CIS NEWSLETTER CENTER FOR NEWSLETTER Vol. 13, No.2 MEALAC–Columbia University–New York Fall 2001

Encyclopædia Iranica: Volume Published Fascicle 1, Volume XI in Press

With the publication of fascicle ISLAMIC PERSIA: HISTORY AND 6 in the Summer of 2001, Volume BIOGRAPHY X of the Encyclopædia Iranica was Eight entries treat Persian his- completed. The first fascicle of Vol- tory from medieval to modern ume XI is in press and will be pub- times, including “Golden Horde,” lished in December 2001. The first name given to the Mongol Khanate fascicle of volume XI features over 60 ruled by the descendents of Juji, the articles on various aspects of Persian eldest son of Genghis Khan, by P. Jack- culture and history. son. “Golshan- Morad,” a history of the PRE-ISLAMIC PERSIA , authored by Mirza Mohammad Abu’-Hasan Ghaffari, by . Shirin Neshat Nine entries feature Persia’ Pre-Is- Perry. “Golestan Treaty,” agreement lamic history and religions: “Gnosti- arranged under British auspices to end at Iranian-American Forum cism” in pre-Islamic Iranian world, by the Russo-Persian War of 1804-13, by . Rudolph. “Gobryas,” the most widely On the 22nd of September, the E. Daniel. “Joseph Arthur de known form of the name Encyclopædia Iranica’s Iranian-Ameri- Gobineau,” French man of letters, art- Gaub(a)ruva, by . Schmitt. “Giyan ist, polemist, Orientalist, and diplomat can Forum (IAF) organized it’s inau- Tepe,” large archeological mound lo- who served as Ambassador of France in gural event: a cocktail party and pre- cated in Lorestan province, by E. . the court of Naser al-Din and wrote sentation by Shrin Neshat at the Plum Negahban. “Godin Tepe,” Median ar- on Persia, by J. Calmard. “Jacobus Blossoms Gallery in the Chelsea neigh- chaeological site in central Zagros, by Golius,” Orientalist of the Safavid pe- borhood of Manhattan. IAF’s lecture . Cuyler Young, Jr. “Gobadshah,” riod, by J. T. P. De Bruijn. “Major Gen- series are organized to raise name of a mythical ruler first appear- ing in medieval , by . Continued on page 2 awareness and understanding for . Mackenzie. “Golinduch,” 6th cen- Encyclopædia Iranica, promote tury female Christian martyr, by S. Gala Benefit Dinner dialogue among those interested in Brock. “Robert Gobl,” noted Austrian Persian culture, particularly young numismatist, by . Alram. “Gobayra,” Los Angeles, professionals, and explore Persian arts, medieval township in Kerman province, March 9, 2002 poetry, literature, and cinema. by A. D. . Bivar. And “Gold” i.e. pro- Internationally renowned photogra- duction of gold in Persia in the pre-Is- Annual gala benefit dinners Shirin Neshat lamic period, by J. Ross. phy and video artist organized by Friends of the proved an excellent choice for this Encyclopædia Iranica are event. Neshat’s works, which ques- becoming a feature of our tion presumptions about gender roles fundraising activities. The in Islam, have been exhibited in many recent series of such galas countries, and her solo shows have began in New York in 1999, been held at the Whitney Museum of followed by a gala in Washing- American Art, London’s Tate Gallery ton D.. in 2001, both charac- of Modern Art, and the Art Institute terized by excellent programs, of Chicago. large attendance, and splendid results. The next gala benefit In his opening remarks Prof. dinner will take place in Los Yarshater extended the appreciation Angeles at the Beverly Hills of the staff of Encyclopædia Iranica Hotel on March 9, 2002 and it to Shirin Neshat and the Executive Committee of the Iranian-American • Gold cup from 8th-7th .C.E., promises to be one of the most Bastan Museum, ; from Continued on page 4 the entry “Gold.” Continued on page 6 CIS NEWSLETTER 2

of six entries, com- name of the prising “Andre 20th century Godard,” French ar- poet Majd al- chitect, archeologist, Din and art historian, by Mirfakhra’i, by E. Gran-Aymerich A. Karimi- and M. Marefat. “Gol Hakkak. “A. o Bolbol,” (rose and Ahmad nightingale), a popu- Golchin-e lar literary and deco- Ma’ani,” liter- rative theme, by L. ary scholar, Diba. “Gholamreza bibliographer, Khoshnevis and poet, by I. Esfahani,” calligra- Afshar. And pher and epigraphist “Barnama-ye of late 19th century Golha,” (lit., Persia; and “Ali Akbar Flower Pro- Golestana,” a calligra- gram) a series pher, scholar, and of radio pro- mystic of late 19th grams combin- century Persia, both ing classical by M. Ekhtiar. Persian music “Golshan Album,” a and Persian sumptuous 16th-cen- poetry, that tury album of paint- was on the air ings, drawings, callig- for almost 23 raphy, and engravings years from “J. A. de Gobineau” • Mirror Case, from the entry “Gol o Bolbol.” by Mughal, Persian, 1956-79, by D. Deccani, Turkish, and Pirnia and E. Nakjavani. eral Goldsmid,” British scholar, nego- European artists in the Golestan Pal- Also related to literature is the entry tiator and arbitrator of the Perso-Afghan ace Library; “Golestan-e Honar,” a 16th “Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von” on boundary dispute in 1870s, by D. century treatise on the art of calligra- Hafez’s influence on the German poet, Wright. “Arbab ,” Zoroas- phy, both by K. Eslami. by H. Tafazoli; and “Goethe Institute trian philanthropist and Senator, by . in Tehran,” German institute for teach- LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS: Mehr. “Abbasqoli Golshaian,” civil ser- ing German abroad founded in 1951, by vant, minister in several cabinets, and and literature is the H. Chehabi. governor-general of major provinces in subject of seven entries. An entry on the Pahlavi period, by A. Milani. Sadi’s “Golestan,” probably the single PRESS: most influential work of prose in the ART AND ARCHITECTURE A number of Persian newspapers, Persian tradition, by F. Lewis. “Hosayn magazines, and publishers are treated Art and Architecture is the subject Golgolab,” botanist, musician, poet, in this fascicle, including “Gity,” leftist scholar, and daily paper published in 1943; “Gol-e member of the Zard,” literary, socio-satirical newspa- Persian Academy per published from 1918-24; “Golestan,” of Language, by several newspapers by that name pub- H. Ettehad- lished in Tehran; and “Golshan,” cul- Baboli. “Gioni,” a tural magazine published in the early Persian dialect of days of 1917 in Tehran, all by N. Parvin. the Northern Lori “Farid al-Dawla Golgun,” Constitution- Type, by C. alist and journalist, publisher and edi- Mackinnon. tor of Golgun newspaper published in “Francis Hamadan, by P. Azkai. And “Golaqa,” a Gladwin,” lexi- weekly satirical magazine founded by cographer and Kayumart Saberi in 1990, by EIr. translator of works of Persian SHI’ISM AND SUFISM literature into Shi’ism and Sufism are the subject English, by P. of five enties: “Gholat,” term for Loloi. “Golchin “exaggerators” applied to extremist • Gold bracelet, 11th-12th Century; Smithsonian Institution. Gilani,” pen- From the entry “Gold” Shi’ites, by H. Halm. “Ala’-al-Din 3 CIS NEWSLETTER

Golestana,” prominent religious scholar Persia, by J. Sadaqat-Khish. “Golab,” of the Safavid period from Shiraz, by H. rosewater, by H. A’lam. “Glass,” i.e., Algar. Grand Ayatollah Sayyed production of glass in Persia from pre- Mohammad “Golpayagani,” a prominent Islamic period, by J. Kroger. “Gold,” i.e., Shi’ite source of emulation (marja-e production of gold in Persia in the pre- taqlid) at Qom in the early 1960s-early Islamic period by, J. Ross and in Islamic 1990s, by A. Period by J. Allan. Kazemi Also presented in this fascicle are Mousavi. three entries on flora of Persia: two of “Gisudaraz,” them thorough articles under the title popular title “Gol,” one in the sense of “Rose,” the of Sayyed other in the sense of “Flower”; and Mohammad “Golpar,” any of several perennial aro- b. Yusof matic herbaceous plants of the genus Hosayni, In- Heracleum, both by H. A’lam. dian trans- mitter of Sufi Geography of Persia is the subject of traditions, by two entries: “Glaciers and Ice Fields in R. M. Eaton. Persia”, by E. Ehlers; and “Golpayagan,” sub-province and town located in • A pair of Giva, from the entry “ Golshan-e “Giva.” • “Andrè Godard” Raz,” (The Isfahan province, by M. Yousofnezhad. Rose Garden historian and daughter of Zahir-al-Din CENTRAL ASIA, INDIA, of Mysteries), a concise didactic Babor, the founder of Mughal Dynasty AND OTTOMAN EMPIRE mathnavi explaining over 1,000 terms in India, who wrote her historical works and concepts of Sufism, by H. Algar. Cultural relations between Persia and in Persian, by M. Rahman. neighboring countries of Central Asia, “Golshan Dehlavi,”Naqshbandi Sufi MATERIAL CULTURE & GEOGRAPHY Indian Sub-continent, and Ottoman and prolific poet in Persian with the pen Five entries treat material culture, in- Empire is the subject of eight entries: name Golshan by M. Aqeel. cluding “Giva,” a traditional footwear in “Gojdavan,” town and district close to Bukhara, by H. Borjian. “Ghobari, Abd-al-Rahman b. Abd- Allah,” Ottoman poet, calligrapher, and Sufi who wrote in both Turkish and Persian; “Golpinarli Abdolbaki,” Turkish scholar, noted in particular for his studies of the Turkish Sufi orders; “Gol- shahri Solayman,” Ot- toman Sufi and poet who wrote in Persian and Turkish, all by T. Yazici. “Golshani Ebrahim,” Sufi, poet, and the founder of the Golshaniya branch of the Khalwati Sufi Or- der, by EIr. “Gholam- sarvar Lahuri,” 19th century historian, hagio-grapher, and poet in Persian and Urdu; and “Gholam Hosayn Khan Taba- tabai,” both by A. Naushahi. “Golbadan • Ewer with cut decoration, 10th-12th Century Begom,” 16th century from the entry “Glass” • Calligraphy from the entry “Golshan Album” CIS NEWSLETTER 4

Friends of the Encyclopædia and an ac- tive philanthropist and Encyclopædia Iranica helper of various chari- In the course of the past six months table causes. news the Editor of the Encyclopædia Iranica visited Paris, Lausanne, Lausanne & Geneva Geneva, London, Los Angeles, Seattle, In Switzerland the Vancouver, San Francisco, and Wash- Editor first visited ington, D.C., in order to meet with Lausanne on June 9, friends and prospective supporters of where he met with Prof. the Encyclopædia Iranica. Hossein Sadeghi, and Dr. Houchang Hadji, two Paris friends and supporters of the Encyclopædia. From The Association des Amis de Lausanne he proceeded • Mrs. Ahi, Dr. Sassanfar, Prof. Ganjbakhch and Mr. Eshragh l’Encyclopedie Iranica in Paris orga- to Geneva where he at- nized a gathering at the National Insti- tended a meeting organized by a group ment of the Gala is already out, and tute for Oriental Languages and Cul- of Encyclopædia Iranica’s friends, fol- the hard work and dedicated efforts tures on June 7, 2001 in support of lowed by cocktails, all generously spon- of the Committee and the various sub- Iranica. The meeting was attended by sored by Mr. Mansour Afshar. Mr. committees promise excellent results. over thirty members of the Association Abolfath Mahvi, an erstwhile sup- and other friends of Iranica. Profes- porter of the Encyclopædia and the Seattle sor Ganjbakhch, the President of founder of the Mahvi Foundation (un- th the Association, gave a report of the On 5 of October at the invitation fortunately no longer in existence), and of Dr. Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak, Prof. past activities and future programs of a number of supporters of the of Persian Language and Literature at the Association and called on the audi- Encyclopædia also attended, including the University of Washington, Prof. ence and others to support the Ency- Mrs. Barazandeh Achraf-Arjomand; clopedia so that the project may be Yarshater attended a gathering at the Editor gave a report of the Project’s the Henry Art Gallery of the Univer- completed in years to come. Dr. activities. At a subsequent meeting, an sity of Washington to acquaint the Per- Yarshater followed by presenting a “association” of the Friends of the sian community of Seattle with the detailed report on the activities of En- Encyclopædia Iranica for fundraising cyclopedia Iranica and its Foundation Encyclopædia Iranica and encourage was formed with Dr. Nasseredin their support. Over 150 community and he then extended the gratitude of Parvin, Dr. Shapur Rassekh, Dr. members and a number of prominent the staff of the Encyclopædia Iranica Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Mr. Farokh officials of the University attended the to Prof. Ganjbakhch, Dr. Abbas Derakhshani, and Mrs. Vakili as its gathering. Sassanfar, Vice President, Mr. members. It is hoped that the commit- Abdolhamid Eshragh, Secretary, and tee will become active soon. Prof. Karimi opened the meeting Mrs. Farideh Ahi, Treasurer of the with a description of the Encyclopædia Association. He pointed out that the London Iranica, its mission, and its need for Association has been among the most support. Prof. Michael Halleran, the active and successful ever to promote On June 14 of this year, the Editor, Associate Dean of the College of Arts the Encyclopedia Iranica. He espe- together with Mr. Abdol Hamid and Sciences, and Prof. Michael cially praised the indefatigable Mr. Eshragh who kindly took time off to Williams, the Chair of the Department Eshragh for his relentless efforts on be- accompany him, attended a reception of Near Eastern Languages and half of the Encyclopædia. organized in London at the residence Cultures, also pointed out the signifi- Mr. Eshragh, in his turn, expressed of Dr. Azar Ebtehaj. Dr. Ebtehaj cance of the project, and expressed his gratitude to the Friends of opened the session by extending her their appreciation to Prof. Karimi for Encyclopædia Iranica in Paris who gratitude to Prof. Yarshater, and organizing the gathering. Prof. Jere had so enthusiastically embraced the called for support of the Encyclopædia Bachrach, Director of Jackson School cause of the project. As evidence of Iranica. Dr. Yarshater discussed the of International Studies who was out this, he pointed out a few of the suc- challenges and prospects of the Iranica of town, had sent a message of support. project. cesses achieved in just the past two Prof. Yarshater briefly spoke about years. Chief among these was the for- the Encyclopædia Iranica project, its mation of the “1000 Club” in France, Los Angeles history, the support it received over the which totaled fifteen members and At the invitation of Dr. Ata years from the National Endowment added two more members before the Montazeri, the founding President of for the Humanities, and its need for the evening’s proceedings came to a close. the Keyan Foundation, the Editor assistance of all those who appreciate The evening ended on a happy note visited Los Angeles in early October a reliable record of the facts of when Mr. Eshragh handed over a where he met with the Executive Persian history and culture. A ques- check in the amount of $10,000 for the Committee of the Gala 2002 (March 9). tion and answer session followed. Encyclopædia Iranica. The donation He was briefed about the progress of After the meeting a delightful dinner came from Mrs. Houri Moghadam the venture and the activities planned (Mostowfi), a loyal friend of the by the Committee. The first announce- Continued on next page 5 CIS NEWSLETTER

UPPORT FOR S Rastegar, Sedigheh Farhangi, Manouchehr ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA Bekhrad, Fereshteh Ghiai-Chamlou, Mariette Ghahary, Dr. Akbar Monaghah, Amir Nosrat The Encyclopædia Iranica is a project Friends of Iranica in Paris Shahidi, Soraya of Columbia University carried out by its Bijan & Soraya Amin Foundation Zanganeh, Ghodsi funding Center for Iranian Studies. Partially sup- Iranian Jewish Cultual Org. of CA ported by the National Endowment for the Khalili, Nardjes Sustainers Humanities, the project is being made Amanat, Besharat possible by donations from institutions and 2000 Club Najafi, Said individuals. We acknowledge with thanks Achraf-Arjomand, Barazandeh Taghinia-Heller, Leila the donations by the following for the pe- Ghavami, Dr. & Mrs. Zia Zartoshty, Rostam riod of April 21-November 15, 2001. Iranian American Society, NY Zandieh, Dr. & Mrs. Mansour Supporters Patrons Edison International 1000 Club Ahoora Foundation Rassekh, Mr. & Mrs. Chapur Ahmadi, Dr. Cyrus Soudavar Memorial Foundation Samimi/Ghazinouri Atai, Dr. S. Bazargan Benefactors Fateh, Dr. Majid Friends Amirsaleh, Hossein Amirsaleh Hakimi, Dr. Nargess Abbasian, Giti Foundation Khan-Mohamadi, Dr. M Abrar, Heschmatollah Diba, Dr. Layla Houtan, Dr. Mina Azimi, Dr. Sadegh Ghassemieh, Ali Mirlohi, Dr. Hooshang Goudarznia, Saeed Institute for Ismaili Studies SAFAS Corporation Mirjalili, Ebrahim Mimran, Patrick Shafaie, Dr. Farrokh Mortezai, Morteza & Fausia Vaseghi, Dr. Mehdi Naimi, Khodadad Sponsors 1000 Club of Paris Safaie, Mohammad Allison, Herbert & Simin Shahrivar, Shahriar Moghadam, Hamid & Christina Ahi, Farideh & Farhad

Continued from previous page of fundraising in Vancouver. Behrooz Guerami, Ms. Goli Kashani, and Dr. Farnoosh Shahrokhi, in was held at the McLean, Virginia to discuss the residence of Dr. San Francisco possibility of further fundraising and Mrs. A meeting was organized by Dr. activities for the Encyclopædia Iranica Moshiri sponsored Keyvan Tabari, Esq. on the 8th of in the Washington, D.C. area. (Mrs. by Mr. and Mrs. October in order to explore the possi- Iran Davar-, Mrs. Roya Mahmoud bility of a gala benefit dinner in the San Hakim-zadeh, Mrs. Bahareh Sharghi, Khalighi. Francisco Bay area. The meeting was and Mr. Sasan Kimiavi, who could not Thanks to the attended by a number of successful and attend, will join the group). dedicated efforts of socially active younger Iranian-Ameri- Professor Karimi, • Mr. Iraj cans (in fact the stars of the Persian It was agreed by all to keep up the and Mr. And Mrs. Khademi community in the Bay area). good work of the Washington Gala Iraj Khademi, as The Editor was much heartened by Benefit Committee and plan one or two well as some other members of the Per- the support of those who attended. fundraisers each year. sian community of Seattle, 15 sets of the A committee was formed of the attend- Encyclopædia Iranica were purchased, ees, namely, Ms. Susan Akbarpour, making Seattle proportionately the rich- Mr. Mahmood Firoozbakht, Mr. est city in terms of possession of sets Noosheen Hashemi, Ms. Gita Friends of Encylopædia of the Encyclopædia Iranica. Kashani, Ms. Ziba Marashi, Ms. Nazli Iranica in Dubai Monihan, Ms. Jaleh Miller, Ms. Chris- A group of friends of Encyclopædia Vancouver tina Moghadam, Ms. Niloofar Nouri Iranica in Dubai, including Dr. On the 6th of October the Editor (Ms. Ladan Afrasiabi, Ms. Ahmad Ahmadi, Mr. Houshang attended a dinner meeting arranged by Hariri, and Mr. Shahin Tabrizi who Didehban, Mr. Manouchehr Mrs. Nezhat Khosrowshahi, a trustee could not attend were also invited to Houshmand, Mr. Mohammad of the Encyclopædia Iranica Founda- participate). The date for the 2003 Sotoudeh, and Dr. Hamid Mousavian, tion, at her residence, where the pos- Gala was tentatively set for March 1st. met on November 11 to gather support sibility of a Gala in 2003 or 2004 was for the Encyclopædia. They organized discussed. The following day he met Washington DC a gathering on November 26 in which with Mr. Abbasgholi Bakhtiar and Mr. On the 17th of November, the a number of philanthropists in the Majid Mohseni, an active and gener- Editor was present at a meeting Persian community of Dubai attended ous supporter of the Encyclopædia attended by Dr. Abulfath Ardalan, and pledged their support for the Iranica to further discuss the prospects Mrs. Gazelle Hashemian, Mr. Encyclopædia. CIS NEWSLETTER 6

Shirin Neshat Seyhoun Receives at Iranian-American Forum Rudaki Foundation Continued from page One Award Forum for their initiative in organizing the event: Ms. Hasti Azar, Ms. Fati At a colorful ceremony, with a full Ghahary, Ms. Tamila Ghodsi, Ms. house, held in Vancouver’s Pacific Cen- Marjan Khalili, Ms. Emily Moghtaderi, ter in the Vancouver Museum on Octo- ber 7, 2001 the fourth Rudaki Ali Naraghi Sharif Nezam Mr. , Mr. Foundation’s Award was Mafi, Mr. Sasan Safai, and Ms. offered to the noted Iranian architect and Maryam Salari. artist, Houshang Seyhoun who had been Ms. Neshat, who was introduced by chosen by a committee headed by Dr. Prof. Hamid Dabashi of Columbia Uni- Monir Taha, the founding director of the Foundation. versity, showed slides of her pho- tographs and film stills before screen- Houshang Seyhoun, formerly profes- sor of architecture at Tehran University’s • Dr. Monir Taha and Prof. ing a portion of Turbulent, one of her Houshang Seyhoun Faculty of Fine Arts and its Dean from short films. Ms. Neshat also delved into 1962-1968, was born in August 22, the motivations and methods be- 1920 in Tehran. He studied first in Iran cere and engaging account of his life, the hind her work, and ended by graciously and then at the Ecole Nationale challenges he had met, and the principles answering questions from the audi- Superieure des Beaux Arts of Paris, from he had followed. He mentioned his ever ence. The lecture and screening were which he graduated as an architect in critical attitude towards his own work and followed by a lively cocktail reception. 1948. He was one of the pioneers of his constant striving for perfection. The event was thoroughly enjoyed by modern architecture in Iran and has a Part of the celebration consisted of a number of well-known monuments to his all who attended. performance by master Mahmud name, including the Ebn Sina’s (Avicenna) Zolfonoun (violin), Zarrin-Qalam • Detail of Ferver, 2000, art by Shirin mausoleum in Hamedan, Nader Shah’s (avaz) and Birjandian (Persian Neshat, featuring Houshang Touzi & in Mashhad, Khayyam’s in Nishabur, the drum). Mitra Ghamsari. Sepah Bank in Tehran, and a number of As the celebration coincided with the private houses and offices. Mehregan Festival and the fiftieth year In his appreciation speech, before he of the activity of the Rudaki Foundation, handed the Award Plaque to Mr. Seyhoun, the award ceremony was preceded by Prof. Yarshater gave an account of Seyhoun’s introductory remarks of Dr. Taha about artistic achievements, emphasizing in the Foundation and Dr. Mehrban particular his painting which has occupied Shahrvini on Mehregan. most of his time since the revolution of The earlier recipients of the award 1979. He pointed out the exceptional were Prof. Zabihollah Safa, the eminent strength of his drawing, his compositional historian of ; Nader skill and his imaginative creation of a great Naderpour, the outstanding contemporary variety of shapes and figures. poet, and Ali Tajvidi, the well-known In his response, Seyhoun gave a sin- violinist and composer.

Gala Benefit Dinner Continued from page one Executive Committee, consisting successful. The program is spon- of Dr. Shirin Semnani (Chair), sored by a number of supporters Mrs. Homa Sarshar (Co-chair) and of the Encyclopædia Iranica Mr. Shan Fazeli (Co-chair), are including Mr. Khosrow Semnani, working full speed on the pro- Vice-Chairman of our Board of gram. They invite participation Trustees and Dr. Akbar Ghahary, from the United States as well the Trustee and Treasurer of the as abroad to attend, to make do- Foundation. nations, and to offer items of The evening will honor a num- value for auction on the night of ber of outstanding individuals the gala. We would like to en- from the Persian community and courage all friends of the those who have rendered singu- Encyclopædia to take part. Hav- lar service to Persian culture. The ing a good time is guaranteed! 7 CIS NEWSLETTER

Columbia University Seminar articles outlining the advantages of reviving some sort of spiritual life in on Iranian Studies the form of mysticism and religion. restrictions that had been imposed However, as Dr. Nabavi pointed out, FESTIVALS, AUTHENTIC CULTURE these were not religious intellectu- AND THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION in the mid-1960s by the regime on the one hand, the inspiration that als, but secularists who had to write articles in order to convince them- On March 28, third-worldist movements had pro- selves together with their readers 2001, Dr. Negin vided for intellectuals on the other, that mysticism and religion offered Nabavi, Assistant as well as the counterculture in the Professor in the West. In fact, she added, even though feasible alternatives, and had the po- Department of the notion of an ‘authentic culture’ tential of bringing about a more eq- Near Eastern remained vague, the idea of regain- uitable society. This did not mean that secularists had suddenly be- Studies, Princeton ing an ‘authentic culture’ became so come religious. Rather if mysticism University, led a popular and widespread that even and religion appealed now, it was discussion on the establishment could not remain “Festivals, Au- impervious to it for long. So it, too, because it conformed to the third- • Dr. Negin worldist discourse of authenticity, Nabavi thentic Culture attempted to reinforce an ‘authentic and the Islamic culture’ through several means, coincided with the suggestions put forward by anti-technocratic think- Revolution.” She introduced the sub- among them the formulation of a cul- ers of the West, and proposed an ject-matter by posing a few ques- tural policy, and the organization of alternative to the principle of authen- tions: Why was it that in the early different cultural festivals, such as months following the revolution, the Festival of Culture and Art, the ticity put forth by the establishment. when secular and left-leaning intel- Shiraz Arts Festival, the Festival of (Among those advancing such an lectuals were increasingly being sub- Tus, and the Festival of Popular Cul- argument, she mentioned the example of Mehdi Parham.) jected to accusations of ‘propagating ture. They shared the aim of famil- western values’, they hesitated to iarization with and promotion of past In conclusion, Dr. Nabavi reiter- pose a challenge? Why was it that traditions, primarily through display, ated that in an atmosphere where intellectuals who, in their capacity both to unite the nation and to de- defining the characteristics of an as intellectuals, would have consid- fine an identity for the country, as ‘Eastern’ as opposed to a ‘Western’ ered contesting authority and taking an ‘Eastern’ nation in the predomi- culture was of importance to all the a political stance as being part and nantly ‘Western’ world. parties involved, the festivals were parcel of being an intellectual, de- more than the absurd marginalia Disenchanted intellectuals, how- cided against taking a stance, and that they have often been made out ever, found this stance unsatisfac- instead engaged in what was pub- to be. licly called ‘revolutionary self-censor- tory on two levels; firstly, because it Even though they may have been ship’? was the proposition put forward by the state, and secondly, because it an attempt by the establishment to While there may have been an el- was far too conservative and elitist. remove the discussion of ‘authentic ement of exhilaration and awe at Dr. Nabavi, then, went on to discuss culture’ from the exclusivity of dis- having witnessed a mass movement the broad arguments that were put enchanted intellectuals, they may overthrow the shah, Dr. Nabavi forth by disenchanted intellectuals have ironically played a role in mak- contended that their hesitation may to distinguish themselves from the ing secular intellectuals reach the have been partly because the views cultural policy undertaken by the conclusion that ‘authentic culture’ that had been propagated at the time state. On the one hand, there were had to be other than the appearance of the revolution by Islamists those who questioned both the wis- of the culture that had been put on concerning the need for ‘cultural dom of a cultural policy, as well as show by the establishment, thus en- revival’ and ‘regaining one’s past’ the selectivity involved in the under- couraging them to look for an alter- were not so different from those that standing of ‘authentic culture’ by the native. The trend towards mysticism the secularists had been preaching state, since it was not clear to what and/or religion was one such alter- for some fifteen years. She then pro- extent the drawing of a cultural native. Of course, this did not mean ceeded to discuss what she described policy sanctioned government inter- that the secularists ever imagined as a discourse of ‘authentic culture’, ference in the task of the ‘creators of that a revolution resulting in an Is- which had become all-prevalent in culture’. (Among them, one could lamic state would take place. But intellectual circles in the late 1960s find the names of Daryush Ashuri what it did mean was that once the and 1970s. and Hamid Enayat.) On the other, first manifestations of a religious Dr. Nabavi outlined the back- there were those who argued that opposition to the regime began, ground to the emergence of this dis- real ‘authentic culture’ could only be advocating the cause of ‘authentic course and explained how it had de- found in the strong religious roots culture’, secular progressive intellec- veloped initially in the context of the of the society, and hence wrote tuals did not hesitate to embrace it. CIS NEWSLETTER 8

Research Fellow of St. John’s Passing of Three Leading Iranists College in Cam- The past six months must be considered one of the saddest periods for Ira- bridge in 1964 nian Studies as the field lost three of its leading scholars: Ilya Gershevitch, (until 1967), Ronald E. Emmerick, and Neil David MacKenzie passed away. We were indebted when he re- to all three in different ways. ceived his M.A. In 1956, I had the pleasure of receiving Ilya Gershevitch when he came to Iran and Ph.D. in Obituaries in order to study the Bashkerdi dialect in Baluchistan. In 1966 he taught at 1965. At the Columbia University as a visiting professor, when I was on sabbatical leave. I same time he consulted him frequently at the planning stage of the Encyclopædia Iranica in the worked as a Lec- early seventies. He later contributed at my request the chapter on Bactrian turer in Iranian language to the Volume III of Cambridge which I edited. Many • Ronald E. Emmerick Studies from students of Iran gravitated to his house which was always open to receive friends 1964 to 1971 at and scholars. He had intended to write a number of basic articles for the the University of London, School of Encyclopædia Iranica, but disliked the limitation of time and space that system- Oriental and African Studies. From 1967- atic encyclopedias must of necessity impose. In the end, the Encyclopædia did 8 he was a Visiting Associate Professor not benefit from his direct contribution, but he continued to give the editor the of Old and Middle Iranian at the Oriental benefit of his advise from time to time. Institute of the University of Chicago. Neil D. MacKenzie was a most valued contributor to the Encyclopædia Iranica. In 1971 he accepted a call as He also helped Iran Center’s publication program in many instances by his me- “Ordentlicher Professor” for Iranian Phi- ticulous editing and frank counseling. He was always a trusted advisor to me, lology of the University of Hamburg, on whose exacting scholarship I could count. , and lived in Quickborn near Hamburg with his family until his “pass- Ronald Emmerick was first a Consulting Editor of the Encyclopædia Iranica for ing this summer. Linguistics and later Philology and, since 1997, a member of its International Advisory Committee. He was also a frequent contributor and a true friend of the Due to his broad background in Indo- Encyclopædia. In 1997 he agreed to my proposal to edit a volume on pre-Islamic Iranian studies, Emmerick’s scholarly Iranian literatures as a companion volume to the projected “A History of Persian work is by no means restricted to the Literature”. As usual he was prompt and efficient, before his illness prevented study of Khotanese. His numerous pub- him from carrying on the task, now taken over by Prof. Maria Macuch of the Frei lications deal with different fields of re- Universität of Berlin. search, including especially philological work on Sanskrit, , Sogdian, We are most grateful to Prof. Nicholas Sims-Williams of the University of Pahlavi, and Chorasmian, among others. London for having provided us with the obituary that he wrote for Ilya Gerchevitch But he seems to have been especially and Neil MacKenzie in The Independent which we have adopted, and to Prof. fascinated by the comparatively new and Macuch who wrote the obituary of Ronald Emmerick. still badly explored field of Khotanese ever E. Yarshater since he became a research student under Harold Bailey in 1962. After hav- Ronald E. Emmerick liance was already acknowledged at an ing copied three large handwritten vol- early stage, when he finished his stud- umes of Bailey’s - as he called it – (1937-2001) ies in Latin, Greek, French and German “Khotanese Dictionary” (not yet pub- When Ronald E. Emmerick wrote an at the University of Sydney in 1959, lished) in 1963 by hand (a copy extend- obituary on his mentor and co-researcher receiving a B.A. with First Class Honors ing to 1332 pages!), he began collect- Sir Harold . Bailey, published in 1999, and the University Medal for Classics. ing material on Khotanese grammar. In he cited a quotation from Shakespeare’s He worked as a Teaching Fellow in the the course of this work it became nec- Hamlet which also fits perfectly the au- Latin Department of the Sydney Univer- essary to make a fresh close study of thor himself: “Thou art a scholar.” Pro- sity only for a short time in 1959, be- the largest extant Old Khotanese text. fessor Emmerick, who died on the 31st fore going to England in the same year, This was published in 1968 under the of August this year in Hamburg, Germany, where, eventually, he would find his true title The Book of Zambasta, A was indeed one of the foremost and most calling in the field of Oriental Studies. Khotanese Poem on Buddhism. distinguished scholars in the field of Ira- He specialized in Oriental Studies from Emmerick’s grammatical studies were nian Studies whose enthusiasm and in- 1959 to 1965 at the University of Cam- also published in the same year under spiring interest never ceased, even dur- bridge, again receiving prizes (the the title Saka Grammatical Studies. In ing the long years of his serious illness. Brotherton Sanskrit Prize; the Bhaonagar the following years he published numer- He specialized in Old and Middle Iranian Medal for Sanskrit) and the Rapson ous editions of Khotanese and languages and is best known for his out- Scholarship. In 1962 two memorable Tumshuqese texts as well as the original standing research in the field of events took place: he married Margaret Saka documents (for CII), and continued Khotanese studies to which he dedicated Ann Frohnsdorff, beginning a successful his work on Khotanese grammar and numerous books and articles. and exemplary marriage in the course of lexicology. As one of the few experts Ronald E. Emmerick was born on the which three children were born, and he in the field, he was extremely critical of 9th of March 1937 in Sydney, Australia, began his fruitful research work under Bailey’s Dictionary of Khotan Saka when as the only son of his parents. His bril- Harold W. Bailey in the field of Indo- it finally appeared in 1979, even to the Iranian grammatical studies. He was a point of risking a break-up of their per- 9 CIS NEWSLETTER sonal relationship. Since he was - despite tion was settled which came to be recognised as inaugu- his criticism - nevertheless convinced that when he entered rating a new era in scholarship. Bailey’s dictionary would remain an in- the University of Gershevitch customarily used this dispensable tool for the study of Rome in 1933 to book to introduce students to Avestan, Khotanese, he decided to initiate a series study classics though it is hard to imagine a textbook of volumes entitled Studies in the Vo- and comparative which makes fewer concessions to the cabulary of Khotanese (together with philology. beginner: almost every page of the com- P.O. Skjærvø, volumes I-III, published After com- mentary contains references to cognates 1982, 1987 and 1997) in order to present pleting his Ro- in half a dozen obscure languages, not the different results of his own work. man doctorate, to mentin quotations in French, German he came to Besides his scholarly work Professor • Ilya Gershevitch or Russian. But the book is characteris- Emmerick developed numerous activities England in 1938 tic of Gershevitch’s attitude to teaching, during his stay in Hamburg in the course with the inten- which was dedicated but wholly uncom- of which he was not only honored as a tion of staying for three months. In fact, promising. As I can vouch from my own Professeur au Collège de France in March he remained for the rest of his life. experience, if he felt that he had failed to 1988, but was also elected as Consult- Though his decision not to return to Rome convey a point to a student he was ing Editor for Linguistics by the was no doubt influenced by political prepared to worry away at the problem Encyclopædia Iranica (later for Philology), events in Italy and the approach of war, for hour after hour, until long after the Corresponding Fellow of the British Acad- an equally important motive was a new- pangs of hunger had rendered the emy and Corresponding Member of the found desire to pursue the study of Ira- student incapable of following the subtle- Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente in nian languages under the guidance of ties of the argument. Not content with Rome in 1990. W.B. Henning at the School of Oriental setting new standards in the study of Old Studies, London University. He was “Projektleiter” of the and Middle Iranian, Gershevitch felt the Henning was clearly an inspiring Akademienvorhaben Turfanforschung of urge to investigate in teacher, whom Gershevitch revered and the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie their spoken forms. In 1956 he and his on whom he modelled himself in many der Wissenschaften since 1994, was wife,Lisbeth, set off for Iran, where they ways. He could hardly have chosen bet- elected as Corresponding Member of the spent three months in Bashakard, an area ter. Although Henning was only six years Österreichische Akademie der of the Western Makran that scarcely any older than Gershevitch, he had already Wissenschaften in Vienna in 1997 and European had penetrated. Gershevitch gained a deserved reputation as a scholar Honorary Fellow of the Australian Acad- made good use of his field-notes on the of exceptional authority, one of the emy of the Humanities in 1999. He was previously unknown dialects of Bashakard world’s leading specialists both in the the President of the WordPerfect Club in many publications, though sadly he Manichean religion and in the Middle Ira- since the eighties and developed con- never found time to write a full account nian languages. Henning had recently siderable knowledge in the field of soft- of the Bashkardi language. edited the longest surviving Manichean ware programming. manuscript written in Sogdian, one of the Another major work that never reached Ronald Eric Emmerick was buried least-known of these languages. publication in its complete form was his series of Ratanbai Katrak lectures deliv- September 11, 2001 in Quickborn, near Gershevitch took on the daunting task Hamburg, Germany. ered in Oxford in 1968, in which of analysing the structure and develop- Gershevitch put forward the apparently Maria Macuch ment of this complex language on the audacious argument that the Elamite basis of the fragmentary manuscript texts issued by the Persian imperial min- Ilya Gershevitch sources, completing it so successfully that istration in the sixth century BC were not his Grammar of Manichean Sogdian, sub- intended to be read as Elamite but as Old (1914-2001) mitted as a doctoral thesis in 1943 and Persian. In fact he never published Ilya Gershevitch was an exceptionally published in 1954, remains a standard another book, though a volume of gifted scholar who devoted his life to the work of reference half a century later. collected papers, Philologia Iranica, languages of Iran and Central Asia, solv- In 1948 Gershevitch became the first appeared in 1985. He preferred to write ing innumerable linguistic and historical holder of a new Lectureship in Iranian articles, all but the shortest of which are riddles by a combination of keen intel- Studies at Cambridge University. Having full of fascinating digressions and asides lect and insatiable curiosity. He was born drawn up an elaborate syllabus covering on matters which one would never in Zurich in 1914, the son of Russian par- no less than seven Iranian languages, he suspect from their title. ents who had fled to Switzerland on the devoted his energies to making himself After settling in England Gershevitch outbreak of war to escape internment in expert in each of them, studying always wrote in English, a language Germany. The young Ilya displayed an Khotanese with his senior colleague Sir which he employed with fastidious ac- early interest in languages -as was per- Harold Bailey, Professor of Sanskrit, and curacy though with unexpected touches haps natural for a Russian-speaking boy Ossetic, anarchaic Iranian language still of colour. (A delightful phrase of his was in multi-lingual Switzerland - as well as a spoken in the Caucasus, with a “native “a chip off the old shoulder”, though the musical talent inherited from his mother, informant” employed for the purpose. In context in which it was uttered now - a professional pianist. During his school- preparation for teaching Avestan, the lan- capes me.)Conversation and congenial ing in Locarno and Lugano it was for a guage of the earliest Zoroastrian scrip- company being amongst his chief while uncertain whether his career would tures, he began his second book, The pleasures, he was in his element as a Fel- lie in music or languages, but the ques- Avestan Hymn to Mithra (1959), a work Continued on page 10 CIS NEWSLETTER 10

Continued from page 9 basis for a clas- stantial by any standards. It would surely sification of the have been even more so if he had not de- low of Jesus College, which he served numerous dia- voted so much of his time to the work of for many years as Praelector. lects of Kurdish. others. He was the de facto editor of many Together with a important publications, though seldom Ilya Gershevitch received many series of early ar- honours, including an honorary doctor- credited as such on the title-page. Having ticles on the his- acquired a personal computer earlier than ate from the University of Berne, which tory of Kurdish gave him the rare opportunity to employ most in his field, he came to be known as Obituaries and its relation- an expert in the production of camera- his Schwyzerdutsch in public. Hewas ship to other elected a Fellow of the British Academy ready copy, a chore which he generously West Iranian lan- undertook for many pupils and colleagues. in 1967 and later a corresponding mem- guages it imme- ber of several foreign academies. For four An upholder of the highest standards • D. N. MacKenzie diately estab- years (1980-84) he served as President lished of scholarship, MacKenzie was fearsome of the Philological Society, for which he MacKenzie’s reputation both as an Iranist as an examiner or reviewer. His criticism had great affection. It was as a philolo- and as a general linguist. could be caustic, since he detested slop- gist that he would wish to be remem- piness and had no time for tactful cir- bered; a student of texts for whom their MacKenzie had been appointed Lec- content and context were neither more turer in Kurdish at SOAS in 1955, but cumlocutions; but those who had the nor less important than the language in the title did not do justice to the breadth courage to submit their work to him in which they were expressed. of his interests. In 1961 it was changed advance of publication knew that it would to Lecturer in Iranian Languages and in Ilya Gershevitch, philologist: born Zurich be worth their while to endure a certain 24 October 1914; Lecturer in Iranian Stud- 1965 he was promoted to Reader. Dur- amount of mortification for the sake of ies, Cambridge University 1948-65, Reader ing the sixties he wrote and published his penetrating comments. A friend once important books on literature and 1965-82 (Emeritus); Fellow, Jesus College, wrote that MacKenzie’s “spirited direct- Cambridge 1962-2001; FBA 1967; mar- on the Gorani dialect of Awroman as well ried 1951 Lisbeth Syfrig (one daughter); as on Kurdish, his ever-expanding range ness of speech” was respected by those died Cambridge 11 April 2001. giving the lie to a former colleague’s de- who knew him well as an indication of his personal integrity. One aspect of this Nicholas Sims-Williams scription of “poor MacKenzie” as “the man who knows all the dialects and none integrity was to apply the same standards Repinted by permission from The of the languages”, a phrase that he en- to his own work as to others’, to accept Independent, Obituaries, May 10, 2001 joyed quoting. At the same time he be- criticism and admit mistakes, often with D. N. MacKenzie gan to turn his attention to earlier Ira- self-deprecating humour. nian languages, immersing himself suc- (1926-2001) After his retirement in 1994 MacKenzie cessively in or Pahlavi (to- D.N. MacKenzie was a polyglot whose settled in North Wales. His return to Britain gether with Judaeo-Persian and other ar- was immediately followed by his election linguistic knowledge was remarkable in chaic forms of Persian), Sogdian and as a Fellow of the British Academy. He had both range and depth. Generally recog- Khwarezmian. nized as the world’s leading authority on already been honoured in 1991 by a modern Kurdish and mediaeval A particularly important achievement Festschrift, Corolla Iranica, and in 1999 his Khwarezmian, he also made distinguished was his elaboration of the first scientific collected papers were published in two vol- contributions to the study of many other system of transcribing Pahlavi. This sys- umes as Iranica diversa. In retirement he Iranian languages, including Pashto, Pahlavi tem, presented in two modestly titled was not content to rest on his laurels but and Sogdian, at the same time displaying works, “Notes on the transcription of continued to seek new challenges, investi- enviable competence in non-Iranian lan- Pahlavi” (SOAS Bulletin 1967) and A gating the little-known at guages such as Arabic and Chinese. concise Pahlavi dictionary (1971), has the same time as working on a longstanding Neil MacKenzie — he never used his since been widely adopted. The modesty project, the compilation of a Khwarezmian first name — was born in London in 1926 was typical of a scholar who never took dictionary. It is a matter of extreme regret and attended a succession of schools in his scholarship too seriously and who that the latter remains unfinished. once wrote of his work: “At times I think Slough, Windsor and Cambridge before Nicholas Sims-Williams enlisting as a “boy soldier” in 1943. Dur- that etymology should be classed as a ing the two years preceding the partition ‘social disease’ — perhaps requiring one Repinted by permission from The of India in 1947 he was stationed in the to ring a little bell to warn the healthy”. Independent, Obituaries, October 22, 2001 North-West Frontier Province, where he In 1975 MacKenzie was appointed to learned Pashto and thus became inter- the Chair of Oriental Philology at the Uni- Professor David Neil MacKenzie, lin- ested in the Iranian family of languages. versity of Göttingen, an appointment guist: born London 8 April 1926; Lecturer On his return to civilian life he enrolled which was all the more gratifying because in Kurdish, SOAS, London University at London’s School of Oriental and Afri- he thus became the successor (at several 1955-61, Lecturer in Iranian Studies 1961- can Studies, where he graduated with a removes) of F. C. Andreas, the teacher of 65, Reader 1965-75; Professor, Göttingen B.A. in Persian and an M.A. in Old and his own much-revered mentor, W. B. University, 1975-94 (Emeritus); FBA Middle Iranian. After fieldwork in Henning. During his twenty years in 1996; married (1) 1951 Gina (née Kurdistan, MacKenzie obtained his PhD Göttingen his productivity continued un- Schaefer), 3 sons, 1 daughter, marriage in 1957 with a thesis later published as abated, and by 1990 he had ten books to dissolved 1981 (2) 1981 Gabriela (née Kurdish Dialect Studies (1961-2). This his credit as sole or joint author. Hoffmann), marriage dissolved 1988; died work provided for the first time a sound MacKenzie’s scholarly output was sub- Bangor 13 October 2001. -W 11 CIS NEWSLETTER

Notes on the Shahnameh

Dr. Djalal Khaleghi’s awaited some significant manuscript or explanatory notes on the text of edition; 7) citing examples from the Sahnameh has finally been early Persian works to elucidate sent to printers and should be out the meaning of words or phrases in two months time. The notes and also in order to justify the which are published in 931 pages choice of one form over others; and two volumes constitute ex- 8) providing the general sense planations and comments of the of a group of closely related lines first two volumes of the text, that to facilitate an understanding • From left: Mrs. Nina Ghavami, Dr. Farhad is, from the beginning to the end of the individual lines; 9) refer- Hakimi, Mrs. Nahid Ahkami. of Kay Kavus’ reign. ring to the views of other Shahnameh scholars in interpret- This is the first time that a Per- ing a word, a phrase or a line 1000/2000 Club sian work has been subjected to and providing a critique of their Celebrating the publication of so detailed and comprehensive views, particularly when the New from Persica Press vol. X of the Encyclopædia Iranica, explication. Even Hafez’ Divan, authenticity or spuriousness of the Membership Committee of which has been the subject a line or lines is discussed; 10) 1000/2000 Club, consisting of of numerous clarifications and in- citing parallel myths and legends Mrs. Nahid Ahkami, Mrs. Nina terpretations, has not received from other literatures, when Ghavami, and Dr. Farhad such an extensive and minute considered helpful. Hakimi organized a splendid treatment as the aim of Hafez’ commentators has generally been The reader will find the notes cultural dinner party with an a treasure-house of useful infor- excellent evening program on to explain his difficult or ambigu- ous verses, or else to offer mys- mation, not only about the lan- November 2nd at the Chart House guage of the Shahnameh, but restaurant in Weehawken, New tical interpretations of his lyrics. Dr. Khaleghi’s explanations go also about Persian usages during Jersey. The event began with the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. cocktails before Mrs. Ghavami much farther. They consist of: 1) clarifying the form and mean- They are also a useful instrument proceeded to give a brief account in understanding and appreciat- of the purpose of the evening’s ing of words; 2) mentioning the Middle Persian form of words, ing other Persian epics such as gathering. Mrs.Ahkami ably orga- -nameh, Borzu-nameh, nized the program’s itinerary. Dr. when it is thought of advantage; 3) commenting on the variations Faramarz-nameh, Bahman- Hakimi’s enthusiasm and persis- nameh, and Kush-nameh as well tent effort to make the program a of the words and their historical development; 4) discussing the as romantic epics such as success was reflected in a large Gorgani’s Vis o Ramin and number of the people who of the words, par- ticularly compound words; 5) dis- Nezami’s Khosrow o Shirin and attended – beyond the expected Haft Peykar, as well as the po- number. cussing the meaning of lines af- ter analyzing their lexical ele- etry of the Samanid, Ghaznavid The event began with a perfor- ments, wherever there is a pos- and Saljuq periods in general. mance of the popular Iranian sibility of ambiguity; 6) justify- national anthem, Sorud-e Ey Iran, Orders may be placed with ing the preference given to a form Eisenbrauns, Inc. at PO Box 257 by an ensemble of three young of a word for inclusion in the text, violinists: Ms. Ida Ahmadi, Ms. Winona, IN 46590 or at when a different form occurs in www.eisenbrauns.com Kimia Zahedi, and Ms. Dina Zarandi. The musical program consisted of performances by Mr. Ahmad Ashraf gave a number of guages at the University of Uppsala at Dalia Monasebian (santur), and lectures and radio talks in May 2001 on the invitation of Prof. Bo Utas, a noted the significance of the Encyclopædia Ron Erikson (zarb). scholar of mysticism and a contributor Iranica as a research tool for various to Iranica, and participated in a discus- This event was organized with Humanities disciplines at Stockholm, sion group with a number of faculty and the aim to establish a more active Uppsala, and Paris. On May 19 he par- graduate students regarding the club, and to provide opportunities ticipated in a talk show on “The Contri- Encyclopædia. bution of Encyclopædia Iranica to the for members and guests to social- While in Paris, Dr. Ashraf participated ize and form closer ties. All who Promotion of Persian Heritage” at Radio

in a series of three radio interviews on Staff News attended had, by all accounts, a Hambastegi in Stockholm. On May 20 he participated in a gathering of faculty the development of Iranian Studies in the wonderful time. A number of par- th th and graduate students at the University 19 and 20 centuries and the signifi- ticipants pledged to join the cance of Iranica to the promotion of the 1000/2000 Club. We are grateful of Stockholm and discussed with them the new Iranica website. field worldwide. These interviews were to the Membership Committee for conducted by Prof. Ehsan Naraghi of their relentless efforts to help the On May 21, Prof. Ashraf visited the UNESCO, and Dr. Jean Khakzad of cause of Encyclopædia Iranica. Department of Asian and African Lan- Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty. CIS NEWSLETTER 12

www.iranica.com

Encyclopædia Iranica Available on line The Iranica website renovations are completed and the new site is now functional and can be accessed at SUPPORT Research on Persian history and www.iranica.com civilization by making annual donations to Columbia University or the Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, All articles from volumes I-VII can now be down- both tax exempt organizations. loaded and viewed in pdf format. This requires your Our address computer to have the Adobe Acrobat Reader soft- Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation ware program, which can be downloaded free of 450 Riverside Drive, Suite 4 charge at www.adobe.com New York, NY 10027 Volumes VIII-X of the Encyclopædia will be avail- Tel: (212) 851-5723 able online by Fall 2001. Fax: (212) 749-9524 A comprehensive search engine is now in place email: [email protected] that will allow visitors to the site to search for ar- SUBSCRIBE to the Encyclopædia Iranica and ticles by topic, keyword, and author. encourage your local libraries, colleges, and Please note that you can now order individual universities to subscribe. volumes, or the complete set of volumes published You will help provide your community thus far at the website.In addition, Dr. Akbar with access to this monumental reference. Ghaharyy, the treasurer for the Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, will maintain a section on the website All volumes previously out of print are now available. entitled “Iranica News & Events,” an informative Prices for Volumes I- is $340.00 per volume and page containing the latest edition of the newsletter, for Volumes VI-X is $250.00 per volume. as well as any current events concerning the The complete set of volumes published thus far (I-X) can Encyclopædia. be purchased for $2,950.00. Volumes I-V contain eight Please note that you can now order individual vol- fascicles each, and volumes VI onwards contain six umes, or the complete set of volumes published thus fascicles each. far on the website. Please note that each copy of the Encyclopædia Iranica costs over $800.00 to produce. The sales prices are over two-thirds below the cost, because of grants, subsidies, and donations. Hardback books of 250 pages (the size of one fascicle of Iranica) are regularly sold by university presses between $50-70, without any complicated typesetting and exigent editing required for the Encyclopædia entries. Orders can now be placed online at www.iranica.com

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