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American Mineralogist, Volume 71, pages 227-232, 1986 NEW MINERAL NAMES* PETE J. DUNN, GEORGE Y. CHAO, JOAN J. FITZPATRICK, RICHARD H. LANGLEY, MICHAEL FLEISCHER, AND JANET A. ZILCZER Caratiite* sonian Institution. Type material is at the Smithsonian Institu- tion under catalogue numbers 149811 and 150341. R.H.L. A. M. Clark, E. E. Fejer, and A. G. Couper (1984) Caratiite, a new sulphate-chloride of copper and potassium, from the lavas of the 1869 Vesuvius eruption. Mineralogical Magazine, 48, Georgechaoite* 537-539. R. C. Boggs and S. Ghose (1985) Georgechaoite NaKZrSi309. Caratiite is a sulphate-chloride of potassium and copper with 2H20, a new mineral species from Wind Mountain, New Mex- ideal formula K.Cu402(S04)4MeCl (where Me = Na and/or Cu); ico. Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 1-4. it formed as fine green acicular crystals in lava of the 1869 erup- S. Ghose and P. Thakur (1985) The crystal structure of george- tion ofMt. Vesuvius, Naples, Italy. Caratiite is tetragonal, space chaoite NaKZrSi309'2H20. Canadian Mineralogist, 23,5-10. group 14; a = 13.60(2), c = 4.98(1) A, Z = 2. The strongest lines of the powder pattern are fdA, 1, hkl]: 9.61(100)(110); Electron microprobe analysis yields Si02 43.17, zr02 29.51, 6.80(80)(200); 4.296(60)(310); 3.0l5(100b)(420,32l); 2.747(70) Na20 7.42, K20 11.28, H20 8.63, sum 100.01 %, corresponding (411); 2.673(60)(510); 2.478(60)(002); 2.388(70)(431,501); to empirical formula NaI.02Ko.96(ZrO.99 Tio.0,Feo.0,)Si3.0,09' 2.14H20 2.281(60)(600). The mineral is uniaxial positive, w = 1.598, E= and ideal formula NaKZrSi309'2H20. 1.711, with specific gravity 3.0m... and 3.22oale'The type specimen X-ray analysis shows the mineral to be orthorhombic, space of caratiite is preserved at the British Museum (Natural History) group P2,nb, a = 11.836(4), b = 12.940(6), c = 6.735(4) A, Z = as specimen number BM 1983,74. J.A.Z. 4, Doale2.689, Dmea.2.70(2) glcm3. The strongest XRD lines (28 given) are [d in A(I)(hkl)] 6.46(73)(020), 5.95(70)(011), 5.83(32)(200,101), 5.67(52)(120), 3.12(100)(112,140), 2.894 Fredrikssonite* (19)(122), 2.829(22)(212,240,141), 2.201(21)(103,332,511,412), 2.049(19)(061,052). The crystals are colorless to white, up to 1 P. J. Dunn, D. R. Peacor, W. B. Simmons, and D. Newbury (1983) Fredrikssonite, a new member of the pinakiolite series mm long, with conchoidal fracture, but no cleavage. H 5. Georgechaoiteis opticallybiaxialnegative,with a 1.578(1), from LAngban,Sweden, Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm = (j 1.597(1), 1.606(1), 2 Vmea.= 67°, 2 Voale= 68°, X a, Forhandlingar, 105, pt. 4, 335-340. = l' = = Y = b, Z = c. Fredrikssonite (ideal composition Mg2Mn3+(B03)02) has been The mineral occurs in association with microcline, nepheline, found on the dumps of the LAngban Mine, Varmland, Sweden. analcime, aegirine, chlorite, catapleiite, and monazite in mia- Microprobe analysis yielded Al203 1.9, Fe203 5.4, Mn203 35.5, rolitic cavities in a nepheline syenite at Wind Mountain, Otero MgO 40.3%, ion microprobe gave an estimated B203 of 17.9%; County, New Mexico. It is named for Professor George Y. Chao sum 101.0%. This gives the formula MgI.93(Mn3+ 0.87Fe3+0.13Alo.07)- of Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Type material has been (B03)0.9902.0'(based on a total of three cations). deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smith- Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction show the mineral sonian Institution. to be orthorhombic, space group Pbam or Pba2, a = 9.18(1), Georgechaoite is isostructural with gaidonnayite, Na2ZrSi309, b = 12.555(6), c = 2.954(2) A, Z = 4, Doale= 3.80, Dm... = 3.84(5) 2H20. Its crystal structure has been refined to a residual R = glcm3. The strongest X-ray lines (36 given) are 5.16(80)(120), 0.053, based on 1840 reflections measured on an automatic sin- 2.590(100)(240), 2.486(90)(201), 2.201(30)(250), 2.013(50)(321, gle-crystal X-ray diffractometer. It consists of sinusoidal single 430),1.570(30)(080,441),1.513(40)(521,171). The mineral is silicate chains, with six-tetrahedron repeat, running parallel to the fourth polymorph with this composition; the others are pi- [101] and [101] directions, which are cross-linked by regular nakiolite, orthopinakiolite, and takeuchiite. [Zr06] octahedra and highly distorted [Na04(H20)2] and The mineral has been found in two assemblages. In one sample [K04(H20)2] octahedra. J.A.Z. it was associated with calcite, adelite, brucite, and hausmannite; in another sample it was found with clinohumite, calcite, and jacobsite. Fredrikssonite is reddish brown and slightly transpar- Grischunite* ent with vitreous luster, it is nearly opaque in one direction. The S. Graeser, H. Schwander, and B. Suhner (1984) Grischunite hardness is about 6 (Mohs). Small fragments show a poor cleavage (CaMn2[As04]2), a new mineral species from the Swiss Alps. and a second very poor cleavage. It is biaxial, positive, with a = Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr., 64, 1-10 (in German with English 1.82(2), (j 1.99; strongly pleochroic with X = < 1.86, and l' - abstract). golden brown and Z = dark reddish brown to black; absorption Z > X; dispersion strong, r > v; Z = c, Grischunite (ideal composition (Ca,Na)(Mn2+,Fe3+h(As04)2) The name is in honor of Dr. Kurt A. Fredriksson of the Smith- has been found in manganese deposits near Fa10tta, Oberhalb- stein, in the Canton Grisons in eastern Switzerland. Microprobe Minerals marked with asterisks were approved before pub- analysis yielded Na20 1.80, CaO 8.83, Fe203 5.39, MnO 27.23, * lication by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names As20, 54.84; sum 98.09%. The low sum may be due to light of the International Mineralogical Association. elements or water not detected by microprobe. The infrared spec- 0003-004X/86/0 102-0227$02,00 227 -_. - --- 228 NEW MINERAL NAMES trum gave typical arsenate absorptions at 850 and 777 cm-I and 39.8; 495, 42.0, 40.4; 546, 44.1, 43.0; 590, 46.2, 44.9; 624, 47.6, only weak bands thought to be due to adsorbed water at 3420 44.7; 644, 45.3, 44.2; 657, 45.9, 45.3. and 1630 cm-I. Both gupeiite and xifengite occur as cores of spheres 0.1-0.5 Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction show the mineral mm in diameter in placers in the Yanshan area, People's Republic to crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pcab, a = 12.913(6), of China. The spheres are composed of an outer shell of mag- b = 13.48(1) and c = 12.076(6) A, Z = 12, DoalC= 3.99, Dm... = netite, wuestite, and maghemite, an inner shell of kamacite and 3.8(2) g/cm3. The strongest X-ray lines (22 given) are taenite, and a core of either gupeiite or xifengite. Hongquiite 3.617(70)(320,032), 3.150(90)(141,232), 3.015(80)(004), 2.943 (originally reported as TiO, Am. Min., 61,184-185,1976, but (60)(042,014),2.839(100)(421,402). new data gave TiC) is often found in cores with gupeiite. The The mineral is found with brandtite, sarkinite, Mn-berzeliite, surfacecharacteristicsand the minerals present indicate the spheres tilasite, and various other manganese- and arsenic-rich minerals. to be extraterrestrial in origin. The names are for the eastern It is formed by alteration of sarkinite, with which it is often passageways, Gupeikou and Xifengkou, of the Great Wall. Type intergrown. It occurs as dark red-brown crystals (up to I mm), materials are preserved at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Acad- anhedral grains, and lathlike crystals (elongated along b). The emy of Geological Sciences, Beijing. G.Y.C. Vickers hardness is 450-550 kp/mm2 (about 5 Mohs). The cleav- age is perfect along (010), the luster is vitreous, and the streak is yellow red to yellow brown (lighter than the mineral). 2 V is Inaglyite* approximately +40-50°. The indices of refraction are a = 1.784, N. S. Rudashevskii, A. G. Mochalov, V. D. Begizov, Yu. P. (:3 1.785, "y = 1.790 (all :to.003). It is pleochroic with X = = Men'shikov, and N. I. Shumskaya (1984) Inaglyite, Pb- yellow green (XIIb), Y yellow brown (YIIa), and Z dark red = = CulIr,Pt),SI.' a new mineral. Zapiski Vses. Mineralog. Obshch., brown (Zllc); absorption Z Y » X; dispersion R ~ v. R.H.L. "" 113, 712-717 (in Russian). Seven electron microprobe analyses gave Ir 38.7-50.5, Pt 11.5- 21.1, Rh 0-2.54, Pb 8.39-9.15, Cu 6.69-7.36, Ni 0-0.08, S 19.7- Gupeiite, * Xifengite* 21.4, sum 98.23-100.5, corresponding to PbCu.(Ir,Pt),SI.' with Yu Zuxiang (1984) Two new minerals gupeiite and xifengite in Pb 1.00-1.12, (Cu 2.65-2.87, Fe 0.12-0.52, Ni 0-0.03), (Ir 5.00- cosmic dusts from Yanshan. Acta Petrologica Mineralogica et 6.32, Pt 1.38-2.66, Rh 0-0.63), S 15.58-16.18. Analytica, 3, 231-238 (in Chinese with English abstract). X-ray data showed the mineral to be hexagonal, space group P6/m, P6, P6/mmm, P622, or P62m, a = 7.03:t0.01, c = Gupeiite 16.44:t0.01 A.
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  • A Case Study from Fuka Contact Aureole, Okayama, Japan

    A Case Study from Fuka Contact Aureole, Okayama, Japan

    328 Journal of Mineralogical andM. PetrologicalSatish－Kumar, Sciences, Y. Yoshida Volume and 99I. ,Kusachi page 328─ 338, 2004 Special Issue High temperature contact metamorphism from Fuka contact aureole, Okayama, Japan 329 The role of aqueous silica concentration in controlling the mineralogy during high temperature contact metamorphism: A case study from Fuka contact aureole, Okayama, Japan * * ** Madhusoodhan SATISH－KUMAR , Yasuhito YOSHIDA and Isao KUSACHI *Department of Biology and Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422－8529, Japan **Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Education, Okayama University, Okayama 700－8530, Japan The contact aureole at Fuka, Okayama, Japan is peculiar for the occurrence of extensive high－temperature skarn resulting from the intrusion of Mesozoic monzodiorite into Paleozoic marine limestone. The occurrence is also notable for the finding of ten new minerals, of which five are calcium－boron－bearing minerals, and scores of other rare minerals. Skarn formation at Fuka can be classified into three major types 1. Grossular－vesuvianite－ wollastonite endoskarn, 2. Gehlenite－exoskarns, and 3. Spurrite－exoskarns. Grossular－vesuvianite－wollas- tonite endoskarn forms a narrow zone (few centimeter width) separating the exoskarn and the igneous intrusion. It is also found, developed independently, along contacts of the younger basic intrusive dykes and limestone in the region. The gehlenite －exoskarns, in most cases, are spatially associated with igneous intrusion and are extensive (decimeter to meter thick). However, exceptions of independent gehlenite dikes are also observed. Retrogression of the gehlenite endoskarns results in the formation of hydrogrossular and/or vesuvianite. Accessory phases include schrolomite and perovskite. The predominantly monomineralic spurrite －exoskarn was formed in the outer zone of the gehlenite－skarn parallel to the contact as well as independent veins, dikes and tongues.
  • Design Rules for Discovering 2D Materials from 3D Crystals

    Design Rules for Discovering 2D Materials from 3D Crystals

    Design Rules for Discovering 2D Materials from 3D Crystals by Eleanor Lyons Brightbill Collaborators: Tyler W. Farnsworth, Adam H. Woomer, Patrick C. O'Brien, Kaci L. Kuntz Senior Honors Thesis Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill April 7th, 2016 Approved: ___________________________ Dr Scott Warren, Thesis Advisor Dr Wei You, Reader Dr. Todd Austell, Reader Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials are championed as potential components for novel technologies due to the extreme change in properties that often accompanies a transition from the bulk to a quantum-confined state. While the incredible properties of existing 2D materials have been investigated for numerous applications, the current library of stable 2D materials is limited to a relatively small number of material systems, and attempts to identify novel 2D materials have found only a small subset of potential 2D material precursors. Here I present a rigorous, yet simple, set of criteria to identify 3D crystals that may be exfoliated into stable 2D sheets and apply these criteria to a database of naturally occurring layered minerals. These design rules harness two fundamental properties of crystals—Mohs hardness and melting point—to enable a rapid and effective approach to identify candidates for exfoliation. It is shown that, in layered systems, Mohs hardness is a predictor of inter-layer (out-of-plane) bond strength while melting point is a measure of intra-layer (in-plane) bond strength. This concept is demonstrated by using liquid exfoliation to produce novel 2D materials from layered minerals that have a Mohs hardness less than 3, with relative success of exfoliation (such as yield and flake size) dependent on melting point.
  • Cu-Rich Members of the Beudantite–Segnitite Series from the Krupka Ore District, the Krušné Hory Mountains, Czech Republic

    Cu-Rich Members of the Beudantite–Segnitite Series from the Krupka Ore District, the Krušné Hory Mountains, Czech Republic

    Journal of Geosciences, 54 (2009), 355–371 DOI: 10.3190/jgeosci.055 Original paper Cu-rich members of the beudantite–segnitite series from the Krupka ore district, the Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic Jiří SeJkOra1*, Jiří ŠkOvíra2, Jiří ČeJka1, Jakub PláŠIl1 1 Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National museum, Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 Prague 1, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Martinka, 417 41 Krupka III, Czech Republic * Corresponding author Copper-rich members of the beudantite–segnitite series (belonging to the alunite supergroup) were found at the Krupka deposit, Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic. They form yellow-green irregular to botryoidal aggregates up to 5 mm in size. Well-formed trigonal crystals up to 15 μm in length are rare. Chemical analyses revealed elevated Cu contents up 2+ to 0.90 apfu. Comparably high Cu contents were known until now only in the plumbojarosite–beaverite series. The Cu 3+ 3+ 2+ ion enters the B position in the structure of the alunite supergroup minerals via the heterovalent substitution Fe Cu –1→ 3– 2– 3 (AsO4) (SO4) –1 . The unit-cell parameters (space group R-3m) a = 7.3265(7), c = 17.097(2) Å, V = 794.8(1) Å were determined for compositionally relatively homogeneous beudantite (0.35 – 0.60 apfu Cu) with the following average empirical formula: Pb1.00(Fe2.46Cu0.42Al0.13Zn0.01)Σ3.02 [(SO4)0.89(AsO3OH)0.72(AsO4)0.34(PO4)0.05]Σ2.00 [(OH)6.19F0.04]Σ6.23. Interpretation of thermogravimetric and infrared vibrational data is also presented. The Cu-rich members of the beudan- tite–segnitite series are accompanied by mimetite, scorodite, pharmacosiderite, cesàrolite and carminite.