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Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish 1
Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish 1 Full title: A perceptual dialectological approach to linguistic variation and spatial analysis of Kurdish varieties Main Author: Eva Eppler, PhD, RCSLT, Mag. Phil Reader/Associate Professor in Linguistics Department of Media, Culture and Language University of Roehampton | London | SW15 5SL [email protected] | www.roehampton.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0) 20 8392 3791 Co-author: Josef Benedikt, PhD, Mag.rer.nat. Independent Scholar, Senior GIS Researcher GeoLogic Dr. Benedikt Roegergasse 11/18 1090 Vienna, Austria [email protected] | www.geologic.at Short Title: Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish 2 Abstract: This paper presents results of a first investigation into Kurdish linguistic varieties and their spatial distribution. Kurdish dialects are used across five nation states in the Middle East and only one, Sorani, has official status in one of them. The study employs the ‘draw-a-map task’ established in Perceptual Dialectology; the analysis is supported by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The results show that, despite the geolinguistic and geopolitical situation, Kurdish respondents have good knowledge of the main varieties of their language (Kurmanji, Sorani and the related variety Zazaki) and where to localize them. Awareness of the more diverse Southern Kurdish varieties is less definitive. This indicates that the Kurdish language plays a role in identity formation, but also that smaller isolated varieties are not only endangered in terms of speakers, but also in terms of their representations in Kurds’ mental maps of the linguistic landscape they live in. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a Santander and by Ede & Ravenscroft Research grant 2016. -
Nonproliferation Approaches in the Caucasus
Report: Nonproliferation Approaches in the Caucasus NONPROLIFERATION APPROACHES IN THE CAUCASUS by Tamara C. Robinson Tamara C. Robinson is a Senior Researcher at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. ecent reports of the vast oil deposits in the Caspian Caucasian nuclear-weapon-free zone. It also evaluates Sea region have focused international attention U.S. policy responses to existing regional proliferation Ron the importance of stability in the Caucasus. threats. While the desire to stem proliferation may exist Yet the nuclear materials and expertise in these often in all three republics, economic conditions and problems overlooked newly independent states (Georgia, Arme- with domestic policy implementation, as a result of weak nia, and Azerbaijan) also pose a problem of international statehood, may override this desire if the West does not concern on three levels. At the ground level, maintain- offer additional assistance to support and strengthen non- ing control over these materials and watching over sci- proliferation efforts. entific expertise are imperative, yet measures are lacking as in most regions of the former Soviet Union, including MATERIALS AND THEIR PROTECTION, Russia herself. At the domestic policy level, the politi- CONTROL, AND ACCOUNTING cal and economic instability of these states in transition hampers the strengthening of key institutions for the pre- In order to understand proliferation problems on the vention of proliferation and provides an environment ground level, it is imperative to take stock of the nuclear conducive to black market activities. At the regional materials and control over them in each of the Cauca- level, the Caucasus represent both a geostrategically vi- sian republics and to assume that material protection, tal conduit and buffer between Russia and the Middle control, and accounting (MPC & A) will help guard East and from the Caspian Sea to the West. -
Hamlet Isaxanli in Search of “Khazar”
Hamlet Isaxanli In Search of “Khazar” 2 In Search of "Khazar" The realities of events associated with the establishment and development of Khazar University have left indelible traces in my memory. I intend to pass these events to you in their entirety and in all sincerity. I hope I can relive together with you, readers, those days spent in ‘search of "Khazar". In Search of "Khazar" 3 CHAPTER 1 BETWEEN HEAVEN AND EARTH For a number of years I was familiarizing myself with different universities all over the world, whilst gathering my thoughts on science and education in my own country, Azerbaijan. These ideas and comparisons were taking a distinctive shape in my imagination - the shape of a university. Novel ideas and thoughts seemingly appear unexpectedly, but in reality they are a result of long and intensive subconscious efforts. The information that we absorb, accept and keep in our minds is explored and analyzed in invisible and imperceptible ways. Accor- ding to some hypotheses, this way is simply called a harmonization, putting thoughts into a correct and beautiful order. In this process, suddenly everything falls into place and an idea appears as a patch of light. The first place where I studied after Azerbaijan was Moscow State University. I spent long years there first studying and then researching mathematics. The university’s extremely high scientific potential and pleasant and creative atmosphere seemed to be a new world to me. Later I traveled more and came across more varied systems at universities in Canada and in Europe. I didn’t content myself solely with giving lectures, presenting papers at different conferences, workshops, and conducting new research. -
SUMGAYIT – Beginning of the Collapse of the USSR
SUMGAYIT – Beginning of the Collapse of the USSR Aslan Ismayilov SUMGAYIT - BEGINNING OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR 1 Aslan Ismayilov ЧАШЫОЬЛУ 2011 Aslan Ismayilov Sumgayit – Beginning of the Collapse of the USSR Baku Aslan Ismayilov Sumgayit – Beginning of the Collapse of the USSR Baku Translated by Vagif Ismayil and Vusal Kazimli 2 SUMGAYIT – Beginning of the Collapse of the USSR SUMGAYIT PROCEEDINGS 3 Aslan Ismayilov 4 SUMGAYIT – Beginning of the Collapse of the USSR HOW I WAS APPOINTED AS THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR IN THE CASE AND OBTAINED INSIGHT OF IT Dear readers! Before I start telling you about Sumgayit events, which I firmly believe are of vital importance for Azerbaijan, and in the trial of which I represented the government, about peripeteia of this trial and other happenings which became echoes and continuation of the tragedy in Sumgayit, and finally about inferences I made about all the abovementioned as early as in 1989, I would like to give you some brief background about myself, in order to demonstrate you that I was not involved in the process occasionally and that my conclusions and position regarding the case are well grounded. Thus, after graduating from the Law Faculty of of the Kuban State University of Russia with honours, I was appointed to the Neftekumsk district court of the Stavropol region as an interne. After the lapse of some time I became the assistant for Mr Krasnoperov, the chairman of the court, who used to be the chairman of the Altay region court and was known as a good professional. The existing legislation at that time allowed two people’s assessors to participate in the court trials in the capacity of judges alongside with the actual judge. -
Central Asia the Caucasus
CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies Published since 2000 Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 1 Volume 13 IssueFOUNDED 4 2012 AND PUBLISHEDCENTRAL ASIA AND BYTHE CAUCASUS INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF FOR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES OF CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 556699-5964 Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r i a l C o u n c i l Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council ISMAILOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan Deputy Editor-in-Chief EYVAZOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Timur represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Astana) SHAYMERGENOV Tel./fax: (+7 - 701) 531 61 46 E-mail: [email protected] Leonid represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) BONDARETS Tel.: (+996 - 312) 65-48-33 E-mail: [email protected] Saodat OLIMOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (+992-37) 221 89 95; (+992) 907 72 82 25 (mobile phone) E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Farkhad represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) TOLIPOV Tel.: (9987-1) 125 43 22 E-mail: [email protected] Ziya KENGERLI represents -
Iraq : an Intolerable, Forgotten and Unpunished Repression”
International Federation for Human Rights Report “Iraq : an intolerable, forgotten and unpunished repression” Introduction. 5 I. Repression in Iraq . 7 II. Arrests and arbitrary detentions . 13 III. Inhuman and degrading treatments. 16 IV. Executions . 19 V. Beheading of women . 21 VI. Involuntary or forced disappearances . 24 VII. Forced Arabization and deportation . 25 VIII. Ashbal Saddam . "Saddam's cub scouts" . 26 IX. Corruption . 28 Conclusion . 29 Recommendations . 30 Appendix . 32 “Iraq : an intolerable, forgotten and unpunished repression” HRA/CJI - FIDH / PAGE 3 “Iraq : an intolerable, forgotten and unpunished repression” Contents Introduction . 5 A. Mandate and objectives of the commission . 5 B. General context of the mission . 5 I. Repression in Iraq . 7 "Peculiar conception" of the citizenship. 7 The organization of repression . 7 The repression after the death of Ayatollah M'hammed Sadek Sadr . 10 The repression of religious freedom . 11 II. Arrests and arbitrary detentions . 13 Importance and power of the services . 14 Arrest of family members. 14 Belonging to an opposition party. 14 Arrest of children under 18 . 14 Uprising of the provinces in 1991 . 14 Arrests for "unpleasant" acts . 15 Arrest of journalists . 15 III. Inhuman and degrading treatments. 16 Legalized application of cruel punishments . 16 Torture and ill-treatments . 16 IV. Executions . 19 Prison cleansing campaign . 19 Other executions . 19 V. Beheading of women . 21 Prostitution : an increasing phenomenon . 21 Prostitution : an excuse for physical elimination and political pressure . 21 Beheading : barbarism, terror and propaganda . 21 60 to 2000 women beheaded from June 2000 to April 2001 . 23 VI. Forced or involuntary disappearances . 24 VII. Forced Arabization and deportation. -
Turkey in the Caspian Sea Region
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2008 Turkey In The Caspian Sea Region Seyma Akkoyunlu University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Akkoyunlu, Seyma, "Turkey In The Caspian Sea Region" (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 3734. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3734 TURKEY IN THE CASPIAN SEA REGION by SEYMA AKKOYUNLU B.S. Istanbul University, 2005 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Masters of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, FL Spring Term 2008 Major Professor: Houman Sadri ©2008 Seyma Akkoyunlu ii ABSTRACT This thesis will determine the influence of Turkey’s domestic resources on Turkey’s foreign relations with the five Turkic states in the Caspian Sea Region. The spheres analyzed in this study are the common ties, which are history, culture, religion and language, with the regional countries, pan-Turkism, Turkey’s initial interactions as well as ongoing constructive policies in the region. Findings showed that both Turkey and the five Turkic republics were enthusiastic to carry their relations in every field to future cooperation following the break up of the Soviet Union. -
Revisiting Kurdish Dialect Geography: Preliminary Findings from the Manchester Database
Revisiting Kurdish dialect geography: Preliminary findings from the Manchester Database June 2017 Yaron Matras University of Manchester Introduction: Database method and Persian). Bilingual speakers were asked to translate the phrases into their local Kurdish dialect. Sessions were and scope recorded and transcribed into templates in which each phrase was pre-tagged for anticipated structures. The data My aim in this paper is to describe preliminary findings was imported into an open-source database (utilising from work carried out between 2011-2017 as part of a MySQL and PHP web interface software), which was made collaborative project on ‘Structural and typological accessible online. It allows the user to filter transcribed variation in the dialects of Kurdish’, based at the phrases by content (Kurdish forms), English elicitation University of Manchester. The project’s objectives were to phrase, tags, and speaker’s place of origin. create a reference database covering the main areas in A pilot questionnaire was tested in 2011-2012. It which dialects of Kurdish are spoken, to assess typological contained around 200 items, of which around half were variation (with particular consideration to possible individual lexemes and function words. The items had been contact influences), and to investigate the role of verb selected based on an assessment of structural variation in semantics in the volatility of the ergative construction in samples of connected speech from around 50 recorded Kurmanji/Bahdini. This paper presents initial findings interviews of up to 40 minutes each with speakers from pertaining to the distribution of structural features, dialect various locations in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran, and based on geography, and dialect classification. -
General Assembly Security Council Seventy-Third Session Seventy-Third Year Agenda Item 34 Prevention of Armed Conflict
United Nations A/73/628–S/2018/1085 General Assembly Distr.: General Security Council 11 December 2018 Original: English General Assembly Security Council Seventy-third session Seventy-third year Agenda item 34 Prevention of armed conflict Letter dated 4 December 2018 from the Permanent Representative of Armenia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Upon the instructions of my Government, I am transmitting herewith a memorandum of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh Republic) on the issue of missing persons in the context of the Azerbaijan- Karabakh conflict (see annex). I kindly request that the present letter and its annex be circulated as a document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 34, and of the Security Council. (Signed) Mher Margaryan Ambassador Permanent Representative 18-21102 (E) 121218 *1821102* A/73/628 S/2018/1085 Annex to the letter dated 4 December 2018 from the Permanent Representative of Armenia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Artsakh Memorandum on the issue of missing persons in the context of the Azerbaijan- Karabakh conflict The issue of missing persons in the context of the Azerbaijan-Karabakh conflict emerged long before the full-scale war, which was unleashed by Azerbaijan against the Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh Republic)1 in 1991. Individual cases of hostage-taking and kidnapping of persons of Armenian nationality were taking place in Artsakh already in 1988–1989. The issue of hostages and missing persons became more acute as the conflict escalated. -
Historical Site of Mirhadi Hoseini ………………………………………………………………………………………
Historical Site of Mirhadi Hoseini http://m-hosseini.ir ……………………………………………………………………………………… KARIM KHAN ZAND [Moḥammad-Karim], (b. c. 1705; d. Shiraz 13 Ṣafar 1193/1 March 1779; ), “ The Wakil,” ruler of Persia (except Khorasan) from Shiraz during 1164-93/1751-79. The Zand were a pastoral tribe of the Lak branch of the northern Lors, ranging between the inner Zagros and the Hamadān plains, centered on the villages of Pari and Kamāzān in the vicinity of Malāyer. In 1732 Nāder Shah (q.v.) deported thousands of Baḵ-tiāri and a number of Zand families to Khorasan. After Nāder’s assassination in 1747, they made their way home, the Baḵ-tiāri under ʿAli-Mardān Khan (see BAḴTIĀRI CHIEFS) of the Čahār Lang, and the Zand under Moḥammad-Karim Beg (also called Tušmāl Karim, and later Karim Khan). When Nāder’s successors of the Afsharids (q.v.) failed to reassert their authority over western Persia, these two chieftains, in alliance with Abu’l-Fatḥ Khan Baḵ-tiāri (q.v.), a chieftain of the Haft Lang branch of the Baḵ-tiāri, who nominally governed Isfahan for the Afsharids, occupied the former Safavid capital in 1750 in the name of a Safavid princeling, Abu Torāb Mirzā, whom they styled Esmāʿil II (actually the third monarch of that name; Nāmi, pp. 15-17; Golestāna, pp. 171-72). While the Zand leader, as commander-in-chief, was pacifying the northern Lor areas and Kurdistan, ʿAli-Mardān staged a coup: he killed Abu’l-Fatḥ Khan, invaded Fārs, and plundered Shiraz. On his way back he was ambushed in the narrow mountain pass known as Kotal-e Pir Zan (Kotal-e Doḵ-tar in Fasāʾi) by local musketeers and driven into the mountains (Moḥammad Kalāntar, pp. -
NAGORNO KARABAKH LA VERA STORIA Traduzione Dal Russo Di Indice Daniele Franzoni E Svetlana Solomonova
Ramiz Mekhtiev NAGORNO KARABAKH LA VERA STORIA Traduzione dal russo di Indice Daniele Franzoni e Svetlana Solomonova Editing Andrea Tomassi INTRODUZIONE 7 Redazione Roberta Rega I. RETROSPETTIVA SULL’ETNOGENESI DEGLI ARM ENİ 17 Impaginazione II. A PROPOSITO DEL TOPONIMO AZERBAIGIAN 22 Marisa Di Donato Ш. ANTROPOLOGIA DEGLI AZERİ 25 Copertina Erik Ingvert IV. LALBANIA CAUCASICA E L AZERBAIGIAN 29 V. IL MITO DELLE ORIGINI CAUCASICHE DEGLI HAY 32 VI. LA MIGRAZIONE DEGLI ARMENI Titolo originale NEL CAUCASO MERIDIONALE 36 Нагорный Карабах. История, прочитанная по источникам VII. GLI ALBANI CAUCASICI E GLI ARMENI 39 Copyright О 2016 Eurasian Books VIII. LARTSAKH E IL KARABAKH 45 Tutti i diritti sono riservati Qualsiasi forma di riproduzione, se non autorizzata, e vietata IX. LO SPOSTAMENTO DEL CATHOLICOSATO E LA MIGRAZIONE 50 ISBN: 9788899124083 X. L’ESPANSIONE DELLE GRANDI POTENZE E IL FATTORE ARMENO 53 XL I KHANATI AZERI FRA IL MARTELLO RUSSO E L’INCUDINE IRANIANA 58 XII. L’ULTIMO KHAN DEL KARABAKH 63 XIII. UN TRAGICO ARRIVO 69 In copertina XIV. LE PRESUNTE ORIGINI CAUCASICHE DEGLI ARMENI 77 Scudo azerbaigiano del Khanato del Karabakh, Museo Nazionale d ’Arte di Baku. XV. IL NUOVO CAUCASO MERIDIONALE 88 XVI. CRONOLOGIA DI UN’ESPANSIONE SILENZIOSA 98 XVII. IL CREMLINO E LA CRISI DEL KARABAKH 109 INTRODUZIONE XVIII. COSA SI NASCONDEVA ALL’OPINIONE PUBBLICA? 115 XIX. I FATTI DI SUMGAIT COME STRUMENTO IDEOLOGICO 120 XX. IL TERREMOTO DI SPITAK COME PUNTO DI SVOLTA 124 XXI. 1990, UN GENNAIO DI SANGUE 128 XXII. L’ECO DI KARAKEND A KHOJALY 135 XXIII. GUERRA NEL GRANDE GIARDINO 139 XXIV. QUESTIONI DI DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE 144 Un esame della storia del Caucaso meridionale offre una retrospettiva XXV. -
The Iraq War Ledger a Look at the War’S Human, Financial, and Strategic Costs
Update: The Iraq War Ledger A Look at the War’s Human, Financial, and Strategic Costs Matthew Duss and Peter Juul December 2011 The United States is withdrawing the last of its troops from Iraq this month, which makes now an appropriate time to begin weighing the costs and benefits to U.S. national security from our intervention there. On May 1, 2003, President George W. Bush stood aboard the deck of the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln and declared to the country and to the world that “Major combat opera- tions in Iraq have ended. In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed.” As Americans would quickly find out, President Bush’s declaration of victory was severely premature. Iraq would soon be in the throes of a violent insurgency and, eventually, a full- blown sectarian civil war. More than eight years after that speech, as President Barack Obama prepares to keep his promise to end the war, Iraq has made progress but still struggles with insecurity and deep political discord. Though the level of violence has remained down from its 2006–2007 peak—when dozens of bodies could be found on Baghdad’s streets every morning—Iraq still endures a level of violence that in any other country would be considered a crisis. Still, the end of former Iraq President Saddam Hussein’s brutal regime represents a consider- able global good, and a nascent democratic Iraqi republic partnered with the United States could potentially yield benefits in the future. But when weighing those possible benefits against the costs of the Iraq intervention, there is simply no conceivable calculus by which Operation Iraqi Freedom can be judged to have been a successful or worthwhile policy.