Translated Texts for Historians

Translated Texts for Historians 300–800 AD is the time of late antiquity and the early middle ages: the transformation of the classical world, the beginnings of Europe and of Islam, and the evolution of Byzantium. TTH makes available sources translated from Greek, Latin, Syriac, Coptic, Arabic, Georgian, Gothic and Armenian. Each volume provides an expert scholarly translation, with an introduction setting texts and authors in context, and with notes on content, interpretation and debates. Editorial Committee Sebastian Brock, Oriental Institute, University of Oxford Averil Cameron, Keble College, Oxford Marios Costambeys, University of Liverpool Mary Cunningham, University of Nottingham Carlotta Dionisotti, King’s College, London Peter Heather, King’s College, London Robert Hoyland, University of St Andrews William E. Klingshirn, The Catholic University of America Michael Lapidge, Clare College, Cambridge John Matthews, Yale University Neil McLynn, Corpus Christi College, Oxford Richard Price, Heythrop College, University of London Claudia Rapp, University of California, Los Angeles Raymond Van Dam, University of Michigan Michael Whitby, University of Warwick Ian Wood, University of Leeds General Editors Gillian Clark, University of Bristol Mark Humphries, Swansea University Mary Whitby, University of Oxford LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 1 24/9/08 11:23:52 A full list of published titles in the Translated Texts for Historians series is available on request. The most recently published are shown below. Lactantius: Divine Institutes Translated with introduction and notes by ANTHONY BOWEN and PETER GARNSEY Volume 40: 488pp., 2003, ISBN 0-85323-988-6 Selected Letters of Libanius from the Age of Constantius and Julian Translated with introduction and notes by SCOT BRADBURY Volume 41: 308pp., 2004, ISBN 0-85323-509-0 Cassiodorus: Institutions of Divine and Secular Learning and On the Soul Translated and notes by JAMES W. HALPORN; Introduction by MARK VESSEY Volume 42: 316 pp., 2004, ISBN 0-85323-998-3 Ambrose of Milan: Political Letters and Speeches Translated with an introduction and notes by J. H. W. G. LIEBESCHUETZ and CAROLE HILL Volume 43: 432pp., 2005, ISBN 0-85323-829-4 The Chronicle of Ireland Translated with an introduction and notes by T. M. CHARLES-EDWARDS Volume 44: 2 vols., 349pp. + 186pp., 2006, ISBN 0-85323-959-2 The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Translated with an introduction and notes by RICHARD PRICE and MICHAEL GADDIS Volume 45: 3 vols., 365pp. + 312pp. + 312pp., 2005, ISBN 0-85323-039-0 Bede: On Ezra and Nehemiah Translated with an introduction and notes by SCOTT DEGREGORIO Volume 47: 304pp, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84631-001-0 Bede: On Genesis Translated with introduction and notes by CALVIN B. KENDALL Volume 48: 371pp., 2008, ISBN 978-1-84631-088-1 Nemesius: On the Nature of Man Translated with introduction and notes by R. W. SHARPLES and P. J. VAN DER EIJK Volume 49: 283pp., 2008, ISBN 978-1-84631-132-1 For full details of Translated Texts for Historians, including prices and ordering information, please write to the following: All countries, except the USA and Canada: Liverpool University Press, 4 Cambridge Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZU, UK (Tel +44-[0]151-794 2233, Fax +44-[0]151-794 2235, Email J.M. [email protected], http://www.liverpool- unipress.co.uk). USA and Canada: University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, US (Tel 773-702-7700, Fax 773-702-9756, www.press.uchicago.edu) LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 2 24/9/08 11:23:52 Translated Texts for Historians Volume 46 The Formularies of Angers and Marculf Two Merovingian Legal Handbooks Translated with an introduction and notes by ALICE RIO Liverpool University Press LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 3 24/9/08 11:23:52 First published 2008 Liverpool University Press 4 Cambridge Street Liverpool, L69 7ZU Copyright © 2008 Alice Rio The right of Alice Rio to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A British Library CIP Record is available. ISBN 978-1-84631-159-8 limp Set in Times by Koinonia, Manchester Printed in the European Union by Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 4 24/9/08 11:23:52 CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations viii Introduction 1 The scope of this book 1 The scope of formulae 4 The problem with formulae 6 Authorship and audience: what the manuscript evidence can tell us 8 The language of formulae 17 Formulae and the written word 22 Formulae and surviving documents 25 Dating formulae: original collections vs. manuscript tradition 28 Local context and diffusion 33 To conclude 34 A note on this translation 36 Part One: The Formulary of Angers 37 Introduction 38 Translation 47 Part Two: The Formulary of Marculf 103 Introduction 104 The scope of the collection 105 Date and place of origin 107 Marculf and Landeric 107 Dating the collection 110 Marculf and St Denis 113 A note on the printed editions 117 Translation 124 Book One 127 LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 5 24/9/08 11:23:52 vi CONTENTS Book Two 177 Supplement 230 Additamenta: additional texts from the manuscripts of Marculf 235 a, b, c: three more texts from the manuscripts of Marculf 240 Appendix 1: The original date of the Angers collection: the state of the question 248 Appendix 2: The gesta municipalia 255 Appendix 3: The Marculf collection: manuscripts and editions 259 The manuscript tradition 259 Editions of Marculf and the hierarchy of manuscripts 265 Map 280 Glossary 281 Bibliography 288 Index 304 LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 6 24/9/08 11:23:53 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I started this translation while working on my PhD thesis on Frankish legal formularies at King’s College London; I hope this translation will convey some of the sense of excitement I felt at coming in contact with this unpub- licised but deeply rewarding type of source. Many people have helped me a great deal during that time and since: first and foremost, I would like to thank Jinty Nelson, my supervisor, for her endless patience, encouragement and generosity, and for greeting my many successive drafts with grace and good humour, suppressing any sense of rightful indignation at being thus bombarded with attachments during her summer holidays. I am also deeply thankful to Paul Fouracre, for taking the time to read and comment on the whole book; his intervention saved me from many an embarrassing mistake. Mary Whitby was a wonderful editor, and was extremely patient with me; her help was invaluable in supplying the kind of distance necessary for this book to become accessible to students and the general reader, in contrast with the obsessively specialist nature of PhD work (I blush at the thought of the first samples of the introduction I originally sent her, which a year later even I could no longer understand – I am grateful, as well as not a little surprised, that she did not dismiss the project there and then). I also thank Marios Costambeys and Ian Wood for their comments and criticisms on the text and translation; David Ganz, for his kindness and guidance regarding manuscript work in particular; and Wendy Davies and Chris Wickham, who examined my thesis, for their insights and general helpfulness. Any mistakes not weeded out from this volume, of course, remain entirely mine. Most of the book as it now stands was written during a very happy time spent as Junior Research Fellow at New College, Oxford; I am very grateful to the Fellows of that college for electing me to that post, as well as for making my time there so pleasant and enjoyable. And, last but not least: thanks to my parents, who surveyed the experiment from afar, and to Shamus Maxwell, who now knows more about formularies than he would probably ever have wished to. LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 7 24/9/08 11:23:53 ABBREVIATIONS Capitularia Capitularia regum Francorum, ed. A. Boretius, MGH Leges II (Hanover, 1883) ChLA Chartae latinae antiquiores Concilia aevi Karolini Concilia aevi Karolini (742–842), ed. A. Werming- hoff, MGH Concilia II (Hanover, 1906) Kölzer DM. Die Urkunden der Merovinger, ed. T. Kölzer, MGH Diplomata regum Francorum e stirpe merovingica (Hanover, 2001) MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica MGH SS rer. Merov. MGH Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum Pactus Legis Salicae Pactus Legis Salicae, ed. K.A. Eckhardt, MGH Leges I.4.1 (Hanover, 1962) Pardessus, Diplomata J.-M. Pardessus, ed., Diplomata, chartae, epistolae, leges: aliaque instrumenta ad res Gallo-Francicas spectantia (Paris, 1843–1849) Zeumer, Formulae Formulae Merowingici et Karolini Aevi, ed. K. Zeumer, MGH Leges V (Hanover, 1886) LUP_AliceRio_00_Prelims.indd 8 24/9/08 11:23:53 INTRODUCTION THE SCOPE OF THIS BOOK Most of what we know of the early middle ages concerns only a very small portion of society: the political and ecclesiastical elite in whom the sources written during this period (whether histories, annals, saints’ lives, laws or surviving archival documents) were almost exclusively interested. Beyond this, it is much harder to get an impression of what life would have been like for the vast majority of the population who were not so lucky as to elicit such interest from contemporary authors. As a result, our view of early medieval society can seem curiously

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