For a Scientist and Man of Letters, Two Faces and a Mask
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John the Painter
THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME LXIII JANUARY, 1939 NUMBER ONE John the Painter HIS is the tale of an aberrated Scotsman who stepped momen- tarily into the spotlight of history during the American Revo- Tlution, and, for a brief, fantastic space, sent shivers rippling along the spines of Lord North's cabinet, and spread consternation throughout the length and breadth of merry England. He was born plain James Aitken, an unprepossessing infant in the brood of an indigent Edinburgh blacksmith. Dangling from a gibbet in Ports- mouth town, he departed this life, in 1777, famous or infamous, as John the Painter. Twice James Aitken's crimes flared red on the British horizon—an incendiary whose distorted mind interpreted the torch of liberty as literal rather than allegoric -y who set himself, single-handed, to destroy the might of the king's navy. Boasting him- self an agent of the American Congress, this insignificant little Scottish zealot, ere his destructive path ended, had burned to the ground his majesty's rope house in the Portsmouth navy yard, and had started two alarming, if not serious, fires in busy Bristol. Harken, then, to the tale of James Aitken, alias James Hill, other- wise James Hinde, commonly called, as the old court record set forth, John the Painter. Silas Deane's French servant probably eyed with repugnance the shabby little man, who, for the third time, was insisting upon an 2 WILLIAM BELL CLARK January audience with his employer. Twice before the devoted servant, who regarded any Englishman as inimical to his patron's welfare, had dismissed him summarily. -
American Revolution End Notes
American Revolution End Notes 1 This article was written by Frank J Rafalko, Chief 12 Letter from George Washington to Governor Jonathan Community Training Branch, National Trumball, November 15, 1775 in which Washington Counterintelligence Center inserted the resolve of Congress he received from John Hancock regarding Church 2 Thomas Hutchinson came from a prominent New England family In 1737, despite his familys 13 This article was written by Frank J Rafalko, Chief, admonishment to him about going into politics, he was Community Training Branch, National elected to the Massachusetts House of Representative Counterintelligence Center He later served as Chief Justice of the colony and then royal governor 14 Col Jacobus Swartwout (d1826), commander of the 3 Francis Bernard was the nephew of Lord Barrington, 2d Dutchess County Regiment of Minute Men the secretary of state for war in London Barrington arranged for Bernard to be appointed as royal governor 15 Johnathan Fowler of New Jersey, but after two years Bernard move to Massachusetts to become royal governor there He was 16 James Kip recalled to London in 1769 17 This article was written by Dan Lovelace, National 4 Dr Benjamin Church Counterintelligence Center 5 AJ Langguth, Patriots The Men Who Started the 18 Carl Van Dorens description of Benedict Arnold in his American Revolution, Simon and Schuster, New York, Secret History of the American Revolution 1988, p 311 19 This article is copyrighted by Eric Evans Rafalko and 6 Edmund R Thompson, ed, Secret New England Spies used with his -
2015 May Christopher Rivera.Pdf (1.964Mb)
School of Graduate Studies Colorado State University–Pueblo 2200 Bonforte Boulevard Pueblo, Colorado 81001 (719) 549–2100 “INTO DUST AND OBSCURITY”: SILAS DEANE AND THE DRAFTING OF THE 1778 TREATY OF ALLIANCE by Christopher Michael-Anthony Rivera _____________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY–PUEBLO Pueblo, Colorado, USA MAY 2015 Master’s Thesis Committee: Advisor: Dr. Matthew L. Harris Dr. Paul Conrad Dr. Brigid Vance STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted and approved for the partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at Colorado State University–Pueblo. It is deposited in the University Library and available to borrowers of the library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowed without special permission, provided that, accurate acknowledgment of their source is indicated. Requests for permission to use extended quotations, or to reproduce the manuscript in whole or in part, may be granted by the History Graduate Program or the Graduate Studies Director in History in the interest of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Signed: __________________________________________________ __________________________________________ APPROVAL BY THESIS ADVISOR THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED ON THE DATE SHOWN BELOW: ________________________________ ____________ Dr. Matthew Harris Date Committee Chair Professor of History ________________________________ ____________ Graduate Studies Director in History Date Dr. Matthew Harris “INTO DUST AND OBSCURITY”: SILAS DEANE AND THE DRAFTING OF THE 1778 TREATY OF ALLIANCE by Christopher Michael-Anthony Rivera Silas Deane’s role during the American Revolution has been examined by numerous academics, including George Clark, Jonathan Dull, Julian Boyd, Richard Morris, David Jayne Hill, and Walter Isaacson. -
A Counterintelligence Reader, Volume 1, Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 The American Revolution and the Post-Revolutionary Era: A Historical Legacy Introduction From 1774 to 1783, the British government and its upstart American colony became locked in an increasingly bitter struggle as the Americans moved from violent protest over British colonial policies to independence As this scenario developed, intelligence and counterintelligence played important roles in Americas fight for freedom and British efforts to save its empire It is apparent that British General Thomas Gage, commander of the British forces in North America since 1763, had good intelligence on the growing rebel movement in the Massachusetts colony prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord His highest paid spy, Dr Benjamin Church, sat in the inner circle of the small group of men plotting against the British Gage failed miserably, however, in the covert action and counterintelligence fields Gages successor, General Howe, shunned the use of intelligence assets, which impacted significantly on the British efforts General Clinton, who replaced Howe, built an admirable espionage network but by then it was too late to prevent the American colonies from achieving their independence On the other hand, George Washington was a first class intelligence officer who placed great reliance on intelligence and kept a very personal hand on his intelligence operations Washington also made excellent use of offensive counterintelligence operations but never created a unit or organization to conduct defensive counterintelligence or to coordinate its -
American Historians and the Diplomacy of the American Revolution| an Historiographical Study
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1974 American historians and the diplomacy of the American Revolution| An historiographical study Laurie Joy Wood The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wood, Laurie Joy, "American historians and the diplomacy of the American Revolution| An historiographical study" (1974). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1510. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1510 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN HISTORIANS AND THE DIPLOMACY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AN HISTORIOGRAPHICAL STUDY By Laurie Joy Wood B.A., Principia College, 1972 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1974 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Djg^an"^ Gi>^duate School /y/ H7X. Date UMI Number; EP36207 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT UMI EP36207 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). -
Revolutionary New Hampshire and the Loyalist Experience: "Surely We Have Deserved a Better Fate"
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1983 REVOLUTIONARY NEW HAMPSHIRE AND THE LOYALIST EXPERIENCE: "SURELY WE HAVE DESERVED A BETTER FATE" ROBERT MUNRO BROWN Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation BROWN, ROBERT MUNRO, "REVOLUTIONARY NEW HAMPSHIRE AND THE LOYALIST EXPERIENCE: "SURELY WE HAVE DESERVED A BETTER FATE"" (1983). Doctoral Dissertations. 1351. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1351 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. -
John Paul Jones Andguerre De Razzia James C. Bradford
John Paul Jones and Guerre de Razzia James C. Bradford La stratégie navale se divise traditionnellement en deux écoles de pensée: le raid marchand et le raid d'escadre. Pendant la Guerre d'indépendance américaine, John Paul Jones prôna une troisième stratégie: le raid des ports et avant-postes de l'Empire situés dans les régions côtières des îles britanniques. Son but stratégique était de forcer l'Angleterre à disperser les navires de la Marine royale. La Marine continentale ne disposait pas des navires nécessaires aux attaques que voulait mener Jones contre l'Afrique, la baie d'Hudson et Terre-Neuve, mais avec les ressources limitées dont il disposait, il attaqua les centres de pêche de Nouvelle-Ecosse ainsi que le port de Whitehaven, en Angleterre. Il tenta d'obtenir la participation de Leith, en Ecosse. Naval historians and strategists traditionally divide naval strategy into one of two schools, guerre de course, often referred to as commerce raiding, and guerre d'escadre, a strategy focussing on large warships deployed in fleets designed to engage similar enemy vessels similarly organized. The labels for both groups come from nineteenth-century France where theorists of the Jeune École applied methods of analysis common to land warfare to the study of conflict at sea. Proponents of the Jeune École theorized that recent technological developments had rendered obsolete the fleet actions so characteristic of warfare under sail during its highest stage of development. They conceded that such engagements may well have determined the outcome of the Wars of the French Revolution and Empire, but members of the Jeune École pointed out that they were virtually absent from the wars of the mid- and late-nineteenth century. -
ROGERS-DOCUMENT-2018.Pdf
Abstract Jefferson’s Sons: Notes on the State of Virginia and Virginian Antislavery, 1760–1832 by Cara J. Rogers This dissertation examines the fascinating early life of Thomas Jefferson’s book, Notes on the State of Virginia, from its innocuous composition in the early 1780s to its appropriation as a political weapon by both pro and antislavery forces in the early nineteenth century. Initially written as a statistical introduction to Virginia for French readers, Jefferson’s book evolved into an intellectual tour de force that covered almost all facets of the state’s natural and political realms. As part of an antislavery education strategy, Jefferson also decided to include a treatise on the nature of racial difference, as well as a manifesto on the corrupting power of slavery in a republic and a plan for emancipation and colonization. In consequence, his book—for better or worse—defined the boundaries of future debates over the place of black people in American society. Although historians have rightly criticized Jefferson for his racism and failure to free his own slaves, his antislavery intentions for the Notes have received only cursory notice, partly because the original manuscript was not available for detailed examination until recently. By analyzing Jefferson’s complex revision process, this dissertation traces the ways in which his views on race and slavery evolved as he considered how best to persuade younger slaveholders to embrace emancipation. It then moves beyond Jefferson to examine contemporary responses to the Notes from white and black intellectuals and politicians, concluding with an attempt by Jefferson’s grandson to implement elements of the Notes’ emancipation plan during Virginia’s 1831-32 slavery debates. -
Benjamin Franklin: Statesman-Scientist & the Father of Scientific Statecraft by Barbara Pfeffer Billauer1
Benjamin Franklin: Statesman-Scientist & The Father of Scientific Statecraft by Barbara Pfeffer Billauer1 “When you look at all instruments of statecraft and how that's pulled together, I think the ambassadors are uniquely poised.”~ Henry Crumpton In the spring of 1785,2 seven and a half years after his diplomatic mission to France began, Benjamin Franklin left France for the last time. Plagued by a furious gout attack, the voyage would have begun in utter agony had Marie Antoinette not sent her personal sedan chair3 to ferry him to the ship that would carry him back to America. 4 And so Franklin, the first American Diplomat and Ambassador Plenipotentiary5, left his French home in Passy to return to the newly conceived, egalitarian nation he had helped midwife, transported in the grandeur and comfort of the royal carriage. It can be argued that diplomatic success is heavily dependent on the negotiating skills of the diplomat, augmented by, inter alia, one part preparation, one part cunning and one part communication skills – or rather the ability to manipulate the art of dialogue to the benefit of one’s mother country. Yet, there must certainly be more to the equation. For, while the huge financial aid bequeathed to the nascent country by the French (estimated to be about 1.3 billion dollars in today’s currency) bankrupted the Bourbon throne and resulted in the beheading of its monarchs, the amity and regard afforded to Franklin, agent provocateur of the French foreign aid policy, remained untarnished. (On news of Franklin’s death in 1790, the National Assembly went into mourning for three days, according to his biographer Claude-Anne Lopez, making it “the first political body in the world to pay homage to a citizen from another land”). -
Silas Deane Papers
Silas Deane Papers A Guide to the Silas Deane Papers at the Connecticut Historical Society Collection Overview Repository : Connecticut Historical Society Creator : Deane, Silas Title : Silas Deane Papers Dates : 1740 - 1782 Extent : 7 linear feet (11 boxes) Abstract : Personal and business correspondence, writings, business and legal papers, and accounts relating overseas activity. Also included is the Memorial to Congress, documents supporting the claims of Silas Deane's heirs against the US government. Series 6 contains correspondence of Barnabas Deane, Silas' brother. Location: Ms Deans1789 Language: English Biographical Sketch Silas Deane was born December 24, 1737 in Ledyard, CT, son of Silas Dean (sic), a blacksmith and land speculator, and Sarah Barker Dean, formerly of Marshfield, MA. Following his 1758 graduation from Yale College, Deane taught school in Hartford and read for the bar. One of his pupils was Edward Bancroft, later a notorious doctor turned British agent, who served as Secretary to the American Commission in Paris. Deane met his first wife, Mehitable Webb, while settling the estate of her late husband, Joseph Webb. Deane and Mehitable Webb married in 1763. They had one son, Jesse. Mehitable Deane died in 1767. Three years later Deane married Elizabeth Saltonstall, granddaughter of a governor and daughter of a general. Through his marriages Deane gained financial security and earned social prominence in Wethersfield. He pursued his legal profession but was engaged chiefly as a merchant and West Indian trader. Silas Deane papers, 1740-1782 Deane was active in his community's church and represented Wethersfield for several terms in the Connecticut Assembly. He participated enthusiastically in the protests against British commercial policy. -
The Undetected Spy Edward Bancroft
3 The Undetected Spy Edward Bancroft It is impossible . to prevent Being watch’d by Spies. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Charlevois, “Nothing to Hide.” The Revolutionary War was fought against the backdrop of eighteenth- century European rivalries, particularly the bitter conflict between France and Great Britain. France had lost Canada to Great Britain in the Seven Years’ War and was eager to exploit British conflicts with the colonies to counter the defeat. At the same time, France could not risk another war with Great Britain by openly supporting the American cause. Covert sup- port, however, offered an attractive alternative. The American colonies sorely needed arms and supplies to fight the King’s Army, and the Continental Congress had established a Committee on Secret Correspondence to seek military assistance and win political support for the colonies among Great Britain’s adversaries in Europe. In December 1775 the French foreign minister dispatched a merchant, Julien de Bonvouloir, to approach Benjamin Franklin about a secret channel between the Continental Congress and France. Bonvouloir and Franklin agreed that, in exchange for American commodities, France would open its ports to American ships and covertly provide arms and military sup- plies through a front company.1 29 This content downloaded from 198.91.37.2 on Thu, 30 Jun 2016 19:18:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Revolutionary War The Continental Congress sent Silas Deane, a Connecticut delegate, to Paris as liaison for the covert effort. Deane had never traveled abroad, spoke no French, and was out of his depth amid the foreign intrigues of Paris. -
Edward Bancroft (@ Edwd
Edward Bancroft (@ Edwd. Edwards), Estimable Spy Sketch of a successful British penetration at high level into the American Revolutionary effort. The American Revolution, as John Bakeless illustrates with copious detail in his recent book,1 teemed with spies and undercover agents, military and political, on both sides. What often seems surprising, in the hindsight of the current age of highly organized espionage, is that rather inexpertly camouflaged penetrations went undetected by those on the other side astute enough to employ clandestine means themselves, who therefore should have known what to expect of the enemy. Certainly a man with Benjamin Franklin's reputation for astuteness should not have been taken in and milked for years by a British agent making his maiden venture into espionage. Yet Edward Bancroft, whom Franklin appointed, worked with, and defended as private secretary to himself and Silas Deane, American commissioners in Paris, did just that, with untold damage to the American cause. Praised, accused, and vindicated, he maintained his cover almost in perpetuity. When his agent role was unmasked he had been dead for 68 years. The story of this man of many talents has never been assembled and published in one piece. Sufficient material is extant, however, scattered in scholarly papers on the history of the times, to afford glimpses of his life and the outlines of his potent espionage activity against the Americans in Paris, made possible by his native ability and abetted by the failure of Benjamin Franklin and others to take the most elementary counterintelligence precautions. Recruitment of a Polymath Bancroft was born in Westfield, Massachusetts, on January 9, 1744.