Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 DOI 10.1007/s11557-007-0526-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A new species, Dicheirinia panamensis, and new records of rust fungi from Panama José R. Hernández & Meike Piepenbring & Maritza Betzaida Vega Rios Received: 13 July 2006 /Revised: 15 November 2006 /Accepted: 19 January 2007 /Published online: 11 April 2007 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract Based on a recent fieldwork in Panama, 25 species Jackson (1926), Standley (1927), Kern and Chardón of rust fungi and several new hosts are reported for the first (1927), Kern (1938), Hennen and Cummins (1956), Jørstad time from this country. Among the new records is one new (1957), Toler et al. (1959), Ramachar and Cummins (1965), species, Dicheirinia panamensis on Cojoba rufescens Cummins (1978), Buriticá and Hennen (1980), Ono and (Fabaceae). It differs from known species in the genus Hennen (1983), Hennen and McCain (1993), Buriticá Dicheirinia by the presence of uredinia and telia without (1999a, b), Berndt (2002), Hernández and Hennen (2003), paraphyses, irregularly tuberculate urediniospores with two Hernández et al. (n.d.), and Piepenbring (2005). In total, germ pores on the flattened sides, and tuberculate telio- only about 67 species of rust fungi are known from Panama spores formed by three probasidial cells, subtended by a (Piepenbring 2006), although diversity of plants is very pedicel with three hyaline, apical cells. high and rusts are common in this country. Several days of intensive field work in Panama yielded numerous new records of rust species, new host records, Introduction and a species of Dicheirinia on Fabaceae that is different from all known species and therefore described as new. Among the first fungi reported from Panama were rusts collected by N.G. Lagerheim (Dietel 1894). Since then, data on rust fungi (Uredinales, Basidiomycota) from Panama Materials and methods have been published by numerous authors: Arthur (1918), Fresh specimens were collected from 24–29 November 2004 mainly in the province of Chiriquí, not only in agri- Taxonomical novelty: Dicheirinia panamensis J.R. Hern., cultural fields and natural topical forest but also on road- M. Piepenbr. and Vega Rios. sides between Panama City and Chiriquí. Collections were J. R. Hernández (*) pressed in a conventional plant press and slowly dried in an Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, USDA/ARS, electric drier. For microscopic examination, material was 10300 Baltimore Ave., mounted in aqueous lactic acid and examined using a Zeiss Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA e-mail: [email protected] Axioplan 2 microscope with bright-field optics. Size ranges in species descriptions are based on at least 20 measure- M. Piepenbring ments of each structure. Digital images were taken using a Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Nikon Coolpix 995 and a Nikon DXM 1200. Drawings J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany were done with a drawing mirror or free hand on scaled e-mail: [email protected] paper, redrawn with ink, and scanned. SEM pictures were taken from spores dusted onto double-adhesive tape, M. B. Vega Rios covered during 45 s at 5 kV with gold, and observed with Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Chiriqui, Panama a Hitachi S4500. Plates were made using Adobe Photoshop e-mail: [email protected] Elements 2.0 and Corel Draw 12. Specimens from BPI were 82 Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 examined for comparison with different species of Dicheir- Dicheirinia solenioides Cummins on Ormosia sp. (as inia and also with other rusts reported in this paper. Authority Nectandra aff. rigida). Brazil, São Francisco, Apr. 1885, names are based on recommendations given in Authors of leg. E. Ule, II-III (BPI 143136), isotype. Fungal Names (CABI): http://www.indexfungorum.org/ FungalNameAuthors.pdf. Host plants were identified by Dicheirinia spinulosa (J. W. Baxter) J.F. Hennen and the authors as well as Ralph Mangelsdorff (University of Cummins on Leucaena sp. Mexico (locality unknown), Frankfurt) and Joe Kirkbride and John Wiersema (USDA- intercepted at the Nogales Plant Quarantine Station (Ari- ARS, SBML, Beltsville). Collections were deposited at the zona, USA) by J.M. Kaiser and D. Noel, III (BPI 115592), Herbario Nacional of the Universidad de Panamá (PMA) isotype of Diorchidium spinulosum J.W. Baxter. and at the US National Fungus Collection (BPI). DNA was extracted from leaves of Desmodium sp. and Dicheirinia superba H. S. Jacks. and Holw. on Piptadenia Phaseolus multiflorus var. coccineus containing sori using sp. (originally erroneously reported as Inga sp.). Brazil, Rio the PureLink Plant DNA Reagent (Invitrogen), and the de Janeiro, Petropolis, 20 Oct 1921, leg. E.W.D. and M.M. identity of P. meibomiae was confirmed using the polymer- Holway 1234, 0-III (BPI 143138), isotype. ase chain reaction (PCR) protocol (Frederick et al. 2002) with Ppm1/Ppa2 primers. Results Specimens of Dicheirinia examined Dicheirinia panamensis J.R. Hern., M. Piepenbr. and Vega Dicheirinia archeri Cummins on Lonchocarpus nicou DC. Rios, sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Surinam, Scotelweg, 2 Nov. 1934, leg. W.A. Archer H-256, 0-III (BPI 143084), isotype. Etymology The name of the species is based on the country where it was collected. Dicheirinia binata (Berkeley and Curtis) Arthur on Ery- Spermogonia et aecia ignota. Uredinia amphigena, prae- thrina sp. Guatemala, Livingston, Dept. Izabal, 18 Jan. cipue abaxialia, dispersa vel aggregata, ca. 0.1–1 mm longa, 1905, leg. W.A. Kellerman 5465, II (BPI 143091), isotype 0.5–1 (2) lata, cinnamomea, subepidermalia, erumpentia; of Uredo cabreriana Kern. and Kell. On Erythrina glauca urediniosporae (30) 37–45 (52)×(15) 19–25 (27) μm, leviter Willd, Venezuela, near Los Caobos, 28 Apr. 1934, leg. F.D. complanatae, visae de parte lato obovoideae, ellipsoideae, Kern and R.A. Toro 1713, II (BPI 853921). Venezuela, road sphaeroideae vel stellatae, cinnamomeae, episporio tuber- from Caracas to El Valle, 950 m, 9 July 1932, leg. culato praecipue marginis sporae, pori germinationis 2, Chardón and Toro, II (BPI 143115). On Erythrina crista- aequatoriis, pedicello hyaline, fragili, 4–5 μm lato. Telia galli, Puerto Rico, Agr. Exp. Sta. Mayaguez, 7 July 1924, amphigena, praecipue abaxialia, atro-rufo-brunnea, rotunda leg. H.H. Whetzel, F.D. Kern and R.A. Toro 2415, II (BPI vel elongata, ad 1 mm diam., subepidermalia, erumpentia; 853922). teliosporae (30) 36–40 μm longae, (31) 38–45 (48) μm latae, atro-cinnamomea, 3-cellulares, cellula 19–24×24–26 μm, Dicheirinia guianensis Cummins on L. nicou DC, Guyana, pariete 2–4 μm crassa, tuberculata, tuberculis ad 3 μm Bonisiki Landing, Arawau River, North West District, 16 longae; pedicellus hyalinus, 5–7 μm latus, 3 cellulis July 1934, leg. W.A. Archer H-248, 0-I-II-III (BPI 143120), apicalibus hyalinis, una pro singulis cellulis probasidialibus. Isotype, intercepted at New York. On Lonchocarpus sp., 3 Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia amphigenous, June 1938, leg. Insp. Hodson, 0-I-II-III (BPI 143119). mainly hypophyllous, scattered or more or less grouped, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, 0.1–1 mm diameter, Dicheirinia manaosensis (Henn.) Cummins (=Diorchidium cinnamon brown, sometimes on round chlorotic areas of manaosensis Henn.) on Lonchocarpus rariflorus Martius. the leaf up to 0.5 cm, old lesions brown, up to 1 cm diameter; Brazil, Manáos, Rio Negro, Aug 1900, leg. E. Ule, III urediniospores (30) 37–45 (52)×(15) 19–25 (27) μm, some- (BPI 143122, Mycotheca brasiliensis No. 11), isotype. On what flattened, in side view ovoid, ellipsoid, spheroid, Lonchocarpus sp. Colombia, Letecia, 15 Oct. 1943, leg. C. star-shaped, cinnamon brown, cell wall 2–4 μm thick, O. Grassl 10098, III (BPI 853923). tuberculate, tubercles 2–10 μm long, 2–5 μm wide and tapering to a blunt apex, arranged mainly on margin of Dicheirinia ormosiae (Arthur) Cummins (=Puccinia ormo- spores, sometimes at apex as a crown, sometimes tubercles siae Arthur) on Ormosia krugii Urban, Puerto Rico, El very conspicuous giving spore a divided appearance, germ Yunque, 14 Apr. 1916, leg. H.H. Whetzel and E.W. Olive pores two, equatorial, in center of flattened side of spores, 276, II-III (BPI143124), isotype. pedicel hyaline, fragile, 4–5 μm wide. Telia amphigenous, Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81–91 83 Fig. 1 Dicheirinia panamensis on Cojoba rufescens. a Leaf with Piepenbring and Vega 3518), scale bar=2 mm. c Teliospores, as seen groups of uredinia and telia (from Piepenbring and Vega 3518). b by LM (from BPI 871146, type), scale bar=20 μm. d Urediniospores Group of uredinia and telia, as seen with the stereo microscope (from as seen by LM (from BPI 871146, type), scale bar=20 μm mainly hypophyllous, close to uredinia, dark chestnut Other specimens examined: at the same place on the same brown, round, sometimes elongated, up to 1 mm diameter, host plant, 27 Aug. 2005, leg. M. Piepenbring and M. Vega subepidermal becoming erumpent; teliospores sometimes in Ríos 3518 (PMA); 6 Nov. 2005, M. Piepenbring 3680 uredinia, (30) 36–40 μm long, (31) 38–45 (48) μm wide, (PMA). yellowish when young, dark cinnamon brown when old, On Fabaceae indet. Panama, Chiriquí, Boquete, three probasidial cells delimited by vertical septa, probasidial 08°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernández cells 19–24×24–26 μm, wall 2–4 μm, outer wall tubercu- and M. Vega Rios 2004-122, II-III (BPI 871147, PMA). late, tubercles up to 3 μm long, tapering to a blunt apex; pedicel hyaline, 5–7 μm wide, with three apical hyaline cells (12×5 μm), one subtending each probasidial cell. Discussion Holotypus On C. rufescens (Benth.) Britton (Fabaceae, Species of Raveneliaceae (Uredinales) are particularly subfamily Mimosoideae). Panama, Chiriquí, Boquete, diverse on Fabaceae in the tropics (Hernández and Hennen 08°46.691′N, 82°25.968′W, 26 Nov.