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Ngāti Maniapoto Mana Tangata Scoping Report for a Ng Āti Maniapoto Oral and Traditional History Project

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Ngāti Maniapoto Mana Tangata Scoping Report for a Ng Āti Maniapoto Oral and Traditional History Project NGĀTI MANIAPOTO MANA TANGATA SCOPING REPORT FOR A NG ĀTI MANIAPOTO ORAL AND TRADITIONAL HISTORY PROJECT Prepared for the Ng āti Maniapoto claimants for the Rohe Pōtae Inquiry (Wai 898) and Commissioned by the Crown Forestry Rental Trust Paul Meredith, Rewi Nankivell and Robert Joseph November 2010 THE AUTHORS Paul Meredith is Ng āti Kaputuhi, a hap ū of Ng āti Maniapoto. He has a law degree and a first class honours in Māori Studies from Waikato University. Previously a Senior Research Fellow with Te Mātāhauariki Institute, Paul was a key researcher for a major historical project on Māori customary legal concepts. He has also provided historical research and translations for the Crown Forestry Rental Trust (CFRT), the Office of the Treaty Settlements (OTS), the Crown Law Office and Iwi. Paul is currently employed in the Office of the Pro- Vice Chancellor Māori at Victoria University of Wellington where he has also taught Māori land law in the School of Law and nineteenth-century Māori-Pakeha history in the History Department. Rewi Nankivell is of Ng āti Rora, a hap ū of Ng āti Maniapoto. He holds several qualifications including a Master of Arts degree in Māori Development / Māori Studies and a Postgraduate Diploma in Management Studies. Rewi has a library / research background working at the University of Waikato (Hamilton) Library and the New Zealand Film Archives (Wellington). Rewi has also worked at the Waitangi Tribunal (Wellington) before taking up a senior management position at Raroera Campus, Te W ānanga o Aotearoa, Hamilton. Rewi currently works at Head Office, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa as a kaiarahi / programme manager of the Business Programmes, 2009. Robert Joseph is of Ng āti Paretekawa, a hap ū of Ng āti Maniapoto. He holds a PhD in law from Waikato University. Dr Joseph is a former Senior Research Fellow with Te Mātāhauariki Institute. Dr Joseph is currently a lecturer in Te Piringa Faculty of Law at the University of Waikato. He is a published academic and has experience researching with and for Iwi organisations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Verity Smith of the Crown Forestry Rental Trust for her advice, support and patience. Among Maniapoto kaum ātua who met with us, we wish to thank all for their time and willingness to share. Though the opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors, the project was a collaborative enterprise. Disclaimers –The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Crown Forestry Rental Trust, the Waitangi Tribunal, the Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor Māori at Victoria University of Wellington, Te W ānanga o Aotearoa in Hamilton, or Te Piringa Faculty of Law at the University of Waikato. The researchers also apologise for any editing errors in this scoping report. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in this report, no warranty or representation is provided regarding the accuracy of such information, and the authors and the Crown Forestry Rental Trust do no accept liability for any losses or damage arising directly or indirectly from reliance on the information. 2 CONTENTS A INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................7 THE SCOPING REPORT ..................................................................................................................7 ORAL AND TRADITIONAL HISTORY PROJECT........................................................................9 ROHE P ŌTAE INQUIRY................................................................................................................10 REPORT OUTLINE.........................................................................................................................12 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................................................12 B NG ĀTI MANIAPOTO TE IWI....................................................................................................14 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................14 Ng āti Maniapoto me nga Korero Whakapapa...............................................................................14 Written Form.................................................................................................................................15 Native Land Court Records...........................................................................................................17 Written and Recorded Whakapapa ...............................................................................................17 Debatable Whakapapa...................................................................................................................19 Whakapapa Hui.............................................................................................................................23 He Whakapapa Timata i a Io.........................................................................................................25 Tainui te Waka, Hoturoa te Tangata - Tainui is the Canoe, Hoturoa is the Man..........................32 Tainui Taonga ...............................................................................................................................36 Tūrongo.........................................................................................................................................38 Maniapoto – Te Manu Whatukura................................................................................................45 Te Kawairirangi ............................................................................................................................47 A Tribal Motto ..............................................................................................................................47 Maniapoto Iwi and Hap ū Identity.....................................................................................................48 Hap ū..............................................................................................................................................48 Marae ............................................................................................................................................55 Te Rohe P ōtae o Maniapoto..............................................................................................................55 Whenua Tautohetohe ....................................................................................................................57 3 Northern Rohe P ōtae Boundary - Maniapoto and Waikato/Ng āti Apakura beyond the Puniu River..............................................................................................................................................60 The Eastern Rohe P ōtae Boundary - Ng āti Raukawa and Ng āti Maniapoto ................................62 Western Rohe P ōtae Boundary - Ng āti Maniapoto and Ng āti Hikairo.........................................63 South Western Rohe P ōtae Boundary - Ng āti Maniapoto and Ng āti Tama..................................64 South Eastern Rohe P ōtae Boundary - Ng āti Maniapoto and Ng āti Tuwharetoa .........................65 South Central Rohe P ōtae Boundary - Ng āti Maniapoto and Ng āti Haua/Whanganui.................66 Survey Plans and Maps – Simplified Version of a Complex Reality ...........................................67 Rohe P ōtae Conceptually..............................................................................................................73 Te Taenga mai o te Pākeh ā - Coming of the P ākeh ā ........................................................................76 Pākeh ā–Māori Unions...................................................................................................................77 Economic Ventures.......................................................................................................................77 Maniapoto me te K īngitanga: Te P ūna Roimata 2010......................................................................81 Nga Pakanga – New Zealand Wars...................................................................................................86 Te Ohaaki Tapu: Ng āti Maniapoto and its Sacred Compact............................................................95 June 1883 Petition.......................................................................................................................104 19 December 1883 Letters ..........................................................................................................104 Wahanui’s addresses, House of Representatives and Legislature, November 1884...................105 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................105 C DOCUMENTARY SOURCES...................................................................................................106 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................106 1) DICTIONARY OF NEW ZEALAND BIOGRAPHIES ....................................................107 2) THE NEW ZEALAND RAILWAY MAGAZINE.............................................................124 3) APPENDICES TO JOURNAL OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (AJHR) ....133
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