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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS, AMBIENTAIS E BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS CURSO DE MESTRADO DIVERSIDADE DE FERRUGENS (Pucciniales) NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO JAQUELINE MARIA OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO CRUZ DAS ALMAS-BAHIA FEVEREIRO – 2013 DIVERSIDADE DE FERRUGENS (Pucciniales) NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO JAQUELINE MARIA OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO Engenheira Agrônoma Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 2010 Dissertação submetida ao Colegiado do Curso do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ciências Agrárias, Área de Concentração Fitotecnia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Teodoro de Souza Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Aníbal Alves de Carvalho Júnior UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS CRUZ DAS ALMAS - BAHIA - 2013 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA N244 Nascimento, Jaqueline Maria Oliveira do. Diversidade de ferrugens (Pucciniales) no Noredeste Brasileiro / Jaqueline Maria Oliveira do Nascimento._ Cruz das Almas, BA, 2013. 81f.; il. Orientador: Jorge Teodoro de Souza. Ficha elaborada Dissertação pela Biblioteca (Mestrado) Universitária – Universidade de Cruz das Federal Almas -do UFRB. Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas. 1.Fitopatologia – Plantas. 2.Fungos – Doenças. 3.Diversidade biológica. I.Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas. II.Título. CDD: 632.3 Ficha elaborada pela Biblioteca Universitária de Cruz das Almas - UFRB. Aos meus pais, minha irmã e ao meu namorado pelo apoio, companheirismo e dedicação que sempre tens comigo. Dedico Agradecimentos Em primeiro lugar a Deus, pelas oportunidades que me tem concedido. Aos meus pais Jair e Jandira pelo amor, apoio, carinho e exemplos de perseverança, humildade e honestidade. A minha amada e inseparável irmã Jamile Maria que sempre me incentivou a seguir meus sonhos. A Paulo Henrique pelo amor, apoio, dedicação e carinho. A todos os meus amigos, mas principalmente os feitos durante esse período, pelo aprendizado, momentos compartilhados e alem de tudo, pelas trocas valiosas de conhecimentos. Ao meu Orientador o Dr. Jorge pelo apoio, conselhos e pelas contribuições na execução do trabalho. Ao meu co-orientador o Dr. Aníbal pelos seus ensinamentos, dedicação e paciência, alem da disponibilização do laboratório de Microscopia do Instituto de Pesquisa do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro- RJ. Aos técnicos e toda a equipe do Bloco L, da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, pelo bom atendimento no desenvolvimento do trabalho. Ao laboratório de Fitopatologia da EMBRAPA na pessoa do Dr. Hermes, onde comecei a iniciação científica e tenho total admiração, pelo valioso incentivo e apoio à pesquisa e pelo carinho e amizade. A todos os Professores e a equipe do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Aos pesquisadores e Professores do Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Ao Sr. Sirilo, Rosangela, Dona Cleo e Célia, pessoas a quem sou eternamente grata pela atenção, carinho e a hospedagem durante estadias no Rio de Janeiro. A CAPES pela bolsa concedida para realização desse trabalho. Enfim a todos que contribuíram direta e indiretamente para a realização desta etapa em minha vida. Muito obrigada!!! SUMÁRIO Página Resumo Abstract Introdução geral..................................................................................... 01 Referências bibliográficas..................................................................... 02 Capítulo 1 FERRUGENS DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: UMA REVISÃO 03 1. Região Nordeste ............................................................................... 04 2. Situação atual das ferrugens do Nordeste........................................ 05 Considerações finais............................................................................. 10 Referências bibliográficas..................................................................... 11 Capítulo 2 LEVANTAMENTO PRELIMINAR DE FERRUGENS EM ALGUMAS ÁREAS DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO 13 Resumo ............................................................................................... 14 Abstract ............................................................................................... 15 Introdução............................................................................................ 16 Material e métodos.............................................................................. 18 Resultados e discussão...................................................................... 18 Anamorfos............................................................................................ 22 Aecidium brasiliense.............................................................................. 22 Aecidium byrsonimatis…………………………………………………...... 22 Aecidium lindavianum............................................................................ 23 Aecidium randiicola............................................................................... 24 Teleomorfos......................................................................................... 26 Cerotelium coccoloba........................................................................... 26 Crossopsora hymenaeae..................................................................... 27 Dasyspora gregária............................................................................... 28 Kimuromyces cerradensis.................................................................... 29 Maravalia allophyli................................................................................ 30 Phakopsora coca.................................................................................. 31 Phakopsora colubrinae........................................................................ 32 Prospodium appendiculatum……………………………………………… 33 Prospodium bicristatum........................................................................ 34 Prospodium palmatum.......................................................................... 36 Puccinia arachidis................................................................................ 37 Puccinia arechavaletae......................................................................... 38 Puccinia crassipes………………………………………………………… 39 Puccinia cucumeris………………………………………………………… 41 Puccinia cyperi……………………………………………………………… 41 Puccinia heterospora……………………………………………………… 42 Puccinia hydrocotyles........................................................................... 44 Puccinia improcera………………………………………………………… 46 Puccinia lantanae................................................................................. 47 Puccinia lateritia…………………………………………………………… 48 Puccinia leonotidicola........................................................................... 49 Puccinia mogiphanis………………………………………………………. 50 Puccinia nakanishikii……………………………………………………….. 51 Puccinia neorotundata......................................................................... 52 Puccinia oahuensis……………………………………………………….. 53 Puccinia palicoureae............................................................................ 54 Puccinia picturata…………………………………………………………. 55 Puccinia psidii...................................................................................... 57 Puccinia subcoronata........................................................................... 59 Puccinia substriata.............................................................................. 60 Puccinia thaliae.................................................................................... 61 Puccinia velata.................................................................................... 62 Puccinia xanthii…………………………………………………………… 63 Ravenelia cenostigmatis..................................................................... 64 Sphenospora smilacina…………………………………………………… 65 Uromyces blainvilleae…………………………………………………….. 66 Uromyces ipatingae............................................................................. 67 Considerações finais.......................................................................... 70 Referências bibliográficas.................................................................. 71 DIVERSIDADE DE FERRUGENS (Pucciniales) NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO Autora: Jaqueline Maria Oliveira do Nascimento Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Teodoro de Souza Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Anibal Alves de Carvalho Júnior RESUMO: Ferrugens são doenças de plantas causadas por fungos da ordem Pucciniales, do subfilo Pucciniomycota e filo Basidiomycota. São assim denominadas uma vez que algumas ferrugens mais conhecidas apresentam lesões amareladas de aspecto ferruginoso denominadas pústulas que são constituídas por estruturas reprodutivas do fungo. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a diversidade de ferrugens do Nordeste brasileiro e identificar espécies de Pucciniales por meio de caracteres morfológicos. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas de plantas com sintomas e sinais de ferrugens em cinco áreas de conservação na região Nordeste. Em uma revisão bibliográfica foi possível constatar a existência de 141 espécies de ferrugens distribuídas em 28 gêneros e 9 famílias para a região Nordeste. Foram examinadas 50 plantas hopedeiras e identificadas 41 espécies de Pucciniales, representativos de 12 gêneros (onze teleomorfos e um anamorfo), sendo uma nova citação para o Brasil
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    N.C. Flower Growers Page 6 output, assuming a 70% efficient natural gas AirCirculation. Adequateairmovement heating system would be -60. If you exchange around and within the plant canopy is necessary aireveryeveningduring September 1-December to prevent condensation on foliage that could 15, you have increased your heating bill for the lead to botrytis blight. Also, as plants transpire, entire greenhouse byonly$6.36. Thecost ofone the airimmediately surrounding leavesbecomes fungicide application (material + labor + saturated with water vapor and RH approaches equipment depreciation) for botrytis control in 100%, increasing the chances of botrytis the same greenhouse would be greater than the infection. Proper air circulation can increase increase in the heating cost. foliar transpiration and increase evaporation of Temperature. Temperaturemanipulation soilmoisturefrom the soil surface, thus removing for control ofpests is more difficult than control excess soil moisture. Unfortunately, all the ofrelative humidity. The greenhouse should be additional watervaporincreases the ambientRH keep close to temperatures optimum for plant of the greenhouse, so air exchanges become production. However, growers should be aware even more important. oftemperature and how it affects pesticides and Spacing. Crowding plantsresults in leggy pests. Forexample, pesticide applicationsmade growth and stretching of shoots. Inadequate in the middle of the day when greenhouse spacing also reduces aircirculation, can increase temperaturesarehighestcanleadto phototoxicity disease potential, and decreases pesticide anddamage plants. Ifgreenhousesaremaintained coverage. It is recognizedthat a 15" x 15"is not too cool, much below 60°F, the incidence of aseconomical as 12" x 12" ifthe onlyeconomic Pythium and Thielaviopsis can increase. On the factor considered is $/ft2, but crop quality and other hand, pathogens such zsPhytophthora and cost ofpest controls must also be considered as Rhizoctonia prefer warmer temperatures and economic factors when deciding on spacing.
  • Environmental Variation Mediates the Deleterious Effects of Coleosporium Ipomoeae on Ipomoea Purpurea

    Environmental Variation Mediates the Deleterious Effects of Coleosporium Ipomoeae on Ipomoea Purpurea

    Ecology, 87(3), 2006, pp. 675±685 q 2006 by the Ecological Society of America ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION MEDIATES THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF COLEOSPORIUM IPOMOEAE ON IPOMOEA PURPUREA JOEL M. KNISKERN1 AND MARK D. RAUSHER Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA Abstract. Variation in the environment is common within and between natural popu- lations and may in¯uence selection on plant resistance by altering the level of damage or the ®tness consequences of damage from plant enemies. While much is known about how environmental variation in¯uences the amount of damage a plant experiences, few studies have attempted to determine how variation in the environment may alter the ®tness con- sequences of damage, particularly in plant±pathogen interactions. In this work we manip- ulated a rust pathogen, Coleosporium ipomoeae, in ®eld experiments and showed that this pathogen reduced several components of ®tness in its natural host plant, Ipomoea purpurea. Furthermore, we showed that the deleterious effects of C. ipomoeae were variable. We identi®ed variation in the quality of a plant's microenvironment, the abundance of secondary enemy damage, and the length of a growing season as variable components of the envi- ronment that may in¯uence the magnitude of damage and tolerance, causing the interaction between C. ipomoeae and I. purpurea to vary from parasitism to commensalism. Consid- ering how environmental variation impacts the magnitude and negative ®tness effects of pathogen damage is important to understanding spatially variable selection and coevolution in this and other plant±pathogen interactions. Key words: Coleosporium ipomoeae; compensation; environmental variation; Ipomoea purpurea; phytometer; plant±pathogen interactions; tolerance.