doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i1.660 e-ISSN 1983-0572 Publication of the project Entomologistas do Brasil www.ebras.bio.br Creative Commons Licence v4.0 (BY-NC-SA) Copyright © EntomoBrasilis Copyright © Author(s) Taxonomy and Systematic / Taxonomia e Sistemática Annotated keys to the species of Megaspilidae (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) of the Neotropical Region
Registered on ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 4CD7D843-D7EF-432F-B6F1-D34F1A100277
Cleder Pezzini¹ & Andreas Köhler²
1. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Agronomia, Departamento de Fitossanidade. 2. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Laboratório de Entomologia.
EntomoBrasilis 10 (1): 37-43 (2017)
Abstract. A key to the species of Megaspilidae occurring in Neotropical Region is given, and information on the 20 species in four genera is provided, including data on their distribution and host associations. The Megaspilidae fauna is still poorly known in the Neotropical region and more studies are necessary.
Keywords: Biodiversity; Insect; Megaspilid; Parasitoid wasps; Taxonomy.
Chaves de identificação para as espécies de Megaspilidae (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) na Região Neotropical
Resumo. É fornecida chave de identificação para os quatro gêneros e 20 espécies de Megaspilidae que ocorrem na Região Neotropical assim como dados sobre as suas distribuições e associações. A fauna de Megaspilidae da Região Neotropical é pouco conhecida e mais estudos são necessários.
Palavras-Chave: Biodiversidade; Inseto; Megaspilídeos; Taxonomia; Vespas parasitoides.
pproximately 800 species of Ceraphronoidea are Typhlolagynodes Dessart, 1981, restricted to Europe; Holophleps described worldwide, although it is estimated that Kozlov, 1966, to North America and Europe; Lagynodes Förster, there are about 2,000 (Ma s n e r 2006). Regarding the 1840, with a worldwide distribution and Prolagynodes Alekseev Neotropics, there are no precise numbers because of the absence & Rasnitsyn, 1981, fossil (Jo h n s o n & Mu s e t t i 2004). of revisions. The superfamily is composed of two extant families, Ceraphronidae and Megaspilidae (De s s a r t 2006). Megaspilinae is the largest subfamily, with seven genera: Platyceraphron Kieffer, 1906 and Megaspilus Westwood, 1829, The main characteristics of Megaspilidae are: body usually restricted to North America and Europe; Trichosteresis Förster, 2-3mm in length (exceptionally up to 4 mm); antenna in both 1856, from South America, North America, Africa and Europe; sexes with 11 segments, in some females the antenna is clavate Creator Alekseev, 1980 and Trassedia Cancemi, 1996, restricted and in some males with filiform, serrated or branched shape. to Europe and Africa, respectively, and Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, Some species are apterous, but the most are winged; forewing 1852 and Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858, with a worldwide with submarginal, marginal and radial veins, the latter curved distribution (De s s a r t & Ca n c e m i , 1986; De s s a r t 1995a; Jo h n s o n and with enlarged stigma (pterostigma). Foretibia with two & Mu s e t t i 2004). apical spurs, the longest one forked at the apex; middle and posterior tibia each with two spurs (De s s a r t 1995a; Ma s n e r De s s a r t & Ca n c e m i (1986) provided a key to the world genera 1993, 2006). and Jo h n s o n & Mu s e t t i (2004) cataloged the species described from each region. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop According to Ma s n e r (2006); De s s a r t (2006) Megaspilidae is identification keys for the species of Megaspilidae occurring in divided into two subfamilies: Lagynodinae and Megaspilinae the Neotropical Region. and comprehends nine genera and about 450 species described in the world. Material and Methods
Lagynodinae contains six genera: Aetholagynodes Dessart, For the development of the keys, deposited specimens were 1994, restricted to Australia; Archisynarsis Szabó, 1973 and examined in the following collections: Invertebrate collection
Edited by: Corresponding author: Funding agencies: William Costa Rodrigues Cleder Pezzini CNPq
Article History: [email protected] No ORCID record Received: 14.x.2016 Accepted: 07.xi.2016
www.periodico.ebras.bio.br 38 Annotated keystothespeciesofMegaspilidae(Hymenoptera:… 2006); F n h Norpcl ein 2 seis r rcgie and recognized Lagynodes are species 1): (Table 20 genera four into classified Region, Neotropical the In is region yet. Megaspilidae of this of species all species includes that key no is Neotropical there since presented, the to key revised A follows terminology Morphological based onreproductivesystem(genitalia). females, and males for separated were keys The data. these on Paul Dessart (Table 1). A key for all species was elaborated based of works the used we collections, these in deposited not species of (CESC) Sul UNISC (Universidade de Santa do Cruz do Sul). For Cruz the Neotropical Santa and of Amazônia) Collection Entomological da the Pesquisas de Nacional (Instituto INPA of been redesignedfromtheoriginalillustrationsofeachspecies. Table 1.KnowngeneraandspeciesofMegaspilidaepresenttheNeotropicalregiontheirhosts(knowngender: LAGYNODINAE MEGASPILINA Conostigmus Dahlbom Trichosteresis Dendrocerus Lagynodes Förster C. yunquensisOgloblin,1957 C. binasutus T. glabra L. ocellifer D. ranquelMartinez,2003 D. phallocratesDessart,1987♂♀ D. mexicaliDessart,1999♂ D. henkvlugi D. hadrophthalmusDessart,1994♀ D. ciuthan D. carpenteri(Curtis,1829)♂♀ D. araucanusDessart,1999♂ L. pallidus L. obscuricepsDessart,1981♀ D. aphidum(Rondani,1877)♂♀ L. acuticornis(Kieffer,1906) D. zoticusDessart,1995♂ D. sylviaDessart&Cancemi,1987 L. botuliferDessart,1987 D. riograndensis n o s s u g r e (five), (Boheman, 1832) Dessart, 1994♀ Dessart, 1977 (Boheman, 1832) Ratzeburg (1980); M Dessart andCancemi,1987 Förster Conostigmus Dessart, 1975 Taxon Pezzini andKöhler,2014♂ Results o k i ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♀ & D (two)and ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ s n a e D ♀ (12 species), (12 Dendrocerus t r a s s e (2009) ♂ Trichosteresis (one). , 1997, 1999, 1997, (1987b, . The figures have Chile Chile cosmopolitan Argentina Peru andBrazil Mexico Chile Costa Rica Mexico cosmopolitan Chile cosmopolitan Chile cosmopolitan cosmopolitan Mexico Brazil Ecuador Chile Brazil Distribution D (2001) (2001) D A M D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P ...... f eae atru, hn eoou ls rdcd second reduced; less mesonotum metasomal tergumwithmorethanthreelongitudinalcarinae then apterous, females if pterostigma; conspicuous a with winged, males and Females - ...... and pterostigma; othercharacteristicssimilartofemales pronotum without winged, or apterous Males large carinae. longitudinal three and with large mesoscutum tergum metasomal reduced second 1A); with (Figure propodeum greatly mesosoma scutellum apterous; and always Females 1 1 Wingspresent i n i z z e Key tothespeciesof v e e s k e l t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e t r a s s e z e n i t r a etal. Key tosubfamiliesofthefamilyMegaspilidae (1987b);D (1987b) (1987b); (1995a) &C (1987a) (1999) (1975) (1994) (1994) (2001) (1999) (2001) (1995b) &C (1987b); (1977);D &D (2003) Reference(s) n a n a (2014) t r a s s e c c e e m m A A t r a s s e i i v e e s k e l v e e s k e l (Adapted from (1986) (1986) t r a s s e (1980) ...... Subfamily Lagynodinae (1987b) Family Megaspilidae (1990) & & R R a a C D C D Lagynodes Förster,1840(Males) o k n e h o k n e h
D - Tachinidae) claripalpis Paratheresia - - (Diptera: Tachinidae) Paratheresia claripalpis Diptera orhyperparasitoids Aphidiidae Aphididae, of (Braconidae) Chaitophoridae, hyperparasitoids Thelaxidae, Pemphigidae, Adelgidae; Callaphididae, Lachnidae, - Aphidiidae (Braconidae) of Hyperparasitoids - - - - nnw, ie n ol n cn be can and associated withantnests. soil in live Unknown, Diptera: Syrphidae - (Lagynodinae t r a s s e ♂ ♀). 1987b) e-ISSN 1983-0572 Pezzine &Köhler(2017) Hosts (Megaspilinae ) Lagynodes ...... Wulp, 1896 (Diptera: . .. 2 )
Janeiro - Abril 2017 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 10 (1): 37-43
- Wingless ...... 3 insertion of antenna (Figure 2C) ...... D. phallocrates 2 Poststigmal vein twice longer than the stigma (Figure 1B) ...... - Facial groove not present ...... D. zoticus ...... L. pallidus 4 Antenna with five unarticulated branches; IIIT smooth, without - Poststigmal vein less than twice the length of the stigma (Figure punctures ...... 5 1C) ...... L. acuticornis - Antenna with five articulated branches basally (Figure 2O); TIII 3 Last segment of antenna very long, at least 5 times longer than with punctures ...... D. mexicali wide and longer than the scape (Figure 1F) ...... L. botulifer 5 A8 same length as A7 and approximately same length as A11 ....6 - Last segment of antenna with approximately the same length - A twice length of A and longer than A (Figure 2P) ...... as the others segments ...... L. acuticornis 8 7 11 ...... D. araucanus Key to the species of Lagynodes Förster, 1840 6 Antennal branches relatively thin; A7 and A8 of similar width;
(Females) R1 smaller than R2; R5 length approximately similar to A7 (Figure 2Q) ...... D. ranquel (Adapted from De s s a r t 1987b) - Antennal branches relatively thick; A thinner than A ; R and 1 Pronotum very developed; mesoscutum and scutellum greatly 7 8 1 R2 of same length; R5 much longer than A7 (Figure 2R) ...... reduced, with combined length less than half of pronotal length ...... D. riograndensis (Figure 1G)...... L. acuticornis 7 Propodeum mostly smooth and bright...... D. henkvlugi - Pronotum not developed; mesoscutum and scutellum not greatly reduced (Figures 1H, I) ...... 2 - Propodeum not smooth ...... 8 2 Front edge of pronotum marked by a complete or interrupted 8 Intertorular carina present; stigma almost oval (Figure 2G) ... medially carina ...... 3 ...... D. aphidum - Front edge of pronotum without carina ...... 4 - Intertorular carina absent; stigma almost circular (Figure 2H) ...... D. carpenteri 3 Mesoscutum without notaulus (Figure 1H); propodeum slightly wider than the pronotum ...... L. obscuriceps Key to the species of Dendrocerus (Females)
- Mesoscutum with notaulus (Figure 1I); propodeum slightly 1 TIII with longitudinal grooves (Figure 2J) ...... D. sylviae narrower than pronotum ...... L. botulifer - TIII without longitudinal grooves ...... 2 4 Ocelli present, eyes large (Figure 1D) ...... L. ocellifer 2 Occipital region with salient facial groove (Figures 2C, D)..... 3 - Ocelli not present (Figure 1E) ...... L. pallidus - Occipital region without salient facial groove (Figures 2A, B).4 Subfamily Megaspilidae 3 Occipital region with facial groove reaching the antenna insertion (Figure 2C) ...... D. phallocrates Key to the Neotropical genera - Occipital region with facial groove reaching the median ocellus 1 Ocelli forming an isosceles triangle with a narrow base, or an (Figure 2D) ...... D. hadrophthalmus equilateral triangle (Figure 2A) ...... Conostigmus 4 Poststigmal vein with the same length as stigma (Figure 2I) ... - Ocelli forming an isosceles triangle, always with wider base ...... D. ciuthan (Figure 2B) ...... 2 - Poststigmal vein longer than the stigma length ...... 5 2 Forewings fuscous or smoky, usually with marginal bristles. Post-pterostigmal vein longer than pterostigma (Figure 2E) ..... 5 Intertorular carina present; stigma almost oval (Figure 2G) ...... Dendrocerus ...... D. aphidum - Forewings hyaline without marginal bristles. Post-pterostigmal - Intertorular carina absent; stigma almost circular (Figure 2H) vein shorter than pterostigma (Figure 2F) ...... Trichosteresis ...... D. carpenteri
Key to the species of Conostigmus Key to the species of Trichosteresis 1 Notaulices angulated anteriorly and converging posteriorly, 1 Forewing without marginal fringes, stigmal vein shorter than deeply foveolate; scutellum with a prominent concave spur pterostigma and wing disc with much reduced hairs (Figure 2F) posteriorly (Figure 2K)...... C. binasutus ♂ ...... T. glabra ♂ ♀
- Notaulices angulated anteriorly and slightly convergent Examined material posteriorly, not favoleate (Figure 2L) ...... C. yunquensis ♂ ♀ Conostigmus binasutus Dessart & Cancemi, 1987: Key to the groups of Dendrocerus (Males) BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus: ♀, 02.vii.1986.
1 Antenna cylindrical; scape short, massive and significantly Conostigmus yunquensis Ogloblin, 1957: BRASIL, Rio larger than flagellomeres (Figure 2M) ...... Grande do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul: ♂, 06.i.2009, (CESC ...... (Penmaricus group) . 3 19968/04); ♂, 28.i.2009, (CESC 23048/17); ♂, 25.xii.2009, - Not having that combination of characters ...... 2 (CESC 31936/17). 2 Antenna with long lateral flagella, some of which can be longer Dendrocerus aphidum (Rondani, 1877): BRASIL, Rio than the length of flagellomeres (Figures 2O, 2P, 2Q and 2R) .... Grande do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul: ♀, 16.xii.2011, (CESC ...... (Halidayi group) . 4 43364/20); ♀, 27.xii.2011, (CESC 45553/14); ♀, 17.i.2012,
(CESC 46916/16); ♀, 24.i.2012, (CESC 47815/15), ♀, 03.xii.2010, 39 - Antenna serrated, with flagellomeres, longer than wide, (CESC 38528/22). triangular in profile (Figure 2N) ...... (Carpenteri group) . 7 3 Facial groove present from the occiput until just before the
e-ISSN 1983-0572 40 Annotated keystothespeciesofMegaspilidae(Hymenoptera:… Figure 1. Details of structure of the members of the subfamily Lagynodinae: ♂ DL.ocellifer ♀ EL.pallidus FL.botulifer♂Gacuticornis ♀HL.obscuriceps A Dorsal view of a female ♀IL.botulifer . (Adaptedfrom Lagynodes sp. B L. pallidus D e-ISSN 1983-0572 t r a s s e Pezzine &Köhler(2017) 1987b). ♂ C L. acuticornis Janeiro - Abril 2017 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 10 (1): 37-43
Figure 2. Details of structure of the members of Megaspilinae: A Conostigmus sp. B Dendrocerus sp. C D. phallocrates ♂ ♀ D D. zoticus ♂ E 41 Conostigmus sp. or Dendrocerus sp. F Trichosteresis glabra ♂ ♀ G D. aphidum ♂ ♀ H D. carpenteri ♂ ♀ I D. ciuthan ♀ J D. sylviae ♀ K C. binasutus ♂ L C. yunquensis ♂ ♀ M Penmaricus group N Carpenteri group O-P-Q-R Halidayi group O D. mexicali ♂ P D. araucanus ♂ Q D. ranquel ♂ R D. riograndensis ♂. (Adapted from De s s a r t 1987a, 1994, 1995a, 1995b, 1999, 2001, 2006; De s s a r t & Ca n c e m i 1986; Ma r t i n e z 2003; Ma s n e r 2006; Pe z z i n i et al. 2014) e-ISSN 1983-0572 42 Dendrocerus (CESC 50411/16); (CESC 31849/12); 30883/11); (CESC 23.xii.2010, ♀, do Grande phallocrates Dendrocerus (CESC 36245/09);6 (CESC 19.xi.2010, 37923/10); 4 ♀, 37366/06); (CESC 11.xi.2010, 2♂, 2♀, 3♀, 11.xi.2010, (CESC 37350/05); 37341/04); (CESC 11.xi.2010, 36198/14); (CESC 37876/07); (CESC 37960/05); 19.xi.2010, 2♀, 38311/09); (CESC 10.xii.2010, species. Neotropical the on shared information providing by family this similar in occur easier study to help will work This also countries. frontier in habitats they probable is it location, in country only one literature the in reported are species several Although cosmopolitan on only restricted, species informationarepublished. very are biology have of species Aspects Many necessary. are information only studies from its description, more with no subsequent reports. and region Neotropical the in known poorly still is fauna Megaspilidae The ♂, 20.xii.2011,(CESC44067/11). 46916/16); (CESC 17.i.2012, 2♂, 46511/10); (CESC 10.i.2012, ♂, 2♂, 27.xii.2011, (CESC 45553/14); 43364/20); (CESC 16.xii.2011, do Grande Rio BRASIL, Passa Manaus: Amazonas, carpenteri Dendrocerus Annotated keystothespeciesofMegaspilidae(Hymenoptera:… 0.i.00 (EC 38483/08); 2♀, (CESC 03.xii.2010, 39639/09); ♀, (CESC 19.xi.2010, 37659/09); (CESC 19.xi.2010, 2♀, 37586/10); (CESC 37605/11); (CESC 37573/06); (CESC 11.xi.2010, 36456/01); 5♀, (CESC 36468/10); 03.xi.2010, 2♀, ♀, 07.i.2011, (CESC 39963/16); 37703/26); (CESC (CESC 19.xi.2010, 03.xi.2010, 2 37546/03); 37486/13); 3♀, (CESC (CESC 11.xi.2010, 37402/08); 6♀, (CESC 36333/20); 11.xi.2010, 26228/04); ♂, (CESC 23.xi.2009, 16.xii.2011, (CESC 43445/20); 4♀, 26218/06); (CESC 26207/09); (CESC 23.xi.2009, 2♀, 26288/18); 29231/11); 26548/17); (CESC 27.xi.2009, 2♀, 26662/06); (CESC 27.xi.2009, Cruz do Cruz 37866/07); 19.xi.2010, 3 ♀, (CESC 37305/06); (CESC 11.xi.2010, 2♀, 36179/07); (CESC 31212/07); CS 26395/10); (CESC 26680/16); (CESC 26618/09); 27.xi.2009, ♀, 20.xi.2009, (CESC 26417/05); 2♀, 20.xi.2009, (CESC 26431/16); 15656/03); (CESC 17537/20); 18528/03); (CESC 05.xii.2008, 2♀, 28.xi.2008, (CESC 15915/16); 20.xi.2008, (CESC 16951/11); 18472/12); (CESC 17565/24); 17488/06); (CESC 05.xii.2008, 2♀, (CESC 17617/04); 28.xi.2008, ♂, 15814/08); (CESC 20.xi.2008, Sete: Sul: ♀, 08.i.2010, (CESC 32684/17); 2♀, 23.xi.2009, (CESC , 03.xii.2010, (CESC 38078/07); (CESC 03.xii.2010, ♀, 2.i20, CS 26369/09); (CESC 20.xi.2009, ♂, 2.i20, CS 15667/08); (CESC 20.xi.2008, ♂, 1.i.00 (EC 38388/04); (CESC 17.xii.2010, ♀, ul, Passa Sul, 0.i21, CS 31228/10); (CESC 04.ii.2010, ♀,
, 28.i.2009, (CESC 23048/17); (CESC 28.i.2009, ♀, riograndensis ♀, 19.xi.2010,(CESC37900/07). Rio Grande do ♀, 03.i.2012, (CESC 50411/16); ♀, 11.xi.2010, (CESC 37597/13); ♀, 11.xi.2010,(CESC37380/16). 1.i21, CS 3511) 2♀, 37501/12); (CESC 11.xi.2010, 2♂, ♀, 1.i21, CS 3890) 2♀, 37889/09); (CESC 19.xi.2010, ♀, 2.i20, CS 1660) 2♀, 16626/07); (CESC 28.xi.2008, ♀, 2.i.08 (EC 18614/14); (CESC 29.xii.2008, ♀, 2.i20, CS 26301/07); (CESC 20.xi.2009, ♀, 2.i21, CS 37947/03); (CESC 26.xi.2010, ♀,
23.i.1985; ♂, Sete: ♀, 20.xi.2008, (CESC 15825/11); ♀, 05.xii.2008, (CESC 17030/06); , 03.xi.2010, (CESC 36232/09); (CESC 03.xi.2010, ♀, ♂, 03.xi.2010, (CESC 36280/08); , 26.xi.2010, (CESC 38261/07); (CESC 26.xi.2010, ♀, , 26.xi.2010, (CESC 38162/16); (CESC 26.xi.2010, ♀, Sul: , 16.xii.2011, (CESC 43389/17); (CESC 16.xii.2011, ♂, , 27.xi.2009, (CESC 26503/15); (CESC 27.xi.2009, ♀, , 20.xi.2008, (CESC 16718/13); (CESC 20.xi.2008, ♂, ♀, 03.xi.2010, (CESC 36443/14); , 11.xi.2010, (CESC 37317/12); (CESC 11.xi.2010, ♀, essart, 1987: Dessart, , 18.ii.2010, (CESC 31337/10); (CESC 18.ii.2010, ♀, Cri, 1829): (Curtis, ♀, 19.xi.2010, (CESC 37910/10); ezn & ölr 2014: Köhler, & Pezzini ♂, 03.i.2012, (CESC 46152/13); Rio Grande do Grande Rio Sul, na rz do Cruz Santa ♀,1 ♀, 2.i20, (CESC 28.xi.2008, ♀, 2.i20, (CESC 27.xi.2009, ♀, 2.i.08 (CESC 23.xii.2008, ♂, i Gad do Grande Rio 2.i21, (CESC 26.xi.2010, ♀, 0.i21, (CESC 03.xi.2010, ♀, Santa Cruz do 0.i.09 (CESC 04.xii.2009, ♂, 0.i21, (CESC 03.xi.2010, ♂, ♀, , 28.xii.2009, ♀, 20.xi.2008, ♀, 16.xii.2008, ♀, 20.xi.2009, ♀, , Rio BRASIL, 03.xi.2010, ♀, 23.xi.2009, ♀, 11.xi.2010, ♂, , 03.xi.2010, ♂, 04.ii.2010, ♂, 11.xi.2010, ♀, ♀, 06.iii.2012, ♀, 11.xi.2010, Sul, BRASIL, Sul: Sul: Santa Sul: ♂, ♂, ♀, ♀, ♂, ♀, ♀,
ono, .. L Msti 20. aao o te systematic the of Catalog 2004. Musetti, L. & N.F. Johnson, of species British the of revision A 1980. N.D.M., Fergusson, dês dichotomique Tableau 1986. Cancemi, P. & P. Dessart, esr, . 20. aii Mgsiia, . 232-236. p. Megaspilidae, Familia 2006. P., Dessart, Dessart, P., 2001. Les Megaspilinae ni européens, ni américains 2. Dessart, P., 1999. Révision des Dendrocerus du groupe “halidayi” americains ni europieens, ni Megaspilidae Les 1997. P., Dessart, décrits Ceraphronoidea deux de Revision 1995b. P., Dessart, genre du propos À 1995a. P., Dessart, Dessart, P., 1994. Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea nouveaux ou peu peu ou nouveaux Lagynodinae de propos A 1990. P., Dessart, (Hymenoptera Lagynodinae des Revision 1987b. P., Dessart, 1987a. P., Dessart, (Hym. Lagynodinae des I’étude a Contribution 1977. P., Dessart, Dessart, P., 1975. Quelques 1975. P., Dessart, wasps Ceraphronoid 2001. Radchenko, T.D. & V.N. Alekseev, of status taxonomic the On 1980. Dessart, P. & V.N. Alekseev, Paul Dessart. late the of works taxonomic the of copies sending for Belgium, Liège, de Université Sciences, Agricultural of Library Davister, Kerala, Stéphanie to work; the of revision a and aid taxonomic for India, - Calicut of University C., Bijoy Dr. to thankful are We literature of the superfamily Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera). 41: Entomology, 255-314. DOI: History) (Natural Museum British the of with a review of their biology as aphid hyperparasites. Bulletin Dendrocerus et nouvellesespeces.Frustula Entomologica,7/8:307-372. genres de Ceraphronidae (Hymenoptera) avec commentaries Entomological American the of Institute, 77.Gainesville,994p. Memoirs Neotropical. Región la de Hymenoptera (Eds.). Gauld I.D. & P.E. Hanson, Hmnpea eahooda eaplde. Belgian Megaspilidae). Journal ofEntomology,3:3-124. Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera Les Belgian Megaspilidae). Journal ofEntomology,1:169-265. Ceraphronoidea: (Hymenoptera: Societe la de Royale Belged’Entomologie,37:1-144. Memoires Megaspilidae). Ceraphronoidea genre Le 1. Société RoyaleBelgedeEntomologie,131:295-303. la de Annales et Bulletin (Hymenoptera). Oglobin A. A. par Royale Belged’Entomologie,131:349-382. Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin Annales de (Hymenoptera la Societe «penmaricus» groupe du espèces Les 1852. Belgique Entomologie,64:49-103. connus. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique de Naturelles Sciences des Entomologie, 60:77-83. Royal l’Institut Bulletin trimorphe. de mâle à connue 2) espèce première et 1982: noire Afrique en découverte sous-famille la de espèce première sp., n. luciae connus. (Hym., Ceraphronoidea, Megaspilidae) 1) Royale Belged’Entomologie,57:5-30. Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin Annales de la Societe Megaspilidae). 123: 137-140. Ceraphronoidae d’Entomologie, Belge Royale Societe la de (Hymenoptera Annales Bulletin Sud du la de Annales Societe RoyaleBelged’Entomologie,113:277-319. Bulletin Megaspilidae). Ceraphronoidea, Belge d’Entomologie,111:262-269. Royale Societe la de Annales Bulletin Chili. du Megaspilidae) Communication 1.Vestnikzoologii, Ukraine the of fauna the of Ceraphronoidea) (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae). Zoologicheskiizhurnal,59:1428-1430. Dendrocerus dauricus Dendrocerus Acknowledgemnts Conostigmus https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2854 azbr (yeotr: Ceraphronoidea) (Hymenoptera: Ratzeburg sp. n. d’ Amerique d’ n. sp. phallocrates Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852, à mâles non flabellicornés Refernces and D. antennoclipealis (Hymenoptera, Dendrocerus Dessart, obscuriceps Lagynodes alo, 88 (Hymenoptera 1858 Dahlbom, 35:03-16. Ratzeburg, Dendrocerus (Hym. Ceraphronoidea (Hym. e-ISSN 1983-0572 Pezzine &Köhler(2017) Lagynodes 9. In : Janeiro - Abril 2017 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 10 (1): 37-43
Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 33: Miko I & A.R. Deans, 2009. Masner, a new genus of 1-149. Ceraphronidae (Hymenoptera, Ceraphronoidea) described Martinez, J.J., 2003. Una nueva especie de Dendrocerus using controlled vocabularies. Zookeys, 20: 127-153. DOI: (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) de La Pampa, Argentina. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.20.119. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 62: 65-68. Pezzini C., K.C.F. Zilch & A. Köhler, 2014. A new species of Masner, L., 1993. Superfamily Ceraphronoidea, p. 566-569. In: Dendrocerus (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae) from southern Goulet, H. & J.T. Huber (Eds.). Hymenoptera of the World: Brazil. Zookeys, 425: 51-57. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ An identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada, zookeys.425.7454. Ottawa, Ontario, 680p. ********** Masner, L., 2006. Familia Megaspilidae, p. 789-791. In: Fernández F. & M.J. Sharkey (Eds.). Introducción a los Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología y Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 894 p. Suggestion citation:
Pezzini, C. & A. Köhler, 2017. Annotated keys to the species of Megaspilidae (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) of the Neotropical Region. EntomoBrasilis, 10 (1): 37-43. Available on: doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i1.660 43
e-ISSN 1983-0572