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LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School

1962 The Rusts of Puerto Rico. Luis A. Roure Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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ROURE, Luis A., 1923- THE RUSTS OF PUERTO RICO.

Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1962 Botany

University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE RUSTS OF PUERTO RICO

A Dissertation

Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

in

The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology

by Luis A. Roure B .S ., University of Puerto Rico, 1948 M .S., Louisiana State University, 1951 June, 1962 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The writer wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. Bernard

Lowy, under whose direction these studies were conducted, for his assistance and encouragement during the course of the investigations.

Thanks and appreciation are also extended to Dr. S. J. P. Chilton for his encouragement.

The writer is also grateful to the University of Puerto Rico for sending him to undertake graduate work in the Louisiana State

University.

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENT...... ii

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...... iv

ABSTRACT...... xv

REVIEW OF LITERATURE...... 1

A. Previous work on Puerto Rican rusts and their economic importance ...... 1 B. Phytogeographical n o t e s ...... 24 C. Soil types of Puerto Rico ...... 31 D. Elevations on the island ...... 39 E. Relationship of rusts to other Basidiomycetes ...... 41 F. Principal ideas on phylogeny ...... 50

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES EXAMINED...... 65

CAMERA LUCIDA DRAWINGS OF SPECIES AND DRAWINGS OF M A PS...... 154

HOST INDEX...... 197

DEFINITION OF TERMS . 237

BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 239

VITA...... 244

iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

A. DRAWINGS OF SPORES

PLATE Page

I. Fig, 1. Anqiopsora phakopsoroides (Arth. & Mains) Mains on Olyra latifolia L ., tellospores ...... 154

Figs. 2, 3, 4. Anqiopsora zea Mains on Zea mays L., urediospores ...... 154

II. Fig. 5. Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria alba L ., urediospores ...... 155

Figs. 6, 7. Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria alba L ., te lio s p o r e s ...... 155

III. Fig. 8. Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria kruqii Urban, urediospores ...... 156

Figs. 9, 10. Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria obtusa L. , urediospores ...... 156

Eig. 11. Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria rubra L ., urediospores ...... 156

IV. Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15. Coleosporium elephantopodis (Schw.) Thum. on Elephantopodis mollis H. B. K., urediospores ...... 157

V. Fig. 16. Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Bun:, on Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., urediospores ...... 158

Fig. 17. Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr, on Ipomoea rubra (Vahl.) M illsp., urediospores ...... 158

Fig. 18. Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr, on Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Gris., urediospores. . . 158

VI. Fig. 19. Desmella superficialis (Speq.) Svd. on Adiantum cristatum L .. urediospores ...... 159

iv PLATE Page

VII. Fig. 20. Endophvllum circumscriptum (Schw.) Whetz. & Olive on Cissus sicvoides L ., teliospores ...... 160

Fig. 21. Endophvllum decoloratum (Schw.) Whetz. & Olive on Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC., teliospores . 160

Fig. 22. Endophvllum decoloratum (Schw.) Whetz. & Olive on Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc., teliospores...... 160

VIII. Figs. 23, 24. Phakopsora jatrophicola (Arth.) Cummins on Tatropha curcas L ., urediospores ...... 161

Fig. 25. Phakopsora j atrophicola (Arth.) Cummins on Tatropha gossypifblia L .. urediospores ...... 161

Fig. 26. Phakopsora iatrophicola (Arth.) Cummins on Tatropha gossypifolia L ., teliospores ...... 161

IX. Fig. 27. Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) Laqh. on Cyperus ferax Rich. . u red io sp o re s...... 162

Figs. 28, 29. Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn. on Canna coccinea A it.. urediospores ...... 162

X. Figs. 30, 31, 32. Puccinia cenchri Diet. & Holw. on Cenchrus echinatus L ., urediospores ...... 163

XI. Fig. 33. Puccinia chrvsanthemi Roze on Chrysanthemum frutescens L., urediospores ...... 164

Fig. 34. Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Jacks, on Dichromena sp ., urediospores ...... 164

Fig. 35. Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Jacks, on Dichromena ciliata Vahl., urediospores ...... 164

Fig. 36. Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Jacks, on Dichromena radicans Schl. & Cham., urediospores. . . 164

v PIATE Page

XII. Fig. 37. Puccinia heliconiae (Diet ) Arth. on Bihai borinquena Griggs, urediospores...... 165

Fig. 38. Puccinia heliconiae (Diet.) Arth. on Heliconia sp., teliospores ...... 165

XIII. Fig. 39. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet., teliospores ...... 166

Figs. 40, 41. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt. on Sida glomerata Cay., mesospores ...... 166

Fig. 42. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Sida hederaefolia Cay, / mesospores ...... 166

XIV. Fig. 43. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Sida humilis Cav., mesospores ...... 167

Figs. 44, 45. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt. on Sida procumbens Sw., mesospores ...... 167

Fig. 46. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Sida urens L ., mesospores ...... 167

XV. Fig. 47. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Sida urens L ., teliospores...... 168

Fig. 48. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. E. Fries, mesospores. . 168

Fig. 49. Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Presl., mesospores. . . . 168

Fig .5 0 . Puccinia hyptidis (Curt.) Tracy & Earle on Hyptis capitata Tacq.. urediosppres ...... 168

XVI. Fig. 51. Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana camara L ., teliospores ...... 169

Fig .5 2 . Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana camara L ., mesospores ...... 169

Fig. 53. Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana involucrata L ., mesospores ...... 169

vi Page

Fig. 54. Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana involucrata L ., teliospores ...... 169

Fig. 55. Puccinia leonotidis (P. Henn.)Arth. on Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br., urediospores ...... 170

Fig. 56. Puccinia leonotidis (P. Henn.) Arth. on Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br., urediospores ...... 170

Fig. 57. Puccinia leptochloae A. & Fromme on Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv., mesospores. . . . 170

Fig. 58. Puccinia leptochloae A. & Fromme on Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv., teliospores . . . . 170

Fig. 59. Puccinia leptochloae A. & Fromme on Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv., teliospores . . . . 171

Fig. 60. Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Manisuris sp .. urediospores ...... 171

Fig. 61. Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Panicum fasciculatum Swartz . . urediospores ...... 171

Fig. 62. Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Panicum trichoides Sw., urediospores ...... 171

Fig. 63. Puccinia levis (S. & B.) Magn. on Paspalum fimbriatum H. B. K., urediospores...... 172

Fig. 64. Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Paspalum milleqrana Poir., urediospores ...... 172

Fig. 65. Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Paspalum schreberianum. urediospores ...... 172

Fig. 66. Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Rytilix qranularis (L.) Skeels, urediospores ...... 172

Fig. 67. Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc., urediospores. . . 173

Fig. 68. Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw. on Eleutherantherae ruderalis D iet., teliospores ...... 173

vii PIATE Page

Fig. 69. Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw. on Svnedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., teliospores...... 173

Fig. 70. Puccinia proximella Arth. on Lactuca intybacea Jacq., teliospores ...... 173

XXI. Fig .71. Puccinia purpurea Cke. on Gramineae, urediospores ...... 174

Fig .7 2 . Puccinia purpurea Cke. on Holcus halepensis L. , urediospores ...... 174

Fig. 73. Puccinia purpurea Cke. on Holcus sorghum L., urediospores ...... 174

XXII. Fig. 74. Puccinia purpurea Cke. on Holcus sorghum sudanensis (Piper) Hitchc., urediospores . . . 175

Fig. 75. Puccinia purpurea Cke. on Sorghum sp., urediospores...... 175

Fig. 76. Puccinia purpurea Cke. on Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense (Piper) Hitchc., urediospores ...... 175

Fig. 77. Puccinia sorghi Schw. on Zea mays L ., urediospores ...... 175

XXIII. Fig. Z8. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Chaetochloa geniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase., urediospores ...... 176

Fig. 79. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Eriochloa polystachya H. B. K., urediospores ...... 176

Fig. 80. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Panicum pallens Sw., urediospores ...... 176

Fig. 81. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Paspalum paniculatum L. , urediospores ...... 176

viii

* PLATE Page

XXIV. Fig. 82. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Paspalum paniculatum L ., teliospores ...... 177

Fig. 83. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Paspalum virqatum L. , urediospores ...... 177

Fig, 84. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Solanum sp.. aeciospores...... 177

Fig. 85. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Solanum melonqena L .. aeciospores ...... 177

XXV. Fig. 86. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Solanum torvum Sw.. aeciospores...... 178

Fig. 87, Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Svntherisma digitata (Sw.1 Hitchc ., urediospores. . . 178

Fig. 88. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees, urediospores 178

Fig, 89. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Valota insularis (L.) Chase, urediospores ...... 178

XXVI. Fig .90 . Puccinia tageticola Diet. & Holw. on Tagetes erecta L .. urediospores ...... 179

Fig. 91. Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn. on Stachvtarpheta s p . . teliospores ...... 179

Fig. 92. Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn. on Stachvtarpheta iamaicensis CL.) Vahl, teliospores . . 179

Fig. 93. Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn. on Stachvtarpheta striqosa Vahl. teliospores ...... 179

XXVII. Fig. 94. Pucciniosira pallidula (Speq.) Lagerh.on Triumfetta semitriloba L .. mesospores ...... 180

Fig. 95. Pucciniosira pallidula fSpeg.) Lagerh. on Triumfetta sp .. teliospores ...... 180

Fig. 96. Pucciniosira pallidula (Speq.) Lagerh. on Triumfetta semitriloba L ., teliospores ...... 180

ix PIATE Page

XXVIII. Fig. 97. Uredo hameliae Arth. on Hamelia patens Jacq., urediospores ...... 181

Fig. 98. Uredo portoricensis sp. nov. L. A. Roure on Pilea parietaria (L.) Blume, urediospores . . 181

XXIX. Figs. 99, 100. Uromvces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth. on Bidens pilosa L ., urediospores ...... 182

Fig. 101. Uromvces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth. on Bidens reptans G. Don, urediospores ...... 182

XXX. Fig. 102. Uromvces bidentis Lagerh. on Bidens pilosa L ., urediospores...... 183

Fig. 103. Uromvces bidentis Lagerh. on Bidens pilosa L ., teliospores ...... 183

Fig. 104. Uromvces dolicholi Arth. on Cajanus cajan (L.) M lllsp., urediospores ...... 183

Fig. 105. Uromvces dolicholi Arth. on Rhynchosia minima DC., urediospores...... 183

XXXI. Fig. 106. Uromvces dolicholi Arth. on Rhynchosia reticulata DC., urediospores ...... 184

Fig. 107. Uromvces leptodermus Syd. on Lasiacis ruscifolia. H. B. K., urediospores ...... 184

Fig. 108. Uromvces proeminens poinsettiae (Tranz.) Arth. on Poinsettia heterophvlla (L.) Kl. & Garcke, urediospores...... 184

Fig. 109. Uromvces proeminens poinsettiae (Tranz.) Arth. on Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Kl. & Garcke, teliospores ...... 184

x B. MAPS (GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION) PIATE Page

XXXII. Fig. la. Distribution of Anqiopsora phakopsoroides (Arth. & Mains) Mains on Olvra latifolia L .; Anqiopsora zeae Mains on Zea mays L ...... 185

Fig. 2a. Distribution of Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria alba L.; on Plumeria kruqgi Urban ...... 185

Fig. 3a. Distribution of Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria ofctusa L.; on Plumeria rubra L ...... 185

XXXIII. Fig. 4a. Distribution of Coleosporium elephanto­ podis (Schw.) Thum. on Elephantopus mollis H. B. K...... 186

Fig. 5a. Distribution of Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr, on Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; on Ipomoea rubra (Vahl.) MiMsp.; on Tacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.. % . . . . 186

Fig. 6a. Distribution of Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Syd. on Adiantum cristatum L ...... 186

XXXIV. Fig. 7a. Distribution of Endophvllum circumscriptum (Schw.) Whetz. & Olive on Cissus sicvoides L ...... 187

Fig. 8a. Distribution of Endophvllum decoloratum (Schw.) Whetz. & Olive on Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC.; on Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc ...... 187

Fig. 9a. Distribution of Phakopsora Iatrophicola (Arth.) Cummins on Tatropha curcas L.; on Tatropha gossypifolia L ...... 187

XXXV. Fig. 10a. Distribution of Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) Lagh. on Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich.; Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn. on Canna coccinea Ait ...... 188

xi PIATE Page Fig. 11a. Distribution of Puccinia cenchri Diet. & Holw. on Cenchrus echinatus L.; Puccinia chrvsanthemi (Roze) Arth. on Chrysanthemum frutescens L ...... 188

Fig. 12a. Distribution of Puccinia dichromenae (ftrth.) Jacks, on Dichromena sp.; on Dichromena ciliata Vahl.; on Dichromena radicans Cham. & S chl...... 188

XXXVI. Fig. 13a. Distribution of Puccinia heliconiae (Diet.) Arth. on Bihai borinquena Griggs; on Heliconla spp,. 189

Fig. 14a. Distribution of Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt. onAbutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet; on Sida qlomerata Cav.; on Sida hederaefolia Cay. . 189

Fig. 15a. Distribution of Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Sida humilis Cav.; on Sida procumbens Sw ...... 189

XXXVII. Fig. 16a. Distribution of Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Sida urens L.; on Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. E. Fries; on Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Thwaites ...... 190

Fig. 17a. Distribution of Puccinia hyptidis (Curt.) Tracy & Earle on Hyptis capitata (L.) Jacq.; Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana camara L.; Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana involucrata L. . . 190

Fig. 18a. Distribution of Puccinia leonotidis (P. Henn.) Arth. on Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br.; Puccinia leptochloae Arth. & Fromme on Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv ...... 190

KXXVIII. Fig. 19a. Distribution of Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Manisuris sp.; on Panicum fasciculatum Swartz.; on Panicum trichoides Sw.. . . 191

Fig. 20a. Distribution of Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Paspalum spp.; on Paspalum fimbriatum H. B. K.; on Paspalum millegrana Schrad...... 191

xii PLATE Page

Fig. 21a. Distribution of Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Paspalum schreberianum; on Rytilix granularis (L.) Skeels; on Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc ...... 191

XXXIX. Fig. 22a. Distribution of Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw. on Eleutheranth era ruderalis (Sw.) Schultz-Bip.; on Synedrella nodiflora (L.) G aertn ...... 192

Fig. 23a. Distribution of Puccinia proximella Arth. on Lactuca intybacea Jacq.

Fig. 24a. Distribution of Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Gramineae; on Holcus halepensis L ...... 192

XL. Fig. 25a. Distribution of Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Holcus sorghum L„; on Holcus sorghum sudanensis (Piper) Hitchc.; on Sorghum spp ...... 193

Fig. 26a. Distribution of Puccinia sorghi Schw. on Zea mays L.; Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Chaetochloa qeniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase; Puccinia substriata Ell. 6c Barth, on Eriochloa polystachya H. B. K...... 193

Fig. 27a. Distribution of Puccinia substriata Ell. 6c Barth, on Panicum pallens (Sw.) Munro; on Paspalum paniculatum L.; on Paspalum virgatum L.. . . 193

XII. Fig. 28a. Distribution of Puccinia substriata Ell. 6c Barth, on Solanum spp.; on Solanum melonqena L.; on Solanum torvum Sw ...... 194

Fig. 29a. Distribution of Puccinia substriata Ell. 6c Barth, on Syntherisma digitata (Sw.) Hitchc.; on Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees; on Valota insularis (L.) C h ase...... 194

Fig. 30a. Distribution of Puccinia tageticola Diet. 5c Holw. on Taqetes erecta L.; Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn. on Stachvtarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl.; Pucciftia urbaniana P. Henn. on Stachytarpheta strigosa Vahl ...... 194

xiii PIATE Page

XLII. Fig. 31a. Distribution of Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh. on Triumfetta sp.; on Triumfetta semitriloba Tacq ...... 195

Fig .32a. Di stribution of Uredo hameliae Arth. on Hamelia patens Jacq.; Uredo portoricensis sp. nov. L. A. Roure on Pilea parietaria (L.) Blume ...... 195

Fig. 33a. Distribution of Uromvces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth. on Bidens sp.; on Bidens pilosa L.; on Bidens reptans G. Don ...... 195

XLIII. Fig. 34a. Distribution of Uromvces bidentis Lagerh. on Bidens pilosa L ...... 196

Fig ,35a. Di stribution of Uromvces dolicholi Arth. on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.; on Rhynchosia Minima DC.; on Rhynchosia reticulata DC ...... 196

Fig. 36a. Distribution of Uromyces leptodermus Syd. on Lasiacis rusfcifolia H. B. K.; Uromyces proeminens poinsettiae (Tranz.) Arth. on Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Kl. & Gracke...... 196

xiv ABSTRACT

A taxonomic study of 749 rusts on 413 different hosts from

Puerto Rico was made. These specimens included 96 collected by the author from different localities on the island, 321 from the herbarium of the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, and

332 loaned specimens from the National Fungus Collections at

Beltsville, Maryland.

The study includes the main rust collections made in the island by Whetzel, Kern, Toro, Chardon and others, with a total of 26 genera and 201 species.

Each species studied is described, spores measured, camera

lucida drawings made and the locality, collector and date recorded.

Two species not recorded previously in Puerto Rico, two species on new hosts and a new species were found. Not reported before were teliospores of Phakopsora iatrophicola (Arth.) Cummins on Tatropha gossypifolia L ., urediospores of Uromvces bidentis Lagerh. on Bidens

pilosa L., and mesospores of Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh.

on Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.

A host index, a glossary and a series of 36 maps showing species

distribution are included.

xv REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. PREVIOUS WORK ON PUERTO RICAN RUSTS AND THEIR ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

During the Spanish occupation of Puerto Rico, from 1493 to 1898, practically no attention was given to the rich fungus flora of the islands.

Apparently on three collections of fungi were made, and they were small and relatively unimportant (18).

In 1818, Bertero collected a few specimens, iSome of tfyem were described by C. Montagne in 1837. C. Montagne is apparently the first to describe a fungus from Puerto Rico, Dothidea (Asteroma) eugeniae (Montaq. mass) (35). One of Bertero1 s fungus described by

J. H. Leveille in 1845, under the name of Heliomvces berteroi Lev., was restudied and transferred by Murrill to Marasmius berteroi (Lev.)

Murrill. (2). Leveille also described Sphaeria ecastophyll. Lev. and

Stilbum berteroi Lev .(3 1 ).

In 1846, Carl Schwanecke collected fungi mostly in the vicinity of Humacao and the specimens were determined by J. Klotsch, who listed them in Linnaea in 1852 (27).

It was not until 1884-87 that further collections were made, during which period P. Sintenis visited various parts of the islands. The fungi gathered by him were worked over by J. Bresadola, P. Hennings and

1 P. Magnus and their determinations were published in 1893 (49).

After Puerto Rico became a part of the United States in 1898, the

Insular Department of Agriculture undertook various mycological investi­ gations and initiated a fungus survey. Between 1800 and the present a number of continental American botanists, interested in collecting, have visited the islands, and several native Puerto Rican botanists with train­ ing in taxonomic mycology have cooperated with them, and have been active on their own. In the aggregate, a very considerable number of fungi have been collected, and distinct contributions towards a know­ ledge of various groups have been made. The fungi of Puerto Rico are known now probably better than those of any other area of equal size in the American tropics (20).

In 1900, A. A. Heller, published a recompilation of the two lists on Puerto Rican fungi published by J. Klotzsch in 1852 and by P. Sintenis in 1893 (23).

In 1903, Professor F. S. Earle, of the New York Botanical Garden, visited Puerto Rico in accordance with instructions of the Director of the

Office of Experiment Stations, for the purpose of studying its horticultural possibilities and of making observations on plant diseases. He made a hurried inspection of a small portion of the islands. Among several diseases he mentioned, on cotton, Gossvpium barbadense L .. a true cotton rust, Uredo gossypii lagerh., on some wild plants near Mayaguez.

It has heretofore only been reported from Ecuador. He considered it en­ tirely distinct from any of the diseases that have been called "cotton rust“ in the United States. He also observed the common bean rust

(Uromvces) (17).

That same year, L. B. Lewton called attention to the presence of the cotton rust due to Uredo qossypil Lagerh. in the West Indies (32).

In 1905, he considered it as one of the three chief leaf diseases of cotton in the West Indies. He said it was fairly common in the islands, although it was unknown in the United States (33).

From the years 1907 to 1940, J. C . Arthur published his monu­ mental work on the Uredinales in the North American Flora, including those reported from Puerto Rico (2).

In 1915, G. L. Fawcett, called attention to the fact that the disease on coffee caused by Hemileia vastatrix. which have caused so much damage to the cultivation of this plant in India and the East Indies, has never been reported from any American coffee-growing country (18).

In 1915, J. C. Arthur published on the Uredinales of Puerto Rico based on collections made by F. L. Stevens. Stevens' collection repre­ sented a specially valuable contribution to the knowledge of tropical fungi. There were 650 numbers of the material submitted, mostly collected during the year 1913, only some 23 having been secured during the year 1912 and seven during January, 1914.

This was an especially notable achievement, as all other collec­ tions of rusts from the island taken together, only slightly exceeded

100, ranging mostly through the previous 16 years. Among the previous 4 collectors the two having the greatest knowledge of the Uredinales were

Prof. E. W. D. Holway, leading with 25 collections made in January and

February, 1911, and Dr. G. P. Clinton, following with 21 collections made in April, 1904. Some rusts were included in collections made during the last few previous years by the botanists at the Experiment

Station of the Puerto Rico Sugar Growers' Association, about 25 of which came to Dr. Arthur's attention.

Until Stevens' material was available, the general impression of the rust flora of Puerto Rico was that it was scanty and lacking in inter­ est. Professor Holway, who was famous as a collector of microfungi wrote from San Juan to Dr. Arthur on January 29, 1911: "I have just come in from our trip across and around the island; rusts are very scarce." Again in a letter from Minneapolis, Minnesota, dated

March 21, 1911, he wrote: "I am just home from Porto Rico; I will send you the specimens soon. There are not many, but more than

Sintenis got in his three years there."

It appeared from the work of Dr. Stevens, however, that there were plenty of species in the islands and some of exceptional interest, although, the rust flora seems to be not generally as conspicuous as is usual in temperate regions. The 650 collections included 109 species of rusts, giving an average of about six collections for each species.

Actual duplicates in the set were few, however. Over 65 localities were visited.

The species previously known from Puerto Rico, did not exceed 5

35 in number or about one-third of the number secured by Dr. Stevens.

The:richness of Dr. Stevens' set was also attested by showing 39 species, or over one-third of his collection, as additions to the pre­ viously known rust flora of North America, 18 of which were new to science.

In Dr. Stevens' collection, the family Coleosporiaceae was represented in Puerto Rico by three species, of which Coleosporium plumeriae Pat, (now Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth.), showed to be distinctly West Indian. Dr. Arthur was not sure that this species was entirely autonomous, or if it was a race of some earlier described species of wide range. Only cultures could fully elucidate this point.

No member of the genus Pinus occurs in Puerto Rico and so far as known the species of Coleosporium form their aecia only on leaves of pines.

So, Dr. Arthur believed that the three species in Puerto Rico maintained themselves by the uredinial repeating spores, and were not indigenous to the islands.

The family Melampsoraceae was somewhat better represented.

Five species were listed. Two of those (under Kuehneola) have invari­ ably been placed with the Pucciniaceae. The shift made on account of the catenulate teliospores, in contradistinction to simple teliospores with one or more cells, and the resemblance of the uredinial sorus to that of Pucciniastrum in the manner of spore formation. According to Dr.

Arthur, the species of the family were like those of the preceding family 6 in maintaining themselves by the uredinial repeating spores, only one,

Cerotelium canavaliae, being known to produce telia in the West Indies, and for none of them was the aecial condition known. There were five other forms listed under the form-genus Uredo. One of these forms,

Uredo fenestrala, possessing a peridium having elongated cells at the sides and isiodiametric cells above, as in the genera Schroeteriaster and Hvalopsora. The other four forms, had a pseudoperidium formed of imbricated paraphyses, indicating a position near Kuehneola and

Physopella. Dr. Arthur considered that possibly the fern rust, Uredo gymnogrammes. also belonged near these forms, so having 11 species < under the family Uredinaceae.

The family Pucciniaceae contained the chief part of the Puerto

Rican rusts. There were 63 species assigned here, of which one,

Pucciniosira pallidula. usually placed before in the Melampsoraceae was shifted to the Pucciniaceae on account of the structure of the sorus.

To these 63, Dr. Arthur added the species in the form-genus Aecidium, and such of those in Uredo as were not assigned to other families, or 85 species in all. He thought it probable, however, that some of the species in the two form-genera merely represented stages of species already placed in Uromyces or Puccinia. It seemed certain that the 10 species of Aecidium represented aecial forms to be distributed among the

15 grass and sedge rusts enumerated, or among those yet to be found.

He considered it safe to assume, that omitting the names eventually to be reduced to synonymy, there should remain from this list about 75 7 species in the family Pucciniaceae.

The collections made by Dr. Stevens proved so representative of the Puerto Rican rust flora in particular and of the West Indian in general, that it required Dr. Arthur little additional space to mention

all other collections from the region. He made no careful attempt to

secure all references made in the literature, where the material was not

available for examination. But Dr. Arthur believed that his presentation

as of 1915 was a fairly exhaustive record of the West Indian Uredinales.

After the enumeration of species in the Stevens collection, he listed 12

species, embracing all material from Puerto Rico secured by other

collectors, that were not represented in the Stevens collection. Dr.

Arthur concluded that the rust flora of Puerto Rico numbered 121 species

or, eliminating possible duplication (10 species of Aecidium), 111

sp e c ie s.

Dr. Arthur included a separate list of 19 species from all the other

West Indian Islands, excluding Trinidad, thus making 140 species of

rusts for the West Indies, or by omitting undistributed aecia, 130

species (3).

In 1916, Dr. Arthur published again on additional collections made

by Professor Stevens during June, July and August, 1915. In that supple­

mentary lot of Puerto Rican material there were some 254 numbers, repre­

senting about 78 species. A part of the new material duplicated that

previously secured, but in many instances it was obtained in new

localities. In some cases a species was found not previously known from Puerto Rico, or on an unrecorded Puerto Rican host.

The collections of 1915 added 12 species to the record of Puerto

Rican rusts, bringing up the then known total number of species of rusts from Puerto Rico to 135, and from all the West Indian islands to 155. Of this large rust flora, Professor Stevens secured during his 24 months'

stay in the West Indies, all but 11 of the known species from Puerto

Rico, and all but 30 from the whole West Indian flora. His collection

supplied 20 new species and an equal number of additional species not previously recorded for North America, besides many new hosts (4).

A botanical expedition was made to Puerto Rico in the spring of

1916 by Professor H. H. Whetzel, of Cornell University, and Dr. E.

W. Olive, of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. They reached the island on

February 23, and left it on April 26. Especial attention was given to

fungi, and a generous portion to the Uredinales, of which 383 numbered

collections were found representing 122 species. These were systemati­

cally treated by Dr. Arthur in 1917.

An unique and most fruitful part of the work of the collectors was

a careful and adequate test of the mode of germination of all the species

of the "form-genus" Aecidium. made at the time they were found. The

methods of testing the behavior of spores on solid substrata ~or on-water

surfaces were used. It was learned that four forms considered aecia and

supposed to belong to heteroecious species, and another similar form but

unrecorded for the island, were in reality aecidioid telia representing

short cycle species while five other similar forms were undoubtedly 9 heteroecious aecia.

In connection with observations on the aecia-like species, careful search was made in the field for clues that might lead to the discovery of alternate forms for the true aecia. In two cases, most promising indications were found. Aecidium passifloriicola was found a number of times so intimately and exclusively associated with Puccinia scleriae that little doubt seemed to remain regarding their genetic connection.

Living host plants for both rusts were sent to Lafayette, Indiana, and apparently good telial material for cultures, but the teliospores could not be made to germinate, and no cultures were secured. Aecidium tubulosum P. & G. was also taken intimately associated with Puccinia substriata Ellis & Barth., but this connection also needed confirmation by cultures. Most of the grass and sedge rusts of Puerto Rico were con­ sidered to reproduce only by uredinia.

A marked difference between the macroscopic appearance of the majority of tropical rusts and those of temperate regions was found.

The generally applanate or pulvinate, strongly colored sori of most rusts of northern regions, rendered them far more conspicuous than the pro­ tected, pale sori, sunken in the tissues or surrounded by dikaryophysis more common in the tropics. A growing recognition of this difference led more and more to a search for the inconspicuous so-called Uredo-forms on plants of pronounced tropical appearance. This led to a long list of forms that at first could only be classed under the form-genus Uredo.

In the Stevens list there were 37 such forms, which by careful microscopic 10 study were assorted into 18 forms that could be labelled with published names, 14 that needed to be described as new, and five placed under permanent genera. These figures did not include old species where the collections showed little or no other form besides uredinia, but which were generally and readily referred to true genera, such as Uromvces appendiculatus Fries, Puccinia leonotidis, and the species of

Coleosporium.

Although the Whetzel-Olive set contained the same number of species as the Stevens set, allowing for the reduction of some species to synonymy, yet they were not wholly duplicates, as each showed 27 species not found in the other. The Whetzel-Olive material added 25 species to the recorded rust flora of Puerto Rico, 11 of which were new to science. It also permitted the erection of three new genera, the ar­ ranging of ten new combinations and the bringing to light of many new hosts for previously known species. In total, 157 species of Uredinales were reported from Puerto Rico.

The Whetzel-Olive set provided additional spore-forms which per­ mitted the removal of Uredo concors. Uredo capituliformis and Uredo fallaciosa from the form-genus Uredo to their proper generic positions, and to a certain extent assisted in the slow process of classifying the host of tropical rusts ordinarily found only in the repeating spore stage.

Some advance was made in the case of another form, Uredo plucheae Svd., by the discovery of aecia associated with the uredinia, but telia needed to be found before the true generic position could be assured. Material 11 was also provided, which permitted the assignment of two Uredo-forms to the genus Olivea. This new genus was dedicated to E. W. Olive, one of the collectors, in recognition 6f his important contributions to the fundamental understanding of the evolution of the Uredinales, and also as a tribute to the notable success of the expedition (5).

In 1917, J. A. Stevenson, from the Insular Experiment Station at

Rio Piedras made a report on the diseases of vegetable and garden crops.

He mentioned and commented on the following rusts: Uromvces appendiculatus (P) LK. on beans (Phaseolus spp.), not of sufficient im­ portance to warrant control measures; Uromvces ianiphae (Wint.) Arthur on cassava (Manihot esculenta), not common; Uredo pallida Diet. &

Holw. on Corn (Zea mays), little damage could be attributed to it;

Uromvces dolicholi Arthur on pigeonpea (Caianus caian). quite common but causing very little damage; Uromyces arachidis on peanut (Arachis hypogea), attacking all varieties and reducing yields; and Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr, on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) (50).

In a later paper the same year, Stevenson mentioned the following rusts: Ravenelia humphreyana P. Henn. on Spanish carnation

(Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw.) causing defoliation of a considerable number of young plants; Uredo paspalicola P. Henn. on bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.). not common; Uromvces appendiculatus (P) Lk, on beans

(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) causing some defoliation, Uromvces caryophvllinus

(Schrank) Wint. on carnation (Dianthus carvophvllus); Uredo pallida Diet.

& Holw. on corn (Zea mays L.), common but not serious; Kuehneola fici (Cast.) Butler on fig (Ficus carica L.) causing defoliation? Uromvces

dolicholi on pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) as common;

Physopella concors Arthur on Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.);

Tranzschelia punctata (Pers.) Arthur on peaches (Amygdalus persicae L.),

one report; Uredo arachidis Lagerh. on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.),

common; Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Sorghum (Sorghum halepense (L.)

Pers.) common; Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare

var. sudanense (Piper) Hitch.); Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr,

on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., common; and Cerotelium

canavaliae Arthur on sword bean (Canavalia sp.) as common but not

serious (51).

P. Wilson, in 1917 listed some fungi of the island of Vieques,

situated about seven miles southeast of the eastern end of Puerto Rico,

and being about 19 ta 20 miles long by about five miles wide. The fol­

lowing Uredinales, determined by Professor J. C. Arthur, were included:

Family Coleosporiaceae:

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr, on Ipomoea stolonifera

(Cyrill.) Poir; also Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench: Porto

Rico, St. Croix.

Family Pucciniaceae:

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

On Spermacoce tenuior L.: Porto Rico.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

On Sida humilis Cav.: Porto Rico, St. Croix (61). 13

In a paper published in 1918, B. Fink reported on the distribution of fungi in Puerto Rico. Although the rusts and smuts were passed over, as the primary purpose was to collect ascomycetes, interesting data are given. Fink spent two months in Puerto Rico, in November and

December, 1915, and January, 1916, examining the fungus flora in

several areas, selected to give a good knowledge of the fungi of the island as a whole. The collecting stations were about San Juan, Rio

Piedras, Rio Grande, Mameyes, Vega Baja, Manati, Mayaguez, Yauco,

Aibonito and Naranjito. These areas were selected to give a total view of the island and as much variety as possible with respect to elevation and rainfall. All elevations were reached from sea level to the highest on the

island, 4,387 feet. All conditions with respect to precipitation of mois­

ture were reached, from the desert conditions on the South side of the

island with 15 to 30 inches per annum to 125 to .150 inches about El Yunque.

More than 2,200 specimens were collected. Regarding the fungus

flora in general, the rusts, the imperfect fungi, the black Perisporiaceae, the crustose lichens, the pyrenomycetes, and the Hysteriaceae abounded.

On the dry region south of Yauco, no fungi were seen on the leaves, ex­

cept an occasional rust or an imperfect fungus (19).

In 1918, H. E. Thomas, reports, on a rust on Burpee's Bush lima

beans abundant in the Experimental Station gardens at Mayaguez, and

also observed near Adjuntas on a type of Lima bean locally called Habas

Mayorca. The fungus was identified by J. C. Arthur as Uredo concors.

It was believed to cause considerable damage in the direct destruction 14 of leaf surface and in providing points of infection for weaker parasites, particularly Isariopsis qriseola (57).

The work of Dr. E. W. Olive and Prof. H. H. Whetzel with the

Aecidium-like rusts of Puerto Rico in 1917, in which a number of those

species were shown to be really telial, placed the remaining uncon­ nected species in a position of unusual interest. So, H. E. Thomas from the Agricultural Experiment Station at Mayaguez, at the suggestion of Dr. J. C. Arthur, undertook to determine in 1917 by means of cultures, the telial forms of Aecidium tubulosum Pat. & Gaill. on Solanum torvum

Sw. and A. passifloriicola P. Henn. on Passiflora rubra L. The spores of these two forms were germinated by Olive and Whetzel and shown to be truly aecial. Field observations were also made by them, which

strongly indicated that A. tubulosum might have had genetic connections with Puccinia substriata Ellis & Barth., and A. passifloriicola with P..

scleriae (Paz.) Arth. Thomas, also observed a number of instances in which these aecial and telial hosts, heavily rusted, were growing side by side.

To test these suggestions he planned a set of cultures. Plants of

Paspalum paniculatum and Scleria pterota were potted and brought into an open plant house. Plants of each were atomized with a water suspen­

sion of aeciospores from the aecial hosts in question. These plants, to­ gether with controls were then covered with belljars from 24 to 48 hours.

Four sowings were made from Solanum to Paspalum. all of which

developed infection. The sowing of May 28, 1917, gave an abundance 15

of characteristic uredia and telia of Puccinia sub striata on June 25, as

shown by microscopic examination made by Dr. Arthur. Uredia and telia on Paspalum paniculatum, collected on May 28 in the field by the

side of the Solanum plants bearing aecia used for inoculation on the same

date, also proved by the same test to belong to P. substriata. A like in­

oculation made December 3, 1917, showed on December 21a sparing

amount of uredia and telia, reported by Dr. Arthur to be the same

species of rust.

With the sowings from Passiflora to Scleria, considerable difficulty

was experienced in getting conditions favorable to infection. However,

two of four sowings produced some result. The one made on September 5,

1917 , on Scleria pterota Presl., showed urediospores on September 15,

and both urediospores and teliospores on September 18. The micro­

scopic examination made by Dr. Arthur, showed the spores to be charac­

teristic of P. scleriae. the teliospores having two and three cells, and

not those of P. sclericola Arth., or Uromvces scleriae P. Henn., both

occurring in the same region. The second successful sowing was made

December 5, 1917, and gave a few uredia on December 21, A sowing

of teliospores from Scleria pterota on leaves of Passiflora rubra.

November 8, 1917, showed pycnia on November 24, but the develop­

ment did not progress and on December 5, when a sample was taken to

transmit to-Dr. Arthur, only pycnia had formed.

As the controls remained free during the time of observation and

as the results corresponded with the field observations, there seemed 16 to be no further doubt regarding the genetic relationship of the forms in question. This, H. E. Thomas believed, to be the first cultural proof of the full life cycle of any tropical grass or sedge rust (55).

In 1918, J. A. Stevenson listed the following rusts as causing diseases of economic plants: Uredo hvmenaeae Mayor on Hvmenaea courbaril L. (West Indian locust); Kuehneola qossypii Arth. on Gossypium barbadense L. (Sea Island cotton); Uredo cabreriana Kern. & Kellerm. on

Ervthrina glauca Willd. (bucago); Phvsophella concors Arth. on Dolichos lablab L. (hyacinth-bean); Uromvces caryophyllinus (Schrank) Wint. on

Dianthus sp. (carnation); Ravenelia humphreyana P. Henn. on Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw. (dwarf poinciana); Uredo artocarpi Berk. & Br. on

Artocarpus communis Forst. (bread fruit); Uromvces dolicholi Arth. on

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea); and Cerotelium canavaliae Arth. on Canavalia gladiata (Tacq.) DC. (sword bean) (52).

In a subsequent paper in 1918, J. A. Stevenson, listed the follow­ ing rusts in Puerto Rico: Uromyces appendiculatus = (Uromvces phaseoli

(Pers.) Wint. var. typicaArth.) on Phaseolus vulgaris L. (kidney bean);

Kuehneola fici = (Phvsopella fici (Cast.) Arth. on Ficus carica L. (fig);

Uredo pallida Diet. & Holw. = (Angiopsora zeae Mains) on Zea mays L.

(Indian corn); Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Eriochloa subglabra

(Nash.) Hitchc. and Panicum barbinode Trin. (malojillo); Uredo arachidis =

(Puccinia arachidis Speg.) onArachis hypogaea L. (common peanut);

Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn. on Canna generalis Bailey (garden canna); Tranzchelia punctata Arth. on Prunus persica (peach); Physopella 17 vitis (Thuem.) Arth. on Vitis vinifera L. (European wine grape); Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnson grass);

Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense (Piper)

Hitchc. (Sudan grass); and Uromvces janiphae (Wint.) Sacc. on Manihot esculenta Crantz. (cassava) (53).

In 1923, F. J. Seaver published copies of the correspondence be­ tween Dr. N. L. Britton, Director in Chief of the New York Botanical

Garden, his own, and the government of Puerto Rico in relation to the

Scientific Survey of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Dr. Seaver wrote: "The total of the approximately ten weeks work in Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands has resulted in the collection of more than a thousand numbers of fungi, all of which will be subjected to a micro­ scopic study and the results incorporated in more technical and detailed reports to be published from time to time as the results become avail­ able. This work will result in bringing to light many species, genera, and even families not before known to occur in these islands as well as a considerable number of species not previously known to science."

(45).

In 1923, M. T. Cook, in describing the variations in soil and rainfall in Puerto Rico called attention to the fact that these make possible the growing of a great variety of crops and a very rich tropical flora; all these conditions favoring the production of fungi and plant diseases (12). On the other hand, W. Nowell, in his book on diseases of the crop-plants in the Lesser Antilles states that the Uredinales are made up of some 2000 known species of obligate parasites on trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants (including ferns) and that wherever vegetation of these types exists, from the polar regions to the equator, some repre­ sentatives of the family are found. Yet he considered that conditions in the West Indies were not so favorable to the development of rust-fungi as those of temperate regions. He admitted that recent research had disproved the idea that the species were extremely few, but that it re­ mained true that with few exceptions they were scanty in their distribu­ tion and inconspicuous in their development. The damage done to crop plant was usually quite insignificant in contrast to what occurred in temperate regions, with the outstanding exception of the coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix, not present in the Western Hemisphere.

W. Nowell considered the following, the commoner rusts on culti­ vated plants in. the Lesser Antilles: Puccinia purpurea Cke. on sorghum, very common and generally distributed on guinea corn, imphee, and Sudan grass; Puccinia sorghi Schw. on Indian corn, rather common in some places, but not as a rule doing appreciable damage; Puccinia cannae

(Wint.) Henn. on garden cannas; Uredo arachidis Lag., common on groundnut and sometimes destructive; Kuehneola gossypii (Lag.) Arth., common and sometimes severe on some perennial cottons; the bright yellow Uredo form of Phakopsora vitis Syd., generally common on grape vines; a brown Uredo on Dolichos; and Uromvces dolicholi Arth., common 19 on pigeonpeas in Trinidad (37).

The only rust mentioned by M. T. Cook, in his annual report for

1923-24 was Uromvces dolicholi Arth. on pigeonpeas (13).

In 1924, F. J. Seaver stated that the rusts had been so thoroughly collected in Puerto Rico by Stevens, Whetzel, Olive and various other visiting and local mycologists that on his visit it was hard for him to find one on a host which had not been recorded by Dr. Arthur in his work on the rusts of the island. He found even the rust flora of the Virgin

Islands so similar to that of Puerto Rico that he could find little new

material. However, a few items of information resulted from his work, including one new species.

The new species was Uromvces anthacanthi H. S. Jackson, sp. nov. on leaves of Anthacanthus spinosus Nees, St. Croix, March 18-25,

1923, F. J. Seaver 928 (45).

In 1925, M. T. Cook, in a report on cotton diseases in Puerto

Rico, mentioned Kuehneola qossypii as rarely found and causing purple

lesions on the upper surface of the leaf but sporulating on the under­

side (14).

F. D. Kern and H. H. Whetzel reported in 1926, Puccinia sorghi

for the first time in Puerto Rico and the following new species:

Uredo campeliae sp. nov. on Campelia zanonia (L.) H. B. K.

Uredo rousseliae sp. nov. on Rousselia humilis (Sw.) Urban.

Uredo buchenariae sp. nov. on Buchenaria capitata (Vahl) Eichl.

Uredo quaynabensis sp. nov. on Tussiaea angustifolia lam. (25). 20

The mycological survey of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

published by Seaver and Chardon in 1926 was a compil&tion based

chiefly on previously published papers . It constituted an annotated

check-list of the known fungi of the islands. Those of the Virgin

Islands were less extensively studied than those of Puerto Rico, and were known chiefly from Seaver's collections made in.1923. The survey 1 on the whole was surprisingly complete, and the paper was of great

service to all students of tropical fungi. The material was arranged on

the basis of the classification of the fungi, the genera of a family and

the species of a genus being listed in alphabetical order. Citations to

the places of original publications were given, hosts listed, and some

indication of geographical distribution was attempted. The minimum of

synonymy was included. A number of new species and a few new genera

were described, with full diagnosis given in every case. The portion of

the text covering the rusts was prepared by F. D. Kern and H. H.

Whetzel, including generic and host indices. The rusts were well repre­

sented, there being 71 species of Puccinia alone (20).

Seaver and Chardon called attention to the fact that in the tropics

many of the rust species have inconspicuous sori. That the uredio­

spores are repeating spores, that is, that they may reproduce themselves

over and over indefinitely under favorable conditions, and so the rest of

the life history is unknown.

In the scientific survey, Seaver and Chardon recognized three 21 families: Coleosporiaceae, with one genus and four species;

Melampsoraceae, with nine genera and 21 species; and Pucciniaceae with 10 genera and 156 species (47).

In 1926, R. A. Toro called attention to the fact that the bulk of the literature on the mycological flora of Puerto Rico already in ex­ istence, contained several disagreements regarding the identity of some of the forms studied, making necessary a detailed and comprehensive re­ vision of some of the groups (59).

In 1926, F. D. Kern made a botanical expedition to the Dominican

Republic, together with R. A. Toro, of the Insular Experiment Station of

Puerto Rico. The trip was made possible by the cooperation of the

Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico and the University of Puerto Rico. Dr. Kern's interest was in the rusts, of which he made about 400 numbered collections. The total number of rusts reported for the Dominican Republic, 86, seemed small compared with 140 for Cuba and 181 for Puerto Rico. Of the 86 species from Santo Domingo, 56 were known in Cuba and 7 0 in Puerto Rico, while 11 were not known in either

Cuba or Puerto Rico (26).

In 1932, a supplement to the Uredinales, for the "Scientific

Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Island" was made by F. D. Kern.

He stated, "Since the publication of the original list, 1926, some omissions and errors have come to light and several additions are to be made, based on new material. Collections responsible for additions have been furnished chiefly by Messrs. Chardon, Toro and Barrus. The 22 statement regarding distribution has not been changed, except in a few instances, although in a number of species the range has been extended both within Porto Rico and outside. Here are added 11 species, bring­ ing the total number of rusts known in Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands up to 192. Recent studies of Santo Domingo rusts by Kern, Ciferri and

Thurston have added to knowledge of Porto Rico species." (48).

In 1933, H. W. Thurston and F. D. Kern stated the West Indies have contributed about one out of every ten rusts known in North America, with a total of 290 species among the various islands. They called attention to the fact that as a whole, the rust flora of the islands re­ sembled that of North America only slightly more than that of South

America. In Puerto Rico, by 1918 there were 157 species known while in 1932 there were 192, of which' 26 were known only from Puerto Rico

(58).

M. T. Cook, in his book "Diseases of Economic Plants of the

West Indies," reports the following rusts, in 1939: Phvsopella vitis

(Thum.) Arthur in grapes; Uredo sapotae in Achras zapota L ., in the

Bahamas and Cuba; Uredo artocarpi B. & Br. in Artocarpus communis

Forst.; Uromvces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. typicaArth. on beans;

Uromvces ianiphae (Wint.) Sacc. on Manihot esculenta Crantz; Uromvces dolicholi Arthur on pigeonpeas; Uromvces cepulae Frost on onions;

Puccinia arachidis Speg. on peanuts; Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.)

Burr, on sweet potato; Uredo dioscoreicola Kern. Cif, Thurston on

Dioscorea spp.; Phakopsora desmium (Berk. & Br.) Cumm. on cotton; 23

Puccinia sorghii Schw. on corn; and Puccinia purpurea Cke. on sorghum

(15).

F. L. Wellman, in 1953, in an extensive article gives a word of warning of the danger of Hemileia vastatrix which has devastated coffee plantations all through Africa and the Orient forcing the growers either to plant an inferior but sturdier coffee or to abandon coffee entirely (60).

T. Theis, in 1953, in a survey of diseases of forage crops men­ tioned the following rusts: Puccinia cvnodontis Lecroix on Cvnodon

dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bermuda grass); Uromvces leptodermus Svd. on

Eriochloa polvstachya H. B. K. (Carib grass); Uromvces leptodermus

Syd. on Panicum purpurascens (Para grass); Puccinia levis (Sacc. &

Bizz) Magn. on Paspalum plicatulum (brownseed paspalum); Puccinia

purpurea Cke. on Sorghum vulgare Pers. (sorghum); Uromvces ignobilis

(Syd.) Arth. on Sporobolus iridicus (West Indies smutgrass); and

Puccinia polysora Underw. on Tripsacum laxum Nash (Guatemala grass)

(55).

In 1957, L. Calpouzos, T. Theis, and O. M. Rivera, from the

Experimental Station at Mayaguez, presented evidence supporting pre­

vious reports that Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast, was a facultative parasite

that can retain its virulence in culture and will grow under ordinary

laboratory conditions (10). B. PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL NOTES

Most of the present native vegetation in Puerto Rico is un­ doubtedly different from the plant life that existed during Cretaceous or even tertiary periods. The introduction of plants into Puerto Rico, through the aid of man, probably was started by the Caribs and the

Arawak Indians long before Columbus landed in 1493, and it has con­ tinued to the present time. The ever-changing environment has had its effect on the different species, as also has the destruction of the original forest, which exposed the soil, increased evaporation, and tended to make a drier soil climate. The second-growth vegetation was slightly different from the virgin trees, as it has had to be more drought-resistant in order to survive.

The native vegetation is very closely related to the soil climate.

On droughty land, such as coarse sands, very steep hills, shallow soils, or very permeable soils, the vegetation in many places is more typical of a drier climate than that of the surrounding air climate. On the other hand, slight depressions, poorly drained soils, or swamps, even in arid regions, have a plant growth characteristic of a moist clim ate.

Some of the most common plants that grow throughout nearly all parts of the island are flametree (Delonix regia), maya (Bromelia pinguin).

24 25 tropical almond (Terminalia catappa)coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis),

Australian pine (Casuarina eguisetifolia), bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), and such commercial crops as bananas (Musa paradisiaca sapientum), plantains (Musa paradisiaca). oranges (Citrus sinensis), grapefruit

(Citrus grandis). pineapples (Ananas sativus), sugarcane (Saccharum

officinarum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), com (Zea mays), beans

(Phaseolus vulgaris), cassava (Manihot esculenta), dasheen (Xanthosoma

atrovirens), sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas). mangoes (Mangifera indica),

pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan). avocados (Persea americana), breadfruit

(Artocarpus communis), and papaya (Carica papaya).

The flametree grows readily from the dry sea-level areas of the

south coast to the wet high areas of the mountain ranges. The maya

thrives equally as well on the fairly strong alkali soils as on the

tropical rain-forest areas. Many varieties of bamboo grow throughout

the islands. In the arid districts bamboo grows only along the edges of

small ponds, and in the semiarid districts only along stream banks.

Some plants are confined to rather narrow limits of environment,

owing to the physical or chemical characteristics of the soil, to soil

climate, or to elevation. Along the sandy beach, which fringes nearly

the entire island, is a plant association consisting of "matojo de playa"

(Sporobolus virginicus). a low weedlike grass that migrates along the

seaward side of the beach by means of rhizomes; saltweed (Philoxerus

vermicularis). a prostrate fleshy red-stemmed plant tolerant to white

alkali; and seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) which has broad leaves and an 26 extensive root system. The height of the seagrape ranges from that of nearly prostrate plant to that of a tall tree eight inches in diameter.

Generally, however, the plant is small, and its leaves are almost in contact with the soil. This helps to keep the sand moist and prevents the soil from blowing.

Closely associated with these drought-resistant sand-loving plant associations are plants that are resistant to salt water. In many places inland and parallel to the sandy coast are salt-water marshes and, in a few places, freshr-water swamps. The environment in these areas restricts vegetation to the hydrophytic plants and alkali-resistant species. In some places the swamps extend to the quiet bays. In such places the plant nearest to the sea and that in the most salty water is the common mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), which has numerous strong aerial roots that help to stop the agitation of the silt-laden water that pours into the swamps from the adjacent and faraway countryside. The silt and clay soon settle and thus build a mineral soil over the fast- decaying lower roots of the mangrove. Associated with the common mangrove but growing in areas having less concentration of salt, are the white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). black mangrove (Avicennia nitida), and buttonwood (Conocarpus erecta). This last-named plant generally grows in dry climates and may be a considerable distance from the swamp, on alkali land. Associated with the mangroves in wet open areas is a tall fern which grows to a height of six feet or more, and in 27 many places the growth is so dense that it is impossible to penetrate it to any great distance. Associated with this fern but now occurring in only a few places, such as in the swamp a mile west of Humacao beach, is the "palo de polio" (Pterocarpus officinalis), a tree very similar to the common mangrove.

On the south and east coast, as well as on the coasts of the small islands, inland from the mangrove swamps, are two plants which indicate the presence of salt, namely, saltwort (Batis maritima) and “Verdolaga rosada" (Sesuvium portulacastrum). Both are low bushlike shrubs. These plants nearly everywhere indicate that the land has about three per centcof white alkali within the topmost foot of soil. They grow on better drained

soils than do mangroves and may grow even on well-drained sand if there

is sufficient spray from the sea to maintain a high content of salt in the

soil.

In general the salt content of the soil becomes less as the dis­

tance from the mangrove swamps increases, and the character of the

vegetation changes accordingly. The most important plants a short dis­

tance from the mangrove associations are "junquillo" (Fimbristvlis

diphvlla), a sedge, which nearly always grows on black-alkali land and

is therefore restricted to calcareous soils receiving a rainfall of less

than 50 inches, and Mexican bluegrass (Chloris inflata) which grows on

both alkali and nonalkali land, as does the next important plant, Bermuda

grass (Cynodon dactylon). These plants are associated on the wetter 28 areas with “junco de cienaga" (Cvperus qiganteus). a tall coarse grass of little value. Cattail (Typha anqustifolia), sawgrass (Cladium lamaicense), common reed (Phragmites communis). and waterlily

(Castalia ampla) grow in brackish-water swamps in many parts of the island.

Associated with Bermuda grass and Mexican bluegrass in the arid sections ar/e xerophytes, such as cacti and other drought-resistant plants. The most widely propagated cactus is the prickly-pear (Opuntia dillenii). It grows on Cabo Cabezas de San Juan near the Fajardo light­ house, along the northwestern coast, and on Vieques Island, Culebra

Island, and other dry islands, as well as in the large dry area extending from Guayama to the southwestern coast. In arid sections it grows on almost any soil, but in semiarid sections it grows either on very shallow permeable soils or on very sandy soils.

Several trees are more or less confined to the drier sections having calcareous soils. They are black olive (Bucida buceras). West

Indian locust (Hvmenaea courbaril), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), gum tree (Elaphrium simaruba), wild fig (Ficus laevigata), lignumvitae

(Guaiacum officinale). silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra), and many species of acacia.

Inland from the arid or semiarid plant associations and below the rain forest, the vegetation consists for the most part of mesophytic plants or those that require a moist climate. This association includes the largest number of plants on the island partly because there is a 29 larger area involved. Growing within this area is the royal palm

(Rovstonea borinquena), palm that prefers alkaline acid soils but will grow on nearly every kind of soil, provided it has sufficient moisture.

The more common small plants in the moist sections are the many common ferns, sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), mountain raspberries

(Rubus rosaefolius). and "cohitre morado" (Callisia monandra). The common ferns are very abundant along road banks and on idle land.

Some species are very good indicators of strongly acid soil, low in plant nutrients. Ferns also extend into the rain-forest plant associa­ tion. The sensitive plant grows in many pastures and on many planta­ tions . The mountain raspberries are more abundant at elevations of more

t * than 1,500 feet than at the lower levels. The "cohitre morado" is effec­ tive on the densely shaded coffee farms as a soil binder, thus helping in the control of erosion.

The most important grasses growing in the moist-climate areas are West Indian rush grass (Sporobolus indicus), "cerrillo" (Meliosma obtusifolia), and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum).

"Cerrillo" grows on many kinds of well-drained soils throughout the moist and semiarid sections.

As the rainfall increases there is a gradual change from the moist- climate plant association to the rain-forest vegetation, and thence to the moss vegetation of the areas having the highest rainfall, which are the high wind-swept cool fog-laden peaks. Some of the most important plants of the rain-forest vegetation are motntain palm (Euterpe qlobosa). 30 treefern (Cyathea arborea), candlewood (Dacryodes excelsa), "granadillo"

(Ocotea spathulata), "sabino" (Magnolia splendens), "maricao"

(Laplacea portoricensis) . mahogany (Swletenia mahagoni), and Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata). The treefern is of value in helping to prevent erosion, as it has a good root system and its leaves help to break the force of the rain. Both the mahogany and the Spanish cedar grow in the moist sections as well as in the rain forest (40). C. SOIL TYPES OF PUERTO RICO

Many of the worlds great soil groups are represented in Puerto Rico by some of the 115 soil series (including 352 soil types and phases) or one of the six miscellaneous land types. This is an unusually large number of soils for an area like Puerto Rico; but the factors responsible for soil development-climate, native vegetation, relief, age, and parent material, are extremely varied within short distances, and therefore a large number of soil types may be expected.

The average annual rainfall ranges from less than 30 inches in the southwestern part of the island to more than 200 inches in Sierra de

Luquillo, the native vegetation ranges from the desert shrub type to the typical rain-forest type. The elevation ranges from sea level to 4,398 feet on Cerro de Punta, south of Jayuya. The relief varies from level to precipitous. The age of the soils ranges from that of the recent alluvial deposits along streams and young soils on steep slopes to that of the very old soils developed on nearly flat remnants of ancient plateaus.

The parent material has been produced, through the processes of weathering, from many different kinds of rock, such as tertiary lime­ stone, Cretaceous limestone, shales, tuff, volcanic ash, igneous intrusions, such as granites and andesites, and metamorphic rocks, such as serpentine, sandstone, and many mixtures.of volcanic rock.

These different rocks occur within different rainfall belts and many

31 32 slope gradients, thereby greatly increasing the number of mappable soil ty p e s.

Some of the soils are similar to some of the soils in southern

United States, but much larger numbers are similar to soils in more tropical areas such as Cuba, Dominican Republic, and the Virgin Islands.

Puerto Rico, viewed from the air at a high altitude, shows several outstanding land forms that more or less encircle the island in ribbon­ like bands, and each produces specific commercial crops, among the most important being, sugarcane, tobacco, grapefruit, bananas, pine­ apples, beans, sweet-potatoes, hay, corn, coffee, oranges, coconuts, yautia, plantains, cassava, pigeonpeas, yams, and cotton. Beginning at any point along the coast and proceeding toward the interior, the most conspicuous correlation is that between the large coconut groves and small truck farms with the sandy coastal lowlands; the mangroves and salt-resistant vegetation with the swampy coastal lowlands; the level checkerboard-shaped fields of sugarcane with the nearly level river flood plains, terraces, and alluvial fans; a variety of crops with the smooth coastal plains; sugarcane with the undulating or rolling inner plains; and pineapples, tobacco, subsistence crops, coffee, bananas, oranges, forest trees, and grass with the rather restricted districts on the steep uplands.

Most of the well-drained soils of the coastal lowlands, which form a discontinuous narrow strip fringing the coast, are nearly level, loose, sandy, and alkaline. Because these soils are so sandy and 33 droughty, the principal native vegetation is xerophytic in character, re­ gardless of whether the soil occurs in the humid or in the arid sections.

The poorly drained lands of the coastal lowlands include both organic and mineral soils. They occur adjacent to and inland from the beach or coast line. They have flat relief and are composed of soil having a high content of plastic sticky clay, muck, or fibrous peat.

The elevation of these soils ranges from sea level to about two feet.

The undrained organic soils in both the arid and humid sections are acid and salty, and they produce mangroves and other halophytic vegetation.

1 Most of the mineral soils of the poorly drained coastal lowlands are adjacent to or closely associated with the organic soils. They are acid in the humid sections and calcareous in the arid sections. In the humid sections they produce para grass (Panicum purpurascens), and if drained they are planted to sugarcane. In the arid sections, most of this land has a high content of harmful salt and produces nearly value­ less alkali grasses and shrubs. The reclaimed areas are planted to sugarcane.

Although the river flood plains definitely lie adjacent to the stream channels, the alluvial material has been spread out to such an extent at the amouth of each river that a band of this material not only extends continuously for many miles parallel with the coast but inland from the coastal lowlands as well. About 90 per cent of all the river flood plains are within five miles of the coast. Generally speaking, these soils of the alluvial lands are deep, nearly level, dark, and fertile. Those 34 adjacent to the streams, for the most part, are more friable, better drained, and sandier than those occurring parallel with the streams

(but a short distance away from them) and associated with the poorly drained mineral soils of the coastal lowlands. Most of the soils of the alluvial lands range from only slightly acid to calcareous. The most alkaline soils occur along the arid southern coast where the materials have accumulated from soil washed from the limestone, calcareous tuff, shale, and hills of related material where the rainfall has not been suf­ ficient to leach the lime carbonates from the soil. The most acid and lightest colored alluvial soils occur where the soil material has been washed from the acid, coarse-textured, granitic hills in the eastern and the west-central parts of the island.

Adjacent to the river flood plains, but on slightly higher elevations, are the soils of the river terraces and alluvial fans. These soils are composed of materials similar to the alluvial material of the river flood plains, but they are older, genetically more developed, and never flooded from stream overflow. They are nearly level and occupy rather large areas. The soils are deep and fertile, and most of the areas are readily accessible.

The soils of the smooth coastal plains form a discontinuous strip ranging in width from a very narrow strip along the southern and south­ eastern coasts to more than ei,ght miles along the north-central and north­ western coasts. Most of these soils are derived from medium-hard tertiary limestone, and they are generally red or reddish brown, friable, 35 and well drained; and allow rapid penetration of plant roots, they are adapted to nearly every crop grown on the island. These soils have been leached of their bases and plant nutrients to much greater extent than the soils on the river flood plains and the terraces, because they are older, more permeable, and, for the most part, more acid. They respond fairly well to large applications of fertilizers. Most of the areas receiving less than 60 inches of annual rainfall are irrigated.

Areas of the soils of the smooth coastal plains, occurring in the semiarid northwestern part of the island near Isabela and in the south­ western part near Cabo Rojo, are the least acid soils of this group, because the rainfall is insufficient to leach rapidly all the calcium that is returned to the soil from the decayed plant leaves which have received the calcium from the soil through the plant's lower roots.

The soils of the inner plains and colluuial slopes lie adjacent to the uplands, and they do not form so distinct a band as the coastal lowlands, as they are somewhat intermixed with the uplands. In a general way, however, they form an irregular noncontinuous belt between the uplands and the other physiographic divisions.

Most of the soils in this group occur in humid or subhumid sec­ tions, and only a few areas are irrigated. A harmful quantity of soluble salts is a limiting factor in crop production in a very small proportion of their total area.

All the soils of the inner plains and colluvial slopes are fairly deep, are fertile, and contain very few rocks. 36

The soils of the uplands occupy the interior of the island, and in a few places they extend to the coast. They include such a large propor­ tion of the center of the island that they may be referred to as the back­ bone of Puerto Rico. In areas having a high rainfall, most of the soils occur on steep relief and are for the most part red or purple, high in clay, acid, and only fairly fertile. Forests occupy most of the land above an elevation of 2,000 feet, because at that elevation the relief is so rough, broken, and the soils so exposed to wind that commercial crops cannot profitably be grown.

In the subhumid sections, the soils of the uplands are grayish brown or brown, neutral, friable, and fertile. Most of these soils are fairly shallow and occupy areas of steep relief.

The soils of the uplands in the arid sections, as well as the most shallow soils in the subhumid and humid sections, are dark, shallow, and fertile. Most of these soils are alkaline, rocky, and have very steep relief. Owing to the shallowness of the soil, rockiness or steep­ ness of the land, or dry climate, or a combination of these factors, these soils are suitable only for grass, brush, and trees.

The soils of the uplands occupy nearly as much land as the com­ bined area of all other soils. The relief of these soils ranges from rolling to precipitous; with their largest acreage classified as very steep.

The soils of the inner plains occupy a small proportion of the total area. They have level, rolling, or sloping relief and are suitable for 37 nearly all cultivated crops, but sugarcane occupies the largest acreage.

The soils of the terraces and alluvial fans have nearly level relief and for the most part are high in fertility and are especially well adapted for sugarcane. The soils of the coastal plains are fairly fertile and produce fair yields of nearly every crop commonly grown. They have level or undulating relief, and the majority of them are red or reddish brown. Sugarcane occupies most of the total area of the soils of the river flood plains. They have level relief and are enriched frequently by silt-laden overflows which help to maintain their high fertility. The soils of the coastal lowlands have well-drained soils, imperfectly drained mineral soils, and imperfectly drained organic soils. Most of the land is level or flat, and the soils are fairly productive if they are not impregnated with salt or do not have a high water table. Nearly all of the coconuts and a large quantity of truck crops are produced on the well-drained areas of these soils. The organic and related soils include a very small proportion of the total area, and agriculturally they are not very important. Most of their area is in mangroves (40).

The accompanying soil map, as seen on the following page, shows the location of the approximate soil groupings and physiographic divi­

sions . Diagrammatic map of Puerto Rico, showing the approximate soil groupings and physiographic divisions: 1, Deep soils of the uplands; 2 shallow soils of the uplands; 3, medium-deep and some shallow soils of the uplands; 4, soils of the inner plains; 5, soils of the terraces and alluvial fans; 6, soils of the smooth coastal plains and, in places, some shallow soils of the uplands; 7, soils of the river flood plains; and 8, soils of the coastal lowlands. c / (v

oo oo D. ELEVATIONS ON THE ISLAND

In a study made in 1946 on the extension of the mountainous area in Puerto Rico, it was estimated that 55 per cent of the lands in the island were below 500 feet above sea level; 21 per cent between 500 and a thousand feet, and 24 per cent above a thousand feet. Of the lands over a thousand feet above sea level, 58 per cent of those (14 per cent of the total in the island) had slopes steeper than 45 degrees. Of the lands with elevations between 500 and a thousand feet, 49 per cent had slopes steeper than 45 degrees (10 per cent of the total in the island). This means that almost one-fourth of Puerto Rico consists of very steep slopes with inclinations of 45 degrees or more.

About 40 per cent of the island is mountainous, 35 per cent is hilly, and 25 per cent of the land area consists of valleys. That is, less than half of the lands below 500 feet above sea level can be con­ sidered valleys, the rest of it being covered with hills, which also com­ prise part of the lands 500 feet above sea level, and the rest are m ountains.

These mountains form the backbone of the Island, extending almost uninterrupted from one end to the other. They start by the western coast, near Mayaguez at the mountains of Uroyan and Cerro de Las Mesas and run to the eastern end of the Island forming the Central Cordillera, the

Cayey Sierra and the Luquillo Sierra. The lowlands are found along the

39 40

coasts and in the east away from the coast at the inland valley of Caguas.

From the lowlands to the axis of the mountainous backbone extends the

mountains or hills, according to the differences in elevation between its

high and low parts. The mountains are more numerous along the axis of

the backbone, and the hills more numerous near the valleys or some­

times even within the valleys.

The Central Cordillera extends throughout the Island, from

Mayaguez to Aibonito. The highest points in the Central Cordillera

with elevations over 3,000 feet are found from the southwestern part of

Adjuntas to north of Villalba. From Adjuntas to Mayaguez the elevation

decreases to about 700 to 1,000 feet in the Cerro de Las Mesas. From

Villalba to the east it decreases only to about 2,800 feet to the south­

east of Aibonito. The highest mountains and their elevations are:

Cerro Puntas, 4,389 feet; Tres Picachos, over 4,000 feet; Cerro de

Dona Juana, 3,539 feet; Toro, 3,524 feet; the Yunque, 3,494 feet; and

Cerro Prieto, 3,077 feet (39). E . RELATIONSHIP OF RUSTS TO OTHER BASIDIOMYCETES

The scientific study of rusts goes back only about 200 years.

Hooke pictured the teliospores of a rust in his "Micrographia," published in 1665. Micheli made a beginning at rust nomenclature when, in his

"Nova Plantarum Genera," published in 1729, gave the name Puccinia to a rust later transferred to the genus Gvmnosporangium. The classifica­ tion of the rusts, however, did not really begin until about the end of the eighteenth century when Persoon, in Synopsis Methodica Fungorum in 1801, recognized the rusts as a distinct group of fungi and divided those known to him into several genera. The realization that a single rust might possess more than one spore form may be attributed to the

Tulasne brothers in their "Selecta Fungorum Carpologia" (1861-1865), and to the work of de Bary in 1865 (24).

In 1928, GSumann and Dodge, considered the Uredinales as a parasitic branch of the Auriculariales; based on the fact that in both groups the zeugite (the organ in which fertilization is completed and the dikaryon ends) develops into a special organ which is encysted and acts as a resting spore in the higher forms. To them, the Uredinales differed from the Auriculariales, in the higher differentiation of their resting spores, in the varied types of other spore forms and by the lack of fructifications. They included 3,000 species in the Uredinales, all parasitic on cormophytes, and occasionally having clamp connections

41 on the hyphae, as in the Auriculariaceae.

Gaumann and Dodge (21) considered the teliospores as homologs

of the probasidia and sclerobasidia of the Auriculariales, as the

dikaryon fuses in them to a single diploid nucleus which gradually

prepares for meiosis. To them the teliospores of all five forms of

fructification in the Uredinales have undergone very great differentia­ tion in form and appearance, offering very important characters for

systematic groupings within the order. The four types correspond to

the following families. Coleosporiaceae, in which the “teliospores"

germinate internally directly to basidia. From the standpoint of com­

parative morphology, they lack teliospores and correspond to the

Auriculariaceae. The family Melampsoraceae, which exhibits the

developmental tendency of the Septobasidiaceae. The zeugites in­

crease in independence and become special storage organs in which the

nutrients are prepared for the moment most favorable to basidial forma­

tion. In the Cronartiaceae, the teliospores are morphologically at ap­

proximately the same stage of development as in the Melampsoraceae.

Several spores are cut off catenulately on the hypha, and the whole

spore mass of the sorus clings together into a columnar spore body.

And finally, Pucciniaceae, where an entirely new phenomenon appears.

The teliospores are stipitate as are the urediospores, and they arise as

daughter cells of one mother cell which divides into the teliospore and

the stipe cell. The teliospores here play the role of zeugites (21).

E. A. Bessey (8), divides the Basidiomycetes into three subclasses 43

Teliosporeae, Heterobasidiae, and Eubasidiae. In the Teliosporeae, are included those fungi which form a teliospore. It corresponds to

Dietel's limits of subclass Hemibasidii in the second edition of Engler and Prantl's Die Natflrlichen Pflanzenfamilien of 1928. Usually the two orders Uredinales and Ustilaginales have been considered to be more or less closely related. They were placed close together by Fries in

1832 as Ordo IV; Hypodermii, and by Plowright in 1889 and by most

... . of the later botanists.

Bennett and Murray in 1899 separated the orders, placing the

Ustilaginales in the class Zygomycetes while the class Uredineae was placed between the two classes Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, the affinities being considered to lie with the former. Because of the fancied resemblance of the teliospores of some rusts to asci, C. E. Bessey in

1894, was inclined to include the Uredinales and Ustilaginales in the class Ascomyceteae, a position from which he receded when the cyto- logical phenomena of these groups became better known. The studies of Brefeld in 1881 and later, the cytological investigations of Sappin-

Trouffy in 1896, of Herper in 1898 and 1902, and others, all showed that they are rather closely related to the other Basidiomycetes. It is equally certain that they stand apart from the majority of families of that class. E. A. Bessey believes that the differences are sufficiently great to warrant placing them in a separate subclass, a position that does not deny their relationship within the Basidiomycetes, but which leaves each subclass much more homogeneous. 44

In 1889, Plowright, recognized the essential homology of the teliospores in the orders Uredinales and Ustilaginales. They have a typical manner of development. In the Ustilaginales, the diploid nucleus divides by meiosis into four nuclei, either in the teliospore, or more often the exospore ruptures and a thin-walled hypha (promycelium) grows out into which the diploid nucleus passes. The meiotic divisions then take place in the promycelium instead of the body of the teliospore. In some cases the nuclei divide once or twice more resulting in the production of 8 or 16 or even more nuclei. The promycelium may remain nonseptate, but more often becomes transversely septate into four cells. From each of these cells a sessile or stalked sporidium is produced or several such sporidia. From the nonseptate promycelium 4 to 16 or more sporidia bud out at the apex. E. A. Bessey considered that the teliospore is probably homologous to the hypobasidium and the promycelium to the epibasidium of some of the Auriculariales.

The promycelium of the rusts is normally four-celled, each cell having but one nucleus. It emerges through a thin spot in the teliospore wall, the germ pore. In shape the promyceliumxis variable depending upon the species. In Coleosporium and Gallowaya the teliospore divides by cross walls into four cells without emerging from the cell wall, thus producing a promycelium that is entirely internal. From each cell a long slender.sterigma grows up through the gelatinous stratum that covers the tops of the layer of laterally adhering teliospores. In 1912 Weir reported that occasionally in this genus the four cells produced by the division of 45 the teliospore are cruciately arranged, resembling the condition in

Tremella. In Chrysopsora each teliospore of the two forming the stalked

compound teliospore divides transversely as in Coleosporium. In

Goplana dioscoreae (B. & Br.) Cummins, the teliospores arise from the

base of a gelatinous matrix and push up into it but not through to the

exterior. Each teliospore, as in Coleosporium, divides by transverse

septa into four cells from each of which a slender sterigma pushes out

to the surface where the sporidia are formed. This is very similar to the

case in the gelatinous species of Auriculariaceae.

It is very apparent that there is not a very close relationship be­

tween the more highly developed Uredinales and Ustilaginales. In vege­

tative structures the similarities are greater, the mycelium in both orders

being intercellular with nucleated haustoria. Both types of mycelium are

present, monokaryon and dikaryon, although the former may have a very

brief life, especially in the parasitic life of the Ustilaginales. Eventu­

ally in both orders the dikaryon mycelium produces special cells, the

teliospores, within which the nuclei unite to form a diploid nucleus.

This nucleus undergoes two meiotic divisions to form four haploid nuclei

which apparently in both rusts and smuts are two of one sexual phase and

two of the other. The meiotic divisions may occur in the teliospore but

most often occur in the promycelium. In Ustilaginales the dikaryon phase

of the mycelium frequently bears clamp connections but these have never

been authentically demonstrated in the Uredinales. In sexual reproduc­

tion the Ustilaginales produce no definite male gametes. Any two cells 46 of opposite sexual phase may unite to initiate the dikaryon phase, be it nearby promycelial cells, sporidia, conidia or mycelia. In the Uredinales two mycelia of opposite sexual phase may diploidize one another when they come in contact within the host, but the usual mode of reproduction is by the union of spermatia with special receptive hyphae of the oppo­ site sexual phase. The rusts have reached a much higher stage of specialization of spore forms and of adaptation to alternate hosts, while the smuts are parasitic but able to grow saprophytically, thus eliminat­ ing the necessity for two growth phases in the same or different species of hosts. Because of the formation of spermatia in typical spermogonia and the production of receptive hyphae the rusts in this regard, accord­ ing to E. A. Bessey, hark back to more primitive ancestral forms among the Ascomycetes where such structures are present. Bessey thinks that the Ustilaginales must have branched off from the earlier rusts, with loss of these special organs, but at an early stage when the inherited tendency to produce clamp connections had not been lost. In 1931, Jackson, pointed out the similarity in life cycles of many rusts and Florideae, point which E. A. Bessey considers worthy of further careful considera­ tion, but which more recent studies tend to discredit.

In the subclass Heterobasidiomycetidae, in the basidial structure of one of its orders, the Auriculariales, this subclass shows many points of similarity with the more typical forms of the subclass Teliosporeae.

By some authors such as Patouillard in 1900, the latter are included in this order. Taking all their characteristics into consideration it seems 47 to E. A. Bessey, to be a more satisfactory arrangement to keep them apart in separate, but more or less closely related subclasses.

In many cases in the Heterobasidiomycetidae, a basidiospore will form a small sterigma from which a secondary spore will be shot off, just as occurs frequently in the formation of secondary sporidia in the

Uredinales. This phenomenon is generally known as germination by repetition.

Within the Heterobasidiomycetidae the basidium in many genera has been considered as being made up of two parts, hypobasidium and epibasidium, according to Juel in 1898, Neuhoff in 1924, Rogers in 1934, and others. These are then homologized with the teliospore and pro­ mycelium (as hypobasidium and epibasidium respectively) of the Uredinales and Ustilaginales. Ontogenetically, where this distinction can be made, the hypobasidium is a more or less spherical dikaryon cell within which the fusion of the nuclei occurs. It may remain thin-walled and proceed immediately with the formation of the epibasidium or may develop a thicker wall and become a resting cell with diploid nucleus, from which, under proper conditions the epibasidium then grows.

In the order Tremellales of the Heterobasidiomycetidae, since the majority of the species are gelatinous with the basidia embedded a short distance below the surface, a tube-like extension gives rise to the sterigma and basidiospore. E. A. Bessey considers these tubular outgrowths as homologous to the similar structures growing out of the cells of the basidia of Auricularia and not to be rightly called epibasidia, for he 48 considers the epibasidia of Auriculariales and the promyceliim of Uredinales as probably homologous, but entirely different from these tubular exten­ sions to bring the spores to the surface (8).

Talbot (1954) in an extensive discussion of the morphology of the basidium aims at some standard of terminology for this structure. The conclusions reached are that Linder's terminology for the basidium of probasidium, basidium and sterigma is unacceptable as it over-simplifies this organ; while Neuhoff's terminology is based on homologies which are unacceptable. He considers Neuhoff's terminology flexible and in many instances varying according to the subclass in which a particular fungus is classified. He believes with Donk, that the place or stage of kary- ogamy, and the place or stage of meiosis, are fundamentals which should be used in formulating terminology for basidia.

Talbot considers the basidium as that organ of the Basidiomycetes which is partly the homologue of the ascus, and which following kary- ogamy and meiosis bears the basidiospores either directly or on exten­

sions of the gonotocont (the organ in which meiosis takes place) wall, the sterigmata. The term is taken to include the probasidia, meta- basidia and sterigmata as parts of the whole basidium.

He considers the probasidium, as that part or stage of the basidium in which karyogamy occurs, that is, the primary basidial cell. Included also in this term are the teliospores of rusts, the chlamydospores of

smuts, and the more or less persistent or resistant cells in the same

stage of development in the Auriculariaceae. The term is intended to 49 denote the "first stage of the basidium" rather than "that which precedes the basidium." The metabisidium, is that part or stage of the basidium in which meiosis of the diploid nucleus occurs, replacing the pro­ basidium in many basidia. The metabisidium is intended to denote the final stage of the basidium as an antithesis to the first stage, or pro­ basidium. And finally, the sterigma is that part of the basidium which comes between the metabasidium and the basidiospores, or the elonga­ tions of tho metabasidium through which the nuclei migrate to the spores which are borne terminally. The sterigma is composed of a basal, fila­ mentous or inflated part called the protoSterlgma (Donk, 1954), and an apical point called the spiculum on which the spore is borne (54).

A comparison of the subclasses Teliosporeae and Heterobasidiae demonstrates more or less basic similarities throughout, in basidium production. Between the Auriculariales, Uredinales, and Ustilaginales there are such basidial similarities that some authors like Patouillard,

1900, placed them together in one group (8). F.. PRINCIPAL IDEAS ON PHYLOGENY

Concerning the phylogeny of the rusts there are three main con­

cepts, that of de Bary in 1884 , which derives the Uredinales from the

Ascomycetes; that of Brefeld in 1889, which connects them to the

Zygomycetes; and that of Moller in 1895, which derives them from other

Basidiomycetes, particularly the Auriculariaceae. Some workers derive

the Basidiomycetes from the red algae. An exposition and some evalua­

tion of the conflicting views follows.

Many mycologists follow de Bary's opinion, among others,

Blackman (1904), Lotsy (1907), Dittschlag (1910), Kursanov (1910,

1922), Maire (1911), Fromme (1911), Mme. Moreau (1914), Killian

(1920), Gwynne-Vaughan (1922), Lindfors (1924), Linder (1940), E. A.

Bessey (1950), Clements and Shear (1954), and S a vile (1955). They

consider the Uredinales as the most primitive living Basidiomycetes

and place them at the beginning of this class.

In 1928, Gaumann and Dodge, pointed out that this point of view

rested mainly on the structure of the male sexual organ, which had sur­

vived as the pycnium. It appeared very similar to the " spermogonium"

of the Ascomycetes, as in Poly stigma.

These workers, according to Gaumann and Dodge, sought for the

survival of the corresponding female organs, in the aecia. The ascomy-

cetous ancestors had simple unicellular oogonia with unicellular

50 51 trichogynes. The oogonia were joined together in groups and were fertilized by the spermatia arising in the spermatogonia. During the degeneration of sexuality, the spermatial fertilization disappeared and in its place two oogonia copulated with each other. The survivors of these gametangia were the palisade cells which they regarded as a sorus

Of reduced female organs. The survivors of the trichogynes remained as sterile cells cut off at the top of the palisade cells, losing their function and becoming buffer cells which by their dissolution gave the necessary space for the development of the spores.

In 1914, Mme. Moreau, sought for a different significance for the aecia. She proceeded from the hypothesis of gametophores in the

Ascomycetes. The present aecia were preceded by pre-aecia in which chains of female gametes (pre-aecidio-spores) were formed upon the basal cells (gametophores). Because of the degeneration of sexuality, plasmo- gamy followed within the female gametophoric sori between two female gametes. The differentiation of gametes underwent no interruption from this, only they were henceforth binucleate, behaved no longer as gametes but divided into aeciospore and stipe cell.

According to GSumann and Dodge, these conceptions offered the advantage that they created in the Uredinales the sought-for link between the Ascomycetes and the Basidiomycetes (assuming that the phragmo- basidium was the original form of basidium), developing the latter from the former through the rust series to the saprophytic forms. However, they considered it questionable that the pycniospores were functionless 52 spermatia, and not satisfactory to homologize the sterile cells at the top of the palisade of the aecia with the trichogyne. They concluded that a direct derivation of the Uredinales from the Ascomycetes was untenable (21).

Linder, in 1940, derived the Uredinales from the Ascomycetes, in the vicinity of the Sphaeriales or Dothideales. From the Uredinales he would derive the Auriculariales, Tremellales, and Dacrymycetales.

From the Tremellales he would derive the Corticiae (Family Thelephor- aceae) and thence the other Eubasidial families. His derivation of the

Uredinales from the Ascomycetes was based mainly on the facts that the

Basidiomycetes represented a culmination of an evolutionary trend that began very early in the evolution of the Ascomycetes, that is , the in­ creasing importance of the dikaryotic phase interposed between plas- mogamy and karyogamy; on the homologies between the crozier cells and clamp connections; and on the homologies between the ascus and the basidium.

Linder considered the Uredinales, or an ancestral form of this order, to be the primitive Basidiomycete. To him, the ascomycetous ancestor had the following characteristics: pycnidia with receptive hyphae, one or two additional conidial forms, and possibly parasitic.

The trend within the Ascomycetes had been towards the increase in dura­ tion and importance of the dikaryotic stage of the life cycle. A trend continued in the rusts when the spores, aecial and uredo of the present day forms became dikaryotic. The spores thus equipped with nuclei of 53 opposite sex factors serve to spread the fungus more rapidly since, both factors being present, the thallus could immediately proceed to the formation of the zeugites or resistant structures under unfavorable con­ ditions so facilitating spread and survival. He suggested the possibility that the ancestral Uredinales had clamp connections and that these were lost, or that if the Uredinales developed from a pyrenomycetous ancestor there was no need to suppose that the clamp connections had as yet de­ veloped. In the absence of clamp connections, the rusts have reached a degree of development parallel to that found in the higher Pyre no my- cetes, but lower than in the Inoperculate Discomycetes.

As to probable evolutionary lines within the Basidiomycetes,

Linder, believed the Uredinales to give rise to the Auriculariales. To him either change of hosts or shortening of life cycle had led to homo- thallism. The Uredinales have proceeded from the complex to the simple life-cycle. He arranged Basidiomycetes according to the decreasing im­ portance of the probasidium. He grouped together the parasitic forms which he considered more primitive than the saprophytic forms; reasoning that if parasitism is a result of Mendelian factors and that it also may be influenced by the cytoplasm, then mutations could give rise to weakly parasitic or even saprophytic species. He assumed that the Ustilagina- ceae were derived from an endo-form of Pucciniaceae as a result of the aeciospores taking over the functions of the teleutospore and as a result of a slight change in nuclear behavior. He considered the chlamy do spores of smuts to be identical in nature with the aeciospores of the endoforms, 54 and like them to germinate by means of a characteristic basidium. He considered the Ustilaginaceae more primitive than the Tilletiaceae. He derived the Tremellales from an ancestral uredinaceous form charac­ terized by a change from a stichobasidial orientation of the nucleus to a chiastobasidiaj one; one that became saprophytic and had a great in- ♦ crease in gel production over that found in the coleosporiaceous ancestor (38). Linder's suggestion is that from the Uredinales arose all other types of basidiomycetous fungi (8).

In Clements' and Shear's, The Genera of Fungi (1931), de Bary's derivation of the Uredinales from the Ascomycetes is followed. They call attention to the fact that the conidial stages of the rusts lend

strong support to the ecological view that the telium is a reduced v * ’ apothecium, probably to be derived from that of the order Agyriales of the Ascomycetes. Th^r think that chiefly as the result of an assured water supply, the apothecium has become reduced to a mass of asci and

spores, in which the fusion of the two walls has provided the necessary

protection at maturity. They regard the intense parasitism of the group

as rendering possible a new and very active evolution that has dealt

specially with the number and association of the four spore-forms. They

regarded the Pucciniaceae as ancestral and the Melampsoraceae as de­ rived from them by more or less reduction (11).

In 1955, D. B. O. Savile, (43) in a thought-provoking paper,

follows basically de Bary's arrangement, with the only startling departure of abandoning the clamp-hook homology. On the basis of thirteen 55 phylogenetic principles of general or mycological application he con­ siders it difficult to accept any starting point for the Basidiomycetes other than a primitive ascomycete very close to Taphrina and parasitic upon ancient ferns, which he calls Prototaphrlna, a hypothetical, ancestral basidiomycete one line led to the rusts and another, via the parasitic Auriculariaceae, to the remaining Heterobasidiomycetidae and the Homobasidiomycetidae.

According to Savile, in this second line the trend has been toward increasing saprophytic ability, increasing frequency of clamp connec­ tions, and increasing complexity of fruit body. He traces the evolution of the rusts from the Taphrina-like ancestor to the higher Melampsoraceae.

He also gives a generalized phylogeny of the Phycomycetes and

Ascomycetes and a chronology of the strictly parasitic groups of fungi.

He concludes that parasitism , far from being recent and derived from saprophytism, is generally ancient in the fungi; that the Ascomycetes arose from parasitic, aquatic Phycomycetes; and that saprophytism has in general been derived from parasitism (43),

The second concept of the phylogeny of the rusts, the Brefeld school (Brefeld, 1889; Tavel, 189,2; Christman, 1907; Olive, 1908, 1911; and in part E. Fischer, 1912) proceeds from the hypothesis that the basidium is a conidiophore which has become constant in form and spore number. Thus it connects the Uredinales and the Auriculariaceae with the Zygomycetes and attempts to elucidate this by a comparison between

Chaetocladium and Endophvllum. The zygospores of Chaetocladium and 56 the aeciospores of Endophvllum are both the direct product of a sexual act and both germinate normally with a conidiophore, which in

Chaetocladium is indefinite and in Endophyllum is fixed as a basidium.

The remaining spore forms were developed successively de novo. This conception draws a direct parallel for the plasmogamy occurring be­ tween two basal cells and for the fusion cell itself. Functionally the fusion cell is a zygospore formed by the copulation of gametangia which have become uninucleate. This requires the basidium to be a stabilized conidiophore, a fact contradicted by important cytological considera­ tions. Between the organization of the Zygomycetes and of the

Uredinales lies such a broad gulf, that this conception is apparently no longer tenable (21).

A third solution to the problem of the phylogeny of the rusts, is to connect the Uredinales to other Basidiomycetes, particularly to the

Auriculariaceae; instead of deriving them either from the Ascomycetes or the Zygomycetes. This idea was first expressed by Moller in 1895 and further developed by Dietel (1903, 1904, 1909, 1912, 1915, 1918),

Klebahn (1914, 1916), ^hnchen (1923), Neuhoff (1924), Faull (1928),

GSumann (1928), Rogers (1932, 1934), and others. As a starting point,

Auriculariaceous forms such as Eocronartium muscicola, with micro- conidia and macroconidia, could be considered. The microconidia, cut off singly cm unicellular sterigmata, are considered the ancestors of the pycniospores. The macroconidia arose singly from a mother cell which divided into a spore and a stipe cell, something as the initial cells 57 of Phragmidium potentillae-canadensis at the present time. With the transition to endoparasitism and the increasing difficulty to rupture the tissue of the host, the sporophores collected into sori.

Plasmogamy was considered to take place (at first preferably and in time exclusively) where for the first time in the life cycle numerous parallel hyphae were pressed together, that is, in the primary uredia of the ancestral forms. From these developed the more highly special­ ized aecia. This derivation being based on the fact that the uredium possessed both the single-spored type (in which the stipe cells have only one purport) and the chain type, leading directly to the aecia. In certain heteroecious forms, as Puccinia sydowiana, P. perdermiospora and P. seymouriana, the aeciospores show peculiarities of structure so similar to those of the urediospores that Arthur assumes a genetic connection between the aecial mycelium and the uredial mycelium on other hosts, which he has demonstrated by cultural experiments. Ac­ cording to this, the eu-type would have arisen from the brachy-type.

The phylogenetic development of the Uredinales may be repre­

sented hypothetically according to Dietel and to Faull, in the following manner: The primitive forms derived from the Auriculariaceae had lived on ferns in the Silurian. When the conifers appeared, its gametophyte could also live upon these. Subsequently, the greater part of the cycle was shifted to the conifers upon which it developed greater dependence.

They retained the gametophyte host and successively seized as suitable hosts those which, in the course of geological time, they encountered 58 among the developing angiosperms. From a morphological viewpoint, they are characterized by the development of special zeugites which in the lower forms are formed at any point in the mycelium, but in the higher

forms arise in special sori and are transformed into teliospores. In the

Coleosporiaceae and Melampsoraceae, with the exception of Melampsora, they live in the haplophase exclusively on conifers, in the diplophase in

different ferns and angiosperms.

The zeugites gradually lost their significance and hence were no

longer retained in the families branching off the main line. The primary

cause may be that, as today in Hvalopsora and Uredinopsis, the

urediospores are able to winter over; thus meiosis was in the course of

time fixed at their germination in the spring, that is, shifted forward to

the overwintering urediospores which thus assumed the role of zeugites

and thereby attained new morphological developmental impulses.

At first there developed the Cronartiaceae whose urediospores and

teliospores are similar and whose teliospores contribute toward propaga­

tion. They retained the confiers as their gametophyte hosts .

Thus there proceeded a special permanent development from forms

with the single-spore type of urediospores, all the more so as their

branching off went hand in hand with a period of mutation in respect to

physiological requirements. That such physiological mutations can

occur is supported by the example of Cronartium asclepiadeum whose

sporophytes can infect both Vincetoxicum. Paconia and Pedicularis

(which appear in the north temperate zone, the home of the gametophyte 59 host, the pine, and hence may be regarded as the true hosts) and various exotic angiosperms, Verbenaceae, Balsaminaceae, Loasaceae,

Tropaeolaceae and Solanaceae, which it met for the first time in the course of experiments made by Klebahn in 1914 and 1916. A relaxation of extreme specialization was encountered in Melampsora, which changed its gametophyte host by migrating either to the sporophyte host, that is, becoming autoecious, or to other angiosperms, Amentiferae,

Saxifragaceae, Monocotyledoneae, etc. Basidial formation is deferred to specially formed urediospores from which arose the stipitate telio­ spores of the Pucciniaceae, no longer joined into crusts.

Thus the Pucciniaceae are apparently of recent date. Since the

Amentiferae are not parasitized, they must have been formed later than these. The oldest forms were plurivorous (omnivorous) and attained a full development at the time when the earth was being covered with a mass of new angiosperm families. The purely autoecious forms attained a prolific development in the tropics and the south temperate zones ex- pecially on Leguminosae, and in the north temperate zone chiefly on

Rosaceae. There they divided into a whole series of morphologically distinct genera, as for example Uromvcladium and Ravenelia on

Leguminosae and Phragmidium. Ochrospora. Triphragmium, Kuehneola and Gvmnoconia on Rosaceae. Also the partially heteroecious

Gvmnosporangium possibly arose from this group by a second shifting of the gametophyte from Rosaceae to conifers. Their teliospores usually resemble those of Phragmidium. 60

The remaining mixed genera which contain both autoecious and

heteroecious species, particularly Uromvces and Puccinia in contrast

to the Coleosporiaceae, Melampsoraceae and Cronartiaceae, are dis­

tinguished in their change of host by a great stability in their sporophyte which chiefly inhabits the Glumiflorae, while their gametophytes have

been spread to more than 50 families of angiosperms and again have be­

come largely specialized to specific hosts. From these species, by a

reduction of the life cycles, arose numerous micro- and endo-forms.

In the micro-forms, meiosis came about in the long-cycled species as

a result of a simplification of the life cycle where all spore forms up to

the teliospore and eventually the pycnia were suppressed. In other

cases, a shifting of place of teliospore formation took place. Altogether

the impression obtained is that the sorus was originally developed as an

aecium, later became indefinite and was merged with the telia. These

forms appear chiefly in tropical, alpine and polar regions.

The development in the endo-forms has proceeded a step further;

here also karyogamy has been advanced into the aecium, occurring in

aeciospores rather than teliospores. While in the micro-form, Uromvces

alpestris, teliospores are formed within the sori, originally considered

to be aecia, where karyogamy takes place, in the endo-form, Endophvllum

eiuphorbiae-silvaticae on Euphorbia, the original tendency of the sori to

form aeciospores preponderates and karyogamy takes place there. Ac­

cording to this conception the endo-forms are the end members of a

series of developments which, by shifting of teliospore formation in 61 certain micro-forms, became introduced into the aecium (21).

Rogers (41, 42), would derive the Uredinales from Tulasnella,

Tremella, and Auriculariales, while deriving the Eubasidiae in another direction from the same primitive genera. If this hypothesis is correct, then the objects called basidiospores or sporidia are not homologous with ascospores but are secondary spores produced from them to provide for aerial distribution, the homologues of the ascospores being the individual cells of the transversely or longitudinally septate basidium (41, 42).

E. A. Bessey (8) insists that even if Rogers is right in postulating the change in position of the four septa in Tulasnella so as to divide the

"probasidium" or "hypobasidium" vertically as in Tremella and that then by a further shifting of the septa they become transverse, as in

Auricularia, the external basidiospores in all these cases are homologous.

That if the Uredinales arose from the Auriculariales by the emphasis on the development of the "probasidium" into a thick-walled resting spore, as occurs in many species of Septobasidium. the sporidia of these too are homologous to the foregoing basidiospores, that is, are secondary

spores. The close relationship of the Auriculariales, Tremellales,

Dacrymycetales, Tulasnellales, Uredinales, and Ustilaginales would

seem to be emphasized by the widespread occurrence of the production

of secondary spores from the basidiospores (sporidia) by budding (8).

Because of the analogy of the life history between certain red

algae and the Uredinales, a few workers had suggested to look for the

ancestral rusts in the Rhodophyceae. B. O. Dodge, in 1924, 1925 and 62

1926 developed an interesting modification of the hypothesis of the re= lationship of the Basidiomycetes to the red algae. He considered that just as the Ascomycetous line is characterized by the gradual degenera­ tion and disappearance of the male organs and by the assumption of their function by vegetative fusions, in the Basidiomycetous line, the female organs disappear first leaving the male organs, no longer functional, as vestigial structures whose presence is still physio­ logically important even after their cells have lost the corresponding female organs with which to copulate. The so-called sexual cells, gametes and sexual fusions are purely secondary, the fusions occurring between cells which are no more homologous to sexual organs, spermatia and oogonia, of any possible ancestral form than are the anastomoses of hyphae of the plus and minus strains of rusts with a typical two-celled

i basidium, which is regularly associated with absence of spermogonia and the production of uninucleate spores, suggested to him that the presence of spermogonia may influence cell fusions in which they do not themselves take part.

The five great orders in the Florideae are distinguished mainly on the basis of the form and disposition of the carpogonial branches and auxiliary cells, and on the nature of the cell fusions which follow as secondary events. The gonimoblasts or ooblastema filaments, sporo- phytic outgrowths from the fertilized egg, in many genera are also in­ volved in these secondary fusions preliminary to the development of the carpospores. It is to these secondary cell fusions in which the 63 auxiliary cells of the red alga take the leading part, that Dodge looked for the homologues of the fusing cells of the rust (21).

In 1940, Linder, attacked the possible derivation of the rusts from the red algae mainly on the following basis: that the red algae which

show greatest similarity to the Uredinales are all marine; that the chromosome number of the red algae is greater than in the Basidiomycetes; that nuclear division takes place in different fashions in both groups; and finally, that the life cycles are analogous, but not homologous, since the alternation of generations in the red algae involves two separate types of plants, a haploid and a diploid one. In the Basiciomycetes, on the other hand, involves an n chromosome phase, an n + n phase, and

a momentary 2n phase (34).

While Jackson, in 1944, emphasized the parallelism of the life

history types in the Uredinales and the Florideae. He considered that

the various types of life history, such as alternation of haploid and

diploid generations and shortened life cycles occurred in both groups of

organisms, and that also there were a number of structural similarities

such as spermatia, receptive hyphae, etc. Nevertheless, E. A. Bessey,

considered that in view of the extreme, obligate type of parasitism of the rusts and the usual nonparasitic mode of life of the red seaweeds, cgid of the type of teliospores with promycelium (characters not indicated in the

latter group) that it appeared evident that the relationship was not neces­

sarily very close. That the structure and function of these organs seemed to indicate relationship with the Basidiomycetes (8). The writer, after a careful analysis of the conflicting views dis­ cards as untenable Brefeld's school of connecting the Uredinales to the Zygomyetes as well as the idea of deriving the Basidiomycetes

from the red algae; and agrees closely with de Bary's derivation of the Uredinales from the Ascomycetes especially as further developed by Savile in 1955, which he considers the best "evidence" available. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES EXAMINED

Angiopsora phakopsoroides (Arth. & Mains) Mains

Dicaeoma phakopsoroides Arth. & Gromme

Puccinia phakopsoroides Arth. & Mains

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, in small groups on dark, discolored spots,

round, small, 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter, cinnamon-brown, early naked,

ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; paraphyses peripheral incurved,

clavate, 10-12 x 35-50 u, the wall cinnamon&brown, I u thick, usually

thickened up to 2-3 u on the convex side; urediospores ellipsoid or broadly

obovoid, 19.30 x 26.55 u (average from 3 specimens examined); wall

brownish or nearly colorless, 1-1.5 u thick, closely echinulate, the

pores very indistinct, probably 2 and equatorial.

III. Telia hypophyllous, scattered, squarish-oblong, 0.5-1 mm long,

long covered by the epidermis, compact with the spores adhering

laterally, brownish-black due to discolored host-tissue; teliospores 1-,

2- or 3-celled, short cylindric, 19.55-34.03 u (one specimen examined),

rounded above and below, somewhat constricted at septa; wall pale-brown

or colorless, smooth, thin, uniformly 1 u or less in thickness, but with an

outer colorless layer swelling in water to 2-3 u above, demonstrable by

staining; pedicel apparently persistent and 59.37 u long. (See Fig. 1).

65 66

On POACEAE:

Olvra latifolia L.

Type Locality:

Guantanamo, Cuba, on Olvra latifolia L.

Distribution:

Mayaguez, P.R. A. A. Heller Jan. 30, 1900.

Also reported from: Cuba and Venezuela.

Angiopsora ateae Mains

Dicaeoma pallescens Arth. & Fromme

Puccinia pallescens Arth.

Uredo pallida Diet. & Holw.

0 and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, scattered or in small groups, oval or oblong,

0.3-0.8 mm long, somewhat bullate, opening rather tardily by a central

rupture, pale-yellowish; paraphyses none; urediospores ellipsoid,

obovoid, or pyriform, 17.77 x 22.77 u (average from 11 specimens ex­

amined), wall colorless or nearly so, thick, about 2.17 to 2.90 u, finely

and moderately echinulate, the pores equatorial, very indistinct, probably

4. (See Figs. 2, 3 & 4).

III. Telia hypophyllous, scattered or associated in rather indefinite

groups about 1 cm across, oval or oblong, 0.5-2 mm long, long covered

by the epidermis, very compact and stromatoid, brownish-black due partly

to discoloring of surrounding host-tissue; teliospores cylindric, 1-4

celled, usually 2- or 3-celled, 9-16 by 26-67 u, truncate or rounded at 67 both ends, slightly or not constricted at septum; wall light golden-brown, thin, 1 u, slightly thickened above, 2-3 u, smooth; pedicel very short or lacking.

On POACEAE:

Tripsacum lanceolatum Rupr. (Tripsacum acutiflorum Fourn.). M exico.

Tripsacum latifolium Hitchc., Guatemala; Nicaragua; El Salvador.

Zea mays L ., Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; El Salvador; Guatemala; Mexico; Nicaragua; Peru; Trinidad; Venezuela.

Type Locality:

Near Mexico, City, Mexico, on "Tripsacum dactyloides. 11

Distribution on Zea mays L .:

Demonstration Farm, Trujillo Alton, P.R.- H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 26, 1924.

Mayaguez, P.R. A. S. Muller May 5, 1927.

Naguabo, P.R.— J. A. Stevenson April 19, 1916. (#440).

Naguabo, P.R. J. A. Stevenson April 19, 1916. (#8897).

Rio Piedras, P.R.-—J. A. Stevenson Oct. 23, 1917.

Coleosporium domingense (Berk.) Arth.

Coleosporium plumierae Pat.

Uredo domingensis Berk.

Uredo plumieriicola P. Henn.

0 and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown. 68

II. Uredia hypophyllous, scattered, 0.3-0.5 mm across, soon naked, orange-yellow fading to tawny-yellow, ruptured epidermis rather incon­ spicuous; urediospores broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, 16.72 x 25.10 u

(average from 5 specimens examined), wall rather thin, 1.5-2 8, rather coarsely verrucose with low deciduous tubercles, 3-5 u across, not crowded. (See Figs. 5, 8, 9, 10 & 11).

III. Telia hypophyllous, scattered, round punctiform, 0.1-0.3 mm across; teliospores with wall swelling 10-20 u above; contents fading to colorless, oblong, 32.58 by 63.71 u (one specimen examined), rounded above and much narrower below, smooth, one-celled. (See

Figs. 6 & 7).

On APOCYNACEAE:

Plumeria spp.

Plumeria sp., Dominican Republic; Panama.

Plumeria acutifolium Poir.. Florida.

Plumeria alba L ., Puerto Rico; Guadaloupe; Panama.

Plumeria emarqinata Griseb.. Cuba.

Plumeria kruqii Urban, Puerto Rico.

Plumeria lutea Ruiz & Pav., Guatemala.

Plumeria obtusa L ., Mona Island, Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Cuba; Guadaloupe.

Plumeria rubra-L .. Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Guatem ala.

Type Locality;

Dominican Republic, on unknown plant (Plumeria. possibly -Plumeria rubra L.). 69

Exsiccati:

Kellerm. Fungi Sel. Guat. 13.

Distribution:

On Plumeria alba L .:

Guanica, P.R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 30, 1916.

Leguisamo, P.R. (Km. 8, Hm. 9, shady-rainy) L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 22, 1959.

On Plumeria krugii Urban:

Insular Forest, Maricao, P. R. Chardon & Otero ---- Aug. 8, 1943.

On Plumeria obtusa L.

Mona Island, P. R. (Limestone plateau, trail to Los Cerezos) Mar. 3, 1944.

Mona Island, P.R. (Limestone plateau, above Sardinera) Mar. 9, 1944.

On Plumeria rubra L.

Corral Viejo, Ponce-Adjuntas road, P. R. Chardon ---- Aug. 16, 1920.

Coleosporium elephantopodis (Schw.) Thum.

Caeoma elephantopodis Link

Peridermium elephantopodis Hedge. & Hahn

Peridermium intermedium Arth . & Kern

Stichopsora elephantopodis Schw.

Uredo elephantopodis Schw.

O. Pycnia chiefly epiphyllous, one to many in one or two rows , at first orange-yellow, becoming golden-brown, 0.3-0.6 mm wide by 0.3-1 mm 70 long, and 0.1-0.2 mm high.

I. Aecia amphigenous, one to few in two short rows, flattened laterally, irregularly triangular or rectangular in side view, 0.3-0.9 mm wide by

I.1-1.9 mm long, and 1-3.6 mm high; peridium often vertically striate, rupturing by a longitudinal slit, the margin notched; peridial cells rectangular in cross-section, slightly or not overlapping, 20-40 x 32-72 u, the walls very thick, 6-12 u, the inner wall closely verrucose; aecio­

spores globoid, obovoid, or ellipsoid, 14-24 by 20-32 u, walls 3-6 u thick, slightly or not at all thicker above, closely and coarsely verrucose.

On PINACEAE:

Pinus caribaea Morelet (Pinus elliottii Engelm., Pinus heterophylla Sydw.), Alabama; Florida; Georgia.

Pinus echinata Mill. (Pinus mitis Michx.), Arkansas; Georgia; Kentucky; Maryland; Missouri; North Carolina; South Carolina; Virginia.

Pinus palustris Mill. (Pinus australis Michx.), Alabama; Florida; Georgia; Louisiana; Mississippi; North Carolina; South Carolina; Texas.

Pinus rigida Mill.. North Carolina.

Pinus serotina M ichx., Florida; South Carolina.

Pihus taeda L ., Alabama; Florida; Georgia; Mississippi; North Carolina; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas.

II. Uredia amphigenous, or sometimes only on one side or the other, in

open groups, or scattered, 0.25-0.5 mm across, soon naked, yellow

when fresh, fading to white, ruptured epidermis scarcely noticeable;

urediospores ellipsoid or globoid, 14.91 by 21.58 u (average from 5 71 specimens examined); wall medium thick, 1.5-2.5 u, densely verrucose with irregular, deciduous tubercles, which are 1-1.5 u long. (See

Figs. 12, 13, 14 & 15).

III. Telia hypophyllous, in open groups, or scattered* often confluent,

0.25“0.5 mm across; teliospores with walls swelling 30-40 u thick above; contents orange-yellow when fresh, oblong-clavate or terete,

20-23 by 48-70 u, rounded or obtuse above, narrowed below.

On CARDUACEAE:

Elephantopus anqustifolius Sw.. St. Vincent.

Elephantopus carolinianus W illd., Alabama; Arkansas; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland; Mississippi; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia; West Virginia.

Elephatitopuselatus Bertol., Florida; Georgia; M ississippi.

Elephantopus hvpomalacusySlake. Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatem ala.

Elephantopus mollis H. B. K., Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Guatemala; Jamaica.

Elephantopus nudatus A. Gray, Alabama; Florida; Georgia; Mississippi; South Carolina; Virginia.

Elephantopus tomentosus L ., Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Louisiana; Mississippi; North Carolina; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia.

Type Locality:

North Carolina, on Elephantopus tomentosus L. 72

Exsiccati:

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi 1483; Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 1880 a. Barth. Fungi Columb. 2815, 4518, 4616, 4809; Barth. N. Am. Ured. 3, 906, 907, 1105, 1606, 2007, 2108, 2201, 2303, 2304, 2503, 2707, 2804, 3005; Rab.-Wint. Fungi Eur. 3315 a; Sydow, Ured. 2391; Thum* Myc. Univ. 953.

Distribution on Elephatopus mollis H. B. K.:

Corral-Viejo, road to Adjuntas, Ponce, P. R. Chardon ---- Aug. 16, 1916.

Demonstration Farm, Guaynabo, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 25, 1924.

Espinosa, Vega Alta, P. R. --- W. A. McCubbin ----March 4 , 1938.

Finca Maria. Yauco-Lares road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 16, 1924.

Finca Maria. Yauco-Lares road, P. R . H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, &R.A. Toro June 18, 1924.

Finca Maria. Yauco-Lares road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 19, 1924.

Hacienda Pulguillas, Coamo, P. R. Chardon Aug. 24, 1920.

Humacao Playa, P.R .-—H. H. Whetzel, F„ D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 2, 1924.

La Jagua, Mayaguez, P. R. ---Whetzel & Olive-----Mar. 1-6, 1916.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Caeoma jpomoeae Link.

Coleosporium guaraniticum Speg.

Peridermium ipomoeae Hedge. & Hunt

Uredo ipomoeae Schw. 73

0 . Pycnia amphigenous, scattered or arranged in rows, on light- or yellow-green spots, dark-olivaceous, 0.1-0.35 mm broad by 0.3-0.65 mm long. ———

1. Aecia hypophyllous, usually in single rows, flattened laterally,

0.9-2.3 mm long by 0.3-0.6 mm high; peridial cells elliptic or rhomboid in face view, mostly overlapping, 16-26 x 18-47 u, with walls 2-5 u thick, the outer wall smooth, the inner wall closely and finely verrucose; aeciospores ovoid or ellipsoid, 16-20 x 22-27 u; wall colorless, verru­ cose with somewhat deciduous tubercles 1*»2 u in diameter and 1-2 u high.

On PINACEAE:

Pinus caribaea Morelet (Pinus elliotii Engelm.. Pinus heterophvlla Svdw.). Florida.

Pinus chihuahuana Engelm.. Arizona.

Pinus echlnata Mill. (Pinus mitis Michx.), Alabama; Arkansas; Georgia; Missouri; North Carolina; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia.

Pinus palustris Mill. (Pinus australis Michx.), Florida; Georgia; South Carolina.

Pinus rigida M ill., Georgia; Maryland; Pennsylvania.

Pinus serotina Michx.. Florida; South Carolina.

Pinus taeda L ., Alabama; Arkansas; District of Columbia; Florida; Georgia; North Carolina; South Carolina; Virginia.

II. Uredia hypophyllous, widely scattered, or somewhat clustered,

0.25-1 mm across, early naked, orange-yellow fading to white, ruptured epidermis usually inconspicuous; urediospores ellipsoid, 14.96 x 20.75 u

(average of 3 specimens examined), more or less angular and irregular; 74 wall thin, 1-1.5 u, closely and noticeably verrucose. (See Figs. 16,

17, & 18).

III. Telia hypophyllous, widely scattered, often confluent, pulvinate,

0.5 mm or less across, deep reddish-range fading to pale-yellow; teliospores with wall swelling 20-40 u above; contents orange-yellow fading to colorless, oblong, or slightly clavate, 19-23 x 60-80 u, rounded or obtuse at both ends.

On CONVOLVUIACEAE:

Calonvction aculeatum (L.) House (Ipomoea bona-nox L.), Alabama; South Carolina; TexasT~ '- x

Convolvulus sepium L ., Alabama; District of Columbia; Georgia; Virginia.

Ipomoea anqustifolia Jacq., Puerto Rico.

Ipomoea barbiqera Sims (Pharbitis barbitera G. Don), Mississippi; Tennessee.

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Puerto Rico; Mexico; Mississippi.

Ipomoea cathartica Poir. (Pharbitis cathartica (Poir.) Choisy) Florida; Jamaica.

Ipomoea diqitata L ., Mississippi.

Ipomoea dubia Hemsl., Oaxaca.

Ipomoea fistulosa M art., El Salvador.

Ipomoea qlabriuscula House. Guatemala.

Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. (Pharbitis hederacea (L.) Choisy, Ipomoea nil Pursh), Puerto Rico; Alabama; Arkansas; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Guatemala; Illinois; Jalisco; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland; Mississippi; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia. Ipomoea hirsutula Taca. f. (Ipomoea mexicanaA. Gray) Guanajuato.

Ipomoea lacunosa L .. Alabama; Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Louisiana; Mississippi; North Carolina; Tennessee.

Ipomoea laeta A. Gray, Mexico.

Ipomoea littoralis Blume . (Probably a misdetermination for Ipomoea stolonifera (Cyrill.) Poir.), Puerto Rico.

Ipomoea macrocalvx (R. & P.) Choisy, Guatemala.

Ipomoea microsepala Benth. (Ipomoea nelsoni Rose), Jalisco.

Ipomoea muricata R. & S ., Guatemala.

Ipomoea mutabilis Lindl.. Cuba.

Ipomoea pandurata (L.) Meyer, Alabama; Delaware, Illinois; Indiana; Kansas; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Ohio; South Carolina; Virginia; West Virginia.

Ipomoea petri Donn. -Smith (Ipomoea sericophvlla Peter), Guatem ala.

Ipomoea purga Havne. Costa Rica.

Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth (Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt), Alabama; Arkansas; Delaware; Illinois; Louisiana; Mississippi Missouri; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Texas.

Ipomoea quamoclit L. (Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton, Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy). Mississippi.

Ipomoea rubra (Vahl) Millsp., Puerto Rico.

Ipomoea speciosa Walt. (Ipomoea sagittata Cay.), Florida;

Ipomoea stolonifera (Cvrill) Poir., Puerto Rico; Cuba.

Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy (Ipomoea fastigiata Sweet). Puerto Rico.

Ipomoea trichocarpa Ell. (Ipomoea Carolina Pursh). Florida; Tennessee; Texas. 76

Ipomoea triloba 1 .. North Carolina.

Ipomoea tvrianthina Lindl., Guatemala.

Tacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb (Thyella tamnifolia (L.) Raf.), Louisiana.

Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench, Puerto Rico; Illinois; Jalisco; Saint Groix; South Carolina; Tennessee.

Rivea speciosa Sweet. Cuba.

Type Locality:

North C arolina, on Ipomoea triloba L.

Exsiccati:

Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 3 2 4 7 ; Seym. * Earle, Econ. Fungi 333, 335, 338 a , 3 3 8 b; Sydow., Ured. 1335, 1440, 1994; Rab.-Wint. Fungi Eur. 3 3 1 0 ; Ellis 6c Ev. Fungi Columb. 6 5 6 , 2 0 1 1 , Barth. Fungi Columb. 2816, 2817, 2919, 3010, 4214, 4519, 4617, 4810; BartJuN. Am. Ured. 304, 708, 908, 1107, 1305, 1403, 2009, 2110, 2306, 2307, 2405, 2505, 2506, 2709, 2805, 2806, 2906, 3006, 3007; Rav. FungiAm. 488; Rav. Fungi Car. 4:99.

Distribution:

On Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.: o

ElYunque, P. R.— Whetzel 6c Olive— Apr. 14, 1916.

Mountains Fajardo, P.R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, • 6c-R. A. Toro July 1, 1924.

On Ipomoea rubra (Vahl.) M illsp.:

ElYunque, P. R. Whetzel 6c Olive Apr. 14, 1916.

On Tacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. (Thyella tamnifolia (L.)Raf.).:

Cane field north, Anasco, P.R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Mar. 28, 1916. 77

Desmella superficialis (Speq.) Svdow.

Caeoma superficialis Speq.

Desmella gymnoqrammes Svdow.

Uredo blechnicola P. Henn.

Uredo gymnogrammes P. Henn.

Uredo nephrolepidis Dietel.

Uredo superficialis De-Toni.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia hypophyllous, scattered, round, minute, 0.1-0.3 mm in diameter, pulverulent, yellow fading to white, ruptured epidermis in­ conspicuous, usually protruding through the stomata in tufts for about one-half length of pedicels, appearing superficial; urediospores globoid or somewhat obovoid, 23.89 x 23.89 u (one specimen examined); wall very pale-yellow, 1-2.5 u thick, sparsely and evenly echinulate, the pores obscure, probably 4 and equatorial. (See Fig. 19).

III. Telia unknown.

©n POLYPODIACEAE:

Adiantum cristatum L ., Puerto Rico.

Adiantum latifolium Lam., Puerto Rico.

Dennstaedtia rubiginosa (Kaulf.) Moore, Puerto Rico.

Dryopteris dentata (Forsk.) C. Chr. (Dryopteris mollis Hieron.), Puerto Rico.

Dryopteris l’herminieri (Kunze) C. Chr., Grenada. 78

Dryopteris patens (Sw.) Kuntze, Jamaica.

Dryopteris poiteana (Bory) Urban, Puerto Rico.

Dryopteris subtetragona (Link) Maxon (Dryopteris tetragona Urban), Puerto Rico.

Goniopteris guadalupensis Fee (Error for Dryopteris subtetragona (Link) Maxon).

Pitvrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link (Gymnogramma calomelanos Kaulf.), Puerto Rico; Cuba.

Tectaria martinicensis (Spreng.) Copeland. Puerto Ricb.

On SCHIZAEACEAE:

Aneimia hirsuta (L.) Sw., Jamaica.

Type Locality:

Near Mbatobi, Paragua, on Blechnum sp.

Distribution on Adiantum cristatum L. :

Road #105, P.R. Km. 1, Hm. 4, Barrio Juan Alonso, P.R. ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 29, 1959.

Endophyllum circumscriptum (Schw.) Whetzel & Olive

Aecidium circumscriptum Schw.

Aecidium cissi Wint.

Aecidium guttatum Kunze

Endophyllum guttatum Sydow

O. Pycnia epiphyllous, few, scarcely noticeable, punctiform, in section

80-85 u broad.

III. Telia chiefly hypophyllous, crowded on orbicular spots that are sometimes hypertrophied, soon dehiscent, pulverulent, small, 0.1-0.2 mm 79 in diameter; peridium cupulate, the margin recurved/ lacerate; peridial cells ellipsoid or oblong, 16-18 by 20-26 u, readily falling apart, the wall thin, 1 u or less, the outer wall smooth, the inner wall noticeably rugose; telibspores globoid or broadly ellipsoid, small, 13.90 x 16.92 u

(average of 25 specimens examined); wall colorless, thin, 1 u or less, finely and closely verrucose. (See Fig. 20).

On VITACEAE:

Cissus sicvoides L. (Marine-ivy, climbing shrub of tropical A m erica.).

Type Locality:

Surinam, on "some unknown plant," now determined as Cissus sicvoides L.

Exsiccati:

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 1602.

Distribution:

Anasco, P.R. F. L. Stevens & W. E. Hess Oct. 12, 1913.

Central Alianza, P.R. J. A. Stevenson Jan. 3, 1917.

Espinosa Grove, Vega Alta, P.R . ---- W . A. McCubbin ---- June 28, 1938.

Finca Maria, Yauco-Lares road, P.R.— -H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 18, 1924.

Georgetti Finca near Barceloneta, P.R. W. A. McCubbin— Jan. 21, 1936.

Limestone quarry Km. 9.5, Rd. 18, P.R. G. A. Pfaffman— Dec. 6, 1938.

Mayaguez, along River, P.R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 4, 6, 9, 1916. 80

Mayaguez Exp. Sta. Grounds, P. R. Whetzel & Olive-— Mar. 20, 1916.

Mayaguez, P.R. F. J. Seaver & C. E. Chardon Jan. 24 to April 5, 1923.

Mayaguez, south along railroad, P. R. Whetzel & Olive— Mar. 20, 26, 1916.

Mountains, Fajardo, P.R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 1, 1924.

Ponce, P.R. F. J. Seaver 6c C. E. Chardon Jan. 24, to April 5, 1923.

Pueblo Viejo, P.R.—-J. A. Stevenson March 10, 1916.

Rio Piedras, P.R. J. R. Johnston May 13, 1912.

Rio Prieto, Yauco-Lares road H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, 6c R. A. Toro June 20, 1924.

San German, P. R. F. L. Stevens ---- Jan. 19, 1913.

Also reported from: Brifesh Guiana; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; El Salvador; Guatemala; Jamaica; Panama; Saint Kitts; Saint Thomas; Surinam; Trinidad; Venezuela.

Endophyllum decoloratum (Schw.) Whetzel 6c Olive

Aecidium clibadii Sydow

Aecidium decoloratum Schw.

Aecidium pumilio Kunze

Aecidium wedeliae Whetzel 6c Olive

Endophyllum pumilio Sydow

Endophyllum wedeliae Whetzel

O. Pycnia unknown, probably not formed. 81

III. Telia hypophyllous, in crowded orbicular groups 2-4 mm across, on larger discolored areas, soon dehiscent, pulverulent, small, 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter; peridium colorless, cupulate, the margin erect or re­ curved, lacerate, evanescent; peridial cells globoid or oblong in face view, rhombic-ellipsoid or obovate in section, 15-22 x 20-32 u, the outer wall 3-7 u thick, smooth, the inner wall thinner, 2-6 u, finely verrucose; teliospores globoid or broadly ellipsoid, 14.30 x 19.37 u

(average of 4 specimens examined); wall colorless, thin, about 1 u, closely and inconspicuously verrucose. (See Figs. 21 & 22).

On CARDUACEAE:

Clibadium arboreum J. D. Smith, Oaxaca.

Clibadium donnell-smithii Coultt., Guatemala.

Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC., Puerto Rico.

Clibadium surinamense.L. (Clibadium asperum DC.. Baillieria aspera Aubl.). Panama; Surinam.

Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. fWedelia carnosa Rich., Stemmodontia trilobata Small), Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Honduras; Jamaica; Panama; Trinidad.

Type Locality:

Surinam, doubtfully on "Urticaceae" or "Ballieria aspera,” now determined as Clibadium surinamense L.

Exsiccati:

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 1605.

Distribution:

On Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC.:

ElYunque, slope of H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- April 15, 1916. 82

On Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.

Anasco, P. R. - H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 7, 1924.

Arecibo, P. R. ------H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 21, 1924.

ex Puerto Rico intercepted at San Juan, P. R. ---- A. A. Ayson Dec. 1, 1957.

ex Puerto Rico intercepted at San Juan, P. R. ---- Pablo Ortiz Feb. 10, 1957.

Fort Buchanan, P. R. Noel Nov. 30, 1950.

Mayaguez, P. R. F. J. Seaver & C. E. Chardon ---- Jan. 24, to April 5, 1923.

Mayaguez, P. R. F. L. Stevens Jan. 14, 1914.

Phakopsora iatrophicola (Arth.) Cummins

Uredo i atrophicola Arth.

II. Uredia mostly hypophyllous, crowded or confluent on slightly dis­ colored spots or evenly scattered, bullate-conic, small, 0.1-0.3 mm in diameter, long covered by the overarching epidermis, opening by a central pore that gradually enlarges; peridium paraphysoid, the para- physes clavate or capitate with the slender stalks firmly united into an enveloping wall imbricately projecting into the cavity of the sorus, 9-12 u broad, the wall about 1 u thick and colorless below, 3-7 u, and colorless or tinted above, smooth; urediospores ellipsoid or obovoid-ellipsoid,

17.08 x 24.66 u (average of 6 specimens examined); wall very pale- yellow or colorless, thin, 1-155 u, moderately and rather finely echinulate, the pores obscure. (See Figs. 23, 24 & 25). 83

III. Teliospores apparently not reported before were found on Tatropha gossypifolia L. (See Fig. 26).

On EUPHORBIACEAE:

Tatropha anqustifolia Griseb. (Adenoropium anqustifolium (Griseb.) Arth.), Cuba.

Tatropha curcas L. (Curcas curcas (L.) Britton & MLELsp.), Puerto Rico; Barbados; Cuba; Dominican Republic.

Tatropha gossvpiifolia L. (Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl), Puerto Rico; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Saint Croix.

Type Locality:

Hormigueros. Puerto Rico, on Tatropha curcas L.

Distribution:

On Tatropha curcas L.:

Along river north of Penuelas, P.R. C. E. Chardon ---- July 28, 1920.

Hormigueros, P. R . (Type locality).

Pastillo Arriba, Ponce C. E. Chardon— Aug. 9, 1920.

Road #4, Km. 12, Hm. 5 (by the ocean) L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Oct. 20, 1959.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 18, 1924.

On Tatropha gossypifolia L.

Anasco, P.R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro — July 7, 1924.

East along railroad, Yauco, P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Mar. 31, 1916.

Ensenada Honda near Fajardo, P.R . H. H. Whetzel, F. . DiKern, & R. A. Toro June 30, 1924. Humacao Playa, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 1, 1924.

Near lagoon, Rio Piedras, P.R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Apr. 10, 1916.

Quebradillas, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 21, 1924.

Road #317, Mayaguez to Monte Grande (low land), P. R. L. A. Rouire & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959.

Tanama River, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Apr. 7, 1916.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 17, 1924.

Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) Lagh.

Aecidium compositarum ambrosiae Burrill: De-Toni

Aecidium compositarum xanthii Burrill; De-Toni

Aecidium compositarum xanthii Ellis

Dicaeoma canaliculatum (Schw*) Kuntze

Dicaeoma niqrovelata Kuntze

Dothidea canaliculata Berk.

Phyllachora canaliculata Sacc.

Puccinia canaliculata Lagerh.

Puccinia cellulosa Berk. & Curt.

Puccinia nigrovelata Ellis & Tracy

Sphaeria canaliculata Schw.

O. Pycnia amphigenous, gregarious, in small compact groups, honey- yellow becoming brownish, inconspicuous, globoid, 112-128 u in diameter; ostiolar filaments up to 35 u or more long. 85

I. Aecia chiefly hypophyllous, in orbicular or elongate groups 2-5 mm or more across, on larger discolored spots or on swollen areas on the stems, cupulate, low, 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter; peridium delicate, the margin finely eroded and slightly recurved; peridial cells rhomboidal,

23-29 u long, slightly overlapping, the outer wall thick, 5-8 u, striate, the inner wall thinner, 2-4 u, verrucose; aeciospores globoid, often angular, 13-16 x 15-19 u; wall thin, 1 u or less, finely verrucose.

On AMBROSIACEAE:

Ambrosia trifida L ., Indiana; Missouri.

Xanthium sp., Arkansas; Delaware; Indiana; Iowa; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania.

II. Uredia chiefly hypophyllous, scattered, oblong, 0.5-2 mm long, tardily dehiscent by longitudinal slits, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, somewhat pulverulent, cinnamon-brown; urediospores broadly ellipsoid or bbovoid, 14.48 x 19.55 u (1 specimen examined); wall yellowish or cinnamon-brown, 1-2 u thick, moderately and finely echinulate, the pores 2, equatorial. (See Fig. 27).

III. Telia chiefly hypophyllous, scattered or more often confluent in groups 1-3 mm or more long, individual sori linear, o .l mm or less in width and surrounded by well developed brownish stroma, blackish or grayish-black, long covered by the epidermis, not or only slightly raised above the leaf surface; teliospores clavate-oblong, 15-21 x 39-64 u, acuminate, obtuse or rounded above, narrowed below, slightly or not constricted at septum; wall dark cinnamon-brown, lighter toward base, 86 about 1 u thick, much thicker above, 3-10 u; pedicel short, tinted.

On CYPERACEAE:

Cyperus spp., Colorado; Guatemala; North Carolina; Oaxaca.

Cyperus articulatus L ., Puerto Rico.

Cyperus cvlindricus (Ell.) Britton (Cyperus torreyi Britton), Delaware.

Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl., Missouri.

Cyperus esculentus L ., California; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Indiana; Kansas; Maryland; Mexico (state); Michigan; Negraska; New Jersey; New Mexico; Oklahoma; T exas.

Cyperus fendlerlanus Bock.. New Mexico.

Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich., Puerto Rico; Cuba.

Cyperus giganteus Vahl, Puerto Rico.

Cyperus hallii Britton. Missouri.

Cyperus houqhtonii Torr.. Nebraska; Wisconsin.

Cyperus mutisii (H. B. K.) Griseb., Jamaica.

Cyperus reticulatus L ., Puerto Rico. (An error in determina­ tion as this species is not recorded for Puerto Rico).

Cyperus rotundus L., Florida; Kansas.

Cyperus seslerioides H. B. K., Mexico (state).

Cyperus speciosus Vahl, Indiana; Kansas.

Cyperus strigosus L .. Alabama; Arkansas; Delaware; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Louisiana; Michigan; Mississippi; Nebraska; New York; Ontario (Canada); Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin.

Cyperus surinamensis Rottb., Cuba; Texas.

Cyperus thgrsiflorus Tungh. (?), Mexico (state). 87

Type Locality:

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, on Cyperus s p .

Exsiccati:

Barth. Fungi Columb. 2449, 2758, 4260; Barth. N. Am. Ured. 136, 137, 233, 337, 839, 1038, 1430, 1637; Carleton, Ured. Am. 10; E llis, N . Am. Fungi 1 0 1 8 b; Ellis & Ev. Fungi Columb. 552, 983, 1760, 2144, 2146; Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 3143, 3352; Seym. 6c Earle, Econ. Fungi 393.

Distribution on Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich.:

Road #2, Km. 182, Hm. 7, Barrio Algarrobo, P. R. L. A. Roure Aug. 31, 1959.

Swamp nearArecibo, P,.R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, 6: R. A. Toro June 21, 1924.

Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn.

Dicaeoma (?) cannae (Wint.) Arthur

Dicaeoma persicariae Gray

Puccinia thaliae Dietel

Uredo cannae Wint.

O and I. Pycnia and aeCia unknown.

II. Uredia chiefly hypophyllous, few to many, scattered, rounded or ob­ long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide by 0.3-1 mm long, located under the second layer of surface cells, sometimes with weakly developed stroma, tardily naked, pulverulent, pale-golden, ruptured epidermis evident; urediospores ellipsoid or obovoid, often angular and irregular, 21.81 x 31.42 u

(average of 3 specimens examined); wall nearly hyaline, 1-2 u thick, moderately or rather sparsely echinulate, the pores usually obscure, 88 sometimes showing as 2 , approximately equatorial. (See Figs. 2 8 & 2 9 ) .

III. Telia chiefly hypophyllous, few to many, scattered or sometimes surrounding the uredia, irregularly circular or oblong, small, 0 . 2 - 0 . 5 mm across, situated below the second layer of host-cells, tardily naked, blackish, overlying epidermis transparent and inconspicuous; telio- spores oblong-clavate or cylindric, rounded or truncate above, not Or only slightly constricted at septum, 1 3 - 2 3 u wide by 3 9 t 78 u long; wall cinnamon-brown, often appearing paler below, 1 u thick, thickened at apex, 2 - 7 u, smooth; pedicel short, light cinnamon-brown, up to 2 0 u long.

On MARANTACEAE:

Calathea lute a (Aubl.) G. Meyer, Puerto Rico; Cuba.

Thalia geniculata L ., Puerto Rico.

On CANNACEAE:

Canna sp., Brazil; British Honduras; Dominican Republic; Jamaica; Panama; Trinidad.

Canna coccinea Ait. (Canna portoricensis Bouche), Puerto Rico; Jamaica.

Canna edulis Ker.-Gawl.. Puerto Rico; Florida; Panama.

Canna flaccida Salisb., Florida.

Canna glauca L .. Puerto Rico; Florida; Panama.

Canna indica L .. Cuba; Guatemala.

Type Locality:

San Francisco, Santa Catharina, Brazil, on Canna sp. 89

Exsiccati:

Barth. Fungi Columb. 2387; Barth. N. Am. Ured. 1638; Kellerm. Fungi Sel. Guat. 3; Sydow, Ured. 2114.

Distribution on Canna coccinea Ait.

Km. B, Hm. 9, Leguisamo, Mayaguez, P. R. (mountainous- rainy) L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 22, 1959.

Maricao, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 16, 1916.

Mountains Fajardo, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 1, 1924.

Puccinia cenchri Diet. & Holw.

Dicaeoma cenchri (Dietel & Holway)Arth.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, or epiphyllous only, scattered, elliptic, small, about 0.5 mm long, tardily naked, chestnut-brown, somewhat pulverulent, ruptured epidermis apparent; urediospores irregularly ellipsoid-or oblong,

26.99 x 34.85 u (average of 18 specimens examined); wall cinnamon- to light chestnut brown, moderately thick, 2-3 u, rather prominently and sparsely echinulate, the pores usually 2, often 3, equatorial, prominent.

(See Figs. 30, 31 & 32).

III. Telia hypophyllous, scattered, narrowly oblong or linear, small,

0.5-1 mm long, blackish-brown, long covered by the epidermis; telio- spores oblong, cylindric, or clavate, 18-27 x 40-58 u, truncate, rounded or obtuse above, narrowed below, moderately or not constricted at septum; wall smooth, cinnamon- or dark chestnut-brown, about 1.5 u thick, moderately thickened at apex, 6-9 u; pedicel very short, tinted. 90

On POACEAE:

Cenchrus echinatus L ., Mona Island (Puerto Rico); Vieques (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Barbados; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Florida; Guatemala; Hawaii; Jamaica; Mexico; Oklahoma; Sant Croix; Texas; Trinidad; Venezuela.

Cehchrus multiflorus Presl. (Pennisetum multiflorum (Presl.) Fourn.), Guadalajara; Jalisco.

Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. (Cenchrus carolinianus recent authors not W alt.), Puerto Rico; Oklahoma; Texas.

Cenchrus viridis Spreng., Puerto Rico; Cuba; Guatemala; Jamaica; Panama.

Type Locality:

Guadalajara, Mexico, on Cenchrus multiflorus Presl.

Exsiccati:

Arth. & Holway, Exs. Ured. 1 c. 41 a.

Distribution on Cenchrus echinatus L.:

Barceloneta, near Langley's, P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- April 6, 1916.

Boqueron, P. R. Whetzel & Olive March 11, 1916.

Campo Alegre, P. R. ----Whetzel— April 21, 1916.

Joyuda Beach, Cabo Rojo, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado--- Oct. 10, 1959.

Mayaguez, road to Guanajibo, P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- March 3, 1916.

Middleton Grove, Manati, P. R. W. A. McCubbin ---- Jan. 25 , 1938.

Punta Arenas, Mayaguez, P. R. C. E. Chardon Sept. 5, 1943.

Road near Quebradillas, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 21, 1924. 91

San German, P. R. Whetzel & Olive April 1, 1916.

Tanama river valley, P. R. Whetzel & Olive April 7, 1916. (#432).

Tanama river valley, P. R. Whetzel & Olive— April 7, 1916. (#436).

Yauco, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 31, 1916.

Mona Island, P. R. F. L. Stevens-—Feb. 1, 1915.

Trail to Gueva del Gato, Mona Island, P. R. C. E. Chardon & J. I* Otero July 20, 1944.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern,& R. A. Toro— July 17, 1924. (#2118).

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 18, 1924. (#2119).

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 18, 1924. (#2123).

Puccinia chrysanthemi (Roze) Arth.

Bullaria (?) chrysanthemi (Roze) Arth.

Dicaeoma chrysanthemi Arth.

Puccinia chrvsanthemi-chinensis P. Henn.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia hypophyllous, scattered, round, often confluent, early naked, large, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, pulverulent, chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis usually noticeable; urediospores globoid or broadly ellipsoid,

21.32 x 24.16 u (1 specimen examined), sometimes 2-celled; wall cinnamon- or chestnut-brown, 1.5-2 u thick, closely and moderately echinulate, the pores 3, approximately equatorial. (See Fig. 33). 92

III. Telia hypophyllous, scattered, roundish, 0.3-0.8 mm across, early naked, pulvinate, dark chocolate-brown, ruptured epidermis noticeable; teliospores elliptic or obovate-ellipsoid, 18-28 x 34-57

0, rounded or obtuse at both ends, slightly or not constricted at septum; wall chestnut-brown, 1-2 u thick, thicker above, 5-10 u, finely and

moderately verrucose; pedicel colorless, once to twice length of spore.

Teliospore known only from northern Japan.

On CARDUACEAE:

Chrysanthemum frutescens L. , Puerto Rico (New host).

Chrysanthemum indicum (probably identical with Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.), France.

Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. (Chrysanthemum slnense S&ine), Alabama; Australia; California; Delaware; Dominican Republic; Indiana; Japan; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Montana; New Jersey; New Zealand; Ontario; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; West Virginia.

Type Locality;

France, on "Chrysanthemum indicum, " probably identical with Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.

Exsiccati;

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 1431, 1693; Ellis & Ev. Fungi Columb. 1956, 2052; Rel. FariL. 246.

Distribution on Chrysanthemum frutescens L.

Punta Arenas Beach, Cabo Rojo, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Oct. 10, 1959.

Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Jackson

Dicaeoma (?) dichromenae Arth. Uredo dichromenae Arth. O and I. Pycnia and Aecia unknown.

II. Uredia hypophyllous, scattered, oblong, 0.2-0.5 mm long, covered by the overarching epidermis; paraphyses none; urediospores elliptic or broadly obovate, 20.20 x 25.10 u (average of 10 specimens examined); wall light-yellow, moderately thick, l„5-2 u, sharply and sparsely echinulate, the pores obscure, probably 3 or 4, equatorial. (See

Figs. 34, 35, & 36).

III. Telia unknown.

On CYPERACEAE:

Dichromena sp., Puerto Rico.

Dichromena ciliata Vahl, Puerto Rico; Colombia; Dominican Republic.

Dichromena radicans Cham. & Schlecht., Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Jamaica.

Type Locality:

Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, on Dichromena radicans Cham. & Schl.

Distribution:

On Dichromena sp.:

Sierra de Naguabo, P. R. Olive & Stevenson ---- April 19, 1916.

On Dichromena ciliata Vahl.:

Naguabo, slope of El Duque, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— April 19, 1916.

Near Demonstration Farm, Guaynabo, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 13, 1924. Maricao, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 8, 1924.

Rio Piedras, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- April 22, 1916.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Mar. 4, 1916.

On Dichromena radicans Cham. & Schl.:

Anasco, gorge to north, P .R . H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive March 28, 1916.

Bandera, P. R. F. L. Steven$88-July, 1915.

El Yunque, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- April 12, 1916.

Maricao, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E . W. Olive ---- March 23, 1916.

Mayaguez, "La Jagua" H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive March 8, 1916.

Mayaguez, P. R. (Type locality).

Naguabo, slopes of El Duque, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— April 19, 1916.

Puccinia heliconiae (Diet.) Arth.

Uredo heliconiae Dietel

O and I. Pycnia and aeeia unknown.

II. Uredia hypophyllous, numerous closely grouped or confluent, some­ times circinating on brown discolored spots, roundish, small 0.2-0.5 mm across, rather early naked, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epiderjnis noticeable; urediospores broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, 21.00 x

29.00 u (one specimen examined), wall cinnamon-brown, rather thick,

1.5-3 u, moderately and noticeably echinulate, the pores obscure, 95

probably 2, equatorial. (See Fig. 37).

III. Telia hypophyllous, scattered, soon naked, round, 0.3-0.5 mm

across, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis evident; teliospores

elongate-clavate, 19.89 x 71.05 u (one specimen examined), rounded

above, not or slightly constricted at septum; wall pale cinnamon- brown, thin, 18, much thickened above, 9-13 u, smooth; pedicel short,

colorless. (See Fig. 38).

On MUSACEAE:

Bihai borinquena (Blhai bihai (L.jDGriggs), Puerto Rico; Martinique; Trinidad.

Bihai latispatha (Benth.) Griggs (Heliconia latispatha Benth.), Panama.

Heliconia spp., Puerto Rico; Brazil.

Type Locality:

Rio de Janeito, Brazil, on Heliconia sp.

Distribution:

On Bihai borinquena Grigg s:

El Yunque, P. R.— H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— April 12, 1916.

Maricao, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 6, 1924.

Mountains Yabucoa, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F„ D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 2, 1924.

On Heliconia spp.:

Puerto Nuevo, San Juan, P. R .-—L. A. Roure ---- Sept. 20, 1959. 96

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Caeomurus malvacearum Kuntze

Caeomurus malvicola Kuntze

Caeomurus pictus Kuntze

Caeomurus sidae Kuntze

Dasvspora heterospora Arth.

Dicaeoma pulcherrimum Kuntze

Dicaeoma thwaitesii Kuntze

Micropuccinia heterospora (Berk. & Curt.) Arth. & Jackson

Puccinia heterospora pulcherrima Lagerh.

Puccinia thwaitesii Wint.

Telospora pavoniae Arth.

Uredo anodae Lev.

Uromvces malvacearum Speg.

Uromyces malvicola Speg.

Uromyces pavoniae Arth.

Uromyces pictus Thum.

Uromyces pulcherrimus Berk. & Curt.

Uromyces sidae Thum.

Uromyces thwaitesii Berk. & Br.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia unknown.

III. Telia chiefly hypophyllous, small, 0.2-0.5 mm across, scattered, or more commonly gregarious, and occasionally confluent in more or less 97 circular groups of few to many sori on yellowish spots reaching 1.5 cm in diameter, early naked, firm, pulvinate, blackish-brown, central sori occasionally cinereous from germination, ruptured epidermis not con­ spicuous; teliospores with septum few, or entirely wanting in some collections, ellipsoid or globoid, 20.63 x 28.60 u (average of 2 speci­ mens examined), rounded above and belovr, not constricted at septum,- which is often oblique; wall chestnut-brown, 2-2.5 u thick, thickened at apex or opposite pedicel 5-7 u, smooth; pedicel colorless, firm, once to twice length of spore, often attached laterally, frequently at septum; (See Figs. 39 & 37), megospores numerous, in most specimens examined predominating to the exclusion of two-celled teliospores, globoid or obovoid, 17.70 x 22.19 u (average of 33 specimens ex­ amined), rounded above, rounded or narrowed below, the wall 1.5-3 u thick, thickened above, 5-7 u, chestnut-brown, smooth, the pedicel colorless, firm, two to five times length of spore. (See Figs. 40, 41,

42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48 & 49).

On MALVACEAE:

Abutilon sp., Morelos.

Abutilon abutiloides (Tacq.) Garcke (Abutilon jacquinii G. Don, Abutilon lignosum Rich.). Cuba, Mexico).

Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. (Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusbv. Abutilon thephrasti M edic.). District of Columbia; Kansas; Missouri; Nebraska.

Abutilon berlandieri A. Gray, Mexico.

Abutilon calderoni Standi., El Salvador. Abutilon discissum (Bertero) Schlecht., Guatemala.

Abutilon hemsleyanum Rose (Abutilon sidoides Hemsl.), Mexico.

Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet, Puerto Rico; Cuba; Jamaica; Mexico; Saint Croix.

Abutilon holosericeum Scheele, Texas.

Abutilon holwavi Rose. Mexico.

Abutilon incanum (Link) Sw eet, Arizona; Mexico; Texas.

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, Puerto Rico; Barbados; Cuba; Jam aica.

Abutilon parvulum A. Gray, Arizona.

Abutilon pauciflorum St.-H il., Jamaica.

Abutilon permolle (Wllld.) Sweet, Cuba.

Abutilon texense Tfa t t G .. Texas.

Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet, Puerto Rico.

Althea rosea Cav., Kansas.

Anoda acerifolia Zucc., Mexico.

Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht., El Salvador.

Anoda hastata Cav., Cuba; Mexico.

Anoda incarnata H. B. K. (Perlptera periptera (Sims) Rose), M exico.

Anoda lavateroides M edic., Mexico.

Bastardla viscosa (L.) H. B. K. (Sida foetida Cav.). Dominican Republic.

Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet, Cuba, Dominican Republic.

Gayoides crispum (L.) Small (Abutilon crispum Sweet). Arizona; Bahamas; Florida. Gavoides imberbe (Griseb.) Small (Abutilon imberbe G. Don), Florida.

Malache scabra B. Vogel (Pavonia racemosa Sw . Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Panama.

Malva svlvestris L .. Kansas .

Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (Malvastrum americanum Torr.. Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray), Texas.

Malvaviscus arboreus Cav., Costa Rica; El Salvador^ Guatemala; Honduras.

Malvaviscus palmanus Pitt. & Donn. Sm., Costa Rica.

Sida s p . . M exico.

Sida angustifolia Lam.. El Salvador.

Sida aucta Burm.. Haiti

Sida cordifolia L ., Puerto Rico; Guatemala.

Sida glutinosa Commerson. Puerto Rico; Cuba; Jamaica.

Sida hastata St.-H il.. Teslas.

Sida hederaefolia C av.. Puerto Rico.

Sida holwavi Baker & Rose, Mexico.

Sida humilis C av., Puerto Rico; Saint Thomas.

Sida phvsocalvx A. Gray, Arizona; Texas.

Sida procumbens Sw.. Mona Island (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico; Cuba.

Sida salviaefolia Presl.. Mexico.

Sida spinosa L .. Puerto Rico; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Louisiana; M ississippi.

Sida supina L*Her, Puerto Rico; Saint Thomas. 100

Sida texana (T. & G.) Small (Sida elliottii Texana T. & G., Sida lindheimeri Enaelm. & Bray), Texas.

Sida urens L ., Puerto Rico; Brazil; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Jamaica; Nysaland; Peru.

Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. E. Fries, Puerto Rico; Texas.

Wissadula fadvenii R. E. Fries, Jamaica.

Wissadula periplocifolia fL.) Thwaites (Abutilon periplocifolium G. Don), Puerto Rico; Cuba; Jamaica; Saint Croix; Texas.

Wissadula to strata (Scum. & Thonn) Planch., Mexico.

Type Locality:

Cuba, on "leaves apparently of some inalvaceous plant."

Exsiccati:

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 39, 148, 240, 345, 1157, 1158, 1655, 2447; Barth. Fungi Columb. 2358, 2453, 2454, 4667; Carleton, Ured. Am. 48; Ellis S Ev. Fungi Columb. 550, 1455; Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 2413; Kellerm. Fungi Sel. Guat. 6; Pringle, Mex. Fungi 1, 2; Seym, 7 Earle, Econ. Fungi 269, 269 a; Sydow, Ured. 367, 428, 2029, 2067. Barth. N. Am. Ured. 2851.

Distribution:

On Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet:

Cabo Rojo Lighthouse (low land-dry), P.R. ----L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Oct. 10, 1959.

Ciales road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro-—July 20, 1924.

On Sida glomerata Cav. (New host).:

Road #413 Punta Rincon, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Nov. 14, 1959.

On Sida hederaefolia Cav.: 101

Guanica, P. R.— Whetzel & Olive Mar. 30, 1916.

Mayaguez, in yard, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 13, 1916.

Mayaguez, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 13, 1916.

On Sida humilis Cav.:

Martin Pena, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Jan0 18, 1916.

Pastillo arriba, Ponce, P. R. C. E. Chardon Aug. 9, 1920.

Yauco, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 30 1916.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 17, 1924.

On Sida procumbens Sw.:

Guanida, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Mar. 30, 1916.

Hormigueros (mountainous-rainy), P. R. J. O. Bado ---- Aug. 30, 1959.

On Sida lirena L .;

Anasco, on hilltops to north, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 28, 1916.

Arecibo (near to), P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 22, 1924.

Barceloneta, Langley's Place, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 6, 1916.

Barrio Sabalos, Mayaguez, (low land-rainy), P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Oct. 23, 1959.

Cialitos (near to), P. R. N. L. Britton & E. G. Britton- Feb. 27, 1927.

El Gigante, P. R. F. L. Stevens Dec. 15, 1915. 102

Garrochales, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Jan. 21, 1916.

Lago Guajataca, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado ---- Oct. 25, 1959.

Mayaguez, along Yaguez River, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 20, 1916.

Mayaguez, Mesa, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. B, 1916.

Penuelas, P. R. C. E. Chardon July 18, 1920.

Road #4, Km. 26, Lajas (Mountainous-arid) L. A. Roure, & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959.

Villalba, P. R. Whetzel, Kern & Toro July 13, 1924.

Yaguez River (along the), Mayaguez, P.R. Whetzel & Olive— Mar. 30, 1916.

Vieques, P.R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern & R. A. Toro ---- July 19, 1924.

On Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. E. Fries:

Puerto Rico Seaver & Chardon Jan. 24-April 5, 1923.

On Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Thwaites:

Olla Llanita, Penuelas, P. R. C. E. Chardon July 20, 1920.

Puccinia hyptidis (Curt.) Tracy & Earle

Arqotelium hvptidis Arth.

Dicaeoma hyptidis (M. A. Curt.) Arth.

Eriosporangium hvptidis (M. A. Curt.) Arth.

Gymnoconia hvptidis Lagerh.

Puccinia hvptidis Tracy & Earle

Uredo hvptidis M. A. Curt $

103

0 . Pycnia amphigenous, few in small groups on discolored spots,

inconspicuous, flask-shaped, barely protruding above surface of leaf,

110-140 u x 160-175 u high.

1. Aecia amphigenous, surrounding the pycnia, few in rounded or elongate

groups 2-5 mm across, along the nerves, on somewhat larger reddish

spots, round or oval, bullate, 0.5-1 mm across; somewhat tardily de­

hiscent by irregular slits, orange-colored fading to dirty-white, over­

arching epidermis reddish and prominent* peridium wanting; aeciospores

globoid, 26-32 x 29-33 u, mostly 28-30 u in diameter; wall nearly or

quite colorless, appearing very thick, 2.5-3 u, closely and coarsely

verrucose.

II. Uredia hypophyllous, scattered, round, 0.2-0.5 mm across, soon

naked, dark cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis incon­

spicuous; urediospores globoid, 21.72 x 23.17 u (one specimen ex­

amined); wall cinnamon-brown, moderately thin, about 1.5 u, finely

echinulate, the pores 2, opposite in the equator, more or less incon­

spicuous. (See Fig. 50).

III. Telia hypophyllous, scattered, round, small, 0.1-0.3 mm across,

early naked, pulvinate, very pale-brownish, cinereous by germination,

ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; teliospores fusiform or lance-oblong,

15-19 x 45-70 u, narrowed or obtuse at both ends, slightly constricted

at the septum; wall nearly or quite colorless, smooth, uniformly thin,

about 1 u; pedicel nearly or quite colorless, terete, delicate, one half

to one length of spore. 104

On LAMIACEAE:

Hyptis capitata (L.) Tacq. (Mesosphaerum capltatum (L.) Kuntze), Vieques (Puerto Ric6); Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Cuba; Jamaica; Saint Thomas; Trinidad.

Hyptis radiata Willd. (Mesosphaerum rugosum (L.) Poll.). Florida; Mississippi; South Carolina.

Hyptis shaferi Britton. Cuba.

Hyptis spicata Poir. (Mesosphaerum spicatum (Poir.) Small), Guatem ala.

Hyptis suaveolens Poir. (Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze), Cuba; Jamaica.

Type Locality:

Santee Canal, South Carolina, on Hyptis radiata Willd.

Distribution on Hyptis capitata (L.) Jacq.:

Anasco to San Sebastian (Road #109, Km. 7, Hm. 8), P. R„ ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 5, 1959.

Guaynabo (Demonstration Farm), P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 25, 1924.

Maricao, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro ---- July 8, 1924.

Maricao, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro ---- June 20, 1924.

Mountains Fajardo, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 1, 1924.

Yauco-Lares Road (Finca Maria), P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 16, 1924.

Yauco-Lares Road (Finca Maria), P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro——June 19, 1924.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro ---- July 18, 1924. 105

Puccinia lantanae Farl.

Dasvspora lantanae Arth.

Dicaeoma lantanae Kuntze

Caeomurus lantanae Kuntze

Micropuccinia lantanae (Farl.) Arth.

Puccinia accedens Syd.

Puccinia privae Svd.

Uromyces lantanae Speg.

Uromyces lippiae Speg.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia unknown.

III. Telia hypophyllous, occasionally epiphyllous, gragarious and more

or less confluent on purplish spots 2-10 mm across, few to many, roundish, 0.2-0.5 mm across, compact, pulvinate, early naked, blackish becoming cinereous on germination, ruptured epidermis usually not conspicuous; teliospores irregularly ellipsoid or clavate, 19.66 x 34.33

u (average of 3 specimens examined), rounded above, rounded or narrow below, slightly constricted at septum; wall 1.5-2.5 u, thickened 3-5 u

above, chestnut-brown above, lighter below, smooth; pedicel firm,

colorless or tinted like the spore, often slightly inflated above, once to twice length of spore (See Figs. 51 & 54); mesospores usually more

numerous than teliospores, angularly ellipsoid or obovate, 17.13 x

25.70 u (average of 12 specimens examined), rounded above, narrowed to pedicel below. (See Figs. 51 & 53). On VERBENACEAE:

Goniostachvum citrosum Smalf, Florida.

Lantana aculeata L .. Puerto Rico; Saint Thomas.

Lantana camara L ., Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Cuba; Jamaica; Mexico; Panama; Saint Croix.

Lantana crocea Tacq., Jamaica.

Lantana hispida H. B. K., Costa Rica.

Lantana involucrata L. (Lantana odorata L.), Mona Island (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico; Bermuda; Cuba; Florida.

Lantana purpurea Benth. & Hook, Mexico.

Lantana reticulata Pers., Cuba.

Lantana stricta Sw.. Jamaica.

Lantana trifolia L .. Cuba; Panama.

Lippia dulcis Trev.. Cuba.

Lippia nodiflora (L.) Rich.. Haiti.

Lippia stoechadifolia (L.) H. B. K. (Phyla stoechadifolia Small), Cuba.

Priva lappulaceae (L.) Pers. (Priva echinata Tuss.). Cuba; Jam aica.

Type Locality;

Bermuda, on Lantana involucrata L. (Lantana odorata L.).

Exsiccati:

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 645, 646, 749, 1161; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi 10-52. 107

Distribution:

On Lantana camara L.:

Guayanilla, P. R. F. L. Steven Dec. 29, 1915.

Humacao Play a, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 2, 1924.

Penuelas (north of it, along river), P. R. C. E. Chardon July 28, 1920.

Penuelas (Finca Pretoria), P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- July 21, 1920.

Ponce (Pastillo Arriba), P. R. C. E. Chardon Aug. 9, 1920.

On Lantana involucrata L.:

Boqueron Beach, P. R. C. E. Chardon Aug. 7, 1943.

Boqueron Beach, P. R. F. L. Stevens Feb. 15, 1913.

Mayaguez (Barrio Sabalos, dry soil-near sea), P. R. ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Mar. 15, 1960.

Puerto Rico F. L. Stevens Jan. 17, 1914.

Yauco (Hillside 2 miles East), P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 30, 1916.

Yauco, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 30, 1916.

Mona Island (Base of cliff at Sardinera), P. R. C. E. Chardon & J. I. Otero Mar. 3, 1944.

Mona Island (Base of cliff at Sartiinera), P. R. C. E. Chardon & J. I. Otero---July 21, 1944.

Mona Island (Thickets at El Uvero), P. R. C. E. Chardon & J. I. Otero Mar. 2, 1944.

Vieques, P. R. H, H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 18, 1924. 108

Puccinia leonotidis (P. Henn.)Arth.

Aecidium leonotidis P. Henn.

Dicaeoma leonotidis (P. Henn.) Arth.

Puccinia leonotidicola P. Henn.

Uredo cancerina P. Henn.

Uredo leonoticola P. Henn.

Uredo leonotidis P. Henn.

0 . Pycnia hypophyllous; pycniospores oblong, 2.5-3 x 4-5 u.

1. Aecia amphigenous, chiefly hypophyllous, gregarious on yellowish spots, sometimes solitary, pustulate, peridium finally capulate; aecio- spores globoid, oblong, or ovoid, 20-24 x 20-32 u; wall hyaline or pale- yellow, verrucose.

II. Uredia amphigenous, numerous, scattered or grouped, roundish, small, 0.2-1 mm across, early naked, pulverulent, cinnamon brown, ruptured epidermis noticeable; urediospores oblate-spheroid, 21.65 x

23.99 u (average of 21 specimens examined); wall cinnamon-brown, rather thin, 1-1.5 u, thicker above, 1.5-2 u, finely and closely echinu- late, the pores 4 or 5, basal, around the hilum. (See Figs. 55 & 56).

III. Telia amphigenous, few, on indistinct yellowish-brown spots, small, about 0.5 mm in diameter, rather pulverulent, brown; teliospores ellipsoid,

18-23 x 25-32 u, rounded at both ends, slightly or not constricted at septum; wall yellowish-brown, smooth, thickened at apex up to 5 u with a papilla; pedicel hyaline, as long as spore. 109

On IAMIACEAE:

Leonotls nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br., Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Barbados; Brazil; Colombia; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Florida; Jamaica; Trinidad; Uganda.

Type Locality:

Africa, on Leonotis velutina.

Exsiccati:

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 781, 1658.

Distribution on Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br.:

Adjuntas to Ponce Road (Corral Viejo), P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- August 16, 1920.

Adjuntas to Ponce Road (Corral Viejo), P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- Aug. 16, 1920.

Barceloneta, Langley's Place, P.R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Apr. 8, 1916.

Boqueron, P. R. --H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive---Mar. 11, 1916.

Bayamon (Brown Grove), P. R. W. A. McCubbin Jan. 3, 1936.

Coamo Springs, P. R. F. L. Stevens Jan. 1, 1913.

Comerio, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro ---- June 13, 1924.

Guayama, P. R. ---F. L. Stevens -----Dec. 4, 1912.

Guayama, P. R. ---F. L. Stevens -----Dec. 4, 1915.

Humacao, P. ---R.-H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, R. A. Toro ----- July 2, 1924.

Indiera Baja, P. R. Seaver & Chardon Jan. 24, April 5, 1923.

Lares, P. R. F. L. Stevens Nov. 22, 1913. Mayaguez, P. R. Seaver & Chardon Jan. 24, April 5, 1923.

Mayaguez (Punta Arenas), P. R. C. E. Chardon Sept. 5, 1943.

Mayaguez (Road #105 P. R. Km. 2, Hm. 5, Barrio Limon), P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 29, 1959.

Mayaguez, road to Guanajibo, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Marc. 3, 1916.

Mayaguez to San German (Road #2, Km. 199), P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959.

Penuelas (Valdivieso citrus grove), P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- July 29, 1920.

Ponce (Finca Perseverancia), P. R. C. E. Chardon July 10, 1920.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson ----Jan. 18, 1914.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson ----Feb. 2, 1915.

Sabana Grande, P. R. F. L. Stevens June 28, 1915.

Yauco-Lares Road (Finca Maria), P. R. ----H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 19, 1924.

Yauco, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 30, 1916.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro ---- July 17, 1924.

Puccinla leptochloae Arth . & Fromme

Dicaeoma leptochloae Arthur & Fromme

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, oval, oblong, or linear, early naked, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; urediospores globoid, 21-24 x 23-26 u; wall light cinnamon-brown, moderately thick, 2-2.5 u, minutely and I ll closely verrucose, the pores usually 4, sometimes 6, scattered; meso- spores (not reported before) more abundant than teliospores, globoid to obovoid, 19.55 x 21.72 u (one specimen examined), pedicel colored, about same length as spore. (See Fig. 57).

III. Telia amphigenous, crowded, oval, oblong or linear, 0.5-2 mm long, early naked, pulverulent, pulvinate, blackish-brown, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; teliospores oblong or broadly ellipsoid, 19.55 x

34.75 u (one specimen examined), both ends rounded, scarcely con­ stricted at septum; wall dark chestnut-brown, about 2 u thick, 3-7 u above; pedicel golden, as long as spore. (See Figs. 58 & 59).

On POACEAE:

Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. (Leptochloa mucronata pulchella Scribn.). Puerto Rico; Argentina; Cuba; Texas.

Type Locality:

Guaymas, Mexico.

Distribution:

Guanica, P. R. Hackel Feb. 2, 1886.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Dicaeoma leve (Sacc. & B izz.)A rth0 & Fromme

Dicaeoma paspali Arth.

Diorchidium leve Sacc. & Bizz.

Puccinia qayazensis P. Henn.

Puccinia huberi P. Henn.

Puccinia levis Magnus 112

Puccinia paspali Tracy & Earle

Puccinia puttemansii P. Henn.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, scattered, rounded or elliptic, small, 0.5-1

mm long, rather tardily naked, chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis con­

spicuous; urediospores globoid or broadly ellipsoid, 21.01 x 26.17 u

(average of 23 specimens examined); wall cinnamon-brown, 1.5-2 u thick, moderately and prominently echinulate, the pores 2, sometimes 3,

equatorial. (See Figs. 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 & 67).

III. Telia amphigenous, scattered, rounded or broadly elliptic, 0.5-1

mm long, rather tardily naked, blackish-brown, compact, ruptured epi­

dermis conspicuous; teliospores oblong, 21-29 x 32-42 u, rounded at

both ends, slightly constricted at septum, the septum-normally horizontal,

sometimes oblique or nearly vertical; wall chocolate-brown, smooth,

moderately and nearly uniformly thick, 2.5-3 u. but thicker over the germ

pores, 7-9 u; pedicel colorless, fragile, twice length of spore or more.

On POACEAE:

Panicum adspersum Trin., Puerto Rico.

Panicum fasciculatum Sw., Puerto Rico.

Panicum maximum Tacq., Puerto Rico.

Panicum schiffneri Hack., Mexico.

Panicum trichoides Sw ., Puerto Rico.

Panicum utowanaeum Scribn., Puerto Rico.

Paspalum eras sum Cha se, Mexico. 113

Paspalum fimbriatum H. B. K., Puerto Rico; Antigua; Barbados; Saint Croix.

Paspalum humboldtianum Flugge. Guatemala.

Paspalum larranaqai Arech., Louisiana; Mississippi; Texas.

Paspalum millegrana Schrad. (Paspalum underwoodii Nash). Puerto Rico; Barbados.

Paspalum plicatulum Michx., Puerto Rico.

Rvtilix granularis (L.) Skeels (Manisuris qranularis Sw., Hackelochloa granularis Kuntze), Puerto Rico; Brazil; Guadeloupe; Martinique.

Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc., Puerto Rico; Guatemala.

Type Locality;

Brazil, on Rvtilix qranularis (L.) Skeels (Manisuris qranularis Sw.

Distribution:

On Manisuris §p.:

Rio Piedras, P. R. --- L. J. McConnell ----- May 17, 1942.

On Panicum fasciculatum Swartz:

Barceloneta, P. R. ---Whetzel & Olive Apr. 6, 1916.

On Panicum trichoides Sw.:

Adjuntas to Ponce road (Corral Viejo), P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- Aug. 16, 1920.

Mayaguez (along Yaguez river), P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Mar. 20, 1916.

Mayafcuez (La Jagua), P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 6, 1916.

Tanama River, P. R. Whetzel & Olive— Apr. 7, 1916.

(Locality not reported) F. L. Stevens Sept. 10, 1915. 114

On Paspalum spp.:

Mona Island, El Uvero, P. R. C. E. Chardon & J. I. Otero ---- Mar. 2, 1944.

Mona Island, Limestone plateau, trail to Los Cerezos, P. R. ---- C. E. Chardon & J. I. Otero Mar. 3, 1944.

On Paspalum fimbriatum H. B. K.:

Penuelas, Monte Medina, P. R. C. E. Chardon July 30, 1920.

Penuelas, Valdivieso citrus grove, P. R. C. E. Chardon-— July 29, 1920.

Punta Rincon, Road #413 (#R—191), P. R.—-L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Nov. 14, 1959.

Punta Rincon, Road #413 (#R-196), P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Nov. 14, 1959.

Quebradillas, Road near to it, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 21, 1924.

Yauco, along railroad west, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 30, 1916.

On Paspalum milleqrana Schrad.:

Campo Alegre, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 21, 1916.

Guaynabo, Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 11, 1924.

On Paspalum schreberianum

Campo Alegre, P. R. J. A. Stevenson April 21, 1916.

On Rvtilix qranularis (L.) Skeels:

Rosario, P. R. F. L. Stevens Jan. 14, 1915.

On Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc.:

Barceloneta, Mariano Mari Farm, P. R. W. A. McCubbin ---- Nov. 23, 1937. 115

Lajas, Road #4, Km. #26, mountainous-arid, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959.

Manati, Middleton Grove, P. R. W. A. McCubbin ---- Jan. 25, 1938.

Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw.

Dasvspora svnedrellae Arth.

Dicaeoma cubense Kuntze

Dicaeoma svnedrellae Kuntze

Leptopuccinia melampodii Svd.

Leptopuccinia svnedrellae Syd.

Micropuccinia melampodii (Diet. & Holw.) Arth. & Jacks.

Micropuccinia svnedrellae Arth. & Jacks.

Puccinia diaziana Arth.

Puccinia eleutherantherae Diet.

Puccinia solida Berk. & Curt.

Puccinia svnedrellae Lagerh.

Puccinia svnedrellae P. Henn.

Puccinia tetranthi Svd.

Puccinia tridacis Arth.

Puccinia zinniae Svd.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia unknown.

III. Telia hypophyllous or occasionally amphigenous, gregarious, distinct or more commonly confluent, or discolored spots 0.2-1.5 cm across,

small, round, 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter, usually early naked, chestnut- 116 brown becoming cinereous on germination, compact, usually pulvinate, ruptured epidermis usually inconspicuous; teliospores oblong or clavate,

16.73 x 38.73 u (average of 14 specimens examined), rounded or obtuse above, obtuse or more commonly narrowed to pedicel below, slightly or not constricted at septum; wall golden- or cinnamon-brown, 1-2.5 u thick, thickened above, 4-10 u, smooth; pedicel firm, colorless or tinted like base of spore, equaling the spore or shorter. (See Figs. 68 & 69).

On CARDUACEAE:

Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Schultz-Bip., Puerto Rico; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Jamaica; Panama.

Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC., Guatemala; Mexico.

Parthenium hvsterophorus L., Texas.

Spilanthes oleraceae Jacq., Martinique.

Svnedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Verbesina nodiflora L .). Puerto Rico) Barbados; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Jamaica; Panama; Saint Croix; Saint Thomas; Tortola; Trinidad.

Tetranthus hirsutus Spreng. (Tetranthus littoralis Sw.). Haiti.

Tridax procumbens L., Cuba.

Ximenesia encelioides (Benth. & Hoot.) Cav. (Verbesina encelioides Benth. & Hook.) Mexico.

Zinnia tenuiflora Tacq.. Mexico.

Type Locality:

Cuernavaca, Mexico, on Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC.

Exsiccati:

Syd., Ured. 376, 1534. 117

Distribution:

On Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw,) Schultz-Bip.:

Carolina, Buena Vista, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Jan. 9, 1915.

Ciales Road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 20, 1924.

Fajardo, Ensenada Honda, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 19, 1924.

On Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.:

Barrio Juan Alonso, Road 105 P.R., Km. 2, Hm. 1, P. R.— L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 29, 1959.

Barrio Juan Alonso, Road #105 P.R ., Km. 2, Hm. 5, P. R.- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 30, 1959.

Ceiba, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 30, 1924.

Fajardo, Mountains, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 1, 1924.

Guaynabo, Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro.

Guaynabo, Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 12, 1924.

Guaynabo, Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 23, 1924.

Maricao, Monte del Estado, Km. 20-mountainous-rainy, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 26, 1959.

Mayaguez, College Campus, P. R. A. G. KevorkianS— Sept. 26, 1936.

Mayaguez, College Grounds, north slope of hill, P. R. ---- H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 4-6, 1916.

Mayaguez, Experimental Station Grounds, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 13, 1916. 118

Mayaguez, Guanajibo Road Km. 6, by the ocean, P. R. ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado.

Mayaguez, P. R. F. L. Stevens July 3, 1915.

Mayaguez to San German, Road #2, Km. 198, low land, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959.

Miradero, Km. 2, Hm. 7, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 22, 1959.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson J^n. 15, 1914.

Yauco, hillside 2 miles East, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 31, 1916.

Yauco-Lares Road, Rio Prieto, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern & R. A. Toro June 20, 1924.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R . A. Toro July 17, 1924.

Puccinia proximella Arth.

Dicaeoma proximella Arth.

Puccinia arthurella Trotter

Puccinia proximella Arth.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia chiefly hypophyllous, crowded in groups 2-4 mm across or

scattered, bullate, roundish or irregular, large, 0.3-0.9 mm across, tardily naked, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis con­

spicuous as a partial membranous covering; urediospores broadly

ellipsoid, 17-20 x 19-24 u; wall cinnamon-brown, thin, 1-1.5 u,

closely and finely echinulate, the pores rather indistinct, 4-6, scattered,

usually 4 . III. Telia hypophyllous , scattered, oval or oblong, 0.5-0.8 mm long, rather tardily naked, chocolate-brown, somewhat pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, partially covering the sorus; teliospores ellipsoid or oblong, sometimes irregularly so, 20.27-36.92 u (one specimen ex­ amined), rounded above and below, slightly constricted at septum; wall

v .- * ' dark chestnut-brown, uniformly thick, 1.5-2 u, moderately and distinctly verrucose, the pore of upper cell usually apical, of lower cell in the lower half, sometimes above; pedicel tinted like the spore and not color­ less as reported in the literature, sometimes laterally displaced.

(See Fig. 70).

On CICHORIACEAE:

Lactuca intvbacea Tacq.. Vieques (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico; Cuba, Dominican Republic.

Type Locality:

Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico, on Lactuca intybaceae Tacq. (Brachvramphus intybaceus (Tacq.) DC.).

Distribution:

On Lactuca intybacea Jacq.:

Barrio Juan Alonso, Road 105 P.R., Km. 4, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 29, 1959.

Sabana Grande, P. R. (Type Locality).

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 17, 1924.

Puccinia purpurea Cooke

Dicaeoma purpureum (Cooke) Kuntze Puccinia sanauinea Diet.

Uredo andropogonis -hirti Maire

Uredo sorghi-halepensis Pat.

Uredo sorghi Fckl*

Uredo sorghi Pass.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, somewhat gregarious on purple spots, elliptic,

0.5-1 mm long, tardily naked, somewhat pulverulent, chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; paraphyses clavate or capitate, curved, up to 65 u long, the wall cinnamon-brown, usually with a purple cast,

2-3 u thick, 5-7 u at apex, smooth; urediospores ellipsoid or oblong, often angular, 24.36 x 31.60 u (average of 14 specimens examined); wall 1.5-2.5 u thick, cinnamon- or dark chestnut-brown, finely and sparsely verrucose-echinulate, the pores 5-10, scattered, usually 6-8 in two transverse bands variously located. (See Figs. 71, 72, 73, £4,

75 & 76).

III. Telia amphigenous, scattered or somewhat gregarious, oblong,

1-3 mm long, tardily naked, compact, dark chocolate-brown, ruptured

epidermis conspicuous; teliospores ellipsoid or oblong, 23-32 x 40-55 u, rounded or obtuse at apex, usually narrowed below, slightly or not con­

stricted at septum; wall uniformly colored throughout, dark chestnut- or

chocolate-brown, smooth, rather thick, 2-3 u, moderately thickened at

apex, 4**7 u; pedicel colorless, persistent, once to twice length of spore. 121

On POACEAE:

Holcus halepensis 1. (ftndropoqon halepensis Brot., Sorghum halepense Pers.)., Puerto Rico; Alabama; California; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Florida; Hawaii; Jamaica; Louisiana; Mexico; South Carolina; Texas.

Holcus sorghum L. (ftndropoqon sorghum Brot., Sorghum dora Griseb., Sorghum vulqare Pers., Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense (Piper) Hitchc.), Vieques (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico; Bermuda; California; Costa Rica; Cuba; Florida; Haiti; Hawaii; India; Mexico; Nicaragua; Oklahoma; Texas; Tortola.

Holcus sorghum sudanensis (Piper) Hitchc., Puerto Rico; Barbados; Jamaica; Java; Nicaragua.

Sorghum spp., Puerto Rico; Florida; Haiti; Java; Louisiana; Saint Croix; Texas; West Virginia.

Type Locality:

India, on Sorghum vulqare Pers.

Exsiccati:

Barth. Fungi Columb. 2464, 2673, 4670; Barth. N. Am. Ured. 963, 1072, 1666, 1773; Ell. & Ev. Fungi Columb. 1656; Ell. & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 2416; Rav. Fungi Am. 277; Sydow, Ured. 2328.

Distribution:

On Gramineae:

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. R. Johnston May 24, 1912.

On Holcus halepensis L .:

Mayaguez, Barrio Sabalos, low land-dry, P. R. J. O. Bado Nov. 5, 1959.

Rio Piedras, P. R. O. Garcia Molinary Mar. 7, 1942.

Sabana Liana, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Jan. 7, 1917. (#3171). 122

Sabana Liana, P. R. J. A. Stevemson --- Jan. 7, 1917. (#6073).

Sabana Liana, P. R. ----J. A. Stevenson ----Nov. 1, 1915.

On Holcus sorghum L.;

Fajardo, Ensenada Honda, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 29, 1924.

Patillas, P. R.-----J. A. Stevenson ------Sept. 7, 1917.

On Holcus sorghum sudanensis (Piper) Hitchc.:

Mayaguez, Experimental Station Grounds, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 4, 1916.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Apr. 24, 1915

On Sorghum spp.:

Caguas, P. R. ----- J. A. Stevenson Sept. 24, 1915.

Patillas, P. R.-----J. A. Stevenson ----- Sept. 7, 1917.

Rio Piedras to Caguas, Km. 24, P. R. J. A. Stevenson ---- Sept. 24, 1915.

On Sorghum vulgare var. gudanense (Piper) Hitchc.:

Vieques Island, P. R. Thomas Theis Fall 1950.

Puccinia sorghi Schw.

Aecidium oxalidis Thum.

Aecidium peyritschianum Magnus

Dicaeoma sorghi (Schw.) Kuntze

Puccinia mavdis Bereng.

Puccinia zeae Bereng.

Trichobasis mavdis Niessl. 123

Uredo zeae Desmaz.

0 . Pycnia amphigenous, few, in small groups or intermixed with the aecia, honey-yellow becoming brownish, rather inconspicuous, globoid, 90-110 u in diameter; ostiolar filaments short.

1. Aecia hypophyllous, in small circular groups 2-3 mm broad, cupulate, small, 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter; peridium colorless, rather fragile, the margin erect, irregularly lacerate or entire; peridial cells oblong, 15-18 x

23-32 u, abutted or slightly overlapping, the outer wall smooth, finely striate, 7-10 u thick, the inner wall verrucose, 2-2.5 u thick; aecio- spores globoid or ellipsoid, 13-19 x 18-26 u; wall pale-yellow, about

I.5 u thick, very finely and closely verrucose.

On OXALIDACEAE:

Oxalis filipes Small (Xanthoxalis filipes Small). Oklahoma.

Oxalis stricta 1. (Oxalis corniculata stricta Say.. Oxalis cvmosa Small. Xanthoxalis stricta (L.) Small, Xanthoxalis interior Small). Georgia; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Nebraska; North Dakota; South Dakota.

Oxalis vlolaceae L. (Ionoxalis violaceae (L.) Small), Kansas; Nebraska.

Xanthoxalis langloisii Small. Texas.

II. Uredia amphigenous, scattered or in groups, sometimes forming lines, elliptic or oblong, 0.5-1 mm long, or much longer in warm, moist regions, tardily naked, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis promi­ nent; urediospores broadly ellipsoid or globoid, 28.42 x 29.84 u (one specimen examined); wall moderately thin, 1.5-2 u, golden- or cinnamon- brown, very finely echinulate, the pores usually 4, sometimes 3, 124 approximately equatorial. (See Fig. 77).

III. Telia amphigenous, scattered or sometimes with large sori in large compact groups, elliptic or oblong, 1-2 mm long, rather tardily naked, pulvinate, blackish-brown, ruptured epidermis prominent; teliospores oblong or ellipsoid, 16-23 x 29-45 u, rounded or obtuse at both ends, or somewhat narrowed below, slightly constricted at septum; wall smooth, dark chestnut-brown, 1-2 u thick, moderately thickened above,

5-7 u; pedicel pale-yellow near the spore, colorless below, once to twice length of spore.

On POACEAE:

Andropogon furcatus Muhl. (Andropogon provincialis furcatus Hack., Andropogon provincialis Am. Auth. not lam .), Oklahoma; Texas.

Euchlaena mexicana Schrad., Guatemala; Iowa.

Zea mays L ., Puerto Rico; Alabama; Arkansas; California; Canada; Colorado; Connecticut; Cuba; Delaware; Guatemala; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Massachusetts; Mexico; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montserrat; Nebraska; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; South Dakota; Texas; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming.

Type Locality;

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, on Zea mays L.

Exsiccati:

Arth. & Holway, Ured. Exs. Ic. 32 a, b, c; Barth. Fungi Columb. 2777, 3372, 3671, 3672, 3970 4975, 5073; Barth. N. Am. Ured. 368, 569, 970, 1776, 1868, 1966, 2060, 2164, 2265; Brenckle, Fungi Dak. 114, 114 a; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi 2 6 8 ; ElllS,&iEvi N . Am. Fungi 2 2 1 0 ; Ell. 6c Ev. Fungi Columb. 125

257/ 1906; D. Griff. W. Am. Fungi 241; Kellerm. Ohio Fungi 95; Rab.-Pax. Fungi Eur. 4132; Rav. Fungi Car. 3: 92; Seym. & Earle, Econ. Fungi 72; Shear, N. Y. Fungi 71; Sydow, Ured. 921; Thum. Myc. Univ. 231b.

Distribution on Zea mays L.:

Anasco to San Sebastian, Road #109, Km. 14, Hm. 1, P. R. ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 5, 1959.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Aecidium solaniphilum Speq.

Aecidium tubulosum Pat. & Gaill.

Aecidium uleanum Paz.

Dicaeoma sub striatum Arth.

Dicaeoma tubulosum fPat. & G aill.) Arth. & Fromme

Puccinia tubulosa Arth.

Uredo paspalicola P. Henn.

Uredo stevensiana Arth.

0 . Pycnia apiphyllous, crowded upon yellowish areas opposite the aecia, conspicuous, dark-brown, globoid or broadly ellipsoid; 112-144 x 112-160 u; ostiolar filaments slightly projecting, 40-90 u long.

1. Aecia hypophyllous, crowded upon yellowish areas 1-2 cm across, cylindric, 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter, 1-1.5 mm high; peridium whitish, lacerate, fragile, upper portion soon breaking away; peridial cells broadly oblong or rhomboidal in radial section, 23-35 x 32-45 u, slightly over­ lapping, the outer wall 3-5 u thick, transversely striate, the inner wall

3-6 u thick, closely and coarsely verrucose; aeciospores irregularly 126 ellipsoid or oblong/ 22.79 x 28.01 u (average of 19 specimens examined); wall colorless or slightly brownish/ 1-1.5 u thick, closely and finely verrucose. (See Figs. 84, 85 & 86).

On SOIANACEAE:

Solanum spp., Puerto Rico; Argentina; Brazil; Costa Rica.

Solanum melonqena L .. Puerto Rico.

Solanum tequilense A. Gray. Mexico.

Solanum torvum Sw., Vieques (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico; Asia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Guatemala; Jamaica; Texas; Venezuela (?).

II. Uredia amphigenous, scattered or in small groups on discolored spots, elliptic, small, 0.2-0.8 mm long, brownish-yellow, rather tardily naked by a longitudinal rupture; paraphyses hyphoid, sometimes few or absent, erect or incurved, clavate, 10-15 x 29-50 u, the wall colorless, thin, about 1 u, frequently thicker above or on convex side, 2-4 u; uredio- spores ellipsoid or obovoid, 22.72 x 27.61 u (average of 30 specimens examined); wall usually pale-yellow or colorless, sometimes cinnamon- brown, thin, 1-1.5 u, closely and moderately echinulate, the pores 3 or

4, equatorial, usually indistinct. (See Figs. 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 87,

88 & 89).

III. Telia amphigenous, scattered, rather scarce, round or oblong, small,

0.2-0.6 mm across, early naked, chocolate-brown, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis somewhat inconspicuous; teliospores elongate-obovoid or ellip­ soid, 19.55 x 41.99 (one specimen examined); wall chestnut- or cinnamon- brown, thin, 1-1.5 u, thickened and usually darker colored at apex, 4-7 u, 127 smooth; pedicel tinted, short, about one half length of spore or less.

(See Fig. 82).

On PQACEAE:

Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. (Paspalum compressum Rasp.. Anastrophus compressus Schlecht.K Puerto Rico; Guatem ala.

Chaetochloa qeniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chas. (Chaetochloa imberbis Scribn.), Puerto Rico.

Eriochloa polystachya H. B. K. (Erichloa subglabra (Nash.) Hitchc.), Vieques (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico.

Panicum pallens Sw. (Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro), Puerto Rico.

Paspalum conjugatum Berg., Puerto Rico; Cuba; Guatemala; Panama.

Paspalum humboldtianum Flugge, Guatemala; Mexico.

Paspalum paniculatum L ., Puerto Rico; Brazil; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Mexico.

Paspalum plicatulum M ichx.. Puerto Rico; Cuba.

Paspalum portoricensis N ash., Puerto Rico.

Paspalum virgatum L ., Puerto Rico.

Syntherisma digitata Hitchc. (Digitaria setosa Desv.), Puerto Rico.

Syntherisma sanquinalis (L.) Dulac (Syntherisma marginata Nash, Panicum sanguinale L.), Cuba; Panama; Texas.

Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees, Puerto Rico.

Valota insularis (L.) Chase (Andropogon insularis L ., Panicum leucophaeum H. B. K.), Vieques (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico; Brazil; Cuba; Mexico. 128

Type Locality:

Mapire, Venezuela, on Solanum (torvum?) Sw.

Exsiccati:

Barth. Fungi Columb. 4202; Pringle, Mex. Fungi 6.

Distribution:

On Chaetochloa qeniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase:

Fajardo Mountains, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 1, 1924. (#2351).

Fajardo Mountains, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 1, 1924. (#2352).

Rio Piedras, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 22, 1916. (#438).

Rio Piedras, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 22, 1916. (#5288).

On Eriochloa polvstachva H. B. K. (Erichloa subglabra (Nash.) H itchc.):

Ceiba, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro ---- June 30, 1924.

Mayaguez, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 9, 1916.

Mayaguez, Experimental Station Grounds, P. R. ---- Whetzel & Olive— Feb. 29, 1916.

Mayaguez, La Jagua, P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Mar. 1, 1916.

Mayaguez, road to Guanajibo, P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Mar. 3, 1916.

Mayaguez, south along railroad, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 13, 1916. (#398).

Mayaguez, south along railroad, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 13, 1916. 129

Penuelas, Olla Llanita, P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- July 19, 1920.

Penuelas, Valdivieso Citrus grove, P. R. C. E. Chardon July 29, 1920.

Rio Piedras, Experimental Station grounds, P. R. ---- Whetzel & Olive— Mar. 11 & 17, 1916.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 18, 1924.

On Panicum pallens (Sw.) Munro.:

Anasco to San Sebastian, Road #109, Km. 6, Hm. 9, mountainous-shady L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado ---- Sept. 5, 1959.

Mayaguez, La Jagua, P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Mar. 2, 1916.

On Paspalum paniculatum L.:

Maricao, along the road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 15, 1916.

Mayaguez to San German, Road #2, Km. 199, low land, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959.

Monte Alegrillo, P. R. F. L. Stevens Nov. 14, 1913.

Naguabo, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Apr. 19, 1916.

Naguabo, Preston's Ranch, P. R. J. A. Stevenson ---- March 24, 1917.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson— Apr. 22, 1916.

Rio Piedras, Dreier's Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive—rApr. 23, 1916.

San German, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 1, 1916.

Villalba, Finca Limon, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 14, 1924. 130

Yauco-Lares Road, Finca Maria, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 16, 1924.

On Paspalum virgatum L.:

Guaynabo, Near Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 25, 1924.

Mayaguez to San German, Road #2, Km. 199, low land, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 5, 1959.

On Solanum spp.:

Guaynabo, P. R. Noel & Hamilton June 13, 1950.

. On Solanum melonqena L.:

Rio Piedras, P. R. Hays & Young June 1, 1949.

On Solanum torvum Sw .:

Barrio Juan Alonso, Road #105 P. R ., Km. 5, Hm. 8, mountainous-rainy, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado ---- Aug. 29, 1959.

Coamo, Hacienda Pulguillas, P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- Aug. 27, 1920.

Corozal, P. R. Seaver & Chardon Jan. 24-Apr. 5, 1923.

Guaynabo, P. R. Goode & Griedman—-May 22, 1951.

Maricao, along road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 15, 1916.

Mayaguez, P. R. F. L. Stevens Jan. 30, 1913.

Mayaguez, P. R. G. A. Pfaffman Jan. 5, 1939.

Mayaguez, Km. 6, Leguisamo, shady-rainy, P. R. ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 22, 1959.

Mayaguez to San German, Road #2, Km. 199, low land- rainy, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959. 131

Penuelas, P. R. C. E. Chardon July 27, 1920.

Penuelas, Finca Pretoria, P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- July 21, 1920.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Oct. 5, 1913.

Rib Piedras, University of Puerto Rico, P. R. L. J. McConnell June 17, 1942.

Santurce, P. R. Mr. & Mrs. A. A. Heller May 2, 1899

South of Barros, along creek, P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- Aug. 1, 1920.

Trujillo Alto, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Jan. 25, 1916.

Utuado, along road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Apr. 7, 1916.

Yabucoa, Mountains, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 2, 1924.

On Syntherisma digitata (Sw.) Hitchc.

Barceloneta, pineapple fields, P.R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Apr. 6, 1916.

Ceiba, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro- June 30, 1924.

Guaynabo, Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 24, 1924.

Mayaguez, College Grounds, P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- July 15, 1920.

Naguabo, slopes of El Duque, P. R. Whetzel & Olive ---- Apr. 19, 1916.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro—-July 17, 1924.

On Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees:

Road #4, Km. 12, Hm. 4-by the ocean L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Oct. 10, 1959. 132

On Valota insularis (L.) Chase:

Anasco, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 7, 1924.

Boqueron, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Mar. 11, 1916.

Campo Alegre, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Apr. 21, 1916.

Campo Alegre (Bailey’s Plantation), P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Apr. 21, 1916.

San German, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 1, 1916.

Vega Baja, P. R .-—J. A. Stevenson Aug. 4, 1916.

Vega Baja, Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 27, 1924.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 17, 1924.

Vieques, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro— July 18, 1924.

Puccinia tageticola Diet. & Holw.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous and caulicolous, round or oval, 0.2-1 mm across, somewhat tardily naked, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis usually conspicuous; urediospores ellipsoid or obovate, somewhat flattened laterally, 20.27 x 24.62 u (one specimen examined); wall golden-brown, thin, 1.5-2 u, moderately and rather finely echinulate, the pores 2 equatorial. (See Fig. 90).

III. Telia amphigenous and caulicolous, round or elongate, 0.5-5 mm long, tardily naked, pulvinate, blackish, ruptured epidermis conspicuous; 133 teliospores ellipsoid or oblong, 26-34 x 40-50 u, occasionally narrower and longer in caulicolous sori, rounded at both ends, slightly or not constricted at septum; wall chestnut-brown, thick, 3-5 u, thicker above, 8-10 u, with a broad sub-hyaline umbo; pedicel colorless, firm, usually thick-walled, twice or thrice length of spore.

On CARDUACEAE:

Tagetes erecta L ., Puerto Rico.

Tagetes filifolia Lag., Costa Rica; Mexico.

Tagetes luclda Cav., Mexico.

Tagetes micrantha Cav., Mexico.

Tagetes microqlossa Benth., Costa Rica.

Tagetes patula L. (Tagetes tenuifolia H. B. K.), Puerto Rico; M exico.

Type Locality:

Guadalajara, Mexico on Tagetes patula L. (Tagetes tenuifolia H. B. K.)

Exsiccati:

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 64, 370, 1374; Sydow, Ured. 1987.

Distribution on Tagetes erecta L. :

Maricao, by cemetery, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 25, 1916.

Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn.

Micropuccinia urbaniana (P. Henn.) Arth. & Jacks.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia unknown. 134

III. Telia hypophyllous/ occasionally epiphyllous, gregarious and more or less confluent in groups 5-10 mm across, on brownish or purplish spots, often arranged in a concentric manner, small, 0.2-0.5 mm across, roundish, somewhat tardily naked, compact, pulvinate, blackish-brown becoming cinereous on germination, ruptured epidermis usually not con­ spicuous; teliospores ellipsoid or clavate, 14-22 x 28-45 u, somewhat irregular, rounded above, narrowed to pedicel below, slightly constricted at septum; wall cinnamon- or light chestnut-brown, 1-2 u thick, thickened

4-7 u above, smooth; pedicel fragile, colored like the spore-wall or lighter, equaling spore or shorter. (See Fig. 91, 92 & 93).

On VERBENACEAE:

Cornutia grandifolia Schauer. Guatemala.

Stachvtarpheta sp., Puerto Rico; Saint Croix.

Stachvtarpheta cayennensis Vahl (Valerianodes cayennensis (Vahl) Kuntze, Puerto Rico; Costa Rica.

Stachvtarpheta iamaicensis Vahl (Valerianoides i amaicensis (L.) Kuntze. Stachvtarpheta dichotoma Vahl). Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Barbados; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Florida; Guatemala; Honduras; Jamaica.

Stachvtarpheta strigosa Vahl. Mona Island (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico.

Type Locality;

Port Antonio, Jamaica, on Stachvtarpheta iamaicensis Vahl.

Exsiccati:

Barth. N. Am. Ured. 669, 1672. 135

Distribution:

On Stachytarpheta sp.:

ex Puerto Rico, intercepted at San Juan, P. R. R. A. Fox June

Isla Grande Airport, San Juan, P. R. C. M. Locke ----- Oct. 4, 1950.

San Juan, P. R., in mail, intercepted, P. R .-—A. S. Mills Jan. 14, 1932.

On Stachytarpheta iamaicensis (L.) Vahl:

Adjuntas to Ponce road. Corral Viejo, P. R. C. E. Chardon Aug. 16, 1920.

Anasco, along road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 28, 1916.

Barceloneta, P. R. W. A. McCubbin Nov. 23, 1937.

Barceloneta, Langley*s Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Apr. 6-8, 1916.

Central Alianza, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Jan. 3, 1916.

Fajardo & Naguabo H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 18-20, 1916.

Guajataca Lake L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Oct. 25, 1959.

Humacao Playa, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 1, 1924.

Isla Grande, P. R. D. Noel Nov. 30, 1950.

Mayaguez, Bartio Sabalos, low land, rainy, P. R. J. O. Bado Oct. 23, 1959.

Mayaguez, Eureka Grove, P. R. W. A. McCubbin— Feb. 3, 1937.

Mayaguez, road to Guanajibo, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 3, 1916. 136

Naguabo, P. R. E. W. Olive & J. A. Stevenson ---- Apr. 19, 1916.

Naguabo, P. R. J. A. Stevenson & E. W. Olive Apr. 19, 1916.

Penuelas, Finca Pretoria, P. R. C. E. Chardon ---- July 21, 1920.

Quebradillas, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 21, 1924.

San German, P. R. G. A. Pfaffman— Apr. 6, 1939.

San German, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 1, 1916.

San Juan, P. R. WJietzel & Olive Feb. 24, 1916.

Santurce, P. R. F. L. Stevens Jan. 16, 1913.

Yauco-Lares Road, Finca Maria, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 16, 1924.

Mona Island, open places at El Uvero, host in the shade, P. R. C. E. Chardon & J. I. Otero Mar. 2, 1944.

Vieques Island, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 17, 1924.

On Stachytarpheta striqosa Vahl.:

Coamo, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Apr. 24, 1916.

Mona Island, thickets near Sardinera, P. R. C. E. Chardon & J. I. Otero Mar. 11, 1944.

Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh.

Coleosporium (?) pallidulum Speq.

Micropuccinia triumfettae (Diet. & Holw.)Arth. & Jacks.

Puccinia triumfettae Diet. & Holw.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown. 137

II. Uredia unknown.

III. Telia mostly hypophyllous, loosely grouped upon yellowish spots

1-10 mm across, round, 0.1-0.5 mm in diameter, early naked, pulvi- nate, golden- or chocolate-brown becoming cinereous from germination, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; teliospores ellipsoid, oblong, or obovoid, 15.20 x 25.10 u (average from 3 specimens examined), rounded above, rounded or narrowed below, slightly constricted at septum; wall light golden-brown,rather thick, 1.5-2.5 u, thickened at apex, 3-7 u, smooth; pedicel colorless, up to three times spore-length. (See Figs.

95 & 96); mesospores, not previously reported, found very abundant and to the exclusion of teliospores on a specimen on Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq., obovoid, 15.20 x 20.72 u, rounded above, narrowed below, pedicel colorless, about one and a half longer than spore.

(See Fig. 94).

On TILIACEAE:

Triumfetta sp., Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Honduras; Saint Thomas; Trinidad.

Triumfetta bartramia L. (Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.), Puerto Rico.

Triumfetta lappula L ., Puerto Rico.

Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq., Puerto Rico; Brazil; Costa Rica; Dominican Republic.

Type Locality:

Cuernavaca, Mexico, on Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. 138

Distribution:

On Triumfetta sp.:

Indiera Baja, P. R. F>' J. Seaver & C. E. Chardon ---- Jan. 24 to Apr. 5, 1923.

Maricao, along road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 7, 1916.

Mayaguez, La Jagua, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 1-8, 1916.

RioPiedras, P. R. J. R. Johnston June 27, 1913.

On Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.:

Guaynabo, Reservoir Road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 23, 1924.

Mayaguez, Km. 6, Hra. 5, Leguisamo, shady-rainy, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 22, 1959.

Yabucoa, Mountains, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 2, 1924.

Yauco-Lares Road, Rio Prieto, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 20, 1924.

Uredo hameliae Arth.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, loosely grouped on indefinite, slightly paler spots, 1-1.5 cm across, applanate, round, 0.2-0.6 mm in diameter, pale cinnamon-brown; urediospores globoid or obovoid, 25.34 x 30.41 u

(one specimen examined); wall pale-yellow, thin, 1 u, distinctly and moderately echinulate, the pores possibly 2 and equatorial obscure.

(See Fig. 97). On RUBIACEAE:

Hamelia patens Tacq. (Hamelia erecta Tacq.), Puerto Rico; Costa Rica.

Type Locality;

Lajas# Puerto Rico, on Hamelia patens Tacq.

Distribution on Hamelia patens Tacq.:

Ciales Road, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 20, 1924.

Lajas, P. R. (Type locality).

Mayaguez, Km. 1, Hm. 6, Miradero, shady-rainy, P. R. ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 22, 1959.

Uredo portoricensis sp. nov. L. A. Roure

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, scattered or in small groups, in discolored spots, ruptured epidermis conspicuous, ovate, 0.2 x 0.5 mm, pale cinnamon- brown; urediospores obovate, 24.61 x 26.93 u (average of 5 spores ex­ amined); wall pale yellow, thick, 2.90 u, with prominent longitudinal ridges, the pores indistinct. (Fig. 98).

On URTICACEAE:

Pilea parietaria (L.) Blume, Puerto Rico.

Type Locality:

Mayaguez, Puerto Rico on Pilea parietaria (L.) Blume.

Distribution:

Mayaguez, Barrio Juan Alonso, Road 105 P. R ., Km. 5,Hm. 8, P. R.—-L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 29, 1959. 140

Uromvces bldenticola (P. Henn.) Arth.

Klebahnia bldentis (P. Henn.) Arth.

Puccinla bldentis Diet. & Holw.

Uredo amaniensis P. Henn.

Uredo bldenticola P. Henn.

Uredo bldentis P. Henn.

Uromvces bldenticola Arth.

O. Pycnia amphigenous, numerous, in small groups, honey-yellow

becoming darker, globoid, 100-140 u in diameter; ostiolar filaments

few, 20-30 u long; pycniospores large, 5-7 u in diameter.

II. Uredia amphigenous, circinating about the pycnia or scattered

on indefinite, discolored spots, roundish, 0.2-0.8 mm across, rather tradily naked, pulverulent, cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis con­

spicuous; urediospores ellipsoid or obovoid, 22.60 x 28.28 u (average

of 18 specimens examined), sometimes slightly flattened with pores

in optical section; wall cinnamon-brown, variable in thickness,

1.5-3 u, moderately and distinctly echinulate, the pores 2, equatorial

or slightly superequatorial. (See Figs. 99, 100 & 101).

III. Telia amphigenous, usually hypophyllous, frequently crowded

or circinately confluent on pale, discolored spots, roundish, 0.2-1

mm across, early naked, pulvinate, light cinnamon-brown becoming 141 cinereous by germination, ruptured epidermis inconpsicraous; telio­ spores obovoid or oblong-clavate, 16-24 x 29-45 u, rounded above and slightly narrowed below; wall pale cinnamon-brown or color­ less, very thin, 1 u, thickened into a colorless umbo at apex,

5-10 u, smooth; pedicel colorless, once to twice length of spore, persistent.

On CARDUACEAE:

Bidens sp., Puerto Rico; Florida: Guatemala; M exico.

Bidens andicola, Ecuador.

Bidens cynapiifolia H. B. K., Puerto Rico.

Bidens expansa Greene, California.

Bidens heterophylla Ortega (Bidens arguata H. B. K.), Guatemala; Mexico.

Bidens holwayi Sherff & Blake, Guatemala.

Bidens pilosa L. (Bidens leucantha L.). Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Barbados; Bermuda; California; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Florida; Guatemala; Haiti; Hawaii; Jamaica; Martinque; Mexico; New Mexico; Nicaragua.

Bidens reptans G. Don, Puerto Rico.

Bidens squarrosa. H. B. K. (Bidens tereticaulis DC.. Bidens tereticaulis antiguensis Coult.), Costa Rica; Guatemala; Mexico.

Cosmos caudatus H. B. K., Puerto Rico; Jamaica. 142

Type Locality:

Ecuador, on Bidens andicola.

Exsicatti:

Barth. Fungi Columb. 4493, 4691, 4887; Barth. N. Am. Ured. 782, 783, 1686, 2484.

Distribution:

On Bidens sp.:

Manati, Middleton Grove, P. R. W. A. McCubbin ---- Jan. 25 , 1938.

On Bidens pilosa L.:

Barceloneta, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Apr. 5, 1916.

Barros, P. R. C. E. Chardon Aug. 1, 1920.

Cabo Rojo, Punt a Arenas Beach, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Oct. 10, 1959.

ex Puerto Rico, intercepted at San Juan, P. R. F. T. Kenworthy June 27, 1957.

Hormigueros, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Oliire ---- Mar. 11, 1916.

intercepted at San Juan, P. R. Ortiz Mar. 10, 1956.

Maricao, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Mar. 22, 1916.

Maricao, cemetery, P. R. Whetzel & Olive Mar. 25, 1916.

Maricao, Monte del Estado Km. 15, mountainous-rainy, P. R . L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 26, 1959. 143 Mayaguez, Miradero, Km. 2, Hm. 7, shady-rainy/ P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado-:—Aug. 22, 1959.

Mayaguez, Road $105, P. R., Km. 2, Hm. 1, Barrio Limon, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 29, 1959.

Naguabo, Preston's Ranch, P. R. J. A. Stevenson ---- March 24, 1917.

RioPiedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Mar. 1918.

San German, P. R. --- H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Apr. 1, 1916.

San Juan (near to), P. R. J. U. Rose Oct. 1916.

Tanama River Valley, P. R.— H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Apr. 7, 1916.

Yauco, railroad east of it, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive— Mar. 3, 1916.

On Bidens reptans G. Don

Rincon, Road #413 Punta Rincon, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado— Nov. 14, 1959.

Uromvces bidentis Lagerh.

Caeomurus bidentis Kuntze

Teleutospora bidentis (Lagerh.) Arthur & Bisby

Uromvces bidentis Lagerh.

Uromvces densus Arth. 144

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Urediospores, not reported before, obovate, 21.72 x 26.06 u (average of 4 specimens examined), sparsely and evenly echinulate. (See Fig.

102).

III. Telia hypophyllous, numerous, in small circinating groups on roundish, discolored spots 1-4 mm across, sometimes confluent, roundish or oval, 0.1-1 mm across, the central sorus largest, surrounded by the smaller ones, early naked, compact, pulvinate, dull cinnamon-brown, becoming waxy-cinereous from germination, surrounding epidermis in­ conspicuous; teliospores obovoid or oblong, 21.36 x 32.22 u (average of

2 specimens examined), rounded or narowed above, narrowed below; wall pale cinnamon-brown, thin, 1 u, thicker above, 4-9 u, smooth; pedicel hyaline, once or twice length of spore. (See Fig. 103).

On CARDUACEAE:

Bidens andicola, Ecuador.

Bidens pilosa L. (Bidens leucantha (L.) W illd.), Puerto Rico; California; Ecuador; Florida; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Trinidad.

feidens squarrosa H. B. K. (Bidens antiguensis Coult., Bidens tereticaulis DC.), Costa Rica.

Type Locality:

Ecuador, on Bidens andicola.

Distribution on Bidens pilosa L. :

Espinosa, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Oct. 5, 1915. 145

Maricao, cemetery, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Mar. 25, 1916.

Naguabo, Preston’s Farm, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Mar. 24, 1917.

Palo Seco, Plantaje, P. R .-—J. A. Stevenson—-Feb. 3, 1916.

Santurce, P. R. F. L. Stevens Jan. 22, 1913.

Villalba, Finca Limon, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro—-June 14, 1924.

Yauco, Finca Maria, P. R. H. H. Whetzel , F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 16, 1924.

Uromvces dolicholi Arth.

Nigredo dolicholi Arth.

Puccinia dolicholi Arth.

Uredo pamparum Speg.

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. Uredia amphigenous, scattered, round, 0 . 2 - 0 . 5 mm across, soon naked, pale cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis incon­ spicuous; urediospores globose, 2 0 . 0 0 x 2 1 . 3 6 u (average of 16 speci­ mens examined); wall cinnamon-brown, 1 . 5 - 2 u thick, minutely and closely echinulate, the pores 4 , ecuatorial. (See Figs. 104, 105 5c 106).

III. Telia amphigenous, scattered, round,0.2-0.5 mm across, soon naked, cinnamon-brown, pulverulent, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; teliospores oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 10-15 x 26-32 u, narrowed toward both ends; wall pale golden-brown, smooth, thin, 1 u or less, thicker at

apex, 3-6 u; with a nearly colorless umbo; pedicel slender, half length

of spores, nearly colorless. 146

On FABACEAE:

Caianus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Caianus indicus Sprena.. Cajan cajan_(L.) M illsp.), Puerto Rico; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Florida; Formosa; Haita; Liberia; Mauritius; Nicaragua; Saint Croix; Saint Thomas; Texas; Trinidad; Venezuela.

Rhynchosia minima DC. (Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medic.), Puerto Rico.

Rhynchosia reticulata DC. (Dolicholus reticulatus (Sw.) M illsp.), Puerto Rico; Cuba; Saint Croix; Saint Thomas.

Rhynchosia texanaT. & G. (Dolicholus texanus (T. & G.) Vail), Texas.

Type Locality:

San Angelo, Texas, on Rhynchosia texana T. & G.

Distribution:

On Caianus cajan (L.) Millsp.:

Barros Road, near gold mine, P. R. Seaver & Chardon ---- Jan. 24, to Apr. 5, 1923.

Bayamon, P. R. Seaver & Chardon Jan. 24 to Apr. 5, 1923.

Campo Alegre, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Dec. 22, 1919.

Corozal, P. R. Mills & Anderson Jan. 31, 1931.

ex Puerto Rico intercepted at San Juan, P. R. F. T. Kenworthy June 2, 1957.

Guayanilla, P. R. F. L. Stevens Jan. 4, 1913.

Guaynabo, Demonstration Farm, P. R . H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 12, 1924.

Juncos, P. R. Faxon & Anderson Jan. 25, 1932.

Manati, P. R. F. L. Stevens Nov. 5, 1913.

Mayaguez, P. R. F. Rodriguez Oct 27, 1913. 147

Mayaguez, Road #105 P. R., Km. 5, Hm. 8, Barrio Juan Alonso, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Aug. 29, 1959.

Mayaguez, Yard, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive ---- Feb. 28, 1916.

Rio Piedras, P. R. J. A. Stevenson Apr. 5, 1916.

Rosario, P. R. F. L. Stevens &W. E. Hess Oct. 27, 1913.

On Rhynchosia minima DC.:

Guanica, P. R. H. H. Whetzel & E. W. Olive Mar. 30, 1916.

Puerto Rico Seaver & Chardon Jan. 24 to Apr. 5, 1923.

On Rhynchosia reticulata DC.:

Vega Baja, Demonstration Farm, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro June 27, 1924.

Vieques Island, P. R. H. H. Whetzel, F. D. Kern, & R. A. Toro July 18, 1924.

Uromvces leptodermus Svd.

Nigredo leptoderma (Syd.) Arth.

Puccinia (?) panicicola Arth.

Uredo isachnes Syd.

Uredo panici Arth.

Uredo panici-maximl Rangel

Uredo panici -prostrati Svd.

Uredo setariae-italicae Diet.

Uromvces leptodermus Syd.

Uromvces niteroyensis Rangel 148

Uromvces setariae-italicae Yoshlno

O and I. Pycnia and aecia unknown.

II. . Uredia amphigenous, scattered, oval, 0.1-0.3 mm x 0.2-0.4 mm,

soon naked, pulverulent, dark cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis noticeable; urediospores broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, 23.17 x 26.79 u

(one specimen examined), wall dark cinnamon-brown, rather thin, 1.5 u,

closely and strongly echinulate-verrucose with blunt points, the pores

usually 3 or 4, sometimes only 2, equatorial. (See Fig. 107).

III, Telia amphigenous, scattered, very small and inconspicuous,

punctiform, about 0.2-0.4 mm long, subepidermal, blackish; teliospores

subgloboid or angular-globoid, 16-20 x 19-26 u; wall cinnamon-brown,

rather thin, 1-1.5 u, thick, uniform, smooth; pedicel hyaline, slender,

about length of spore or less.

On POACEAE:

Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitchc. (Panicum divaricatum L.). Mona Island (Puerto Rico); Puerto Rico.

Lasiacis liqulata Hitchc. & Chase, Puerto Rico.

Lasiacis ruscifolia (H. B. K.) Hitchc. (Panicum liebmannianum Fourn.), Puerto Rico (New host for Puerto Rico); Guatemala.

Lasiacis sloanei (Griseb.) Hitchc. (Panicum sloanei Griseb.), Puerto Rico.

Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) Hitchc. & Chase (Lasiacis swartziana Hitchc., Panicum sorghoideum Desv., Panicum lanatum Sw.). Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Saint Croix.

Panicum amarulum Hitchc. & Chase, Florida; Virginia.

Panicum amarum Ell., Florida. 149

Panicum barbinode Trin. (Panicum molle Auct.). Puerto Rico; Cuba; Dominican Republic; El Salvador; Florida; Guatemala; Mexico; Panama; Saint Croix.

Panicum fasciculatum Sw ., Panama.

Panicum maximum Tacq., Florida.

Panicum parvlfolium Lam.. Puerto Rico.

Type Locality:

Dehra Dun, India, on Panicum javanicum.

Exsiccati:

Barth. Fungi Columb. 2671. Barth. N. Am. Ured. 857.

Distribution on Lasiacis ruscifolia H. B. K.:

Maricao, Monte del Estado, mountainous-rainy, P. R. ---- L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 26, 1959.

Uromyces proeminens poinsettiae (Tranz.) Arth.

Aecidium (Caeoma) euphorbiae-hypericifoliae Schw.

Aecidium euphorbiarum chamaesycis Dubv

Caeoma (Aecidiuml euphorbiae-hypericifoliae Schw.

Caeomurus euphorbiae Kuntze

Nigredo euphorbiae-hypericifoliae Arth.

Nigredo proeminens Arth.

Nigredo proeminens (DC.) Arth.

Trichobasis euphorbiaecola Berk. & Curt.

Uredo euphorbicola De-Toni

Uredo proeminens DC.

Uromvces chamaesycis Sacc. 150

Uromvces ellisianus P. Henn.

Uromvces euphorbiae Cooke & Peck

Uromvces euphorbiae minor Arth.

Uromvces euphorbiae subcircinatus Ell. & Ev.

Uromvces euphorbiicola Tranz.

Uromvces macounianus Ell. & Ev.

Uromvces mvristica Berk. & Curt.

Uromvces poinsettiae Tranz.

Uromvces proeminens (DC.) Pass. •>

Uromvces proeminens Pass.

Uromvces pulvinatus Kalchb. & Cooke

0 . Pycnia hypophyllous, widely scattered among the aecia, rather few, punctiform, honey-yellow becoming brownish, globoid, 130-145 u in diameter; ostiolar filaments up to 65 u long.

1. Aecia chiefly hypophyllous, from an unlimited mycelium, usually occupying all of the under surface of the affected leaves, evenly and often densely scattered, short, cupulate, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter; peridium somewhat recurved, finely lacerate; peridial cells rhomboidal, somewhat overlapping, 13-19 x 18-25 u, the outer wall rather thick,

4-7 u, transversely striate, smooth, the inner wall thinner, about 3 u, somewhat striate, finely verrucose; aeciospores globoid or broadly ellipsoid, 12-16 x 15-19 u; wall pale-yellow or colorless, thin, 1 u, finely and densely verrucose. 151

II. Uredia amphigenous, scattered or sometimes in annular or crowded groups, roundish, 0.4-1 mm across, early naked, pulvinate, pulverulent,

cinnamon-brown, ruptured epidermis not conspicuous; urediospores

globoid or broadly ellipsoid, 17.38 x 18.10 u (one specimen examined); wall pale golden-brown, rather thin, about 1.5-2 u, moderately and

sparsely echinulate, the pores 3-6, scattered. (See Fig. 108).

III. Telia amphigenous, scattered or sometimes in annular groups,

roundish, 0.4-1 mm across, early naked, pulvinate, somewhat pulveru­

lent, dark chocolate-brown, ruptured epidermis not conspicuous; telio­

spores broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, 15.93 x 21.72 u (one specimen

examined), usually rounded at both ends; wall cinnamon-brown, rather

thin, 1.5 fi, with a lighter-colored, flattish or conical papilla over the

germ-pore, moderately verrucose with papillae scattered or sometimes

arranged in more or less evident longitudinal rows; pedicel hyaline,

short, deciduous. (See Fig. 109).

A cosmopolitan and somewhat variable species, which has been

shown by cultures to possess strongly marked races, treated by some

authors as species. These races, so far as known, are four and

correspond to the host genera.

On EUPHORBIACEAE: (Uromvces proeminens poinsettiae (Tranz.) Arth.):

Poinsettia barbellata (Engelm.) Small (Euphorbia barbellata Engelm.) New Mexico.

Poinsettia cuphusperma (Boiss.) Small (Euphorbia cuphusperma). Arizona; New Mexico. 152

Poinsettia cvathophora (Murr.) Kl. & Garcke. (Euphorbia cyathophora) , Puerto Rico; Florida.

Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Small (Euphorbia dentata Michx.), Colorado; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Mexico; Missouri; Nebraska; New Mexico; Ohio; Oklahoma; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Virginia; West Virginia.

Poinsettia heterophvlla (L.) Kl. & Garcke (Euphorbia heterophvlla L.). Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Cuba; Florida; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Jamaica; Kansas; Mexico; Mississippi; Missouri; Texas.

Poinsettia strigosa (H. & A.) Arth. (Euphorbia strigosa H. &A.), M exico.

Zvgophvllidium biformis (S. Wats.VArth. (Euphorbia biformis S. W ats.), Mexico.

Zyqophvllidium bilobatum (Engelm.) Standi. (Euphorbia bilobatus Engelm.), New Mexico.

Zyqophvllidium hexaqonum (Nutt.) Small (Euphorbia hexaqona Nutt.), Nebraska.

Type Locality:

France, on Euphorbia sp.

Exsiccati: (For the 4 races):

Carleton, Ured. Am. 18; Ell. & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 1820, 3045, 3046; Ell. & Ev. Fungi Columb. 337, 338, 1503, 1602, 1694, 1791, 1792, 1991, 1992, 2093, 2094, 2183; Barth. Fungi Columb. 2695, 2893, 2989, 3090, 3292, 3293, 3394, 3594; Barth. N. Am. Ured. 88, 89, 188; Sydow, Ured. 1051, 1152, 1153, 1256; 1352; 1503; 1853; Kellerm. Ohio Fungi 36, 98, 160; D. Griff. W. Am. Fungi 79, 352; Clements, Crypt. Form. Colo. 529, 531; Seym. & Earle, Econ. Fungi 383, 384, 385 a, ]?, 386 a, b; Brenckle, Fungi Dak. 71, 119; Garrett, Fungi Utah. 148, 175; Thum. Myc. Univ. 947; Ell., N. Am. Fungi 236; Rav. Fungi Am. 484, 492; Rab. -Wint. -Paz. Fungi Eur. 3925 a, b; Rab.-Wint. Fungi Eur. 3009; Rab.-Paz. Fungi Eur. 4232. 153

Distribution on Poinsettia heterophvlla (L.) Kl. & Gracke:

Lajas, Road #4, Km. 26, mountainous-arid, P. R. L. A. Roure & J. O. Bado Sept. 12, 1959. 154

P lata I .

\ Fig. 1.AngioDsora phakoosoroides (Arth Fig. 2.AnglQPBOr» zoaa Maine. , r fe M ains)ns teYlospores ------uredioaporaa. ______

Pig. 1-Anflmuiora nene Mains. , Fig. t . Angiopaora aeae Malna. , uredioaporaa. uradioaporea.

13). 155

P la te I I .

Fig* 5*Coleosporium donlngense (Derk.) Arth • , ured uredlVsporos* i os'pores ______

‘i

I

•j

i I ! I

Fig. 6.Coleoaporlua donlngenae (Berk.) F ig . 7 iColeoBPorlum domtngense (Berk.) Arth. ,teliospore. A rth. tellospore.

13p 156

P la te I I I .

<

!i(C C tr « 0*J

O.Colepaporiuw dodngenae (Berk.) ?ig« 9•Gpleoapor1urn domingenae (Berk.) Arth. ,urediospores. Arth. .urediospores. ______

.) Fig. ll.Q olew orm a do«dngqnaa(Berk.) (B#rk Arth. juredloaporea. ______P late IT.

Pig. 12.Coleoeporlua elephantop odle Pig. l l.Coleoaporluin clephantoporii (Schw.) Thua. .uredloaporee. ______(Schw.) Thum. .u re d io s p o re s . ______

Pig. u.coit9»p«J.Ba Fig. 15.Q0)AB|BScya (Schw.) Thua. ,uredioapore».______(Schw.) Thm». .u red io ep o ree. P la ta V.

Fig. 16.CoXeosnorlura jpomoeae (Schw.) Burr, .uredloapores.

ColeoBPorlma lpnnoaae Fig. la.ColeopporliM lEOgyja Burr. , trradioaporaa. (3chw«) Bun?• j undloiportt* P la te T I. 160

Plata YI1.

P ig . 20-RndonhYTIiim c lrc u n a c rlp tu a (Schw.) Whets. & Olive, telloaporea. ______

telloaporea. ______161

Plat* T ill.

I

Fig. gl.Phakopaora latrophlcola Flg. ZA.pgkopaorg .latrophlcola (Arth.) Sunmlna, uredloaporea. (Arth.) Cummins. ,uredioaporea«

Fig. 25.Phakopaora .latrophlcola (Arth) Cmanlna. ,uredloaporea~

JJe. 162

P la ta IX

P ig . 2'!7.PuaSlnll canallculata (8ehw. ) Lagfi. ^ uredloaporee. 163

P la te I .

Fig. 3Q.Pucclnla cenchrl Diet, k Fig. 31.Pucclnla cenchrl Piet. k Holw. ,uredloaporeB. ______Holw. .uredlJloeporea. 164

P late XI.

Fig. ll.Pueelnla chrvaantheml Rose. Fig. 3A.Pucclnla dlchronenae (Arth.) uredloaporea. ___ Jacka. .uredloaporea. ______

Fig. 3?.Pucelnla dlchrowenaa (Arth.) Fig. 36.PueelBla dlchr pawnee (Arth.) Jacka. .uredloaporea. Jacka. .uredloaporea. ' i* ' 165

P la t* X II.

Fig. 37.Puccini* hellconlae (Diet.) Arth. ,uredloaporea.

P ig . 38 .P ujucclnla hellconlae (Diet.) Ar t h . .teilloaporea. : P la t* X III

F ig . 39.P u £cln i£ hcteroapora Berk ;• itO.P u ccln la heteroapora Berk & Curt* >telloaporea*______lurt # .roeaoaporea» ______P l a t e XIV.

Fig. f i.Pucdnla heteroapora Berk Fig. 44.Pucclnla !heteroanora__ Berl k C u rt, .m esoaporea.______■J- Curt, .meaoaporea

heteroapora Berk Fig. 46.Puecl.nle heteroapora Berk at Curt. tneaoeporea. P la te XV. FV •

S ' - V ; . : 1

Fig. J.7.Pucclnla heteroapora Berk. Fig. hg.Pucelnla heteroapora Berk. ». Curt. ,tellosporea. _t Curt, .tieaoaporaa. ___

F ig . 50.1 (C u rt.) Tracy ft W x*. , Fig. t9.PttcelnU Berk. 4. Curt. (Maoaporea. ___ •_<______P la te XVI

Fig* 5l*Pucclnla lantanae Farl Fig. S2.Pucclnla lantanae Farl telloaporea* mesospores*

Fig* 54»Pucclnla lantanae Farl

Fig. 53*Pucclnla lantanae Farl* t neeosporee* Plate XVII.

Fig. 55.Pucclnla leonotldle (P.Henn.) Fig. 56.Pueclnl« leonotldle (P.Henn.) Arth. .uredloaporea. Arth. ,uredloaporea. ______

FfQHHiFig. 5«.£aESAai* itdlloiport* leptoehloee Arth. , n g. 57.Pueelnla leptoehl— Arth. ft Fro— . ,»>e»o»pore«.______Fig. 59.Pucclnla leptochloae Arth. 4 Fig. 6Q.Pucclnla levia (Sacc. 4 B ln . Fro ii. ,telloapore. ______Magn. , u redloaporea.

F ig . le r ia (Sacc. 4 Blaa.) Magn. , uredloaporea. Fig. 61.Pucolala laria (3aee. 4 Bin.) Kaga. ,uredloaporea. Up P la ta XU.

i

Fig. 6l.Pucclnla levla (Sacc. & Biaz.) Fig. fik.Pucclnla levla (Sacc. & Biea.) Magn. , uredloaporea. ______Magn. t uredloaporea. ^ ___

Fig. 66.Pntclnla lerla (Saee. * Biaa.) Magn. .uredloaporaa. Fig. 6S.Puaelnla laria (Saea. It M il.) Magn. .uredloaporea. 173

P la te XX

D ie t. &

Fig. 67.Puccinia lei Magn. .uredloaporea

D ie t, k ’ Lrth 174

P la te XXI.

Fig. 71.Pucclnla purpurea Cke. uredloBPoree.

Fig. 72.Pucclnla purpurea Cke. Fig* 7 l.Pucdnla purpurea Cke. urediospores* uredloaporea* 175

Plate XXII.

F ig . 7 L .Pucclnla purpurea Cke Fig. 7S.Pucclnla purpurea Cke uredloaporea. ______uredloaporea. ______

Fig. 76.Pucclnla purpurea Cke Fig. 77.Pucclnla aorghl 3chw, uredioaporoa. uredloaporea.

I3y Plate XXIII.

Fig. 78.Pucclnla subatrlata Ell. Fig. 79.Pucclnla subatrlata Ell. k Barth. ,uredloaporea. k Barth, .uredloaporea. ______

Fig. 81.Pucclnla subatrlata KL1. k Barth. (uredloaporea. F ig . BO.Puccini* s u b a trla ta E ll. It B arth, .u red lo ap o rea. ' i? ' 177

Plate XOT.

Pig. 82.Pucclnla aubatriata Ell Fig. 83.Pucclnla gttfrgtrlftta E ll tc Barth, .telloaporea. _____ ic Barth, .ureaioaporea. ______

m S & i f m

d i k ? ) 178

t P la te XXV.

I

dc<4»Vic*c ct o u d ,Jiooo V V' LC* * L. * * U A ° * a I » « . < , cu t'uvo'> , o 1^4*.'V^ut,w o y. £j'wiir vu<^* a -?£*/

Fig. 86.Pucclnla aubatrlata Ell Fig. 87.Pucclnla subatrlata Ell & Barth, ,aecioaporea. fc Barth. ,uredloaporea. _____

Fig. 88.Pucclnla aubatrlata Ell Fig. 89.Pucclnla aubatrlata Ell fc Barth. ,uredloaporea. 4; Barth._ jUrediraaporea.

IV 179

Plate XXVI.

Pig. 90.Pucclnla tagetlcola Met Fig. 91.Pucclnla urbanlana P.Henn telicspores. ""

92«EuccinJa urbanlana P.Haxm. f ie g a g 1"^ P.He«n, •lloaporna, 1 jP late XXVII

| Pig. 94*Puccinloalra pallldula (Speg.) 1 Lagerh. .meaoaporea•

*sft 9 3 Sa." m *1‘(Sw-’ 181

Plate XXVIII.

Fig. 97.Urcdo hamellae Arth. , Fig. 9fi.Uredo portoricenala ep. ncrv ureciiosporee. L.A.Rcure. .uredloaporea.

13p P la te I X 1 X .

Fig. 99.Bromycea bldentlcola (P.Henn) Arth. .uredloaporea. ____

Fig. lO l.Uronycea b ldentlcola (P.Henn) Arth* | urto io sp o n si r ig . 1UO,Uromccs b id o n tico l^ (PtH^nn) hrthm jUi-cdloapoFee* __ i?p . P la te XXI.

P ig . 10 2 .UromvceBb ld e n tla Lngerh. , Fig. 103.l)ropnreea bldentla Lagerh. , uredloaporea. ______telloaporea. ______

Pig. lOS.Urowrcea dollcholl Arth. uredloaporea. Pig. lO l.UroTcea dollcholl Krtb. , uredloaporea. ______. 13e ... 184

P la te H U

Kig* 106«1!romvceB dollcholl Arth is leptodenwus 3yd urodloapore8« ____

13a PLATE XXXII

Fig. la. Distribution of Angiospora phakopsoroides (Arth. & Mains) Mains on Olvra latifolia L. (■); Angiopsora zeae Mains on Zea mays L. (*)

Fig. 2a. Distribution of Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria alba L. (■); on Plumeria krugii Urban. (*).

Fig. 3a. Distribution of Coleosporium dominqense (Berk.) Arth. on Plumeria obtusa1 L. (■); on Plumeria rubra L. (*).

•^Found on Mona Island, P. R. A roci bo Son Joan

Jwon

• h PLATE XXXIII

Fig. 4a. Distribution of Coleosporium elephantopodis (Schw.) Thum. on Elephantopus mollis H. B. K. (■).

Fig. 5a. Distribution of Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr. on Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (■); on Ipomoea rubra (Vahl.) Millsp. (*); on Tacguemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. (* ).

Fig. 6a. Distribution of Desmella superflcialis (Speg.) Svd. on Adiantum cristatum L. (■). t

• h

Sm Juan

• Hi PLATE XXXIV

Fig .7a. Distribution of Endophvllum circumscriptum (Schw.) Whetzel & Olive on Cissus sicvoides L. (■').

Fig. 8a. Distribution of Endophyllum decoloratum (Schw.) Whetz. & Olive on Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC. (■); on Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. (*).

Fig. 9a. Distribution of Phakopsora jatrophicola (Arth.) Cummins on Jatropha curcas L. (■); on Jatropha gossypifolia L. (*). •H'

A r«clb« S«n Jvan

• Hi

• H i

90v«' PLATE XXXV

Fig. 10a. Distribution of Puccinla canaliculata (Schw.) Lagh. on Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich. (■); Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn. on Canna coccinea Ait. (*).

Fig. 11a. Distribution of Puccinia cenchri Diet. & Holw. on Cenchrus echinatus L. (■); Puccinia chrysanthemi (Roze) Arth. on Chrysanthemum frutescens L. (*).

Fig. 12a. Distribution of Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Tackson on Dichromena sp. (■); on Dichromena ciliata Vahl. (*); on Dichromena radicans Cham. & SchL (A ). • Hi

San Juan

• Hi

• Hi PLATE XXXVI

Fig. 13a. Distribution of Puccinia heliconiae (Diet.) Arth. on Bihai borinquena Griggs (■); on Heliconia spp. (*).

Fig. 14a. Distribution of Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt. on Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet (■); on Sida glomerata Cav. (*); on Sida hederaefolia Cav. (a ).

Fig. 15a. Distribution of Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt. on Sida humilis Cav. (■); on Sida procumbens Sw. (*). Son Joon

A r«clbo Son Jvon

♦ Mi

A r ocI bo

O h, PLATE XXXVII

Fig. 16a. Distribution of Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, on Sida urens L. (■); on Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. E. Fries (*); on W issadula periploclfolia (L.) Thwaites (A ).

Fig. 17a. Distribution of Puccinia hyptidis (Curt.) Tracy & Earle on Hyptis capitata (L.) Jacq. (■); Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana camara L. (*); Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana involucrata L. (*).

Fig. 18a. Distribution of Puccinia leonotidis (P. Henn.) Arth. on Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br. (■); Puccinia leptochloae Arth. & Fromme on Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. (*). A r«cl Sen Jwan

Pone* PLATE XXXVIII

Fig. 19a. Distribution of Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Manisuris sp. (■); on Panicum fasciculatum Swartz. (*); on Panicum trichoides Sw. (*).

Fig. 20a. Distribution of Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Paspalum spp. (■);! on Paspalum fimbrlatum H. B. K. (*); on Paspalum millegrana Schrad. (A).

Fig. 21a. Distribution of Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. on Paspalum schreberiaenum ("); on Rytilix granular!s (L.) Skeels (*); on Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc. (A).

*Found in Mona Island. • Hi

•o<

• Hi PLATE XXXIX

Fig. 22a. Distribution of Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw. on Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Schultz-Bip. (■); on Synedrella nodlflora (L.) Gaertn. (*).

Fig. 23a. Distribution of Puccinia proximella Arth. on Lactuca intybacea Jacq. (■).

Fig. 24a. Distribution of Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Gramineae (■■); on Holcus halepensis L. (*). • Hi

S«n Jw«n

• H i

»»«• PLATE XL.

Fig. 25a. Distribution of Puccinia purpurea Cooke on Holcus sorghum L. (■); on Holcus sorghum sudanensis (Piper) H itchc. (*); on Sorghum spp. ( A ).

Fig. 26a. Distribution of Puccinia sorghi Schw. on Zea mays L. (■); Puccinia sub striata Ell. & Barth, on Chaetochloa geniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase (*); Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth. on Eriochloa polystachya H. B. K. (A).

Fig. 27a. Distribution of Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Panicum pallens (Sw.) Munrov (■); on Paspalum pani- culatum L.) (*); on Paspalum virgatum L. (*). A re«|be

*Hi

Sen Jtion

#Hi PLATE XII"

Fig. 28a. Distribution of Puccinia substiata Ell. & Barth, on Solanum spp. (■); on Solanum melongena (L.) (*); on Solanum torvum Sw. ( A ).

Fig. 29a.- Distribution of Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth, on Syntherlsma digitata (Sw.) Hitchc. (■); on Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees (*); on Valota insularis (L.) Chase (A).

Fig. 30a. Distribution of Puccinia tageticola Diet. & Holw. on Tagetes erecta L. (■); Puccinia urbanlana P. Henn. on Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. (*); Puccinia urbanlana P. Henn. on Stachytarpheta strigosa Vahl. (*). • Hi

Sen Juan

• Mi

Pone*

San J u a n PLATE XLII

Fig. 31a. Distribution of Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh. on Triumfetta s p . (■); on Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. (*).

Fig. 32a. Distribution of Uredo hameliae Arth. on Hamelia patens Jacq. (■); Uredo portoricensis sp. nov. L. A. Roure on Pilea parietaria (L.) Blume. (*).

Fig. 33a. Distribution of Uromvces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth. on Bidens sp. (■); on Bidens pilosa L. (*); on Bidens reptans G. Don ( A ). A r«<|b*

• Hi

F«n<«

Juan

• H. PLATE XLIII

Fig. 34a. Distribution of Uromvces bidentis Lagerh. on Bidens pilosa L. (■);.

Fig. 35 a. Distribution of -Uromvces dolicholi Arth. on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (■); on Rhynchosia minima DC. (*); on Rhynchosia reticulata DC. ( A).

Fig. 36a. Distribution of Uromyces leptodermus Syd. on Lasiacis ruscifolia H. B. K. (■); Uromvces proeminens poinsettiae (Tranz.) Arth. on Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) KL & Gracke (*). tAf wad i 11

San Juan

#Hi

• o Pane*

A r•< i bo HOST INDEX

Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Abutilon indicum (L.l Sweet

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Abutilon umbellatum fL.) Sweet

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Acacia riparia H. B. K.

Ravenelia stevensii Arth.

*Adiantum cristatum L.

Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Syd.

Adiantum latifolium Lam.

Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Syd.

Aeschynomene amerlcana L.

Phakopsora (?) aeschynomensis Arth.

Ageratum conyzoides L.

Puccinia conoclinii Seym.

Aklema petiolare (Sims) Millsp. = Euphorbia petiolaris Sims

Puccinia velata (Ell. & Ev.)Arth.

*New host for D. superficialis (Speg.) Syd.

197 198

Alchornea latifolia Sw.

Olivea capituliformis (P. Henn.) Arth.

Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.

Puccinia heterosoora Berk. & Curt.

Andropogon brevifolius Sw. = Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees.

Puccinia venustula Arth. = Puccinia kaembachii (P. Henn.) Arth.

Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B. S. P.

Puccinia ellisiana Thuem. = Dicaeoma m arie-w ilsoni (Peck) Arth. & Fromme

Anthacanthus spinosus (Jacq.) Nees.

Uromvces anthacanthi Jacks.

Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engler

Uredo anthurii (Har.) Sacc.

Arachis hypogaea L.

Puccinia arachidis Speg. = Uromyces arachidis (Speg.) P. Henn.

Artocarpus communis Forst.

Uredo artocarpi Berk. & Br.

Asclepias curassavica L.

Puccinia concrescens Ell. & Ev.

Uromyces asclepiadis (Schw.) Cke. = Uromyces fifowei Peck

Asclepias nivea L.

Puccinia concrescens Ell. & Ev. Axonopus compressus (Swartz) Beauv.

Angiopsora compressa Mains.

Puccinia tubulosa (Pat. & Gaill.) Arth.

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.

Puccinia ignavaArth. = Uredo iqnava Arth. - Uredo paspalicola P. Henn.

Bauhinia monandra Kurz.

Uromyces jamaicensis Vesterg.

Bauhinia pauletia Pers.

Uromyces jamaicensis Vesterg.

Bidens_spp.,

Uromyces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth.

Bidens cynapiifolia H. B. K.

Uromyces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth.

Bidens pilosa L. = Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd.

Uromyces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth.

Uromyces bidentis Lagerh.

Bidens reptans G. Don.

Uromyces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth.

Bihai borinquena Griqq s . = Bihai bihai (L.) Griggs.

Puccinia heliconiae (Diet.) Arth.

Bixa orellana L.

Uredo bixae Arth. Blechnum occidentale L.

Milesia australis Arth. f. irregularis Faull.

Blechum brownei (Sw.) Juss. = Blechum blechum (L„) Mililsp.

Puccinia ruelliae (Berk. & Br.) Lagerh.

Bletia patula Hook

Uredo nigroouncta P. Henn.

Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb.

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Borreria verticillata (L.) Meyer

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Uredo borreriae (P. Henn.) Kern & Whet.

Bouteloua heterostegna (Trin.) Griffiths

Uredo chardoni Kern

Bouvardia spp.

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Buchenavia capitata (Vahl.) Eichl.

Uredo buchenaviae Kern & W het.

Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) DC.

Cronartium notatum (Arth.) Arth. & Johnston = Cros sops ora notata Arth.

Caesalpiniae spp.

Ravenelia caesalpiniae Arth. Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw. = Poinciana pulcherrima L.

Ravengiia humphrevanaP. Henn.

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

Uromyces dolicholi Arth.

C alathea lutea (A.ubl.) Meyer.

Puccinia cannae (Wint.) p. Henn

Campelia zanonia (L.) H. B. K.

Uredo campeliae Kern & Whet.

Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.

Cerotelium canavaliae Arth.

Canavalia qladiata (Tacq.) DC.

Cerotelium canavaliae Arth.

Canna coccinea Ait.

Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn

Canna edulis Ker-Gawl.

Puccinia cannae (Wiht.) P. Henn

Canna generalis Bailey

Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn

Canna qlauca L.

Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn

Cardiospermum halicacabum L.

Puccinia arechavelatae Speg. 202

Cassia emarqinata L. = Isandriana emarqinata (L.) Britton & Rose.

Ravenelia portoricensis Arth.

Cassia fasciculata Michx.

Ravenelia cassiicola Atk „

Cattleva spp.

Uredo nigropuncta P. Henn.

Cavaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn.

Uromvces hellerianus Arth.

Cavaponia racemosa (Sw.) Cogn.

Uromvces hellerianus Arth.

Cenchrus echinatus L.

Puccinia cenchri Diet. & Holw.

Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. = Cenchrus carolinianus Walt.

Puccinia cenchri Diet. & Holw.

Cenchrus viridis Spreng.

Puccinia cenchri Diet. & Holw. •

Cerdana allidora R. & P. = Cordia alliodora Cham.

Puccinia cordiae (P. Henn „) Arth.

Cestrum spp.

Puccinia cestri Diet. & P. Henn.

Uromvces cestri (Mont.) Lev. Cestrum macrophvllum Vent.

Uromvces cestri (Mont.) Lev.

Chaetochloa qeniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chas. = Chaetochloa imberbis Scribn.

Puccinia sub striata Ell. & Barth.

Chaetochloa setosa (Sw.) Scribn. = Panicum setosum Sw.

Puccinia cameliae (Mayor) Arth.

Chamaecrista aeschynomene (DC.) Greene

Ravenelia cassiaecola Atk.

Chamaecrista swartzii (Wickstr.) Britton

Ravenelia cassiaecola Atk.

Chamaefistula antillana Britton & Rose

Uredo lutea Arth.

Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. var. grocumbens Boiss. = Euphorbia hirta L.

Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass.

Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp.

Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass.

Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small = Chamaesyce brasiliensis Small

Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass.

Chamaesyce nutans (Lagerh.) Small

Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass.

Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small

Uromvces proeminens (DC.) Pass. 204

Chamaesyce serpens (H. B. K.) Small

Uromvces proeminens fDC.l Pass.

*Chrvsanthemum frutescens L.

Puccinia chrvsanthemi Roze

Chrysophvllum cainito L.

Uredo amicosaArth.

Cissus sicvoides L.

Endophvllum circumscriptum (Schw.) Whet. & Olive

Clibadium erosum (Sw.) DC.

Endophvllum decoloratum (Schw.) Whet. & Olive i Clitoria caianifolia (Presl.) Benth. = Martiusia laurifolia (Poir.) Britton

Uromvces neurocarpi Diet.

Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. = Martiusia rubiginosa (Juss.) Britton

Uromyces neurocarpi Diet.

Clusia rosea Jacq.

Uredo clusiae Arth.

Coccoloba uvifera (L.) Jacq. = Coccolobis uvifera (L.) Jacq.

Uredo coccolobae P. Henn.

Uredo uviferae Syd.

Commelina elegans H. B. K.

Phakopsora tecta Jacks. & Holw.

Uromyces commelinae (Speg.) Cooke = Uredo commelyneae Kalchbr.

*New host for P. chrysanthemi Roze Commelina lonqicaulis Jacq.

Phakopsora tecta Tacks. & Holw.

Uromyces commelinae (Speg.) Cooke. ~ Uredo commelyneae Kalchbr.

Commelina virginica L.

Phakopsora tecta Jacks. & Holw.

Uromyces commelinae (Speg.) Cooke = Uredo commelyneae Kalchbr.

Cordia s p p .

Puccinia cordiae (P. Henn.) Arth.

Cosmos caudatus H. B. K.

Uromyces bidenticola (P. Henn.) Arth.

Uromvces bidentis Lagh.

Cracca cinerea (L.) Morong.

Ravenelia caulicola Arth.

Cuphea parsonsia R. Br. = Parsonsia parsonsia (L.) Britt.

Uredo cupheae P. Henn.

Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne

Uredo cupheae P. Henn.

Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers. = Bignonia aequinoctialis 1.

Puccinia aequinoctialis Holw.

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. = Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze

Puccinia cynodontis Lacroix ex Desm. Cvperus erticulatus L.

Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) Lagerh.

Cvnerus brunneus Sw.

/ Puccinia cyperi-taqetiformis (P. Henn.) Kern.

Cyperus cavennensis (Lam.) Britton.

Puccinia cyperiArth.

Cyperus distans L.

Puccinia cyperi-taqetiformis (P. Henn.) Kern

Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich.

Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) Lagh.

Cvperus qjqanteus Vahl.

Puccinia canaliculata (Schw.) Lagerh.

Cvperus laevigatus L.

Puccinia cyperi-taqetiform is (P. Henn.) Kern

Cyperus odoratus L.

Puccinia cyperi-tagetiform is (P. Henn.) Kern

Cyperus radiatus Vahl.

Puccinia cyperi-tagetiform is (P. Henn.) Kern

Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb.

Puccinia cyperi-tagetiformis (P. Henn.) Kern

Cvperus surinamensis Rottb.

Puccinia cyperi-taqetiform is (P. Henn.) Kern

Dennstaedtia rubiginosa (Kaulf.) Moore

Desmella superficlalis (Speg.) Syd. Desmodium incanum DC.

Phakopsora meibomiae Arth.

Desmodium supinum DC. = Meibomia _supina (Sw.) Britton

Phakopsora meibomiae Arth.

Dianthus carvphvllus L.

Uromvces carvophvllinus (Schrank) Wint.

Dichromena sp.

Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Jacks. = Uredo dichromenae Arth.

Dichromena ciliata Vahl.

Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Jacks. = Uredo dichromenae Arth.

Dichromena radicans Cham. & Schl.

Puccinia dichromenae (Arth.) Jacks. = Uredo dichromenae Arth.

Diaitaria sanauinalis (L.) Scop.

Puccinia oahuensis Ell. & Ey. (Previously reported as_P. sub striata Ell. & Barth., P. paspalicola (P. Henn.) Arth., or P. tubulosa (Pat. Gaill.) Arth.)

Diodia marltlma Thonn.

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Diodia rigida C. & S. = Diodella rigida (C. & S.) Small

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Dioscorea polygonoides H. & B.

Uredo dioscoreicola Kern. C if., & Thurston 208

Dolicholus reticulatus (Sw.) Millsp.

Uromvces dolicholi Arth.

Dolichos lablab L.

Phakopsora vignae (Bres.) Arth. = Phvsophella concors Arth.

Uromvces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. tvpicaArth.

Dorstenia contraierva L.

Uredo rubescens Arth.

Drvopterls dentata (Forsk) C. Chr. = Drvopteris mollis Hieron.

Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Syd.

Drvopteris poiteana (Bory) Urban

Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Syd.

Drvopteris subtetraqona (Link) Maxon

Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Syd.

Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) Blake

Puccinia eleocharidis Arth.

Eleocharis cellulosa Torr.

Puccinia liberta Kern

Eleocharis flaccida (Reichenb.) Urban

Puccinia liberta Kern

Eleocharis geniculata (L.).

Puccinia liberta Kern

Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) R. & S.

Uredo incomposita Kern Eleocharis mutata (L.) R. & S.

Puccinia liberta Kern

Elephantopus mollis H. B. K.

Coleosporium elephantopodis (Schw.) Thum.

Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Schultz-Bip.

Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw.

Emilia coccinea (Sims) Sweet

Puccinia emiliae P. Henn.

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.

Puccinia emiliae P. Henn.#

Epidendrum corymbosum Lindl. = Amphiglottis corymbosa (Lindl.) Britton

Uredo guacae Mayor

Epidendrum difforme Jacq. =Amphiglottis difformis (Jacq.) Britton

Uredo guacae Mayor

Epidendrum rigidum Jacq. = Spathiger rigidus (Jacq.) Small

Uredo guacae Mayor

Eragrostis capillaris (Michx.) Steud.

Uromyces eragrostidis Tracy

Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) Link

Uromyces eragrostidis Tracy

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud.

Uromyces eragrostidis Tracy Eragrostis tephrosanthos Schuit.

Uromvces eragrostidis Tracv

Eriochloa polvstachva H. B. K. = Eriochloa subglabra (Nash.) Hitchc.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Uromvces leptodermus Syd.

Emodea littoralis Sw .

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Ervthrina crista-galli L.

Dicheirinia binata (Berk.) Arth.

Ervthrina glauca W illd.

Dicheirinia binata (Berk.) Arth. = Uredo cabreriana Kern & Kellerm.

Ervthroxylon areolatum L.

Bubakia ervthroxvlonis (Graz.) Cumm. = Uredo ervthroxvlonis Graz.

Erythroxylon brevipes DC.

Bubakia erythroxylonis (Graz.) Cumm.

Eugenia jambos L. = Jambos jambos (L.) Millsp. = Jambos vulgaris DC.

Puccinia psidii Wint.

Eupatorium spp.

Coleosporium eupatorii Arth.

Eupatorium geraniifolium Urban = Osmia geraniifolia (Urban) Britton & Wilson

Puccinia conoclinii Seym. Eupatorium polvodon Urban

Puccinia conoclinii Sevm.

Eupatorium portoricensis Urban = Critonia portoricensis (Urban) Britton

Puccinia conoclinii Sevm.

Euphorbia pulcherrima W illd.

Uromvces proeminens (DC.) Pass, v

Evolvulus nummularius L.

Puccinia lithospermi Ell. & Kellerm. - Puccinia tuvutensis Speg.

Fevillea cordifolia L.

Uromvces hellerianus Arth.

Ficus carica L.

Physopella fici (Cast.) Arth. = Cerotelium fici (Butl.) Arth.

Ficus crassinervia Desf.

Physopella fici (Cast.) Arth. = Cerotelium fici (Butl.) Arth.

Ficus laevigata Vahl. = Ficus lentiginosa Vahl.

Physopella fici (Cast.) Arth. = Cerotelium fici (Butl.) Arth.

Fimbristvlis diphvlla (Retz) Vahl.

Puccinia fimbristylidis Arth.

Fimbristvlis ferruginea (L.) Vahl.

Puccinia superior Arth. = Uredo superior Arth. Fimbristvlis miliacea (L.) Vahl.

Puccinia fimbristvlidis Arth.

Fimbristvlis spadicea (L.) Vahl.

Puccinia superior Arth. = Uredo superior Arth.

Fuirena umbellata Rottb.

Puccinia fuirenicola Arth.

Gossvpium barbadense L.

Kuehneola gossypii Arth.

Gossvpium barbadense L.

Phakopsora desmium (Berk. & Br.) Cumm. = Cerotelium desmium (Berk. & Br.) Arth. = Aecidium desmium Berk. & Br.

Gossvpium brasiliense Macfad.

Phakopsora desmium (Berk. & Br.) Cumm. = Cerotelium desmium (Berk. & Br.) Arth. = Aecidium desmium Berk. & Br.

Gossypium hirsutum L.

Phakopsora desmium (Berk. & Br.) Cumm. = Cerotelium desmium (Berk. & Br.) Arth. - Aecidium desmium Berk. & Br.

Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urban = Gouania domingensis L.

Puccinia gouaniae Holw.

Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urban = Gouania domingensis L.

Puccinia invaginata Arth. & Johnston

Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urban

Puccinia gouaniae Holw. Gouania polygama (jacq.) Urban

Puccinia invaqinata Arth. & Johnston

Gramineae

Puccinia purpurea Cooke

Habenaria maculosa Lindl.

Uredo qynandrearum Corda

Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Hamelia patens Jacq. = Hamelia erecta Jacq.

Uredo hameliae Arth.

Heliconia spp.

Puccinia heliconiae (Diet.) Arth.

Hemidiodia ocimifolia (Willd.) K. Schum.

Aecidium borreriae Pat.

Hibiscus syriacus L.

Kuehneola malvicola (Speg.) Arth.

Hippocratea obtusifolia Roxb.

Botryorhiza hippocrateae W het. & Olive

Hippocratea volubilis L.

Botryorhiza hippocrateae Whet. & Olive

Holcus halepensis L.

Puccinia purpurea Cooke

Holcus sorghum L.

Puccinia purpurea Cooke Holcus sudanensis fPiper) Hitchc.

Puccinia purpurea Cooke

Hvdrocotvle umbellata L.

Puccinia hvdrocotvles (Link) Cooke

Hvmenaea courbaril L.

Uredo hvmenaeae Mayor

Hvpoxis decumbens L.

Uromvces affinis W int.

Hyptis atrorubens Poir.

Puccinia medellinensis Mayor

Hyptis capitata Tacq. = Mesosphaerum capitatum Kuntze

Puccinia hyptidis (Curt.) Tracy & Earle

Hyptis lantanifolia Poit. = Mesosphaerum lantanifolium Kuntze

Puccinia insititia Arth.

Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. = Mesosphaerum pectinatum Poit.

Puccinia medellinensis Mayor

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. = Mesosphaerum suaveolens Kuntze

Puccinia medellinensis Mayor

Indigofera spp.

Ravenelia indiqoferae Tranz.

Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. = Indigofera anil L. Ravenelia indiqoferae Tranz. 215

Inaa s p p

Bitzea ingae (Syd.) Mains

Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.

Ravenelia ingae (P. Henn.) Arth. = Uredo ingae P. Henn.

Inga vera Willd. = Inga inga (L.) Britt.

Ravenelia ingae (P. Henn.) Arth. = Uredo ingae P. Henn.

Ipomoea angustifolia Jacq.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Ipomoea dissecta (Jacq.) Pursh. = Operculina dissecta House

Uredo laeticolor Arth.

Ipomoea littoralis Blume

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Ipomoea rubra (Vahl.) Millsp.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Ipomoea stolonifera (Cyrill) Poir.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr. Ipomoea triloba L.

Puccinia erassipes Berk. & Curt.

Iresine anqustifolia Euph. 1:1 Iresine elatior Rich.

Puccinia striolata (Speer.) Arth.

Iresine celosia L.

Uromvces celosiae Diet. & Holw.

Tacquemontia nodiflora (Desv.)G. Don.

Uromvces qemmatus Berk. & Curt.

Tacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. = Thvella tamnifolia (L.) Raf.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.

Tatropha curcas L. = Curcas curcas (L.) Britton & Millsp.

Phakopsora jatrophicola (Arth.) Cumm = Uredo jatrophicola Arth.

Tatropha gossypifolia L. = Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl.

Phakopsora jatrophicola (Arth.) Cumm = Uredo jatrophicola Arth.

Tatropha manihot L. = Manihot manihot (L.) Cockerell

Uromvces janiphae (Wint.) Arth.

Tussiaea anqustifolia Lam.

Uredo quaynabensis Kern & Whet.

Kvllinga brewifolia Rottb.

Uredo kyllinqiae P. Henn. = Puccinia cyperi Arth. Kyllinga pumila Michx.

Uredo kyllinqiae P. Henn. = Puccinia cyperi Arth.

Lactuca intvbacea Jacq. = Brachyramphus intybaceus (Jacq.) DC.

Puccinia proximella Arth.

Lantana aculeata L.

Puccinia lantanae Farl.

Lantana camara L.

Prospodium tuberculatum (Speg.) Arth.

_ Puccinia lantanae Farl.

Lantana involucrata L. = Lantana odorata L.

Puccinia lantanae Farl.

Lasiacis sp.

Uromyces leptodermus Syd.

Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitchc.

Angiopsora lenticularis Mains

Uromyces costaricensis Syd.

Uromyces leptodermus Syd.

Lasiacis ligulata Hitchc. & Chase

Uromyces leptodermus Syd.

Lasiacis ruscifolia H. B. K. (New host species for Puerto Rico).

Uromyces leptodermus Syd. Lasiacis solanei (Griseb.) Hitchc.

Uromvces leptodermus Syd.

Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) H. & C. = Lasiacis swartziana Hitchc.

Uromvces costaricensis Svd.

Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br.

Puccinia leonotidis (P. Henn.) Arth.

Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv.

Puccinia leptochloae A. & (Fromme

Manihot esculenta Crantz = Manihot utiiissima Pohl.

Uromvces ianiphae (Wint.) Sacc.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Margaritaria nobilis L. F. - Phvllanthus nobillis (L. F.) Mull-Arg.

Aecidium favaceum Arth.

Mariscus Iamaicensis (Crantz) Britton = Cladium effusum Torr.

Puccinia cladii Ell. & Tracy

Meibomia axillaris (Sw.) Kuntze

Uromvces hedysari-paniculati (Schw.) Fari.

Meibomia purpurea (Mill.) Vail. = Desmodium tortuosum DC. = Meibomia tortuosa Kuntze

Uromvces hedysari-paniculati (Schw.) Farl. Meibomia scorpiurus (Sw.) Kuntze = Desmodium scorpiurus Desv.

Uromvces hedysari-paniculati (Schw.) Farl.

Meibomia umbrosa Britton

Uromvces hedvsari-paniculati (Schw.) Farl.

Melanthera canescens (Kuntze) O. E. Schultz.

Uromvces columbianus Mayor

Melanthera nivea (L.) Small (fide Britton)

Uromvces columbianus Mayor

Melothria quadalupensis (Sprena.) Cogn.

Uromvces hellerianus Arth.

Metastelma lineare Bello.

Puccinia obligua Berk. & Curt.

Metastelma parvlflorum R. Br.

Puccinia obligua Berk. & Curt.

Mihhnia sp.

Endophvlloides portoricensis W het. & Olive

Mikania congesta DC.

Puccinia speqazzinii de T.

Mikania cordifolia (L. F.) Willd.

Endophylloides portoricensis Whet. & Olive

Mikania fraqilis Urban

Endophvlloides portoricensis Whet. & Olive Mikania odoratissima Urban

Endophylloides portoricensis Whet. & Olive Mikania scandens (L.) Willd.

Puccinia spegazzinii de T.

Mikania stevensiana Britton

Endophvlloides portoricensis Whet. & Olive

Mimosa ceratonia L.

Lipocystis caesalpiniae (Arth.) Cumm.

Ravenelia caesalpiniae Arth.

Mitracarpus portoricensis Urban

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Montezuma speciosissima Moc. & Sesse. = Thespesia qrandiflora DC.)

Phakopsora desmium (Berk. & Br.) Cumm. = Cerotelium desmium (Berk. & Br.) Arth.

Nephrolepts spp.

Milesia insularis Faull

Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl.) Mett.

Milesia columbiensis (Diet.) Arth.

Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br.

Puccinia emiliae P. Henn.

Odontoglossum spp.

Uredo nigropuncta P. Henn.

Olyra latifolia 1.

Anqiopsora phakopsoroides (Arth. & Mains) Mains = Puccinia phakopsoroides Arth. & Mains

Puccinia deformata Berk. & Curt. 221 Onoclea sensibilis L.

Uredinopsis mlrabilis (Pk.) Magn.

Opllsmenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv.

Puccinia inclita Arth.

Uredo paspalicola P. Henn. = Anqiopsora compressa Mains ?

Ormosia kruqii Urban

Dicheirinia ormosiae (Arth.) Cumm. = Puccinia ormosiae Arth.

Qxalis intermedia A. Richard

Puccinia oxalidis (Lev.) Diet. & Ell.

Palicourea crocea (Sw.) R. & S.

Puccinia fallaxArth.

Palicourea riparia Benth.

Puccinia fallax Arth.

Panicum adspersum Trin.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Panicum fasciculatum Swartz

Puccinia circumdata Mains

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. = Puccinia huberi P. Henn.

Panicum maximum Jacq.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Panicum pallens Sw. = Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro Puccinia inclita Arth. Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth. Panicum parvifolium Lam.

Uromvces leptodermus Svd.

Panicum purpurascens Raddi = Panicum barbinode Trin.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Bai:h.

Uromvces leptodermus Svd.

Panicum trichoides Sw.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Panicum utowanaeum S cribn.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Paspalum spp.

Anqiopsora compressa Mains

Puccinia d o lo saArth. & Fromme

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Paspalum coniugatum Bergius

Anqiopsora compressa Mains

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Puccinia tubulosa (Pat. & Gaill.)Arth.

Paspalum fimbriatum H. B. K.

Puccinia levis (S. & B.) Magn.

Paspalum glabrum Poir. = Paspalum helleri Nash

Puccinia chaetochloae Arth.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth. Paspalum laxum Lam.

Puccinia atra Diet. & Holw.

Paspalum millegrana Schrad.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Paspalum orbiculatum Poir.

Puccinia chaetochloae Arth.

Puccinia sub striata Ell. & Barth.

Paspalum paniculatum L.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Paspalum plicatulum Michx.

Angiopsora compressa Mains

Puccinia d o lo saArth. & Fromme

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Puccinia tubulosa (Pat. & Gaill.) Arth.

Paspalum portoricense Nash.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Paspalum schreberianum

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Paspalum secans Hitchc. & Chase

Puccinia chaetochloae Arth.

Paspalum virgatum L.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Passiflora rubra L.

Puccinia scleriae (Pazschke) Arth. = Aecidium passifloricola P. Henn. Paullinia s p p .

Puccinia arechavaletae Speg.

Pavonia paniculata C av.

Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) P. Henn.

Pavonia racemosa S'w. = Malache scabra B. Vogel = Pavonia spicata Cav.

Kaehneola malvicola (Speg.) Arth.

Puccinia heterosnora Berk. & Curt.

Peperomia hemandifolia (Vahl.)A. Dietr.

Uredo piperls P. Henn.

Persicaria portoricensis (Bert.) Small = Polygonum portoricense Bert.

Puccinia polygoni-amphibii Pers.

Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small = Polygonum punctatum Ell. = Polygonum acre H. B. K.

Puccinia polygoni-amphibii Pers.

Petitia domingensis Jacq.

Olivea petitiae Arth.

Phaseolus adenanthus Meyer

Uromyces phaseoli (Pers.) Wifat. var. typica Arth

Phaseolus lathyroides L.

Uromyces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. typica Arth

Phaseolus limensis Macf. Phakopsora vignae (Bres.)Arth. Uromyces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. typica Arth 225

Phaseolus lunatus L.

Phakopsora vlqnae (Bres.) Arth.

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Phakopsora vignae (Bres.) Arth,

Uromvces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. typica Arth.

Phvllanthus spp.

Aecidium favaceum Arth.

Phvllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels

Phakopsora fenestrala Arth.

Phvllanthus distichus (L.) Muell.-Arg. = Cicca disticha L.

Phakopsora fenestrala Arth.

Phvllanthus grandifolius L. = Asterandra qrandifolia (L.) Britton

Phakopsora fenestrala Arth.

Phvllanthus niruri L.

Phakopsora fenestrala Arth.

Pilea parietaria (L.) Blume

Piptadenia peregrina (L.) Benth.

Ravenelia cebil Speg.

Pithecolobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.

Ravenelia pithecolobii Arth.

Pithecolobium unguis-cati Kuntze

Ravenelia pithecolobii Arth. 226

Pitvrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link.

Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Syd.

Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass.

Puccinia plucheae (Svd.) Arth.

Pluchea nurpurascens (Sw.) DC.

Puccinia plucheae (Syd.) Arth.

Plumeria alba L.

Coleosporium domingense (Berk.) Arth. = Coleosporium plumierae Pat.

Plumeria kruaii Urban.

Coleosporium domingense (Berk.) Arth. = Coleosporium plumierae Pat.

Plumeria obtusa L.

Coleosporium domingense (Berk.) Arth. = Coleosporium plumierae Pat.

Plumeria rubra L.

Coleosporium domingense (Berk.) Arth. = Coleosporium plumierae Pat.

Poinsettia cyathophora (Murr.) Kl„ & Garcke

Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass.

Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Kl. & Garcke

Uromyces proeminens-poinsettiae (Tranz.) n. comb. = Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass.

Polytaenium feei (Schaffn.) Maxon.

Milesia australis Arth. (Doubtful species on this host.) Prescottia oliqantha (Sw.) Lindl.

Uredo gynandrearum Corda

Prunus perslca (L.) Batsch. = Amygdalus persica L.

Tranzschelia punctata Arth.

Psidlum guajava L.

Puccinia psidii Wint.

Psychotria patens Sw.

Puccinia fallax Arth.

Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench.

Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burn.

Rajania cordata L.

Uredo dioscoreicola Kern. C if., & Thurston

Randia mitis L. = Randia aculeata L.

Aecidium abscedens Arth.

Rhynchosia minima DC. = Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medic.

Uromyces dolicholi Arth.

Rhynchosia reticulata DC.

Uromyces dolicholi Arth.

Rivina humilis L.

Puccinia raunkiaerii Ferd. & Winge = Puccinia rivinae (Berk. & Curt.) Speg.

Rousselia humilis (Sw.) Urban

Uredo rousseliae Kern & Whet. Rvnchospora corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray

Puccinia angustata Pk. var. angustatoides (Stone) Arth

Rvnchospora corvmbosa (L.) Britton = Rvnchospora aurea Vahl.

Puccinia angustata Pk. var. angustatoides (Stone) Arth

Puccinia consobrina Arth. & Holw.

Uromyces rhvncosporae Ell.

Rvnchospora cvperoides (Sw.) Mart.

Puccinia angustata Pk. var. angustatoides (Stone) Arth

Rvnchospora distans (Michx.) Vahl.

Uromvces rhvncosporae Ell.

Rvnchospora micrantha Vahl. v Uromvces rhvnchsporae Ell.

Rvnchospora setacea (Berg.) Boeek.

Uromvces rhvncosporae Ell.

Rvtilix granularis (L.) Skeels

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Sabicea hirsuta H. B. K.

Uredo sabiceicola Arth. (Also reported on Sabicea aspera Aubl ., but an error for Sabicea hirsuta H. B. K.)

Sabinea punicea Urban

Uromvces sabineae Arth.

Salmea scandens (L.) DC.

Uromvces salmeae Arth. & Holw. Salvia coccinea Tuss.

Puccinia impedita Mains & Holw.

Salvia occldentalis Sw.

Puccinia impedita Mains & Holw.

Sauvaqesia erecta L.

Uredo sauvagesiae Arth.

Scirpus validus Vahl. = Scirpus lacustris Bert, not L.

Puccinia scirpi DC.

Scleriaspp.

Puccinia scleriicola Arth.

Scleria canescens Boeckl.

Uromvces scleriae P. Henn.

Scleria cubensis Boeckl.

Puccinia scleriae (Paz.) Arth.

Scleria hirtella Sw.

Puccinia scleriicola Arth. (Doubtful; may be Puccinia scleriae (Paz.) Arth.)

Scleria microcarpa Nees

Puccinia scleriae (Paz.) Arth.

Scleria pterota Presl.

Puccinia scleriae (Paz.) Arth.

Uromvces scleriae P. Henn. 230

Serjania polyphvlla (L.) Radik.

Puccinia arechavaletae Speg.

Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv.

Uromvces leptodermus Syd.

Setaria setosa (Swartz) Beauv.

Angiopsora cameliae (Mayor) Mains

Sida cordifolia L.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

*Sida glomerata Cav.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Sida glutinosa Comm.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Sida hederaefolia Cav.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Sida humilis Cav.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Sida procumbens Sw.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Sida spinosa L.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Sida urens L.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

*New host for P. heterospora Berk. & Curt. Smilax dominaensis Willd.

Puccinia smilacis S chw.

Solanum spp.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Solanum melonaena L.

Puccinia substriata Ell'. & Barth.

Solanum torvum Sw.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Sorghum spp.

Puccinia purpurea Cooke

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Puccinia purpurea Cooke

Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense (Piper) Hitchc.

Puccinia purpurea Cooke

Spermacoce riparia C. & S.

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Spermacoce tenuior L.

Puccinia lateritia Berk. & Curt.

Spondias mombin L.

Cerotelium alienum (Syd. & Butl.)Arth.

Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.

Uromvces ignobilis (Syd.) Arth.

Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth. Uromvces ignobilis (Svd.) Arth. Uromvces sporoboli Ell. & Ev. 232

Stachvtarpheta sp.

Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn.

Stachvtarpheta cavennensis (Rich.) Vahl. = Valerianoides cayennense (L. C. Rich) Kuntze

Endophvllum stachvtarphetae (P. Hean<) Whet. & Olive

Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn.

Stachvtarpheta iamaicensis (L.) Vahl. = Valerianoides iamaicensis (L.) Medic.

Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn.

Stachvtarpheta striqosa Vahl. = Valerianoides strigosum (Vahl.) Britton

Puccinia urbaniana P. Henn.

Stenolobium stans (L.) D. Don = Tecoma stans (L.) H. B. K.

Prospodium appendiculatum (Wint.) Arth.

Stenorrhvnchus lanceolatus (Aubl.) Griseb.

Uredo pustulata P. Henn.

Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze

Uromyces ignobilis (Syd.) Arth.

Stethoma pectoralis (Jacq.) Raf. = Dianthera pectoralis Gmel.

Puccinia ruelliae (Berk. & Br.) Lagerh.

Stigmaphvllon linqulatum (Poir.)

Puccinia inf lata Arth. Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze = Sparganophorus vaillantli Gaert. Uredo sparqanophori P. Henn. Svnedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.

Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw.

Svntherisma digitata (Sw.) Hitchc.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Tabebuia pallida Miers. = Tecoma pentaphvlla (L.) Juss.

Prospodium tabebuiae Kern

Tagetes erecta L.

Puccinia tageticola Diet. & Holw.

Tagetes patula L. = Tagetes tenuifolia H. B. K.

Puccinia tageticola Diet. & Holw.

Tectaria naartinicensis (Serena.) Copel.

Desmella superficialis (Speg.) Svd.

Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.

Ravenelia caulicola Arth.

Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw.

Phakopsora vignae (Bres.) Arth.

Uromvces cologaniae Arth.

Thalia geniculata L.

Puccinia cannae (Wint.) P. Henn.

Toumefortia bicolor Sw.

Aecidium tournefortiae P. Henn.

Tournefortia hirsutissima L.

Aecidium tournefortiae P. Henn. 234

Tournefortia microphvlla Bertero.

Uromvces dolichosporus Diet. & Holw. (Reported as Aecidium tournefortiae P. Henn. on this host in Mycologia 9_: 88).

Tournefortia scabra lam.

Uromvces dolichosporus Diet. & Holw.

Tradescantia s p p .

Uromvces commelinae (Speg.) Cooke

Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees

Puccinia atra Diet. & Holw.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Trichilia pallida Sw.

Uredo trlchiliae Arth.

Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc.

Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn.

Trichostigma octandrum (L.) W alt.

Puccinia raunkiaerii Ferd. & Winge = Puccinia rivinae (B. & C .) Speg.

Tripsacum laxum Nash

Puccinia polysora Underw.

Triumfetta bartramia L.

Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh.

Triumfetta lappula L.

Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh. Triumfetta semitriloba Taca.

Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh.

Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wright & Arm. = Acacia farnesiana Willd.

Ravenelia silicuae Long

Valota insularis (L.) Chase.

Puccinia eslavensis Diet. & Holw. = Puccinia atra Diet. & Holw.

Puccinia substriata Ell. & Barth.

Vernonia albicaulis Pers.

Puccinia arthuriana Tacks. = Puccinia insulana (Arth.) Jacks.

Vernonia borinquensis Urban.

Puccinia arthuriana Tacks. = Puccinia insulana (Arth.) Jacks.

Vernonia sericea L. C. Rich. = Vernonia phyllostachva Gleason

Puccinia arthuriana Jacks. - Puccinia insulana (Arth.) Jacks.

Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze

Uromyces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. vignae (Barcl.) Arth

Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

Uromyces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. vignae (Barcl.) Arth

Vinca rosea L. = Lochnera rosea

Coleosporium apocynaceaum Cke.

Vitis vinifera L. 236

Phvsopella vitis (Thuem.) Arth. = Phakopsora vitis (Thuem.) Syd.

Wedelia lanceolata DC.

Uredo vicina Arth.

Wedelia reticulata DC.

Uromvces pianhyensis P. Henn.

Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.

Endophyllum decoloratum (Schw.) Whet. & Olive

Wissadula amplissima R. E. Fries

- Puccinia .heterospora B. & C. T Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Presl.

Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt.

Xanthium chinense Mill. = Xanthium lonqirostre Wallr.

Puccinia xanthii Schw.

Zea mays L.

Angiopsora zeae Mains = Puccinia pallescens Arth.

Puccinia polysora Underw.

Puccinia sorghi Schw. = Puccinia maydis Bereng.

Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers.

Puccinia offuscata Arth. DEFINITION OF TERMS*

APPIANATE: Flattened.

BRACHY-FORM: A rust with 0, I, III or, if 'secondary uredo* are present, O, I, II, III.

BULLATE: IJaving bubble- or blister-like swellings.

CATENULATE: In chains or end-to-end series, that is , a row of spores.

CAULICOLOUS: Living on herbaceous stem s.

CHIASTOBASIDIUM: With nuclear spindles across the basidium at the same level.

CIRCINATE: Twisting around, coiled.

ENDO-FORM: With teliospores formed within the host cells.

EPIBASIDIUM: Any structure that comes between a probasidium and the sterigma. (Neuhoff)

EU-FORM: A rust with O, I, II, III stages.

HOLOBASIDIUM: A non-septate basidium .

HYPOBASIDIUM: One with sterigmata and spores.

IMBRICATED: Partly covering one another like the tiles of a roof.

MESOSPORE: A one-celled teliospore among 2-celled ones.

METABASIDIUM: The part or stage of the basidium in which meiosis occurs; the promycelium of Uredinales . (Donk)

MICRO-FORM: A rust with O and III stages, and germinating after rest.

PHRAGMOBASIDIUM: A basidium divided by septa.

237 238

PROBASIDIUM: The part or stage of the basidium in which karyogamy occurs; the primary basidial cell; the teliospore in the Uredinales and the chlamy do spore in the Ustillaginales.

PULVINATE: Cushion-like in form.

SCLEROBASIDIUM: The thick, encysted, gemma-like hypobasidium of the Uredinales (the teliospore), the Ustilaginales (the chlamydo- spore), and the Auriculariales (after Janchen).

STERIGMA: A process from a cell for supporting spores.

STICHOBASIDIUM: W ith nuclear spindles longitudinal and at different le v e ls.

TERETE: Cylindircal; frequently circular in section but narrowing to one end.

UMBO: A central swelling like the boss at the center of a shield.

ZEUGITE: The organ in which fertilization is completed and the dikaryophase ends.

*Terms as defined in Ainsworth & Bisby's "Dictionary of the Fungi." BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Ainsworth, G. C., and G. R. Bisby. Dictionary of the Fungi. The Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, Surrey. 5th ed. 1961.

2. Arthur, J. C. (and others). Uredinales. North American Flora. 7(2-15): 85-1151. 1907-1940.

3 . . Uredinales of Porto Rico based on collections by F. L. Stevens. Mvcologia 7(4): 168-196, (5): 227-255, (6): 315-332, 1915.

4. ______. Uredinales of Porto Rico based on collections by F. L. Stevens. Mvcologia 8(1): 16-33. 1916.

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Luis A. Roure was born August 9, 1923, at Mayaguez, Puerto

Rico. He was graduated from Mayaguez High School in 1941 and won the Bausch and Lomb biology medal and the Honorary Diploma for

Science and Languages. In the same year, he entered the Interamerican

University of San German, Puerto Rico, where he studied until 1944.

From 1945 to 1948 he studied at the University of Puerto Rico,

Mayaguez Campus, where he received the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Agriculture on May 30, 1948. He received his Master of

Science degree in June, 1951, from the Louisiana State University.

Since 1948 he has been teaching Botany, Plant Pathology and

Mycology at the Biology Department of the University of Puerto Rico,

Mayaguez Campus. From 1959 to 1960 he was Assistant Head of that

Department. He is a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in June, 1962, at the Louisiana State University. EXAMINATION AND THESIS REPORT

Candidate: Luis /U Roure

Major Field: Botany

Title of Thesis: The Rusts of Puerto Rico

Approved:

__ Major Professog and Chairman

Dean of the Graduate School

EXAMINING COMMITTEE:

"~Yn , \ ,

PJkusf Q

Date of Examination: /fiaq /