters, presidency.theconditions,either, and because Review Al-Moghrabibasis letters requiresstatement partly the that didit with to setmonarchists, because notatheit 2/3refusedagainstcriteriadid riotersattend House plus not it transitionalofbeforeAccordingonethe Provisionsprepare(HSC) Representativespreparing HSCmonth andthe forare toto theonend aftera period. aArticleexpected Article referendum.the referendumHigh of having constitutionalthe (HoR), 51National23 CDA’s to of ofreceived providethe the and workPresidencyLibyanElection LPA, generalprocess thewritten to the Political document.establish Commission HoR elections inCouncil opinions the andAgreement LPA a (PC), the jointlaws, on (HNEC), HSC thecommittee to (LPA), High drafthaveput asking anState theConstitutiontwo endin HoR them monthsCouncilcharge
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Strategy for Success in Libya
    A Strategy for Success in Libya Emily Estelle NOVEMBER 2017 A Strategy for Success in Libya Emily Estelle NOVEMBER 2017 AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE © 2017 by the American Enterprise Institute. All rights reserved. The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit, 501(c)(3) educational organization and does not take institutional positions on any issues. The views expressed here are those of the author(s). Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................1 Why the US Must Act in Libya Now ............................................................................................................................1 Wrong Problem, Wrong Strategy ............................................................................................................................... 2 What to Do ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Reframing US Policy in Libya .................................................................................................. 5 America’s Opportunity in Libya ................................................................................................................................. 6 The US Approach in Libya ............................................................................................................................................ 6 The Current Situation
    [Show full text]
  • Libya Country Report Matteo Capasso, Jędrzej Czerep, Andrea Dessì, Gabriella Sanchez
    Libya Country Report Matteo Capasso, Jędrzej Czerep, Andrea Dessì, Gabriella Sanchez This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 769886 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Project Project acronym: EU-LISTCO Project full title: Europe’s External Action and the Dual Challenges of Limited Statehood and Contested Order Grant agreement no.: 769886 Funding scheme: H2020 Project start date: 01/03/2018 Project duration: 36 months Call topic: ENG-GLOBALLY-02-2017 Shifting global geopolitics and Europe’s preparedness for managing risks, mitigation actions and fostering peace Project website: https://www.eu-listco.net/ Document Deliverable number: XX Deliverable title: Libya: A Country Report Due date of deliverable: XX Actual submission date: XXX Editors: XXX Authors: Matteo Capasso, Jędrzej Czerep, Andrea Dessì, Gabriella Sanchez Reviewers: XXX Participating beneficiaries: XXX Work Package no.: WP4 Work Package title: Risks and Threats in Areas of Limited Statehood and Contested Order in the EU’s Eastern and Southern Surroundings Work Package leader: EUI Work Package participants: FUB, PSR, Bilkent, CIDOB, EUI, Sciences Po, GIP, IDC, IAI, PISM, UIPP, CED Dissemination level: Public Nature: Report Version: 1 Draft/Final: Final No of pages (including cover): 38 2 “More than ever, Libyans are now fighting the wars of other countries, which appear content to fight to the last Libyan and to see the country entirely destroyed in order to settle their own scores”1 1. INTRODUCTION This study on Libya is one of a series of reports prepared within the framework of the EU- LISTCO project, funded under the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme.
    [Show full text]
  • The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
    PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elghawary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE
    [Show full text]
  • The Prospect of Libya
    FHSMUN GULF COAST 7 UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL THE SITUATION IN LIBYA Author: Brian D. Sutliff “The prospect of Libya in freefall should give all pause, especially the vulnerable neighbours.”1 “…ensuring the democratic rights of the Libyan people, the need for a consensual government based on the principle of separation of powers, oversight and balance between them, as well as the need to empower state institutions like the Government of National Accord so that they can address the serious challenges ahead, respect for the Libyan judiciary and its independence.”2 Introduction In the aftermath of the Arab Spring of 2011 and subsequent regime changes in Egypt and Tunisia, the overthrow of Muammar Qaddafi’s3 42-year long reign unleashed violence and reprisals that continue to rend Libya’s fragile social fabric and threaten to destabilize the broader region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). While the Fund for Peace currently ranks Libya as the 28th most fragile country, simultaneously the Fund ranks Libya as experiencing the most severe deterioration of its situation over the last 10 years (2009-2019).4 Renewed violence and continued power struggles exacerbate existing regional and/or ethnic/tribal rivalries within Libya, while also attracting the attention of both neighboring and global powers. The violence and instability of the past 8 years, exemplified by General Khalifa Hiftar’s renewed assault on Tripoli, starkly illustrate the profound need for a just and enduring political solution. Scale of the Problem The estimates for the numbers of Libyans killed, wounded, and displaced, including those who have fled the country, do not garner the same attention and focus as the horrific totals emanating from Syria, but Libya’s population is approximately 35% that of Syria’s 1 International Crisis Group (ICG), “The Libyan Political Agreement: Time for a Reset”, Middle East and North Africa Report No.
    [Show full text]
  • Brookings Doha Center - Stanford University Project on Arab Transitions
    CENTER ON DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT & THE RULE OF LAW STANFORD UNIVERSITY BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER - STANFORD UNIVERSITY PROJECT ON ARAB TRANSITIONS PAPER SERIES Number 4, March 2014 PERSONNEL CHANGE OR PERSONAL CHANGE? RETHINKING LIBYA’S POLITICAL ISOLATION LAW ROMAN DAVID AND HOUDA MZIOUDET PROGRAM ON ARAB REFORM AND DEMOCRACY, CDDRL B ROOKINGS The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high- quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars. Copyright © 2014 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/doha T A B LE OF C ON T EN T S I. Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................1 II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 III. The Political Isolation Law and its Alternatives ...............................................................4 IV. Assessing the PIL and its Reconciliatory Alternatives ....................................................7 Establishment of a Trustworthy Government ..........................................................,..7
    [Show full text]
  • Libya Brief | No
    Libya Brief | no. 10 June 2021 Regional Program Political Dialogue South Mediterranean Libya’s Constitutional Quagmire 1 Nedra Cherif0F Abstract While significant milestones have recently been reached in the Libyan political dialogue held under the United Nations’ auspices since November 2020, including the establishment of a new government of national unity, the holding of general elections set for December 2021 has now become the main focus of attention and a top priority of both the Libyan stakeholders and their international partners. However, persistent disagreement on the constitutional basis needed to hold these elections, and in particular on whether to rely on the draft constitution issued by Libya’s constituent assembly in 2017 or on an alternative document, may undermine the progress achieved so far and hamper the completion of the agreed roadmap. This paper will attempt to review the main obstacles that have prevented the adoption of a permanent constitution in Libya to date, and assess whether the various constitutional options currently under discussion could provide a relevant basis for Libya’s next elections. 1 Nedra Cherif is a Research Collaborator with the EUI Middle East Directions Program, Florence, Italy. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Regional Program Political Dialogue South Mediterranean June 2021 2 Introduction On 4 May, UN Special Envoy Ján Kubiš submitted to the participants of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) the proposal elaborated by the LPDF’s Legal Committee to serve as a possible constitutional basis for Libya’s next elections set for 24 December, hoping to bring an end to the months-long deadlock on this matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghosts of the Past: the Muslim Brotherhood and Its Struggle for Legitimacy in Post‑Qaddafi Libya
    Ghosts of the Past: The Muslim Brotherhood and its Struggle for Legitimacy in post‑Qaddafi Libya Inga Kristina Trauthig ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author of this paper is Inga Kristina Trauthig. She wishes to thank Emaddedin Badi for his review and invaluable comments and feedback. The opinions expressed in this article are the author’s own. CONTACT DETAILS For questions, queries and additional copies of this report, please contact: ICSR King’s College London Strand London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom T. +44 20 7848 2098 E. [email protected] Twitter: @icsr_centre Like all other ICSR publications, this report can be downloaded free of charge from the ICSR website at www.icsr.info. © ICSR 2018 Rxxntxxgrxxtxxng ISIS Sxxppxxrtxxrs xxn Syrxx: Effxxrts, Prxxrxxtxxs xxnd Chxxllxxngxxs Table of Contents Key Terms and Acronyms 2 Executive Summary 3 1 Introduction 5 2 The Muslim Brotherhood in Libya pre-2011 – Persecuted, Demonised and Dominated by Exile Structures 9 3 The Muslim Brotherhood’s Role During the 2011 Revolution and the Birth of its Political Party – Gaining a Foothold in the Country, Shrewd Political Manoeuvring and Punching above its Weight 15 4 The Muslim Brotherhood’s Quest for Legitimacy in the Libyan Political Sphere as the “True Bearer of Islam” 23 5 Conclusion 31 Notes and Bibliography 35 1 Key Terms and Acronyms Al-tajammu’-u al-watanī – Arabic for National Gathering or National Assembly GNA – Government of National Accord GNC – General National Council Hizb al-Adala wa’l-Tamiyya – JCP in Arabic HSC – High State Council Ikhwān – Arabic for
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation
    DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation “Historical Origins of the Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya: A Theoretical Analysis” Verfasser Mohamed Alfughi angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr.phil.) Wien, Juni 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 784 300 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hans-Georg Heinrich ii Dedication To my parents iii Acknowledgment Timeless gratitude goes first to my supervisor Dr Hans Georg Heinrich for his patience, support and profound supervision, without which the dissertation could not have been produced. Second, my thanks to editors Abigail Rasminsky and Karin Zambra for helping me to bring about this work in a better shape. Lastly also timeless thanks to my friends and colleagues for their support, and profitable feedback. iv Abstract This study is an endeavor towards a structural explanation of the origins of the Arab Spring. In other words, it is an analysis based on the long-term trajectory that led to this climactic event. As to date, most literature is focused on the economic and social factors, which in this study are a controlled variable. As a revisited account of the theory of revolution, the study embarks on the extension of Theda Skocpol’s structural theory of social revolution (1979). Our hypothesis is that the origins of the Arab spring are what I call a political modernization situation in which new trends emerged namely: intellectual current, new organizational framework and international pressure. This may coincide with a rigidity of the ruling elite and a chance of ousting the ruling elite. Through the methodology of comparative historical analysis, the presence of these three con- ditions shall be confirmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Independent Evaluation of UNDP's Libya
    Independent Evaluation of UNDP’s Electoral Assistance Project 2012-16 Independent Evaluation of UNDP’s Libya Electoral Assistance Project (LEAP), 2012-16 Final Report Independent Evaluators: Mr. Finn Reske-Nielsen Mr. Steven Wagenseil Mr. Ahmed Shalghoum 8 March 2017 1 Independent Evaluation of UNDP’s Electoral Assistance Project 2012-16 Table of Contents Executive summary p. 3 Introduction p. 5 Methodology of the evaluation p. 5 Background p. 6 Objectives and planned outputs of LEAP p. 7 Institutional and management arrangements p. 9 Financing p. 10 Brief evaluation of LEAP’s performance by outcome and outputs p. 12 Validity of project design and relevance p. 15 Management arrangements p. 17 Efficiency of resource use p. 20 Impact and sustainability of the project p. 22 Conclusions and lessons learned p. 24 Recommendations for future UN support to elections in Libya p. 26 Annexes 1-7 p. 32 2 Independent Evaluation of UNDP’s Electoral Assistance Project 2012-16 Executive Summary The evaluation of the project Libya Electoral Assistance Project (LEAP) was commissioned by the UNDP Libya country office in December 2016 to assess the extent to which the project over its lifetime (2012-16) had achieved its objectives and to make recommendations regarding possible UNDP support to future Libyan electoral events. The evaluation team, composed of Mr. Finn Reske-Nielsen, a former Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations, and Mr. Steven Wagenseil, a retired US State Department Foreign Service Officer and Electoral Expert, conducted its work over a 30-day period between 12 December 2016 and 23 February 20171. A representative of the donor community, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • 5.20.21 Libya Elections Newsletter
    Thursday, March 25, 2021 Washington, D.C. Libya: What Is Needed for December 24 Elections to Happen - May 20, 2021 Introduction In November 2020, Stephanie Williams, The event was held virtually on May 20, head of the United Nations Support 2021. Participants included: Mission in Libya, announced that the country would hold national elections on Salmin Asaad, Women’s Rights Activist December 24, 2021. The date is symbolic for citizens of the country, Mohamed Eljarh, Political Analyst and being Libyan Independence Day. Researcher Per Ms. Williams, candidates for Mohammed Hmadi, Youth and Civil executive positions are being asked to Society Organizer adhere to the principles of inclusivity, transparency, efficiency, pluralism, Zahra' Langhi, participant in the 75- collegiality, and patriotism. The elections member Libyan Political Dialogue Forum are celebrated as a clear path toward (LPDF); CEO, Libyan Women’s Platform inclusive and democratic public life in for Peace Libya. Dr. Sasha Toperich, Senior Executive At the same time, there are some who Vice President of TLN, moderated the remain skeptical of the timeline. The conversation. Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) facilitated an interim executive authority in February 2021 to lead the country toward national elections. However, some questions how institutions will be rebuilt and strengthened after the irreparable damage caused by Haftar’s failed campaign. This was the backdrop of TLN’s recent panel event “Libya: What Is Needed for December 24 Elections to Happen.” Libya: What Is Needed for December 24 Elections to Happen - May 20, 2021 Panel Conversation Salmin Asaad Women’s Rights Activist the same mistakes of past elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Libya Inside Libya
    REGIONAL PROGRAM POLITICAL DIALOGUE SOUTH MEDITERRANEAN INSIDE LIBYA INSIDE LIBYA February 2021 No°7 WWW.KAS.DE/POLDIMED REGIONAL PROGRAM POLITICAL DIALOGUE SOUTH MEDITERRANEAN FOREWORD The Regional Program Political Dialogue South Mediterranean (PolDiMed) of the Konrad-Ade- nauer-Stiftung (KAS) in cooperation with LIBYA DESK™ is delighted to continue our monthly reports on Libya for 2021. This format examines the most important political, economic and social developments of the previous month, which are of central importance for understanding the situation in Libya. The report is based on reliable Libyan sources and provides a summary and a contextualisation of developments in the wider Libyan context. The report is usually being published every first week of each month. While much attention has been paid to the external and geopolitical dimensions of the situa- tion in Libya, voices from within Libya are central to understanding local developments and the evolution of the Libyan conflict as well as its impact on the wider Mediterranean region. As an inclusive Libyan-led and Libyan-owned mediation with regards to the political, economic and military tracks are without alternative, these monthly reports emphasise the most important events within Libya and aim to give a better picture of what happens “Inside Libya”. INSIDE LIBYA Based on existing KAS-PolDiMed formats such as the Libya Brief and the Libya Task Force, we consider it necessary to shed light on the dynamics within Libya and to emphasise the impor- tance of continuing and facilitating a national dialogue process in the spirit of the UN-led Berlin process. We hope that these monthly reports will give our readers a better picture of the dynamics of the ongoing Libyan conflict, its actors and multiple dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaining Legitimacy in Post-Qaddafi Libya: Analysing Attempts of The
    societies Article Gaining Legitimacy in Post-Qaddafi Libya: Analysing Attempts of the Muslim Brotherhood Inga Kristina Trauthig War Studies, King’s College, London WC2R 2LS, UK; [email protected] Received: 5 August 2019; Accepted: 27 August 2019; Published: 13 September 2019 Abstract: The Libyan Muslim Brotherhood needed to manoeuvre underground for several decades, just as most opposition groups in Libya had to—because of the repression from the Qaddafi regime. In 2012, however, the political wing of the Libyan Muslim Brotherhood (LMB), the Justice and Construction Party (JCP, sometimes also called the Justice and Development Party) participated in popular elections just shortly after its inception. Seven years later, one can unanimously say that the movement was not able to take power in the country. This paper will analyse the LMB in post-revolutionary Libya by concentrating on the attempts of establishing legitimacy in the political sphere—while continuously being informed by historical influences. Methodologically, the paper examines primary sources, key academic texts but also factors in interview data from semi-structured interviews. Overall, the paper addresses the puzzle of why Libya as a predominantly Sunni, conservative country did not translate into a conservative Sunni movement like the LMB faring well; with that, derailing the impression that the whole region was “going Islamist” after the so-called Arab Spring. The LMB today is still influenced by the historical treatment it received under Qaddafi, which lead it to base itself mostly in exile, hence it struggled to entrench itself in the country. The LMB was pointed towards their opponents’ fearmongering of an alleged Islamist takeover, mostly without addressing self-inflicted wounds, such as their inability to unite or to convince major parts of the population of their political programme.
    [Show full text]