Evolution of the Insects
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CY501-Ref[662-732].qxd 3/2/05 1:52 PM Page 662 quark11 Quark11:Desktop Folder:CY501-Grimaldi:Quark_files: REFERENCES Abdullah, M. 1964. New heteromerous beetles key to the genera of the family Stephanidae Neuropteroidea). Journal of Ultrastructure and (Coleoptera) from the Baltic amber of eastern (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zoologische Molecular Structure Research 101: 185–91. Prussia and gum copal of Zanzibar. Transac- Verhandelingen 339: 1–206. Agassiz, L. 1896. Methods of Study in Natural tions of the Royal Entomological Society of ———, and B. van Aartsen. 1986. The European History. Houghton-Mifflin Company; Boston, London 116: 329–46, 2 pls. Pamphiliidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta), Massachusetts; viϩ319 pp. Abele, L. G., ed. 1982. Biology of Crustacea: Vol- with special reference to the Netherlands. Aguiar, A. P. 1998. Revisão do gênero Hemis- ume 1: Systematics, the Fossil Record and Bio- Zoologische Verhandelingen 234: 1–98. tephanus Enderlein, 1906 (Hymenoptera, geography. Academic Press; New York, New ———, and R. J. M. van Kats. 2000. Revision of Stephanidae), com considerações metodológ- York; xxϩ318 pp. the Palaearctic Embolemidae (Hymenoptera). icas. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 41: ———, W. Kim, and B. E. Felgenhauer. 1989. Zoologische Mededelingen 74: 251–69. 343–429. Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phy- Ackery, P. R. 1984. Systematic and faunistic ———. 2001. Revision of the Australian lum Pentastomida in the Crustacea. Molecu- studies on butterflies. Pp. 9–21. In Vane- Stephanidae (Hymenoptera). Invertebrate lar Biology and Evolution 6: 685–91. Wright, R. I., and P. R. Ackery (eds.), The Biol- Taxonomy 15: 763–822. Achtelig, M. 1967. Ueber die Anatomie des ogy of Butterflies. Academic Press; London, ———, and J.-W. Janzen. 1999. An overview of Kopfes von Raphidia flavipes Stein und die UK; xxivϩ429 pp. fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Raphidiidae ———, and R. I. Vane-Wright. 1984. Milkweed description of two new taxa from Baltic zu den Megaloptera. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Butterflies: Their Cladistics and Biology. Cor- amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der nell University Press; Ithaca, New York; ixϩ425 Brues. Entomologica Scandinavica 30: 443–52. Tiere 84: 249–312. pp. ———, and N. F. Johnson. 2003. Stephanidae ———. 1975. Die Abdomenbasis der Neu- ———, R. De Jong, and R. I. Vane-Wright. (Hymenoptera) of American north of Mexico. ropteroidea (Insecta, Holometabola). Ein ver- 1999. The Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperi- Proceedings of the Entomological Society of gleichend anatomische Untersuchung des oidea and Papilionidea. Pp. 263–300. In Kris- Washington 105: 467–83. Skeletts und der Muskulatur. Zoomorphologie tensen, N. P. (ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie: Aguinaldo, A. M., J. M. Turbeville, L. S. 82: 201–42. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierre- Linford, M. C. Rivera, J. R. Garey, R. A. Raff, ———. 1976. Indizien zur Monophylie der iches: Band IV: Arthropoda: Insecta: Teilband and J. A. Lake. 1997. Evidence for a clade of Raphidioptera und Megaloptera (Insecta, 35: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies:Volume nematodes, arthropods and other moulting Holometabola). Verhandlungen der Deutsche 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. animals. Nature 387: 489–93. Zoologische Gesellschaft 1976: 233. Walter de Gruyter; Berlin, Germany; xϩ491 pp. Ahmad, M. 1950. The phylogeny of termite gen- ———. 1978. Entwicklung und Morphologie der Adams, M. D., S. E. Celniker, R. A. Holt, C. A. era based on imago-worker mandibles. Bul- innern und äusseren weiblichen Genitalor- Evans, J. D. Gocayne, et al. 2000. The genome letin of the American Museum of Natural His- gane der Kamelhalsfliegen (Neuropteroidea: sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science tory 95: 37–86. Raphidioptera). Entomologica Germanica 4: 287: 2185–95. [ϩ2 maps] Alba-Tercedor, J., and A. Sanchez-Ortega. 1991. 140–63. Adams, P. A. 1958. The relationship of the Pro- Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and ———. 1981. Kamelhalsfliegen (Insecta, Raphid- toperlaria and the Endopterygota. Psyche 65: Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press; Gainesville, ioptera) aus der Umgebung von Augsburg. 115–27. Florida; xivϩ588 pp. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins ———. 1967. A review of the Mesochrysinae and Alcock, J. 2000. Interactions between the sexually für Schwaben 85: 30–3. Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). deceptive orchid Spiculaea ciliata and its wasp ———, and N. P. Kristensen. 1973. A re-exami- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zool- pollinator Thynnoturneria sp. (Hymenoptera: nation of the relationships of the Raphid- ogy 135: 215–38. Thynninae). Journal of Natural History 34: ioptera (Insecta). Zeitschrift für Zoologische Addicott, J. F. 1996. Cheaters in yucca/moth 629–36. Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 11: mutualism. Nature 380: 114–15. Alego, T. J., S. E. Scheckler, and J. B. Maynard. 268–74. Afifi, S. A. 1968. Morphology and taxonomy of 2001. Effects of the Middle to Late Devonian Achterberg, C., van. 1982. The fossil species of the adult males of the families Pseudococci- spread of vascular land plants on weathering the subfamily Blacinae described by C. T. dae and Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coc- regimes, marine biotas, and global climate. Brues (Hym.: Braconidae). Entomologische coidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Nat- Pp. 213–36. In Gensel, P. G., and D. Edwards Berichten 42: 91–6. ural History), Entomology Supplement 13: (eds.), Plants Invade the Land: Evolutionary ———. 2001. The first known fossil Masoninae 1–210. and Environmental Perspectives. Columbia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Miocene Afonin, S. A. 2000. Pollen grains of the genus University Press; New York, New York; xϩ[1]ϩ Dominican amber. Zoologische Mededelingen Cladaitina extracted from the gut of the Early 304 pp. 75: 393–6. Permian insect Tillyardembia (Grylloblat- Alekseyev, V. N., and A. P. Rasnitsyn. 1981. Late ———. 2002. A revision of the Old World tida). Paleontological Journal 34: 575–9. Cretaceous Megaspilidae (Hymenoptera) species of Megischus Brullé, Stephanus Afzelius, B. A., and R. Dallai. 1988. Spermatozoa from amber of the Taymyr. Paleontologich- Jurine and Pseudomegischus gen. nov., with a of Megaloptera and Raphidioptera (Insecta, eskiy Zhurnal 1981: 127–30. [In Russian] 662 CY501-Ref[662-732].qxd 3/2/05 1:52 PM Page 663 quark11 Quark11:Desktop Folder:CY501-Grimaldi:Quark_files: REFERENCES 663 Alexander, B. A. 1992. An exploratory analysis of Behavior. CRC Press; Boca Raton, Florida; ———, H. Anderson, P. Fatti, and H. Sichel. of cladistic relationships within the super- 944 pp. 1996. The Triassic explosion (?): A statistical family Apoidea, with special reference to Alvarez, L. W., W. Alvarez, F. Asaro, and H. V. model for extrapolating biodiversity based on sphecid wasps (Hymenoptera). Journal of Michel. 1980. Extraterrestrial cause for the the terrestrial Molteno Formation. Paleobiol- Hymenoptera Research 1: 25–61. Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Science 208: ogy 22: 318–28. ———, and C. D. Michener. 1995. Phylogenetic 1095–1108. Anderson, K. B. 1996. The nature and fate of nat- studies of the families of short-tongued bees Amorim, D. S. 1993. A phylogenetic analysis of ural resins in the geosphere – VII. A radiocar- (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of Kansas the basal groups of Bibionomorpha, with a bon (14C) age scale for description of immature Science Bulletin 55: 377–424. critical examination of the wing venation and natural resins: An invitation to scientific Alexander, D. E. 2002. Nature’s Flyers: Birds, homology. Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 52: debate. Organic Geochemistry 25: 251–3. Insects, and the Biomechanics of Flight. Johns 379–99. ———, and B. A. LePage. 1995. Analysis of fossil Hopkins University Press; Baltimore, Mary- ———. 1994. A new suprageneric classification resins from Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian land; xixϩ358 pp. of the Scatopsidae (Diptera: Psychodomor- Arctic. Pp. 170–92. In Anderson, K. B., and Ali, D. W., and D. C. Darling. 1998. Neu- pha). Iheringia Serie Zoologia. 77: 107–12. J. C. Crelling (eds.), Amber, Resinite, and Fos- roanatomy and neurochemistry: Implications ———. 2000. A new phylogeny and phyloge- sil Resins. American Chemical Society; Wash- for the phylogeny of the lower Neoptera. netic classification for the Canthyloscelidae ington, D.C.; xviiϩ297 pp. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 1628–33. (Diptera: Psychodomorpha). Canadian Jour- Anderson, L. I., and P. A. Selden. 1997. Opistho- Allan, J. D. 1995. Stream Ecology: Structure and nal of Zoology 78: 1067–77. somal fusion and phylogeny of Palaeozoic Function of Running Waters. Chapman and ———, and S. H. S. Tozoni. 1994. Phyloge- Xiphosura. Lethaia 30: 19–31. Hall; London, UK; xiiϩ388 pp. netic and biogeographic analysis of the ———, and N. H. Trewin. 2003. An Early Devon- Allen, D., L. Davies, and P. Tobin. 1984. The Anisopodoidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha), ian arthropod fauna from the Windyfield dragonflies of the world: A systematic list of with an area cladogram for intercontinental cherts, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Palaeontol- the extant species of Odonata. Volume 1. relationships. Revista Brasileira de Entomolo- ogy 46: 467–509. Zygoptera, Anisozygoptera. Societas Interna- gia 38: 517–43. Andersson, H. 1977. Taxonomic and phyloge- tionalis Odonataologica Rapid Communica- Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1984a. Bioecology of netic studies on Chloropidae (Diptera) with tions, Supplement 3: ixϩ1–127. Thrips. Indira Publishing House; Oak Park, special reference to Old World genera.