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Central Asia the Caucasus CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies Published since 2000 Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 1 Volume 13 IssueFOUNDED 4 2012 AND PUBLISHEDCENTRAL ASIA AND BYTHE CAUCASUS INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF FOR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES OF CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 556699-5964 Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r i a l C o u n c i l Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council ISMAILOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan Deputy Editor-in-Chief EYVAZOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Timur represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Astana) SHAYMERGENOV Tel./fax: (+7 - 701) 531 61 46 E-mail: [email protected] Leonid represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) BONDARETS Tel.: (+996 - 312) 65-48-33 E-mail: [email protected] Saodat OLIMOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (+992-37) 221 89 95; (+992) 907 72 82 25 (mobile phone) E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Farkhad represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) TOLIPOV Tel.: (9987-1) 125 43 22 E-mail: [email protected] Ziya KENGERLI represents the journal in Azerbaijan (Baku) Tel.: (+994 - 50) 3006694 E-mail: [email protected] Haroutiun represents the journal in Armenia (Erevan) KHACHATRIAN Tel.: (374-10) 56 59 65 E-mail: [email protected] Kakhaber ERADZE represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) Tel.: (+995 - 95) 45 82 88 E-mail: [email protected] Sun ZHUANGZHI represents the journal in China (Beijing) Tel.: (86) 10-64039088 E-mail: [email protected] Konrad SCHÄFFLER represents the journal in Germany (Munich) Tel.: (49 - 89) 3003132 E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir MESAMED represents the journal in the Middle East (Jerusalem) Tel.: (972 - 2) 5882332 E-mail: [email protected] Irina EGOROVA represents the journal in the Russian Federation (Moscow) Tel.: (7 - 495) 3163146 E-mail: [email protected] Robert GUANG TIAN represents the journal in the U.S. (Buffalo, NY) Tel: (716) 880-2104 E-mail: [email protected] Rustem ZHANGUZHIN represents the 2journal in Ukraine (Kiev) Tel.: (380-44) 524-79-13 E-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL ASIA AND THEE DCAUCASUS I T O R I A L B O A R DVolume 13 Issue 4 2012 Giuli ALASANIA Doctor of History, professor, Vice Rector of the International Black Sea University (Georgia) Bülent ARAS Doctor, Chair, Department of International Relations, Fatih University (Turkey) Mariam ARUNOVA Doctor of Political Science, leading research associate, Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS (Russian Federation) Garnik ASATRIAN Doctor of Philology, professor, head of the Department of Iranian Studies, Erevan State University (Armenia) Bakyt BESHIMOV Doctor of History, professor, Vice President, American University-Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan) Ariel COHEN Doctor, leading analyst, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. (U.S.A.) William FIERMAN Doctor of Political Science, Professor of Indiana University (U.S.A.) Paul GOBLE Senior Advisor, Voice of America (U.S.A.) Sergei GRETSKY Doctor, Chair of Central Asian Studies, Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State (U.S.A.) Xing GUANGCHENG Doctor of Political Science, professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for East European, Russian and Central Asian Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (China) Alexander IGNATENKO President, Institute of Religion and Politics, Doctor of Philosophy, specialist in Islamic studies, leading expert of the Institute of Social Systems, Moscow State University, member of the Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the Russian Federation President (Russian Federation) Ashurboi IMOMOV Ph.D. (Law), assistant professor, head of the Department of Constitutional Law, Tajik National University (Tajikistan) Lena JONSON Doctor, senior researcher, Swedish Institute of International Affairs (Sweden) Klara KHAFIZOVA Doctor of History, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies, professor at the International Relations and Foreign Policy Department, Kainar University (Kazakhstan) Jacob M. LANDAU Professor of Political Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel) S. Neil MACFARLANE Professor, Director, Center for International Studies, The University of Oxford (Great Britain) Alexei MALASHENKO Doctor of History, professor, Scholar-in-Residence, Ethnicity and Nation-Building Program Co-Chair, The Carnegie Moscow Center (Russian Federation) Abbas MALEKI Dr., Director General, International Institute for Caspian Studies (Iran) Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa Peace MATSUNAGA Foundation (Japan) Roger N. McDERMOTT Affiliated Senior Analyst, Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen (Denmark) Vitaly NAUMKIN Doctor of History, professor, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies of RF (Russian Federation) Yerengaip OMAROV Professor, Rector of Kainar University, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan) Vladimer PAPAVA Doctor of Economics, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Senior Fellow of the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Georgia) S. Frederick STARR Professor, Chairman, The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Johns Hopkins University (U.S.A.) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: CA&CC Press AB Hubertusstigen 9. 97455 Luleå SWEDEN WEB ADDRESS: http://www.ca-c.org © Central Asia and the Caucasus, 2012 © CA&CC Press®, 3 2012 Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 IN THIS ISSUE: ETHNIC RELATIONS AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS Emil TWO POSITIONS ON Souleimanov, THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH WAR: Lia RUSSIAN AND TURKISH Evoyan. (1990-1994) .............................................................................. 7 REGIONAL POLITICS Kushtarbek CHINA’S APPROACH Shamshidov. TO MULTILATERALISM WITH AN EMPHASIS ON ITS INFLUENCE IN CENTRAL ASIA ................................................................. 23 David THE PEOPLE’S Babayan. REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AZOV-NORTH BLACK SEA SUBREGION: PRESENT STATE AND FUTURE PLANS .................................................................... 43 4 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 Pavel TURKEY’S FOREIGN POLICY Varbanets. IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS: ECHOES OF THE ARAB SPRING ................................................................. 52 NATION-BUILDING Beka GEORGIA’S HISTORICAL ELECTION: Chedia. A CHANGE IN POWER AND THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW POLITICAL TRADITION .................................................. 59 Alexander THE POLITICAL SCENE Skakov. IN SOUTH OSSETIA: THE 2011-2012 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND WHAT BECAME OF THEM ..................................................... 71 Rustem ON THE MULTICULTURALISM PROJECT Zhanguzhin. AND THE SOCIOPOLITICAL STATUS OF ISLAM IN UKRAINE. Preliminary Theses for a Case Study of Ethnocultural, Confessional, and Personal Self-Identity in a Multicultural Environment ..................................................... 83 REGIONAL SECURITY Magomed-Emi RUSSIA’S Shamsuev. INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS: PROBLEMS AND HOW TO SETTLE THEM ........................................................... 94 REGIONAL STUDIES Murat Laumulin. CENTRAL ASIA AS SEEN FROM RUSSIA ............................. 106 5 Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS REGIONAL ECONOMIES Vladimer ECONOMIC GROWTH Papava. IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASO-ASIAN COUNTRIES ADJUSTED FOR THE CATCH-UP EFFECT ........................................................ 120 Contents of the Central Asia and the Caucasus Issues Volume 13, 2012 ........................................................................................................... 129 FOR YOUR INFORMATION The Special Feature section in the next issue will discuss: n Central Eurasia: Politics Today n Energy Policy and Energy Projects in Central Eurasia n Regional Centers of Power and Their Policy in Central Eurasia 6 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Volume 13 Issue 4 2012 ETHNIC RELATIONS AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS TWO POSITIONS ON THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH WAR: RUSSIAN AND TURKISH (1990-1994) Emil SOULEIMANOV Assistant Professor at the Department of Russian and East European Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University (Prague, Czech Republic) Lia EVOYAN Ph.D. Candidate (International Relations), Department of Turkic Studies, Institute of Oriental Studies, Armenian National Academy of Sciences (Erevan, Armenia) Introduction he winter months of 2011/2012 marked the by the latter and an unrecognized republic that 20th anniversary of the beginning of full- has essentially been claiming independence since T scale warfare in the highlands of Nagorno- the final days of the Soviet Union. The armed Karabakh, de jure an Azerbaijani enclave inhab- conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent are- ited mostly by ethnic Armenians and controlled as, which with various levels of
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