Hymenoptera, Taxonomy and Integument
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Hymenoptera, taxonomy and integument István Mikó, Andy Deans, Heather Hines Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1606223 Ceraphron (Eulagynodes) sp. Mymaromma sp. Mikó and Deans 2014 Xyela sp. Pelecinus polyturator Pelecinus polyturator Hymenoptera Conostigmus scabriceps Pelecinus polyturator Dendrocerus perlucidus Mikó et al. 2013 Bombus impatiens Mikó et al. 2013 Apis mellifera Ernst et al. 2014 Evania sp. Megalyra fasciipennis Xyela sp. Mikó et al. 2013 Integument Umberto Salvagnin (biophotos) Welcome images Jon Jordan Fritz Flohr Reynold Richard Adams Evolutionary novelties Ceraphron (Eulagynodes) sp. Conostigmus scabriceps Gryonoides sp. Mymaromma sp. Ceraphron (Allomicrops) sp. Ceraphron (Eulagynodes) sp. Cyoceraphron sp. Conostigmus babaiax Dessart 1997 Aphanogmus fumipennis Thomosn 1858 Bombus impatiens Lagynodes sp. “novel body part that is neither homologous to any body part in the ancestral lineage nor serially homologous to any other body part of the same organism” Wagner and Lynch 2010 Single layer Bombus impatiens pharate adult Gland Bombus impatiens Bombus impatiens pink eyed pupa Bombus impatiens pink eyed pupa Single layer Ceraphron (Allomicrops) sp. Gland products: conjunctiva, sclerites, resilin Mymaromma sp. Megalyra fasciipennis Novel exocrine glands Masner lubomirus Masner lubomirus Pelecinus polyturator Megalyra fasciipennis Acraspis erinacei Synergus sp. Tendon gland Bombus impatiens Xyolocopa virginiaca Taxonomic descriptions 15000 – 18000 new species What do we describe? -cuticle -epidermal cell layer -imaginal disks Branching morphogenesis Bombus impatiens scutes Cals 1974 Conostigmus babaiax Dessart 1997 Conostigmus sp. Conostigmus sp. Imprints of epidermal cells Hinton 1970 Bombus impatiens pink eyed pupa BombusBombus impatiens impatiens pinkyed pink eyed pupa pupa Bombus impatiens pink eyed pupa Mikó et al. in press Ceraphronoidea Cell number (nutrition) or cell size? (O2, temperature) 50 µm “Smaller specimens characters are 50 µm subdued.” Smith 2012 “...in smaller specimens...morphology of a typical specimen is not expressed…” Conostigmus longulus Dessart 1997 Al Khatib et al. 2014 Taxonomic descriptions 15000 – 18000 new species Unlimited source of potential models… Accessible? Semantic phenotypes http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094056 Acknowledgment Advances in Biological Informatics (NSF DBI-1356381) Research Coordination Networks (NSF DEB-0956049) Collections in Support of Biological Research (NSF DBI-1349356) Advancing revisionary taxonomy and systematics (DBI-1353252) ○ Missy Hazen, Gang Nging, John Cantolina (Penn State Microscopy and Cytometry Facility - University Park, PA) ○ Carolyn Trietsch, Emily Sandall, Jonah Ulmer (Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University) http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1606223.