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San Xavier Cooperative Farm Rehabilitation

San Xavier Cooperative Farm Rehabilitation Final Environmental Assessment U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Lower Colorado Region Phoenix Area Office Phoenix, Arizona July 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND NEED .........................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................1 1.2 Background..............................................................................................................1 1.3 Purpose and Need for Action...................................................................................3 1.4 Project Area.............................................................................................................4 1.5 Public Involvement ..................................................................................................5 1.6 Decision to be Made ................................................................................................6 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES...............................................................9 2.1 Proposed Action.......................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Water Distribution System.......................................................................................9 2.1.2 Field Irrigation Systems.........................................................................................12 2.1.3 Flood Protection.....................................................................................................12
Archaeoastronomy in the Ancient Americas

Journal of Archaeological Research, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2003 ((CC 2003) Archaeoastronomy in the Ancient Americas Anthony F. Aveni11 Since its popular resurgence in the 1960s, the interdisciplinary field of archaeoas- tronomy, which seeks evidence from the written as well as the unwritten record to shed light on the nature and practice of astronomy and timekeeping in ancient civ- ilizations, has made ever-increasing significant use of the ararchaeological record.d. Thiss esessaybrieflytouchesesontheoriginandd historyy ofofthesesedevelopments,, discussess the methodology of archaeoastronomy, and assesses its contributions via the dis- cussssioionn ofof seselelectcted casese ststudieiess atat sisitetess inin Nortrth,h, Soututh,h, andd Mesosoamerericica.a. Spececifiifi-- cally, archaeology contributes significantly to clarifying the role of sky events in site planning. The rigorous repetition of axial alignments of sites and individual oddly shaped and/or oriented structures can be related to alterations in the calen- darr often initiated by crcrososs-cultururalal contact. TTogetherer withh evevidencee acquirired frfrom other forms of the ancient record, archaeology also helps clarify the relationship between functional and symbolic astronomical knowledge. In state-level societies, it offers graphic evidence that structures that served as chronographic markers also functioned as performative stages for seasonally timed rituals mandated by cosmic connections claimed by the rulership. KEY WORDS: archaeoastronomy; archaeology; architecture; orientation (alignment). HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Mostst ancicientt cicivivililizazatitionss paidid sosome atattetentntioionn toto whatat goeses on inin ththee skskyy.. Thee periodic cycles of the sun, moon, and planets are the most pristine, predictable, and consequently, the most reliable natural phenomena on which to anchor the counting of the days and the making of the calendar.
The Synopsis Was Written to Make Researchers Aware of the Amerind

Amerind Amerind Foundation Collection Synopsis This synopsis was written to make researchers aware of the Amerind Foundation’s holdings. Our cataloged collection consists of over 21,000 objects and tens of thousands of bulk sherd samples. This synopsis is not an exhaustive list. For more information, please contact Chief Curator Dr. Eric Kaldahl at Amerind Foundation, PO Box 400, Dragoon, AZ 85609, (520) 586- 3666, or [email protected]. Archaeological Collections Excavated Collections The Amerind conducted several excavations at prehistoric sites in southeastern Arizona. These excavations were detailed in early Amerind publications. The sites include the Gleeson Site, the Tres Alamos site, Winchester Cave, and Babocomari Village. There were also excavations conducted on Amerind Foundation property in Texas Canyon. Ceramics recovered from these sites suggest a range of periods contemporaneous with the Hohokam Sedentary through Classic periods. Archaeological Notes on Texas Canyon, by William Shirley Fulton. Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Vols. 1-3. 1934-1938. New York. An Archaeological Site near Gleeson, Arizona, by William Shirley Fulton and Carr Tuthill. Amerind Foundation Publication No. 1. 1940. A Ceremonial Cave in the Winchester Mountains, by William Shirley Fulton. Amerind Foundation Publication No. 2. 1941. The Tres Alamos Site on the San Pedro River, Southeastern Arizona, by Carr Tuthill. Amerind Foundation Publication No. 4. 1947. The Babocomari Village Site on the Babocomari River, Southeastern Arizona, by Charles C. Di Peso. Amerind Foundation Publication No. 5. 1951. The Amerind Foundation excavated at southern Arizona ancestral pueblo migrant sites known as Davis Ranch Ruin and Reeve Ruin. Ceramics recovered from these sites suggest that they are contemporaneous with the later Hohokam Classic period.
Olde New Mexico

Olde New Mexico Olde New Mexico By Robert D. Morritt Olde New Mexico, by Robert D. Morritt This book first published 2011 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2011 by Robert D. Morritt All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-2709-6, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-2709-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................... vii Preface........................................................................................................ ix Sources ....................................................................................................... xi The Clovis Culture ...................................................................................... 1 Timeline of New Mexico History................................................................ 5 Pueblo People.............................................................................................. 7 Coronado ................................................................................................... 11 Early El Paso ............................................................................................
A Chaco Canyon Project

Making ctions ConneLanguage, Literacy, Learning Albuquerque Public Schools Language and Cultural Equity Enhancing Core Reading Programs in the Bilingual Classroom by Susan López In January, LCE Resource Teachers Elia María STARTING OUT … Romero and Susan López facilitated a “Biliteracy The first day of the academy began with a Academy” focused on strategies for the session for the teachers only. The entire day implementation of the core reading program in was spent in an interactive discussion that a bilingual/dual language provided teachers with classroom. This event background, methods, was hosted by Eugene and strategies for Spanish Field Elementary and and English literacy, was attended by teachers and a conversation and from Eugene Field and reflection on appropriate Coronado elementaries. pedagogy. There was an Since the district now in-depth dialogue about requires all schools to core reading programs, utilize a core reading their place in bilingual program, the goal of the classrooms, and the academy was to provide strategies that should be on-site professional used to facilitate biliteracy development to address the Here, Eugene Field students brainstorm adjectives describing a snowman. using these programs. strategies and collaborative planning needed for There are certain non-negotiable components of academic success of bilingual students using a a successful dual language program: separation core reading program. This week-long academy of languages for meaningful instruction, avoiding included both theory and practice, providing translation when reading and writing, and a participants with the opportunity to observe the minimum of 50% to 90% of the daily instruction theories and strategies in a classroom setting in the “target” language (Spanish, in this case).
Fishingin the DESERT

AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL TIME C APSULE • MYSTERIOUS, MAGNIFICENT C AHOKIA american archaeologyWINTER 2000–2001 american archaeologyVol. 4 No. 4 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy FishingIN THE DESERT When a lake came and went, the Cahuilla people had to adapt. Archaeologists are learning how they did it. $3.95 american archaeology a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 4 No. 4 winter 2000–2001 C O VER F EATURE FISHING IN THE DESERT 20 BY RICK DOWER When a vast lake suddenly formed in their desert and then gradually evaporated, the Cahuilla people were forced to adapt. 12 DISCOVERING AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL TIME CAPSULE BY LANCE TAPLEY Archaeologist Jeffrey Brain is excavating Popham Colony, an undisturbed site as old as Jamestown and in some ways more important. 27 OF MOUNDS AND MYSTERIES BY JOHN G. CARLTON AND WILLIAM ALLEN Archaeologists have been working for years at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site to better understand the 2 Lay of the Land remarkable Mississippians. 3 Letters 34 A CULTURAL AFFILIATION CONTROVERSY 5 Events BY JOANNE SHEEHY HOOVER 7 In the News Chaco Culture National Historical Park has determined the The Slow Process of Navajo are culturally affiliated with the Anasazi. Some Repatriation • Native Americans and archaeologists strongly disagree. Archaeologists Rediscover Ancient 38 new acquisition: Maya Center • LEARNING ABOUT THE TATAVIAM Shipwreck Appears to Be Blackbeard’s The Conservancy’s acquisition of Lannan Ranch may Queen Anne’s Revenge provide important information about a little-known people. 40 new acquisition: 42 Field Notes HISTORY ON THE SHORES OF BIG LAKE 44 Expeditions Once the traditional homesite of Passamaquoddy Indian 46 Reviews chiefs, Governor’s Point in Maine is the Conservancy’s northeastern-most preserve.
A General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Archaeological Investigations Associated with FCC Cell Tower Construction Projects on Private Lands in Arizona

A General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Archaeological Investigations Associated With FCC Cell Tower Construction Projects on Private Lands in Arizona Prepared for: Verizon Wireless Tempe, Arizona Prepared by: Terracon Consultants, Inc. Tempe, Arizona Terracon Project No. 65157582 August 2018 ABSTRACT Report Title: A General Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Archaeological Investigations Associated with FCC Cell Tower Construction Projects on Private Lands in Arizona Report Date: August 2018 Agencies: Federal Communications Commission, Arizona State Historic Preservation Office Project Sponsor: Verizon Wireless (Verizon) Project Description: Verizon constructs and collocates telecommunications facilities in Arizona. Due to the involvement of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the projects, they are considered federal undertakings subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) reviews FCC-licensed undertakings pursuant to two nationwide programmatic agreements. Some of Verizon’s proposed undertakings may be found by the FCC and SHPO to have an adverse effect on historic properties listed in, or eligible for listing in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The purpose of this General Historic Properties Treatment Plan (General HPTP) is to streamline the resolution of adverse effects to historic properties listed in, or eligible for listing in, the NRHP by Verizon-sponsored undertakings on private lands in Arizona. This streamlined resolution will also include the preparation of a project-specific addendum to the General HPTP. The General HPTP does not apply to state, county, municipal, or Tribal lands including private lands within tribal reservation boundaries, or to lands under federal jurisdiction. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1.
KIVA INDEX: Volumes 1 Through 83

1 KIVA INDEX: Volumes 1 through 83 This index combines five previously published Kiva indexes and adds index entries for the most recent completed volumes of Kiva. Nancy Bannister scanned the indexes for volumes 1 through 60 into computer files that were manipulated for this combined index. The first published Kiva index was prepared in 1966 by Elizabeth A.M. Gell and William J. Robinson. It included volumes 1 through 30. The second index includes volumes 31 through 40; it was prepared in 1975 by Wilma Kaemlein and Joyce Reinhart. The third, which covers volumes 41 through 50, was prepared in 1988 by Mike Jacobs and Rosemary Maddock. The fourth index, compiled by Patrick D. Lyons, Linda M. Gregonis, and Helen C. Hayes, was prepared in 1998 and covers volumes 51 through 60. I prepared the index that covers volumes 61 through 70. It was published in 2006 as part of Kiva volume 71, number 4. Brid Williams helped proofread the index for volumes 61 through 70. To keep current with our volume publication and the needs of researchers for on-line information, the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society board decided that it would be desirable to add entries for each new volume as they were finished. I have added entries for volumes 71 through 83 to the combined index. It is the Society's goal to continue to revise this index on a yearly basis. As might be expected, the styles of the previously published indexes varied, as did the types of entries found. I changed some entries to reflect current terminology.
Connecting Mountain Islands and Desert Seas

Natural Setting as Cultural Landscapes: The Power of Place and Tradition Roger Anyon Pima County Cultural Resources and Historic Preservation Ofﬁce, Tucson, AZ T. J. Ferguson Anthropological Research LLC, Tucson, AZ Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, AZ Abstract—The natural environment of the Madrean Archipelago comprises a mosaic of cultural landscapes. Throughout human history, people have imbued the natural environment with meaning by layering cultural values and historic contexts onto the natural world, allowing them to situate themselves in time and space. Cultural landscapes contain special places that have power associ- ated with important events, people, or critical resources. Effective conservation and management of the Madrean Archipelago require an understanding of the complexities and intricacies of the storied cultural landscapes layered upon the natural environment. the rivers and at other hydrologically advantageous locations. Natural Setting and Cultural The San Pedro Valley is no exception. Because so many ar- Landscapes chaeological sites are located along river courses, and because the conservation of biodiversity in the Madrean Archipelago The Madrean Archipelago is a natural wonder, encom- includes the critical river corridors, there is substantial loca- passing a unique diversity of landforms and life. It is, quite tional overlap in central components of the cultural landscapes understandably, a focus of much environmental research and of ecologists, environmentalists, archaeologists, and American management by a variety of government agencies and private Indians. This is not to say that river valleys are the only overlap sector organizations. Almost all this research and management in these varied cultural landscapes, as mountain ranges and is conducted within a scientiﬁc framework, bringing with it a other places have importance in all these perceptions of the set of prescribed constructs and values.
An Archaeological Perspective on the Hohokam-Pima Continuum

Bulletin of Old Pueblo Archaeology Center December 2007, No. 51 Old Pueblo Archaeology An Archaeological Perspective on the Hohokam-Pima Continuum By Deni J. Seymour Paired structures of O’odham household grouping showing elongated dome shape and mode of construction using branches. Many times such houses were covered with mud, mud-cov- ered mats, or simply with brush, depending upon the season of use and the degree of seden- tism of the particular group. Archaeological evidence of adobe in the house fills indicates that adobe was commonly used by the riverine Sobaípuri. Drawing by Deni J. Seymour. Were the prehistoric Hohokam Indians direct ancestors in which “Pima” refers specifically to the Upper Pima). of the Upper Piman peoples who were encountered by the Instead of relying on the previously applied methods first European visitors to southern Arizona and northern for answering the question, however, I provide informa- Sonora? The historical Tohono O’odham (Papago), Akimel tion about some recent archaeological findings and in- O’odham (Pima), Sobaípuri, and other O’odham who to- terpretations relevant to the topic, and suggest what other gether are identified by anthropologists as the Upper Pima, kinds of information we need to consider in determining were the peoples first encountered by Spanish missionaries whether this supposed cultural continuum really existed. and explorers, and their descendants now occupy the To- The lines of evidence used previously to decide whether hono O’odham, Gila River Indian Community, and other there is a direct link between the ancient and historical groups Indian reservations that are relatively small compared to are not clear-cut and have been interpreted differently by the “Papaguería” – the traditional O’odham homeland.
PROSTOR POSEBNI OTISAK/ SEPARAT 2-17 Znanstveni Prilozi Nenad Lipovac

PROSTOR 19 [2011] 1 [41] ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING SVEUÈILIŠTE POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT U ZAGREBU, ARHITEKTONSKI FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB, FACULTY 2-17 Nenad Lipovac The Beginning of Poèetak nastanka OF ARCHITECTURE Prehistoric Settlements prapovijesnih naselja ISSN 1330-0652 of the American Southwest amerièkog jugozapada CODEN PORREV Original Scientific Paper Izvorni znanstveni èlanak UDK | UDC 71/72 UDC 711.423:903.3 (73) UDK 711.423:903.3 (73) 19 [2011] 1 [41] 1-280 1-6 [2011] Fig. 1 Prehistoric cultures spread in the Southwest region, known as Four Corners Sl. 1. Rasprostranjenost prapovijesnih kultura i zajednica amerièkog jugozapada, poznatog kao Four Corners Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers 19[2011] 1[41] PROSTOR 3 Nenad Lipovac University of Zagreb Sveuèilište u Zagrebu Faculty of Architecture Arhitektonski fakultet HR - 10000 Zagreb, Kaèiæeva 26 HR - 10000 Zagreb, Kaèiæeva 26 Original Scientific Paper Izvorni znanstveni èlanak UDC 711.423:903.3 (73) UDK 711.423:903.3 (73) Technical Sciences / Architecture and Urban Planning Tehnièke znanosti / Arhitektura i urbanizam 2.01.04 - History and Theory of Architecture 2.01.04 - Povijest i teorija arhitekture and Preservation of the Built Heritage i zaštita graditeljskog naslijeða Èlanak primljen / prihvaæen: 5. 6. 2011. / 9. 6. 2011. Article Received / Accepted: 5. 6. 2011. / 9. 6. 2011. The Beginning of Prehistoric Settlements of the American Southwest Poèetak nastanka prapovijesnih naselja amerièkog jugozapada American prehistoric cultures amerièke prapovijesne kulture American prehistoric settlement amerièka prapovijesna naselja American Southwest amerièki jugozapad Cliff dwellings nastambe u stijeni Pueblos pueblosi This paper represents the continuation of the research (from the planer’s view) Ovaj èlanak predstavlja nastavak planerskih istraživanja provedenih na temu on the American prehistoric settlements, but this time of the Southwest.
100 AZ Arch Sites to Visit

100 AZ Arch Sites to Visit Archaeological Site Site Area Closest City Culture Site Type Land Manager Website Agua Fria National Bureau of Land https://foursquare.com/v/agua-fria-national-monument-1891-school- 1 1891 School House Monument Cordes Lakes Territorial Historic ranching Management house/4f26dda3e4b04d36e04be1f3 Roy P. Drachman, Agua Archaic, Pima County Natural Fria Caliente Regional Hohokam, Prehistoric; historic Resources, Parks 2 Agua Caliente Ranch Park Tucson Territorial ranching and Recreation http://www.pima.gov/nrpr/parks/agua_caliente/ 3 American Flag Mine Oracle-American Flag Oracle Territorial Historic mining City of Oracle http://oracletown.com/history.html Arivaca Pima, Protohistoric, 4 Arivaca Townsite Arivaca Townsite Territorial Historic mining City of Arivaca http://www.arivaca.net/ Agua Fria National Black Canyon Perry Mesa Prehistoric Bureau of Land 5 Badger Springs Monument City Complex petroglyphs Management http://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/recreation/hiking/badger-springs.html Besh-Ba-Gowah 6 Besh-ba-gowah Archaeological Park Globe Salado Prehistoric pueblo City of Globe http://www.jqjacobs.net/southwest/besh_ba_gowah.html Tohono O'odham; Native American Mexican and Mexican colonial; settlement; historic ??? Santa Cruz 7 Calabasas Rio Rico Ranch Nogales territorial ranching County http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/az/calabasas.html Native Kingman Arizona Historic American; Prehistoric and 8 Camp Beale Springs Distric Kingman territorial historic springs City of Kingman http://www.mohavemuseum.org/beale.htm