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Revolutionary New Hampshire and the Loyalist Experience: "Surely We Have Deserved a Better Fate"

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Revolutionary New Hampshire and the Loyalist Experience: University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1983 REVOLUTIONARY NEW HAMPSHIRE AND THE LOYALIST EXPERIENCE: "SURELY WE HAVE DESERVED A BETTER FATE" ROBERT MUNRO BROWN Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation BROWN, ROBERT MUNRO, "REVOLUTIONARY NEW HAMPSHIRE AND THE LOYALIST EXPERIENCE: "SURELY WE HAVE DESERVED A BETTER FATE"" (1983). Doctoral Dissertations. 1351. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1351 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University M ottfilm s International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8322728 Brown, Robert Munro REVOLUTIONARY NEW HAMPSHIRE AND THE LOYALIST EXPERIENCE: "SURELY WE HAVE DESERVED A BETTER FATE" University oi New Hampshire Ph.D. 1983 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1983 by Brown, Robert Munro All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. REVOLUTIONARY NEW HAMPSHIRE AND THE LOYALIST EXPERIENCE "SURELY WE HAVE DESERVED A BETTER FATE" BY Robert Munro Brown B.A., Ursinus College, 1973 M.A., Rivier College, 1978 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History May, 1983 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 1983 ROBERT MUNRO BROWN i i A Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation has been examined and approved. \ Dissertation director, Robert C. Gilmore Prof. of History CAJ. Charles E. Clark, Prof. of History Robert M. Mennel, Prof. of History O ^ P / ? . David R. Starbuck Prof. of Historical Archaeology $ 3 ~ 6 j u . d z d t - y i — Johmjp. Page, Director New Hampshire Historical Society / f f i T Date ' f T 4 A Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i Quite a few individuals and institutions were of invaluable i assistance in helping the author research the material for this : dissertation. Many long hours were spent in the Jinrary at the New Hampshire Historical Society, where Librarian William N. Copeley and 'i Manuscripts Cataloguer Thomas E. Camden took time from their busy schedules to help me go through the records and find pertinent infor­ mation, Frank C, Mevers, New Hampshire State Archivist, provided the same extraordinary service at the State of New Hampshire Records and Archieves Center, Alan Dunlop, of the Public Archives of Nova Scotia, f i and Kathryn Hilder of the Harriet Irving Library of the University of New Brunswick deserve special thanks for going out of their way in attempting to trace certain individuals and for setting the author right about certain aspects of the Loyalist experience in Canada, Archives personnel at the University of New Hampshire library, the Dartmouth College library, the New Hampshire State Library, and the Shelburne County Museum in Nova Scotia were all tremendously helpful. Thanks also goes out to Patricia Riley and Priscilla DiBona for their friendly assistance in completing the work. A great debt of gratitude goes to the Central University Research Fund of the University of New Hampshire for a grant of travel expenses, which enabled me to pursue the Loyalists into Atlantic Canada. Without this financial assistance, the dissertation would have unfortunately lacked a final chapter. iv i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. | I owe very much to my advisor and mentor, Professor Robert C. | \ Gilmore, who first peaked my interest in the Loyalist experience. His I knowledge of the field and his interest in the topic helped to keep me i i going, and also kept me headed in the right direction. ] Lastly, and most importantly, I would like to express my thanks i to my parents for their support, and to Claudia, who kept my spirits i .up and my feet on the ground. Her understanding, interest, and sympathy I ■j throughout the long days, the difficulties, and the discouragements I made the journey much easier. v i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.. .............. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......................... viii LIST OF MAPS................................. ix ABSTRACT............................................................. * CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION: THE LOYALIST PERSPECTIVE............................ 1 I. THE OLD REGIME................................. 10 II. THE LAST HOURS OF ROYAL RULE................................. 42 III, LOYALIST IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL.......................... 66 IV. CATEGORIES OF LOYALISTS...................................... 107 The Royal Governor. ...................................... Ill Governmental Loyalists..................................... 113 Military Loyalists,.......... 124 Professional Loyalists ..... 135 Commercial Loyalists.............. 149 Psychological Loyalists, ............ 150 Conclusion.................. .'.............................. 101 V. LOYALISTS IN THE KING'S SERVICE.............................. 171 Counterfeiting.,........................................... 172 Secret Services............................................ 173 Military Services.......................................... 180 Conclusion......... 193 VI. PEACE AND EXILE.............................................. 199 vi i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 — 1 s 3 CHAPTER PAGE i I CONCLUSION: THE LOYALISTS1 LEGACY................................... 224 ■i} APPENDICES........................................................... 237 A. LOYALISTS HISTORIOGRAPHY....................................... 238 ; B. ASSOCIATION TEST RESULTS...................................... 274 C. LOYALISTS ACCORDING TO THE ACTS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND THE LONDON CLAIMS......................................... 276 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................... 278 vii J Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OP ABBREVIATIONS DCL Dartmouth College Library HIL-UNB Harriet Irving Library - University of New Brunswick NHHS New Hampshire Historical Society NHPP New Hampshire Provincial Papers NHRAC New Hampshire Records and Archives Center NHSL New Hampshire State Library NHSP New Hampshire State Papers PANS Public Archives of Nova Scotia SCM Shelburne County Museum Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ! ■<( % LIST OF MAPS Map 1 - New Hampshire in 1794 ...........
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