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The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Jelinek, Lauren Elizabeth Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 08:30:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222842 1 THE PROTOHISTORIC PERIOD IN THE PIMERÍA ALTA By Lauren E. Jelinek Copyright © Lauren E. Jelinek 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2012 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Lauren E. Jelinek entitled The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 J. Jefferson Reid _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 Thomas E. Sheridan _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 Teresita Majewski Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s sub- mission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recom- mend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 Dissertation Director: Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Lauren E. Jelinek 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It has been a great honor and pleasure to collaborate with all those who helped me success- fully complete this dissertation. This research could not have been completed without the advice, encouragement, and tenacity of my committee, which included Dr. Barnet Pavao- Zuckerman, Dr. J. Jefferson Reid, Dr. Thomas Sheridan, and Dr. Teresita Majewski. Thank you for providing me with feedback and recommendations throughout the dissertation pro- cess. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to James Vint at Archaeology Southwest, for openly sharing his own thoughts and research on Sobaipuri archaeology and spending countless hours with me discussing my research methods and goals. I am grateful to the researchers at Arizona State Museum (ASM) who dedicated their time to help me identify and analyze materials held within the repository. Thank you espe- cially to Dr. Arthur Vokes, George M. (Mike) Jacobs, Alan Ferg, and John Madsen. I would also like to thank Rick Karl for conducting the AZSITE database search on my behalf and giving me access to archaeological site files. Likewise I am grateful to Dr. Dale Brenneman in the Office of Ethnohistorical Research at ASM, who provided me with transcriptions of several historical documents and access to research materials. I also owe sincere thanks to the Amerind Foundation and Dr. Eric Kaldhal for granting me access to their artifact col- lections and archives. I am extremely grateful to Statistical Research, Inc., for donating time, data, and exper- tise to the completion of my dissertation. I specifically want to thank Dr. William Graves, John Hall, Jacqueline Dominquez, Andrew Saiz, Peg Robbins, and Linda Wooden for their assistance. I am thankful to Dr. David Doyel and Dr. Adrianne Rankin at the Luke Air Force Base Range Management Office (LAFB-RMO) for their permission to use data acquired from projects on the Barry Goldwater Firing Range (BMGR). Additional thanks are due to Dr. Anna Neuzil of EcoPlan, Inc., for granting me advance access to analysis and report details on protohistoric remains in Tucson. I am also grateful to Martyn Tagg at Fort Hua- chuca and Jeremy Moss at Tumacácori National Historical Park for their early assistance in compiling data on protohistoric sites. Special thanks are due to Dr. William Doelle and James Heidke of Desert Archaeology, Inc., who donated their time to train me in ceramic analysis and temper identification. Addi- tional thanks go to Dr. Barbara Mills of the School of Anthropology at the University of Ari- zona and Dr. Stephanie Whittlesey for their helpful advice and feedback on ceramic analysis. This dissertation would not have been completed without the support and assistance of my good friends and colleagues, including Dr. Kelly Jenks, Elisabeth Cutright-Smith, Ka- trina Erickson, Rachel Diaz de Valdes, Melanie Medieros, Dana Drake Rosenstein, Robert Jones, Matthew Pailes, and W. Randy Haas. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to give a multitude of thanks to my parents Lawrence and Sandra Jelinek, for their unflinch- ing faith, support, and love. I would never have made it this far without them. 5 DEDICATION For my parents, who have shown me through words and deeds, that life-long learning requires an open mind, a humble spirit, and a sense of humor. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF illustrations ........................... 10 listof tables .............................................11 ABSTRACT ......................................................12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .....................13 Protohistory ..................................................................13 The Pimería Alta during the Protohistoric Period ....14 An Ethnohistoric Approach ........................................16 Revisiting “Old” Data ..................................................18 A Model of Protohistoric Social Reorganization ......19 Implications for Cultural Affiliation ..........................20 Dissertation Format .....................................................22 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND .......................23 The Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology Divide .......................................................................25 Previous Protohistoric Research in the Americas .....27 Early Protohistoric Research in the Southwest, 1878–1900 ......................................................................28 Protohistoric Inquiry in Southern Arizona and Northern Mexico, 1950–Present ...................................37 Continuity/Persistence ..............................................................46 Migration/Replacement ............................................................46 Data Gaps ....................................................................47 7 Table of Contents - Continued Conclusions ...................................................................56 CHAPTER 3: THEORY ...................................57 Culture History ............................................................59 Direct Historical Approach ..............................................64 Culture Contact Studies ..............................................66 Examining Ethnogenesis and Ethnic Identity in the Archaeological Record .................................72 Cultural Affiliation Research ............................................78 Theoretical Approach to Examining Ethnic Identity during the Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta ...................................................81 CHAPTER 4: CONTEXT ................................84 Environmental Context ...............................................84 Archaeological Context ...............................................93 Patayan................................................................................94 Trincheras ...........................................................................97 Hohokam ...........................................................................100 Linguistic Context ......................................................104 Tepiman ............................................................................105 Yuman ...............................................................................110 Apachean ..........................................................................112 Historical Context ......................................................114 Initial Exploration ............................................................114 Colonization .....................................................................118 8 Table of Contents - Continued Reorganization .................................................................125 Research Themes .......................................................128 Data Requirements ....................................................129 CHAPTER 5: METHODS .............................. 131 Ethnohistory ...............................................................132
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