Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 DOI 10.1007/s11557-007-0526-0

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A new , Dicheirinia panamensis, and new records of fungi from Panama

José R. Hernández & Meike Piepenbring & Maritza Betzaida Vega Rios

Received: 13 July 2006 /Revised: 15 November 2006 /Accepted: 19 January 2007 /Published online: 11 April 2007 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag 2007

Abstract Based on a recent fieldwork in Panama, 25 species Jackson (1926), Standley (1927), Kern and Chardón of rust fungi and several new hosts are reported for the first (1927), Kern (1938), Hennen and Cummins (1956), Jørstad time from this country. Among the new records is one new (1957), Toler et al. (1959), Ramachar and Cummins (1965), species, Dicheirinia panamensis on rufescens Cummins (1978), Buriticá and Hennen (1980), Ono and (). It differs from known species in the genus Hennen (1983), Hennen and McCain (1993), Buriticá Dicheirinia by the presence of uredinia and telia without (1999a, b), Berndt (2002), Hernández and Hennen (2003), paraphyses, irregularly tuberculate urediniospores with two Hernández et al. (n.d.), and Piepenbring (2005). In total, germ pores on the flattened sides, and tuberculate telio- only about 67 species of rust fungi are known from Panama spores formed by three probasidial cells, subtended by a (Piepenbring 2006), although diversity of is very pedicel with three hyaline, apical cells. high and rusts are common in this country. Several days of intensive field work in Panama yielded numerous new records of rust species, new host records, Introduction and a species of Dicheirinia on Fabaceae that is different from all known species and therefore described as new. Among the first fungi reported from Panama were rusts collected by N.G. Lagerheim (Dietel 1894). Since then, data on rust fungi (Uredinales, ) from Panama Materials and methods have been published by numerous authors: Arthur (1918), Fresh specimens were collected from 24–29 November 2004 mainly in the province of Chiriquí, not only in agri- Taxonomical novelty: Dicheirinia panamensis J.R. Hern., cultural fields and natural topical forest but also on road- M. Piepenbr. and Vega Rios. sides between Panama City and Chiriquí. Collections were J. R. Hernández (*) pressed in a conventional press and slowly dried in an Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, USDA/ARS, electric drier. For microscopic examination, material was 10300 Baltimore Ave., mounted in aqueous lactic acid and examined using a Zeiss Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA e-mail: [email protected] Axioplan 2 microscope with bright-field optics. Size ranges in species descriptions are based on at least 20 measure- M. Piepenbring ments of each structure. Digital images were taken using a Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Nikon Coolpix 995 and a Nikon DXM 1200. Drawings J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany were done with a drawing mirror or free hand on scaled e-mail: [email protected] paper, redrawn with ink, and scanned. SEM pictures were taken from spores dusted onto double-adhesive tape, M. B. Vega Rios covered during 45 s at 5 kV with gold, and observed with Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Chiriqui, Panama a Hitachi S4500. Plates were made using Adobe Photoshop e-mail: [email protected] Elements 2.0 and Corel Draw 12. Specimens from BPI were 82 Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 examined for comparison with different species of Dicheir- Dicheirinia solenioides Cummins on sp. (as inia and also with other rusts reported in this paper. Authority Nectandra aff. rigida). Brazil, São Francisco, Apr. 1885, names are based on recommendations given in Authors of leg. E. Ule, II-III (BPI 143136), isotype. Fungal Names (CABI): http://www.indexfungorum.org/ FungalNameAuthors.pdf. Host plants were identified by Dicheirinia spinulosa (J. W. Baxter) J.F. Hennen and the authors as well as Ralph Mangelsdorff (University of Cummins on Leucaena sp. Mexico (locality unknown), Frankfurt) and Joe Kirkbride and John Wiersema (USDA- intercepted at the Nogales Plant Quarantine Station (Ari- ARS, SBML, Beltsville). Collections were deposited at the zona, USA) by J.M. Kaiser and D. Noel, III (BPI 115592), Herbario Nacional of the Universidad de Panamá (PMA) isotype of Diorchidium spinulosum J.W. Baxter. and at the US National Collection (BPI). DNA was extracted from leaves of Desmodium sp. and Dicheirinia superba H. S. Jacks. and Holw. on Piptadenia Phaseolus multiflorus var. coccineus containing sori using sp. (originally erroneously reported as Inga sp.). Brazil, Rio the PureLink Plant DNA Reagent (Invitrogen), and the de Janeiro, Petropolis, 20 Oct 1921, leg. E.W.D. and M.M. identity of P. meibomiae was confirmed using the polymer- Holway 1234, 0-III (BPI 143138), isotype. ase chain reaction (PCR) protocol (Frederick et al. 2002) with Ppm1/Ppa2 primers.

Results Specimens of Dicheirinia examined Dicheirinia panamensis J.R. Hern., M. Piepenbr. and Vega Dicheirinia archeri Cummins on Lonchocarpus nicou DC. Rios, sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Surinam, Scotelweg, 2 Nov. 1934, leg. W.A. Archer H-256, 0-III (BPI 143084), isotype. Etymology The name of the species is based on the country where it was collected. Dicheirinia binata (Berkeley and Curtis) Arthur on Ery- Spermogonia et aecia ignota. Uredinia amphigena, prae- thrina sp. Guatemala, Livingston, Dept. Izabal, 18 Jan. cipue abaxialia, dispersa vel aggregata, ca. 0.1–1 mm longa, 1905, leg. W.A. Kellerman 5465, II (BPI 143091), isotype 0.5–1 (2) lata, cinnamomea, subepidermalia, erumpentia; of Uredo cabreriana Kern. and Kell. On Erythrina glauca urediniosporae (30) 37–45 (52)×(15) 19–25 (27) μm, leviter Willd, Venezuela, near Los Caobos, 28 Apr. 1934, leg. F.D. complanatae, visae de parte lato obovoideae, ellipsoideae, Kern and R.A. Toro 1713, II (BPI 853921). Venezuela, road sphaeroideae vel stellatae, cinnamomeae, episporio tuber- from Caracas to El Valle, 950 m, 9 July 1932, leg. culato praecipue marginis sporae, pori germinationis 2, Chardón and Toro, II (BPI 143115). On Erythrina crista- aequatoriis, pedicello hyaline, fragili, 4–5 μm lato. Telia galli, Puerto Rico, Agr. Exp. Sta. Mayaguez, 7 July 1924, amphigena, praecipue abaxialia, atro-rufo-brunnea, rotunda leg. H.H. Whetzel, F.D. Kern and R.A. Toro 2415, II (BPI vel elongata, ad 1 mm diam., subepidermalia, erumpentia; 853922). teliosporae (30) 36–40 μm longae, (31) 38–45 (48) μm latae, atro-cinnamomea, 3-cellulares, cellula 19–24×24–26 μm, Dicheirinia guianensis Cummins on L. nicou DC, Guyana, pariete 2–4 μm crassa, tuberculata, tuberculis ad 3 μm Bonisiki Landing, Arawau River, North West District, 16 longae; pedicellus hyalinus, 5–7 μm latus, 3 cellulis July 1934, leg. W.A. Archer H-248, 0-I-II-III (BPI 143120), apicalibus hyalinis, una pro singulis cellulis probasidialibus. Isotype, intercepted at New York. On Lonchocarpus sp., 3 Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia amphigenous, June 1938, leg. Insp. Hodson, 0-I-II-III (BPI 143119). mainly hypophyllous, scattered or more or less grouped, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, 0.1–1 mm diameter, Dicheirinia manaosensis (Henn.) Cummins (=Diorchidium cinnamon brown, sometimes on round chlorotic areas of manaosensis Henn.) on Lonchocarpus rariflorus Martius. the leaf up to 0.5 cm, old lesions brown, up to 1 cm diameter; Brazil, Manáos, Rio Negro, Aug 1900, leg. E. Ule, III urediniospores (30) 37–45 (52)×(15) 19–25 (27) μm, some- (BPI 143122, Mycotheca brasiliensis No. 11), isotype. On what flattened, in side view ovoid, ellipsoid, spheroid, Lonchocarpus sp. Colombia, Letecia, 15 Oct. 1943, leg. C. star-shaped, cinnamon brown, cell wall 2–4 μm thick, O. Grassl 10098, III (BPI 853923). tuberculate, tubercles 2–10 μm long, 2–5 μm wide and tapering to a blunt apex, arranged mainly on margin of Dicheirinia ormosiae (Arthur) Cummins (=Puccinia ormo- spores, sometimes at apex as a crown, sometimes tubercles siae Arthur) on Ormosia krugii Urban, Puerto Rico, El very conspicuous giving spore a divided appearance, germ Yunque, 14 Apr. 1916, leg. H.H. Whetzel and E.W. Olive pores two, equatorial, in center of flattened side of spores, 276, II-III (BPI143124), isotype. pedicel hyaline, fragile, 4–5 μm wide. Telia amphigenous, Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 83

Fig. 1 Dicheirinia panamensis on . a Leaf with Piepenbring and Vega 3518), scale bar=2 mm. c Teliospores, as seen groups of uredinia and telia (from Piepenbring and Vega 3518). b by LM (from BPI 871146, type), scale bar=20 μm. d Urediniospores Group of uredinia and telia, as seen with the stereo microscope (from as seen by LM (from BPI 871146, type), scale bar=20 μm mainly hypophyllous, close to uredinia, dark chestnut Other specimens examined: at the same place on the same brown, round, sometimes elongated, up to 1 mm diameter, host plant, 27 Aug. 2005, leg. M. Piepenbring and M. Vega subepidermal becoming erumpent; teliospores sometimes in Ríos 3518 (PMA); 6 Nov. 2005, M. Piepenbring 3680 uredinia, (30) 36–40 μm long, (31) 38–45 (48) μm wide, (PMA). yellowish when young, dark cinnamon brown when old, On Fabaceae indet. Panama, Chiriquí, Boquete, three probasidial cells delimited by vertical septa, probasidial 08°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández cells 19–24×24–26 μm, wall 2–4 μm, outer wall tubercu- and M. Vega Rios 2004-122, II-III (BPI 871147, PMA). late, tubercles up to 3 μm long, tapering to a blunt apex; pedicel hyaline, 5–7 μm wide, with three apical hyaline cells (12×5 μm), one subtending each probasidial cell. Discussion

Holotypus On C. rufescens (Benth.) Britton (Fabaceae, Species of Raveneliaceae (Uredinales) are particularly subfamily ). Panama, Chiriquí, Boquete, diverse on Fabaceae in the tropics (Hernández and Hennen 08°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. 2002). This family includes species in numerous genera, Hernández and M. Vega Rios 2004-120, II-III (BPI among which species of Dicheirinia, Diorchidium, Dior- 871146). Isotype in PMA. chidiella, Hapalophragmium, and Ravenelia are morpho- 84 Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91

Fig. 2 Uredinium, uredinio- spores, and teliospores of Dicheirinia panamensis, as seen by LM. a–c Urediniospores (from type). d Longitudinal section of part of an uredinium (from Piepenbring 3680). e–h Teliospores (from type)

logically somewhat similar. Species of Dicheirinia differ deae (Albizia, Archidendropsis,andLeucaena). Up to now, from species of the other genera by vertically septate, no other rusts have been reported on the host species C. tuberculate teliospores, subtended by a hyaline pedicel with rufescens. Dicheirinia panamensis differs from other species one apical cell for each probasidial cell. The type species of in the genus by the presence of flattened, tuberculate the genus is D. binata (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Arthur (≡ urediniospores of irregular shape with two germ pores and Triphragmium binatum Berk. and M.A. Curtis) on Eryth- teliospores with three probasidial cells. rina sp. from Nicaragua. Twelve species of Dicheirinia Eight of the Dicheirinia species are known only from the have been described on the three subfamilies of Fabaceae Americas. D. archeri Cummins was described on L. nicou (Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003): (Cassia), (Aubl.) DC. from Peru (Spaulding 1961) and Surinam (Abrus, Chamaecytisus, Cytisus, Erythrina, Lon- (Cummins 1937) and on L. urucu Killip and A.C. Sm. and chocarpus, Ormosia, Piptadenia,andTeline), and Mimosoi- L. utilis A.C. Sm. also from Peru (Spaulding 1961). It is a Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 85

Fig. 3 Dicheirinia panamensis, as seen by SEM (from type), scale bars=10 μm. a, b Urediniospores, with central germpore. c, d Three-celled teliospores

microcyclic rust with spermogonia and telia and teliospores the probasidial cells. D. ormosiae (Arthur) Cummins was with two probasidial cells. D. binata (Berk. and M.A. reported on O. krugii Urb. from Puerto Rico, Santo Curtis) Arthur was reported on species of Erythrina and an Domingo, and Virgin Islands (Cummins 1935; Stevenson unknown host (type specimen) from Central America, the 1975) and on Ormosia nobilis Tul. from Brazil (Hennen et Caribbean, and tropical South America (Farr et al. 2004). It al. 1982). It differs from all other species of the genus in has paraphysate uredinia, strongly echinulate uredinio- having a single intercalary cell bearing teliospores with two spores with three to four germ pores, and teliospores with probasidial cells (Hennen et al. 2005). Its uredinia and telia two probasidial cells. D. guianensis Cummins was reported include characteristically branched paraphyses. D. sole- on L. nicou (Aubl.) DC. from French Guiana and Guyana nioides (Henn.) Cummins was reported on Ormosia (Cummins 1937; Hernández et al. 2005a, b; Spaulding monosperma (Sw.) Urb. (=Ormosia dasycarpa Jacks.) and 1961) and is a macrocyclic rust. The aeciospores and Ormosia sp. from Brazil (Cummins 1940; Jørstad 1959). It urediniospores are similar to each other and have an produces uredinia and telia with cylindrical hyaline paraph- irregular triangular shape with one germ pore in each angle yses, triangular, echinulate urediniospores, and teliospores of the spore. The teliospores of both species have three with two prominently echinulate probasidial cells. D. probasidial cells, but those of D. guianensis are less spinulosa (J.W. Baxter) J.F. Hennen and Cummins was prominently tuberculate than in D. panamensis. Dicheirinia reported on Cassia sp. and Leucaena sp. from Mexico manaoensis (Henn.) Cummins was reported on L. rariflorus (Cummins 1978; Gallegos and Cummins 1981; Hennen and Mart. ex Benth. from Brazil (Hennen et al. 2005) and on Cummins 1973). It produces only telia, which have Lonchocarpus sp. from Brazil and Colombia (Buriticá and teliospores with two to eight probasidial cells. D. superba Pardo-Cardona 1996;Hennenetal.2005;Kernand H.S. Jacks. and Holw., reported on Piptadenia sp. from Thurston 1954). Spermogonia and telia were reported for Brazil (Cummins 1935; Hennen et al. 2005; Jackson 1931), this species: teliospores mostly with three probasidial cells, produces spermogonia and telia; teliospores have two (38) 44–55 (65) μm high and (36) 40–55 (59) μm wide, (rarely three) verrucose probasidial cells with cubical with tubercles or plaques up to 8 μm thick at the apex of projections. 86 Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91

Four species of Dicheirinia were reported from outside has larger urediniospores that are variable in shape and the Americas. Dicheirinia canariensis Urries was reported strongly tuberculate and larger teliospores with block-like on Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. f.) Link (as Cytisus tubercles. Dicheirinia trispora Cummins was reported on proliferus L. f.), Cytisus congestus Ball, Cytisus perezii Abrus precatorius L. from Mauritius (Cummins 1960). Hutch., and Teline canariensis (L.) Webb and Berth. (as According to Cummins (1960), it is microcyclic producing canariensis L.) from Canary Islands (Gjaerum 1987; spermogonia and telia with teliospores 26–34×30–40 μm, Jørstad 1958;Urries1954, 1957). D. canariensis produced which are smaller than those of D. panamensis. Dicheir- only telia, which are paraphysate, and the teliospores have inia viennotii B. Huguenin was reported on Archidendrop- two to three probasidial cells. Dicheirinia maderensis sis granulosa (Labill.) I.C. Nielsen [=Albizia granulosa Gjaerum was reported on leaves of cf. Teline maderensis (Labill.) Benth.] from New Caledonia (Huguenin 1966). It Webb and Berth. from Madeira (Portugal). We did not is a macrocyclic rust that produces urediniospores with five examine the type specimen of this species, but, according equatorial germ pores, 26.3–36.8×19.3–33.3 μm, and to Gjaerum (1982), it produces uredinia with uredinio- teliospores with two probasidial cells, 29.8–38.5× spores subgloboid to ellipsoid, often attenuated at the apex, 18.9–33.3 μm, with smooth walls. 27–31×18–21 μm, echinulate, and telia with teliospores Hennen et al. (1998) considered Allotelium mirabile Syd. 20–29×11–13.5 μm with few warts, while D. panamensis to belong to the genus Dicheirinia. Cummins and Hiratsuka

Key to species of Dicheirinia

1. Teliospores composed of one or two probasidial cells

2. Telia aparaphysate

3. Teliospores verrucose …………………………………...…...…...….. D. maderensis

3. Teliospores smooth ………………….……………..…………………… D. viennotii

2. Telia paraphysate

4. Paraphyses cauliflower-like …………………………………………… D. ormosiae

4. Paraphyses not cauliflower-like

5. Teliospore ornamentation digitate, projections up to 12 µm .……. D. binata

5. Teliospore ornamentation bead-like

6. Paraphyses cylindrical ………………………………………… D. superba

6. Paraphyses otherwise

7. Paraphyses clavate-capitate ………………………………….. D. archeri

7. Paraphyses cylindrical to slightly clavate

8. Paraphyses peripheral ………….……………………… D. solenoides

8. Paraphyses intermingled with teliospores ...………...... D. canariensis Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 87

1. Teliospores mostly composed of three or four probasidial cells

9. Teliospores mostly composed of four probasidial cells ………………. D. spinulosa

9. Teliospores mostly composed of three probasidial cells

10. Telia aparaphysate

11. Urediniospores present, flattened, irregularly tuberculated ...... D. panamensis

11. Urediniospores absent …………………………………..………. D. trispora

10. Telia paraphysate

12. Abundant peripheral branched paraphyses, uredinia produced .. D. guianensis

12. Few peripheral paraphyses, uredinia not produced ...... D. manaoensis

(2003) recognized Allotelium as a separate genus with two plumeriae Pat. on Plumeria sp. Panama, species, A. mirabile Syd. and A. calliandrae (R. Berndt) Y. Chiriquí Province, Quebrada Cermeño, Cascada, 8°30.598′N, Hirats., based on the lack of uredinia and the telia that are 82°26.193′W, 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and R. covered by a peridium for a long time. Mangelsdorff 2004-148, II-III (BPI 864104). C. plumeriae was reported from the Caribbean, Central New records America, Mexico, northern South America and the USA (Florida and Hawaii). It has also been reported from Twenty-five new records of rust fungi for Panama are listed Micronesia, a green house in Canada (Farr et al. 2004), below, which bring the total of rusts known from Panama to and Nigeria (Hernández et al. 2005a, b). This is the first 92. The considerable number of new records obtained, report of C. plumeriae from Panama. based on specimens collected in less than 1 week, suggests that we are still far from knowing the complete diversity of Coleosporium vernoniae Berk. and M.A. Curtis on Ele- rusts in Panama. In Costa Rica, a neighboring country with phantopus mollis Kunth. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Volcán, similar plant diversity where rusts have been collected 8°47.398′N, 82°40.565′W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández much more intensively than in Panama, 292 species are 2004-101, II (BPI 864106). Panama, Chiriquí Province, known (Berndt 2004). Boquete, 8°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and M. Vega Rios 2004-125, II (BPI 864107). New records of rusts in Panama C. vernoniae was reported from the Caribbean, Central, North and South America, and China on species in the Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schwein.) Burrill on Ipomoea sp. Asteraceae and Pinaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernández et al. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Distrito de Alanje, La Barqueta, 2005a, b). This is the first report of C. vernoniae from 8°18.258′N, 82°34.822′W, 27 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández Panama. 2004-134, II-III (BPI 864101). Panama, Chiriquí Province, Quebrada Cermeño, Cascada, 8°30.598′N, 82°26.193′W, 28 Desmella aneimiae Syd. and P. Syd. on Thelypteris sp. Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and R. Mangelsdorff 2004- Panama, Chiriquí Province, San Felix, 8°16.387′N, 149, II (BPI 864102). 81°51.71′W, 29 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-153, C. ipomoeae is widespread in Central, North, South II-III (BPI 864108). America and the Caribbean and is reported from several D. aneimiae was reported from Mexico to Argentina countries in Africa and Asia on species in the Convolvulaceae and the Caribbean on species in the Blechnaceae, and Pinaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Nephroleptidaceae, This is the first report of C. ipomoeae from Panama. Schizaeaceae, Pteridaceae, and Thelypteridaceae (Farr et 88 Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report P. hemerocallidis was reported from Asia, Australia, of D. aneimiae from Panama. Costa Rica, and the USA (Farr et al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2002). This is the first report of P. hemerocallidis from Gerwasia pittieriana (Henn.) León-Gall. and Cummins on Panama. Rubus sp. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Boquete, 8°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and Puccinia heterospora Berk. and M.A. Curtis on Hibiscus M.VegaRios2004-123,II(BPI864110). sp. Panama, Chiriquí Province, David, El Cabrero, G. pittieriana was reported from Costa Rica and Mexico UNACHI, 8°25.947′N, 82°27.045′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. on species of Rubus (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first J.R. Hernández 2004-130, III (BPI 864206). On Hibiscus report of G. pittieriana from Panama. sp. Panama, Chiriquí Province, San Felix, side of San Felix river, 8°16.387′N, 81°51.71′W, 29 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Kuehneola malvicola (Speg.) Arthur on Malvaviscus Hernández 2004-151, III (BPI 864210). arboreusCav. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Caizán, P. heterospora is cosmopolitan, reported from the 8°44.406′N, 82°49.348′W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania on species in the 2004-109, II (BPI 864198). Malvaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. K. malvicola was reported from the Americas and Asia heterospora from Panama. on species in the Malvaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of K. malvicola from Panama. Puccinia hydrocotyles Cooke on Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Boquete, 8°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández Phakopsora cupheae Buriticá on Cuphea ignea A. DC. and M. Vega Rios 2004-124, III (BPI 864128). Panama, Chiriquí Province, road to Caizán, 8°47.382′N, P. hydrocotyles was reported from the Americas, Africa, 82°42.547′W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-103, Asia,andOceaniaonspeciesofHydrocotyle (Farr et al. 2004). II (BPI 871907). This is the first report of P. hydrocotyles from Panama and P. cupheae was reported from the Caribbean, Central confirms the tentative record in Piepenbring et al. (2002). America, and northern South America (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. cupheae from Panama. Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana sp. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Quebrada Cermeño, 8°30.531′N, 82°26.203′W, Phakopsora meibomiae (Arthur) Arthur on Desmodium 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and R. Mangelsdorff ′ sp. Panama, Coclé Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227 N, 2004-147, III (BPI 864209). ′ 80°36.558 W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004- P. lantanae was reported as tropical and subtropical in 084, II (BPI 864113). On P. multiflorus var. coccineus (L.) the western hemisphere, Africa, and Asia on species in the ′ DC. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Dominical, 8°40.455 N, Verbenaceae and Acanthaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the ′ 82°48.013 W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-114, first report of P. lantanae from Panama. II (BPI 864114). Identification was confirmed using real- time PCR (Frederick et al. 2002). Puccinia lateritia Berk. and M.A. Curtis on Borreria P. meibomiae was reported from Mexico to Argentina ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC. Panama, Chiriquí Province, and the Caribbean; in addition, there are several uncon- Volcán, 8°47.398′N, 82°40.565′W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. firmed reports from out of the Americas (Farr et al. 2004). J.R. Hernández 2004-102, III (BPI 864194). This specimen This is the first report of P. meibomiae from Panama. confirms the tentative record in Piepenbring et al. (2002). P. lateritia was reported as tropical and subtropical in the Puccinia arechavaletae Speg. on Serjania decapleuria western hemisphere, Africa, and Asia on species in the Croat. Panama, Chiriquí Province, David, 8°25.947′N, Rubiaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of 82°27.045′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004- P. lateritia from Panama. 128, II-M (BPI 864115). P. arechavaletae is widespread in the Americas on species Puccinia oxalidis Dietel and Ellis on Oxalis sp. Panama, in the Sapindaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). Chiriquí Province, Caizán, 8°44.406′N, 82°49.348′W, leg. J. This is the first report of P. arechavaletae from Panama. R. Hernández 2004-107, II (BPI 864197). Panama, Chiriquí Province, Boquete, 8°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, Puccinia hemerocallidis Thüm. on Hemerocallis sp. Pana- leg. J.R. Hernández and M. Vega Rios 2004-117, II (BPI ma, Chiriquí Province, Boquete, central plaza, 8°46.691′N, 842600). Panama, Chiriquí Province, Boquete, 8°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and M. 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and M. Vega Vega Rios 2004-116, II (BPI 864127). Rios 2004-118, II (BPI 864201). Panama, Chiriquí Province, Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 89

Boquete, 8°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. and Garcke. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Distrito de Alanje, Hernández and M. Vega Rios 2004-119, II (BPI 864202). La Barqueta, 8°18.258′N, 82°34.822′W, 27 Nov. 2004, leg. J. P. oxalidis was reported as cosmopolitan (Farr et al. R. Hernández 2004-135, II (BPI 864142). 2004). This is the first report of P. oxalidis from Panama. U. euphorbiae is cosmopolitan, reported as widespread in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania on species of Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Doidge on Pelargonium hor- Euphorbiaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). torum L.H. Bailey. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Volcán, N This is the first report of U. euphorbiae from Panama. 8° 46.421′, W 82° 38.271′, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-095, II (BPI 864130). hedysari-paniculati (Schwein.) Farl. apud Ellis P. pelargonii-zonalis was reported as cosmopolitan (Farr on Desmodium sp. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Distrito de et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. pelargonii-zonalis Alanje, La Barqueta, 8°18.258′N, 82°34.822′W, 27 Nov. from Panama. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-133, II (BPI 864143). U. hedysari-paniculati has been reported as widespread Puccinia urbaniana Henn on Stachytarpheta cayennensis in the Caribbean, Central, North, and South America on (Rich.) Vahl. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Los Algarrobos, species of Desmodium and Meibomia (Fabaceae; Farr et al. 8°29.164′N, 82°25.951′W, 27 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report of 2004-136, III (BPI 864133). U. hedysari-paniculati from Panama. P. urbaniana was reported from a number of countries in the Americas (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of Uromyces novissimus Speg. on Cayaponia sp. Panama, P. urbaniana from Panama. Chiriquí Province, Caizán, 8°44.406′N, 82°49.348′W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-106, II-III (BPI 864196). Pucciniastrum epilobii G.H. Otth on Fuchsia sp. Panama, U. novissimus was reported from the Caribbean, Central, Chiriquí Province, Volcán, 8°46.421′N, 82°38.271′W, 25 North, and South America (Farr et al. 2004). This is the Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-096, II (BPI first report of U. novissimus from Panama. 864134). P. epilobii was reported from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. Uropyxis diphysae (Arthur) Cummins on Diphysa amer- epilobii from Panama. icana (Mill.) M. Sousa. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Plaza de Caizán, 8°43.528′N, 82°48.944′W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J. Uromyces commelinae Cooke on Commelina sp. Panama, R. Hernández 2004-110, III (BPI 864148). Chiriquí Province, Boquete, 8°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 U. diphysae was reported on species of Diphysa from Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández and M. Vega Rios 2004- Central America and Mexico (Farr et al. 2004). This is the 121, II-III (BPI 864203). first report of U. diphysae from Panama. U. commelinae was reported as cosmopolitan from the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of U. commelinae from Panama. New host records from Panama Uromyces dolicholi Arthur on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Panama, Coclé Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227′N, Dietelia portoricensis (Whetzel and Olive) Buriticá and 80°36.558′W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-081, J.F. Hennen on Mikania micrantha Kunth. Panama, Chiriquí II (BPI 864136). Panama, Chiriquí Province, Caizán, Province, David, El Cabrero, UNACHI, 8°25.947′N, 8°44.406′N, 82°49.348′W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 82°27.045′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004- 2004-104, II (BPI 864137). On Rhynchosia sp. Panama, 127, III (BPI 864204). Panama, Quebrada Cermeño, Chiriquí Province, Sioguí, 8°13.241′N, 81°44.758′W, 29 Nov. 8°30.263′N, 82°26.342′W, 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-155, II (BPI 864140). and R. Mangelsdorff 2004-144, III (BPI 864208). U. dolicholi was reported from the Caribbean, Central, D. portoricensis was reported from Brazil, Costa Rica, North and South America, Africa, and Asia (Farr et al. 2004). Colombia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, El Salvador, This is the first report of U. dolicholi from Panama. Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Buriticá and Hennen 1980; Evans and Ellison 2005; Farr et al. 2004; Uromyces euphorbiae Cooke and Peck on Chamaesyce Hernández et al. 2005a, b). It has been reported from Panama sp. Panama, Coclé Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227′N, on Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. and Mikania sp. (Buriticá 80°36.558′W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-083, and Hennen 1980). This is the first report of D. porto- II-III(BPI864141).OnPoinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch ricensis on M. micrantha from Panama. 90 Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91

Puccinia cnici-oleracei Pers. on Emilia fosbergii Nicolson. U. neurocarpi is a neotropical rust reported on species of Panama, Coclé Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227′N, Centrocema, , Martiusia, and Neurocarpum from 80°36.558′W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004- the Caribbean, Central America, South America, and Mexico 082, III (BPI 864118). Panama, Veraguas Province, La (Farr et al. 2004). It has been reported from Panama on Peña, 8°9.913′N, 81°5.069′W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Clitoria sp. (Cummins 1978). This is the first report of Hernández 2004-087, III (BPI 864119). On Melampo- U. neurocarpi on C. falcata from Panama. dium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. Panama, Coclé Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227′N, 80°36.558′W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. Uromyces setariae-italicae Yoshino on Melinis minutiflora J.R. Hernández 2004-085, III (BPI864124). On Synedrella P. Beauv. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Volcán, N 8° 47.398′,W nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Panama, Chiriquí Province, David, El 82° 40.565′, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-099, Cabrero, UNACHI, 8°25.947′N, 82°27.045′W, 26 Nov. II (BPI 864147). On Paspalum sp., same data, leg. J.R. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-129, III (BPI 864205). Hernández 2004-099A, II. P. cnici-oleracei is widespread in Africa, the Americas, U. setariae-italicae is cosmopolitan, reported as wide- Asia, and Europe on several species in the Asteraceae (Farr spread in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania et al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). It has been reported (Farr et al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). It has been from Panama on Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass. as reported from Panama on Panicum maximum Jacq. Puccinia synendrellae Henn. (Arthur 1916), as P. emiliae (McGuire and Crandall 1967)asUromyces leptodermus Henn. (Standley 1927, 1933), and as P. melampodii Arthur Syd. and P. Syd. This is the first report of U. setariae-italicae (Jackson 1922). This is the first report of P. cnici-oleracei on M. minutiflora and on Paspalum sp. from Panama. on E. fosbergii, M. divaricatum, and S. nodiflora from Panama. Acknowledgment We thank Laurene Levy (USDA/APHIS) for the Puccinia thaliae Dietel on Canna sp. Panama, Chiriquí molecular diagnosis of Phakopsora meibomiae. We also appreciate Province, Volcán, 8°46.421′N, 82°38.271′W, 25 Nov. 2004, the collaboration by Ralph Mangelsdorff (University of Frankfurt) leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-097, II-III (BPI 864132). On and Joe Kirkbride and John Wiersema (USDA/ARS) for identifying many host species, Manfred Ruppel for assistance with the SEM, and Calathea sp. Panama, Veraguas Province, Los Ruices, Roland Kirschner (University of Frankfurt) for help with the Latin 08°12.152′N, 81°30.521′W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. description. Carl Williams and Omar Monteros (Universidad de Hernández 2004-091, III. Panama, Chiriquí Province, Panama, Chiriquí) helped to visit fields of legume crops and Naira Quebrada Cermeño, 08°29.997′N, 82°26.266′W, 28 Nov. Camacho (Dirección Salud Vegetal del Ministerio de Desarrollo – Agropecuario de Panama) assisted in obtaining permits. The trip by 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández 2004-141, II III. JRH was made possible by Doug Luster (USDA/ARS) as part of the P. thaliae is widespread in the Americas as well as in survey for in Central America and the Africa and Asia, reported on species in the Marantaceae Caribbean. The activities by Meike Piepenbring and Maritza Vega Rios and Cannaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernández et al. 2005a, b). were supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), in the context of a university partnership between the University of It has been reported from Panama on Calathea sp. (Kern Frankfurt and the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, and by the 1938)asPuccinia cannae Henn. This is the first report of P. German Research Foundation (DFG). thaliae on Canna sp. from Panama.

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