DOCSLIB.ORG

Repositorio Institucional De UAM-Xochimilco

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Repositorio Institucional De UAM-Xochimilco UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Unidad Xochimilco División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño Maestría en Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño Área de concentración 2: Estética, Cultura y Semiótica del Diseño EL ANÁLISIS DE LAS DESCRIPCIONES ARQUITECTÓNICAS REVELADAS EN SHĀHNAMEH; LA EPOPEYA DE LOS REYES PERSAS, POR FERDOWSI ______________________________________________________________________ Idónea comunicación de resultados que para obtener el grado de maestría presenta: Bahar Boghratian Tutor: Dra. Andrea Marcovich Padlog Lector: Dra. Araceli Soní Soto Lector: Dra. Diana Elena Barcelata Eguiarte Coordinadora de área: Dra. Andrea Marcovich Padlog Ciudad de México, 26 de noviembre de 2019. 1 2 Agradecimientos Esta tesis se hizo realidad con el amable apoyo de muchas personas, por lo que me gustaría extender mi sincero agradecimiento a todas ellas. Ante todo, me gustaría expresar mi gratitud hacia mi madre, por ser la fuente de toda mi inspiración y aliento. Ella fue quien que me enseñó que obtener conocimiento no tiene fin y da forma a la personalidad de la manera más humanamente posible. Mi amado Pouya, que siempre está a mi lado cuando lo he necesitado y me ayudó incansablemente en cada paso del camino. Gracias por ser mi compañero. Una gran apreciación al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología por su soporte y su atención. También puedo decir que tengo una deuda con la UAM y la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño por su orientación y supervisión constante. Quisiera demostrar mi más profundo agradecimiento a Margarita, que es verdaderamente un ángel y me ha ayudado a obtener mi logro académico; cuando fue necesario me ayudó emocionalmente de una manera que ni las palabras pueden describir. Especialmente me permito manifestar mi agradecimiento a mi tutora y mi amiga, Dra. Andrea Marcovich Padlog, por impartir su conocimiento y experiencia en este estudio. Ella fue quien me apoyó en todos los aspectos posibles desde el día en que la conocí en la entrevista, hasta la última palabra escrita en esta investigación. Una gran admiración por mi supervisor durante el programa de movilidad académica, Dr. Touraj Daryaee, por compartir sus conocimientos, su apoyo y por enseñarme amablemente como trabajar con el Libro de los Reyes. Así como a miembros distinguidos de la División CyAD como el Dr. Darío González, Dra. Araceli Soni Soto, Dra. Diana Barcelata, y Dra. Blanca Ramírez por sus sugerencias y consejos valiosos los cuales hicieron este estudio lo que es hoy. También agradezco y aprecio a mi mejor amiga, Aracely Lugo Melendrez, quien me ayudó con todo su corazón, pasión y sus extraordinarios talentos, sin su ayuda nada de esto hubiera sido posible. 3 Índice Introducción ……………………………………………………………………………………..6 Parte 1. El Libro de los Reyes: la herencia y la identidad cultural del imperio persa ….11 1.1. El libro y los aspectos del tiempo y la lengua ……………………………...12 1.2. El libro y el territorio cubierto ………………………………………………...14 1.3. El libro y sus estudios relevantes ……………………………………………18 Parte 2. Arte, Misticismo y Arquitectura …………………………………………………….20 2.1. Concepto de arte en el Libro de los reyes …………………………………….21 2.2. Los primeros artistas y el conocimiento divino ………………………………….22 2.3. Arte, pecado y magia ……………………………………………………………...27 2.4. El conocimiento divino y el desarrollo próspero en la arquitectura ………...29 2.5. Arquitectura mágica o malvada …………………………………………………35 2.6. Arquitectura celestial, artística e inmortal ………………………………………42 2.7. La fenomenología de Eliade y su relación con esta investigación …………45 2.8. Metodología 47 Parte 3. Producción y efecto de la arquitectura ……………………………………………52 3.1. Producción arquitectónica ……………………………………………………….53 3.2. Diseños estéticos y decorativos …………………………………………………53 3.2.1. Murales e inscripciones en las paredes ………………………………54 3.2.2. La aplicación de diferentes tipos de joyas en el diseño principal de los edificios ……………………………………………………………………………………..62 3.3. Infraestructura de la arquitectura ……………………………………………….63 4 3.3.1. Métodos de construcción, herramientas y suministros ……………..64 3.4. Shārestāns y fortalezas ………………………………………………………….66 3.5. Palacios ……………………………………………………………………………68 3.6. Edificios rituales …………………………………………………………………..70 3.7. Monumentos públicos y urbanos ……………………………………………….71 Conclusiones …………………………………………………………………………………..73 Bibliografía ……………………………………………………………………………………..76 Anexos …………………………………………………………………………………………80 5 Introducción En el estudio de la arquitectura persa antigua y su historia, la pregunta que siempre captura la mente es la que recae en su esencia e identidad. Hoy en día, a pesar de los descubrimientos arqueológicos, aún no se sabe la función de muchos edificios y su forma real. Y tampoco sobre lo que yo considero lo más importante: se desconoce completamente acerca de las personas que vivían en estas construcciones, quiénes fueron en realidad, cuáles eran sus puntos de vista y sus creencias y el efecto que éstas tuvieron en su arquitectura. A partir de la observación de un video documental sobre la representación de los minaretes1 del Monar Jonban y el encantamiento que contiene, pero en parte se ha perdido, y lo que podría ser la triste historia detrás de muchas arquitecturas majestuosas y misteriosas del pasado, llegué a creer que necesitamos encontrar una mejor manera de revelar los secretos antiguos de nuestros ancestros, como buscar en las descripciones que nos han dejado. El Monar Jonban es uno de los monumentos históricos de Esfahán2, la capital artística y cultural de Irán lo cual tiene dos minaretes en el techo. Estos minaretes tenían un espacio para que un individuo entra dentro uno y agarrar los jaladores colocado en la pared interior del minarete y intentar moverlo lateralmente. Lo notable de este monumento es que, cuando se movía uno de los minaretes, el otro también comenzaba a moverse y vibrar animadamente. Es necesario mencionar que cada minarete tiene una altura de 7.5 metros (Honarfar 1971: 279). La historia que distingue a este edificio de los demás es que cuando los arqueólogos intentaron descubrir el secreto detrás de estos fascinantes movimientos cometieron errores irrevocables a lo largo de sus excavaciones de investigación y el encantamiento se perdió para siempre. Este indescriptiblemente trágico y doloroso incidente no solo me hizo querer entender los misterios de la 1 Minarete o alminar se refiere al elemento arquitectónico que compone las torres de las mezquitas musulmanas. 2 Actualmente muchas personas, incluidos investigadores, escritores y artistas, han utilizado el término "Isfahan" para referirse a esta ciudad, haciendo de ella una pronunciación incorrecta. Debido a que su nombre original es Esfahán, y por el respeto y cariño que le tengo por ser mi ciudad de origen, me referiré a ella en esta investigación bajo este nombre. 6 arquitectura del pasado, sino que también me hizo cada vez más interesada en comprender los pensamientos, la educación y los métodos de los arquitectos antiguos. Por otra parte, en este video, para representar los patrones complejos de esta increíble estructura, los productores y creadores de este video se vieron obligados a usar funciones geométricas muy precisas y software 3D, y mientras veía disfrutar de su hermoso proyecto, pensé en los viejos tiempos cuando no existía dicho software de diseño, ¿cómo podrían estos genios arquitectos no solo planear estos hermosos diseños, sino también construirlos tan impecablemente como lo hicieron?, ¿qué tipo de conocimiento tenían los antiguos arquitectos, que influencias y qué tipo de educación los hicieron tan hábiles?, y también si hoy el lugar para aprender arquitectura está en las universidades, ¿dónde aprendieron sus conocimientos y qué características tenía? En las naciones occidentales, ha habido mucha investigación sobre la arquitectura y el antiguo oeste, tales el libro "El arquitecto: capítulos en la historia de la profesión". Una de las fuentes occidentales más importantes para la investigación en arquitectura antigua es The Ten Books On Architecture, que fue escrita hace dos mil años por Marco Vitruvio Polión (en latín Marcus Vitruvius Pollio; c. 80-70 a. C.-15 a. C.), el arquitecto romano. Leemos en estos tratados que un arquitecto debe tener un buen dominio de la música, la pintura, la escultura, la medicina, la astronomía, la filosofía y la jurisprudencia, y ahora la pregunta es si los antiguos arquitectos romanos estaban en posesión de tales ciencias, y en consecuencia ¿qué conocimiento tenían los arquitectos persas? Desafortunadamente, en Irán, fuentes como el libro de Vitruvio con el propósito de explicar y dilucidar la antigua arquitectura persa se habían perdido o posiblemente se habían destruido durante la destrucción de muchas bibliotecas del Imperio persa como la Biblioteca de Rayy en 1029 por el sultán Mahmud Ghazni (de la dinastía Buyid) que quemó la biblioteca y todos los libros considerados heréticos (Mackensen 1935: 93-94); la Biblioteca de Avicenna que fue destruida después de que el Sultán Mas'ud I de los Kakuyids conquistara la ciudad de Esfahan en 1034 (Bowsworth 1977: 117); la biblioteca de Ghazna en Ghazna donde la ciudad fue saqueada y quemada durante siete días y las bibliotecas y palacios construidos por los Ghaznavides fueron destruidos por Ala al-din Husayn del Imperio Ghurid en 1151 (Bowsworth 1977: 117); la biblioteca de Nishapur 7 que fue saqueada y quemada en 1154 durante el Imperio Seljuk por Oghuz Turks (Sarton 1938: 16); y la biblioteca del castillo de Alamut que fue destruida después de la captura del
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Name ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧوادﮔﯽ ردﯾف Abasalt Ostadi اﺑﺎﺻﻟت اﺳﺗﺎدى 1 Abtin Davoodi اﺑ
    رديف نام و نام خانوادگی Name 1 اباصلت استادی Abasalt Ostadi 2 ابتين داودی Abtin Davoodi 3 ابراھيم بھرامی Ebrahim Bahrami 4 ابراھيم جعفری Ebrahim Jafari 5 ابراھيم حامدی Ebrahim Hamedi 6 ابراھيم حقی صفت Ebrahim Haghisefat 7 ابراھيم رجبی Ebrahim Rajabi 8 ابراھيم رحيم زاده Ebrahim Rahimzadeh 9 ابراھيم رحيمی Ebrahim Rahimi 10 ا براھيم ر نجبر Ebrahim Ranjbar 11 ابراھيم زارع Ebrahim Zare 12 ابراھيم عليزاده Ebrahim Alizadeh 13 ابراھيم معصومی Ebrahim Masoumi 14 ابراھيم ھوشيار Ebrahim Hoshyar 15 ابراھيم وطن خواه Ebrahim Vatankhah 16 ابوالحسن طاھری Abolhassan Taheri 17 ابوالفضل اصغری Abalfazl Asghari 18 ابوالفضل آبکار Abolfazl Abkar 19 ابوالفضل بذرافشان Abolfazl Bazrafshan 20 ا بوالفضل جﻻل وند Abolf az l Ja lal vand 21 ابوالفضل خدابنده لو Abolfazl Khodabandehloo 22 ابوالفضل رشيدا Abolfazl Rashida 23 ابوالفضل زمانی نيا Abolfazl Zamani 24 ابوالفضل ساﻻريان نژاد Abolfazl Salariyannejad 25 ابوالفضللفل سالک Abolfazl Salek 26 ابوالفضل سيد ميرزائی Abolfazl Seyedmirzaei 27 ابوالفضل صادقی روان Abolfazl Sadeghiravan 28 ابوالفضل عرب Abolfazl Arab 29 ابوالفضل عسگرزاده Abolfazl Asgarzadeh 30 ابوالفضل علمدارنظام Abolfazl Alamdarnezam 31 ابوالفضل محمد عليخانی Abolfazl Mohammadalikhani 32 ابوالفضل ملکی فرد Abolfazl Malekifard 33 ابوالقاسم حسن عربی Abolghasem Hassanarabi 34 ابوالقاسم سﻻمت Abolghasem Salamat 35 ابوذر حسن پور Abouzar Hassanpour 36 ابوذر کساييان Abouzar Kasaeiyan 37 اتابک نظری Atabak Nazari 38 احد بابايی Ahad Babaei 39 احد خسروی Ahad Khosravi 40 احد س رداری نژاد Ahad Sardarinejad 41 احد کرکه آبادی Ahad Karkeabadi 42 احد ولی پورشکوھی Ahad Valipourshokouhi
    [Show full text]
  • Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369
    Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369, Fravardin & l FEZAN A IN S I D E T HJ S I S S U E Federation of Zoroastrian • Summer 2000, Tabestal1 1369 YZ • Associations of North America http://www.fezana.org PRESIDENT: Framroze K. Patel 3 Editorial - Pallan R. Ichaporia 9 South Circle, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 (732) 634-8585, (732) 636-5957 (F) 4 From the President - Framroze K. Patel president@ fezana. org 5 FEZANA Update 6 On the North American Scene FEZ ANA 10 Coming Events (World Congress 2000) Jr ([]) UJIR<J~ AIL '14 Interfaith PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF '15 Around the World NORTH AMERICA 20 A Millennium Gift - Four New Agiaries in Mumbai CHAIRPERSON: Khorshed Jungalwala Rohinton M. Rivetna 53 Firecut Lane, Sudbury, MA 01776 Cover Story: (978) 443-6858, (978) 440-8370 (F) 22 kayj@ ziplink.net Honoring our Past: History of Iran, from Legendary Times EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Roshan Rivetna 5750 S. Jackson St. Hinsdale, IL 60521 through the Sasanian Empire (630) 325-5383, (630) 734-1579 (F) Guest Editor Pallan R. Ichaporia ri vetna@ lucent. com 23 A Place in World History MILESTONES/ ANNOUNCEMENTS Roshan Rivetna with Pallan R. Ichaporia Mahrukh Motafram 33 Legendary History of the Peshdadians - Pallan R. Ichaporia 2390 Chanticleer, Brookfield, WI 53045 (414) 821-5296, [email protected] 35 Jamshid, History or Myth? - Pen1in J. Mist1y EDITORS 37 The Kayanian Dynasty - Pallan R. Ichaporia Adel Engineer, Dolly Malva, Jamshed Udvadia 40 The Persian Empire of the Achaemenians Pallan R. Ichaporia YOUTHFULLY SPEAKING: Nenshad Bardoliwalla 47 The Parthian Empire - Rashna P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today
    Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today Ercan Karakoç Abstract After initiation of the glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) policies in the USSR by Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union started to crumble, and old, forgotten, suppressed problems especially regarding territorial claims between Azerbaijanis and Armenians reemerged. Although Mountainous (Nagorno) Karabakh is officially part of Azerbaijan Republic, after fierce and bloody clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, the entire Nagorno Karabakh region and seven additional surrounding districts of Lachin, Kelbajar, Agdam, Jabrail, Fizuli, Khubadly and Zengilan, it means over 20 per cent of Azerbaijan, were occupied by Armenians, and because of serious war situations, many Azerbaijanis living in these areas had to migrate from their homeland to Azerbaijan and they have been living under miserable conditions since the early 1990s. Keywords: Karabakh, Caucasia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Russia and Soviet Union Assistant Professor of Modern Turkish History, Yıldız Technical University, [email protected] 1003 Karakoç, E. (2011). A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today. International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 8:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en Geçmişten günümüze Karabağ tarihi üzerine bir değerlendirme Ercan Karakoç Özet Mihail Gorbaçov tarafından başlatılan glasnost (açıklık) ve perestroyka (yeniden inşa) politikalarından sonra Sovyetler Birliği parçalanma sürecine girdi ve birlik coğrafyasındaki unutulmuş ve bastırılmış olan eski problemler, özellikle Azerbaycan Türkleri ve Ermeniler arasındaki sınır sorunları yeniden gün yüzüne çıktı. Bu bağlamda, hukuken Azerbaycan devletinin bir parçası olan Dağlık Karabağ bölgesi ve çevresindeki Laçin, Kelbecer, Cebrail, Agdam, Fizuli, Zengilan ve Kubatlı gibi yedi semt, yani yaklaşık olarak Azerbaycan‟ın yüzde yirmiye yakın toprağı, her iki toplum arasındaki şiddetli ve kanlı çarpışmalardan sonra Ermeniler tarafından işgal edildi.
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Business in Azerbaijan (9Th-17Th Centuries)
    History Nurulla ALIYEV Captain I rank in reserve, Doctor of History, Professor Naval business in Azerbaijan (9th-17th centuries) he naval business in Azerbaijan is rooted in the is the only harbor in the region” (1, p. 70) after the capital depths of centuries. With the appearance of of the state was relocated here as a result of the destruc- Azerbaijani feudal states in the 9th-10th centuries, tion of the former capital Shamakhi by an earthquake in T th especially with the strengthening of the state of the 1192. According to 12 century Azerbaijani poet Kha- Shirvanshahs, the naval business in Azerbaijan received gani, Baku became a major port and the center of in- significant development. ternational transit trade on the Caspian Sea, which had As an important part of the armed forces in the 10th- a positive impact on the development of shipbuilding 13th centuries, the Shirvanshahs paid special attention and the construction of fortifications. to the construction of fortifications on the coast and to Thus, under Shirvanshah Fariburz III (1225-1243), the development of military shipbuilding. In the 10th- the Sabayil fortress, which served as a military base for 12th centuries, the fleet of the Shirvanshahs had several the Shirvanshah fleet, was built on one of the islands dozen ships. During this period, the Shirvanshah fleet near Baku. took an active part in repulsing attacks from the sea. The In connection with the acute need to protect the fleet became especially strong under Shirvanshah Akh- coast from attacks by Vikings and Russians at the end sitan I (1160-1196) in the 12th century.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of Educational Teaching in Shahnameh and Iliad Elhamshahverdi and Dr.Masoodsepahvandi Abstract
    Date:12/1/18 A Comparative Analysis of Educational Teaching in Shahnameh and Iliad Elhamshahverdi and dr.Masoodsepahvandi Abstract Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Homer's Iliad are among the first literary masterpieces of Iran and Greece. These teachings include the educational teachings of Zal and Roudabeh, and Paris and Helen. This paper presents a comparative look at the immortal effect of this Iranian poet with Homer's poem-- the Greek blind poet. In this comparison, using a content analysis method, the effects of the educational teachings of these two stories are extracted and expressed, The results of this study show that the human and universal educational teachings of Shahnameh are far more than that of Homer's Iliad. Keywords: teachings, education,analysis,Shahname,Iliad. Introduction The literature of every nation is a mirror of the entirety of thought, culture and customs of that nation, which can be expressed in elegance and artistic delicacy in many different ways. Shahnameh and Iliad both represent the literature of the two peoples of Iran and Greece, which contain moral values for the happiness of the individual and society. "The most obvious points of Shahnameh are its advice and many examples and moral commands. To do this, Ferdowsi has taken every opportunity and has made every event an excuse. Even kings and warriors are used for this purpose. "Comparative literature is also an important foundation for the exodus of indigenous literature from isolation, and it will be a part of the entire literary heritage of the world, exposed to thoughts and ideas, and is also capable of helping to identify contemplation legacies in the understanding and friendship of the various nations."(Ghanimi, 44: 1994) Epic literature includes poems that have a spiritual aspect, not an individual one.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the Black and White Symbolic Horses in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi Hassan Tajik Mohammadieh 1, Ata Mohammad Radmanesh 2* , Mehrdad Chatraei 3 1
    Volume 1, Number 1, 2016 Iranian journal of educational Sociology | 154 __________________________________________________________________ Iranian journal of educational Sociology (Interdisciplinary Journal of Education) Available online at: http://www.iase-idje.ir/ Volume 1, Number 1, December 2016 A comparative study of the black and white symbolic horses in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi Hassan Tajik Mohammadieh 1, Ata Mohammad Radmanesh 2* , Mehrdad Chatraei 3 1. PhD student of Persian language and literature, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Najaf Abad, Iran 2. Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad Branch, Najaf Abad, Iran. 3. Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad Branch, Najaf Abad, Iran. Article history: Abstract Received date: 10 December 2015 The horse especially those in black or white assume a much enigmatic Review date: 15 June 2016 stance in the Iranian culture and as we know, color plays the role of the Accepted date:8 November 2016 decoder to a great number of concepts in legends. The black color Printed on line: 29 December 2016 represents often mourning and darkness. In Europe, the black color is viwed negatively. A person wearing black, or a black snake both are deemed as icons which represent dark and hopelessness. The dead are Keywords: celebrated in black atmosphere within the church. Black, as opposed to Horse, Symbol, Color, White, Black white, was normally regarded as Ahriman and the forces related to him such as falsification, wickedness and evil throughout the ancient Iranian legends. From the very beginning of the "Legend of Creation", Ahura Mazda is in the bright Upper-World whereas Ahriman resides in the dark Lower-World.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi
    Official Digitized Version by Victoria Arakelova; with errata fixed from the print edition ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI YEREVAN SERIES FOR ORIENTAL STUDIES Edited by Garnik S. Asatrian Vol.1 SIAVASH LORNEJAD ALI DOOSTZADEH ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies Yerevan 2012 Siavash Lornejad, Ali Doostzadeh On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi Guest Editor of the Volume Victoria Arakelova The monograph examines several anachronisms, misinterpretations and outright distortions related to the great Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi, that have been introduced since the USSR campaign for Nezami‖s 800th anniversary in the 1930s and 1940s. The authors of the monograph provide a critical analysis of both the arguments and terms put forward primarily by Soviet Oriental school, and those introduced in modern nationalistic writings, which misrepresent the background and cultural heritage of Nezami. Outright forgeries, including those about an alleged Turkish Divan by Nezami Ganjavi and falsified verses first published in Azerbaijan SSR, which have found their way into Persian publications, are also in the focus of the authors‖ attention. An important contribution of the book is that it highlights three rare and previously neglected historical sources with regards to the population of Arran and Azerbaijan, which provide information on the social conditions and ethnography of the urban Iranian Muslim population of the area and are indispensable for serious study of the Persian literature and Iranian culture of the period. ISBN 978-99930-69-74-4 The first print of the book was published by the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies in 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER CENTER for IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol
    CIS NEWSLETTER CENTER FOR IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 13, No.2 MEALAC–Columbia University–New York Fall 2001 Encyclopædia Iranica: Volume X Published Fascicle 1, Volume XI in Press With the publication of fascicle ISLAMIC PERSIA: HISTORY AND 6 in the Summer of 2001, Volume BIOGRAPHY X of the Encyclopædia Iranica was Eight entries treat Persian his- completed. The first fascicle of Vol- tory from medieval to modern ume XI is in press and will be pub- times, including “Golden Horde,” lished in December 2001. The first name given to the Mongol Khanate fascicle of volume XI features over 60 ruled by the descendents of Juji, the articles on various aspects of Persian eldest son of Genghis Khan, by P. Jack- culture and history. son. “Golshan-e Morad,” a history of the PRE-ISLAMIC PERSIA Zand Dynasty, authored by Mirza Mohammad Abu’l-Hasan Ghaffari, by J. Shirin Neshat Nine entries feature Persia’s Pre-Is- Perry. “Golestan Treaty,” agreement lamic history and religions: “Gnosti- arranged under British auspices to end at Iranian-American Forum cism” in pre-Islamic Iranian world, by the Russo-Persian War of 1804-13, by K. Rudolph. “Gobryas,” the most widely On the 22nd of September, the E. Daniel. “Joseph Arthur de known form of the old Persian name Encyclopædia Iranica’s Iranian-Ameri- Gobineau,” French man of letters, art- Gaub(a)ruva, by R. Schmitt. “Giyan ist, polemist, Orientalist, and diplomat can Forum (IAF) organized it’s inau- Tepe,” large archeological mound lo- who served as Ambassador of France in gural event: a cocktail party and pre- cated in Lorestan province, by E.
    [Show full text]
  • Susa and Memnon Through the Ages 15 4
    Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture www.dabirjournal.org Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review ISSN: 2470-4040 Vol.01 No.04.2017 1 xšnaoθrahe ahurahe mazdå Detail from above the entrance of Tehran’s fire temple, 1286š/1917–18. Photo by © Shervin Farridnejad The Digital Archive of Brief Notes & Iran Review (DABIR) ISSN: 2470-4040 www.dabirjournal.org Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture University of California, Irvine 1st Floor Humanities Gateway Irvine, CA 92697-3370 Editor-in-Chief Touraj Daryaee (University of California, Irvine) Editors Parsa Daneshmand (Oxford University) Arash Zeini (Freie Universität Berlin) Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Judith A. Lerner (ISAW NYU) Book Review Editor Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Advisory Board Samra Azarnouche (École pratique des hautes études); Dominic P. Brookshaw (Oxford University); Matthew Canepa (University of Minnesota); Ashk Dahlén (Uppsala University); Peyvand Firouzeh (Cambridge University); Leonardo Gregoratti (Durham University); Frantz Grenet (Collège de France); Wouter F.M. Henkelman (École Pratique des Hautes Études); Rasoul Jafarian (Tehran University); Nasir al-Ka‘abi (University of Kufa); Andromache Karanika (UC Irvine); Agnes Korn (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main); Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (University of Edinburgh); Jason Mokhtarain (University of Indiana); Ali Mousavi (UC Irvine); Mahmoud Omidsalar (CSU Los Angeles); Antonio Panaino (Univer- sity of Bologna); Alka Patel (UC Irvine); Richard Payne (University of Chicago); Khodadad Rezakhani (Princeton University); Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis (British Museum); M. Rahim Shayegan (UCLA); Rolf Strootman (Utrecht University); Giusto Traina (University of Paris-Sorbonne); Mohsen Zakeri (Univer- sity of Göttingen) Logo design by Charles Li Layout and typesetting by Kourosh Beighpour Contents Articles & Notes 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Koosan Fire Temple in the Heart of Tabarestan Mountains
    The Forgotten Ancient Fire Temples of Iran. Compiled by Phil Masters Koosan Fire Temple in the heart of Tabarestan mountains Aftab Yazdani: Koosan (or Toosan) Fire Temple in Behshahr, is one of the countless fire temples remaining from the Sassanian era. Zahireddin has called it Koosan in his book, where he says: “The son of Qobad built a fire temple in that place.” Based on notes from Ebn Esfandiar, on this fire temple a military camp was built by the Arabs. However, the discovery of ancient relics and a whole lot of coins from the Sassanian era proves the value and importance that this place had for the Sassanians. This fire Temple is situated 4 km on the west of Behshahr. Enb Esfandiar has written about this fire temple and says that: “Firooz Shah, and possibly the Sassanian Firooz has visited this Fire Temple.” This Fire Temple is on the southwest of Assiabesar Village, on top of a small mountain, and has been registered in the national heritage list under No. 5410. The structure is 8.5 X 8.5 m in size. It is built of stone and mortar (plaster of lime and ash or sand) and the outside surface of the walls have been built with stones laid orderly with geometrical pattern, and the walls have been filled with shavings and earth. Behshahr is a city on the east of Mazandaran province. Kouhestan Village is 6 km on the west of Behshahr district. The old name of Kouhestan was Koosan and its age is estimated to go back to the pre-Islamic period.
    [Show full text]
  • Jnasci-2015-1195-1202
    Journal of Novel Applied Sciences Available online at www.jnasci.org ©2015 JNAS Journal-2015-4-11/1195-1202 ISSN 2322-5149 ©2015 JNAS Relationships between Timurid Empire and Qara Qoyunlu & Aq Qoyunlu Turkmens Jamshid Norouzi1 and Wirya Azizi2* 1- Assistant Professor of History Department of Payame Noor University 2- M.A of Iran’s Islamic Era History of Payame Noor University Corresponding author: Wirya Azizi ABSTRACT: Following Abu Saeed Ilkhan’s death (from Mongol Empire), for half a century, Iranian lands were reigned by local rules. Finally, lately in the 8th century, Amir Timur thrived from Transoxiana in northeastern Iran, and gradually made obedient Iran and surrounding countries. However, in the Northwest of Iran, Turkmen tribes reigned but during the Timurid raids they had returned to obedience, and just as withdrawal of the Timurid troops, they were quickly back their former power. These clans and tribes sometimes were troublesome to the Ottoman Empires and Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. Due to the remoteness of these regions of Timurid Capital and, more importantly, lack of permanent government administrations and organizations of the Timurid capital, following Amir Timur’s death, because of dynastic struggles among his Sons and Grandsons, the Turkmens under these conditions were increasing their power and then they had challenged the Timurid princes. The most important goals of this study has focused on investigation of their relationships and struggles. How and why Timurid Empire has begun to combat against Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu Turkmens; what were the reasons for the failure of the Timurid deal with them, these are the questions that we try to find the answers in our study.
    [Show full text]
  • The History and Characteristics of Traditional Sports in Central Asia : Tajikistan
    The History and Characteristics of Traditional Sports in Central Asia : Tajikistan 著者 Ubaidulloev Zubaidullo journal or The bulletin of Faculty of Health and Sport publication title Sciences volume 38 page range 43-58 year 2015-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00126173 筑波大学体育系紀要 Bull. Facul. Health & Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba 38 43-58, 2015 43 The History and Characteristics of Traditional Sports in Central Asia: Tajikistan Zubaidullo UBAIDULLOEV ＊ Abstract Tajik people have a rich and old traditions of sports. The traditional sports and games of Tajik people, which from ancient times survived till our modern times, are: archery, jogging, jumping, wrestling, horse race, chavgon (equestrian polo), buzkashi, chess, nard (backgammon), etc. The article begins with an introduction observing the Tajik people, their history, origin and hardships to keep their culture, due to several foreign invasions. The article consists of sections Running, Jumping, Lance Throwing, Archery, Wrestling, Buzkashi, Chavgon, Chess, Nard (Backgammon) and Conclusion. In each section, the author tries to analyze the origin, history and characteristics of each game refering to ancient and old Persian literature. Traditional sports of Tajik people contribute as the symbol and identity of Persian culture at one hand, and at another, as the combination and synthesis of the Persian and Central Asian cultures. Central Asia has a rich history of the traditional sports and games, and significantly contributed to the sports world as the birthplace of many modern sports and games, such as polo, wrestling, chess etc. Unfortunately, this theme has not been yet studied academically and internationally in modern times. Few sources and materials are available in Russian, English and Central Asian languages, including Tajiki.
    [Show full text]