DOCSLIB.ORG

ME-523 Veloso Mendes Anna Terra.Pdf (991.1Kb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ME-523 Veloso Mendes Anna Terra.Pdf (991.1Kb) «We must go in the same direction» Understanding the promotion of the Northern Sámi language in Gáivuotna/Kåfjord and Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino in a multi-actor and multi-level perspective ANNA TERRA VELOSO MENDES SUPERVISOR James Tommy Karlsen University of Agder, 2019 Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Political Science and Management ABSTRACT The general endangered status of indigenous languages worldwide is a reality that demands quick action from authorities belonging to different governmental spheres to safeguard their use, protection and further development for the next generations. In view of the complexity of this issue, which stretches itself over public sectors such as health and education, public and private actors have sought to join forces to guarantee the promotion of indigenous languages. Hence, this thesis aims to understand how the existence of different actors within a multi-governance system can enable the promotion of the Northern Sámi language in the Norwegian municipalities of Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino and Gáivuotna/Kåfjord. This work was mainly guided by two main theoretical approahces: the governance network theory, allowing the comprehension of the actors that take part into a system in which they interact with one another through the formation of networks and are affected by external factors in each municipality. Besides this, the concept of multi-governance was also used, in order to place these local dynamics into a broader arrangement that depends not only on the local sphere, but also on regional and national actors. In methodological terms, this is a comparative case study led mainly by qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The investigation found similarities in terms of the type of actors involved in each of the local governance networks, as well as a general common goal in terms of the use and promotion of the Northern Sámi language. The networks are also comparable in size, density and governance mode, in view of the preponderance of the Sámi Parliament as a coordination and major funder, and the role of the municipalities as providers of public services and funds to other institutions in these systems. Despite the more prominent status of the Northern Sámi language in Kautokeino than in Kåfjord, where it is mainly restricted to language courses, Norwegian and Northern Sámi are not fully equal languages, but Kautokeino is still closer to this status. Moreover, in the governance system towards the promotion of indigenous languages, external dimensions such as ethnicity, identity and demographics matter when public service provision and the implementation of policies are to be put forward in contexts dominated by societal conflicts or different ethnical groups. Key words: Actors. Northern Sámi language. Governance. Norway. Municipalities. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Everything started in 2005, when I first read Sofies Verden by the Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder. This was my first contact with the Norwegian alphabet and the year that would change my life forever. In between many readings about Scandinavia, the Sámi people found me. This encounter made me reconnect myself to my indigenous heritage, to my interest for Nordic and Finno-Ugric languages and to the Nordic region, which became my research field. This thesis is the result of two years of studies in the Nordig program, which would not have been possible without the financial support of the Nordic Council, the University of Tampere and the Erasmus+ scholarship, which I am eternally grateful for. The University of Agder, my university for two semesters, also offered me help in a myriad of situations, making student life run way smoothier. To James Karlsen, my supervisor, with whom I have learnt verynmuch during this period: thank you for asking me questions, for motivating me and for dealing with my occasional frustrations in the best possible way. Also, a big thanks to my coordinators and professors Maria Ranta, Rómulo Pinheiro, Dag Ingvar Jacobsen, Arne Isaksen, Elias Pekkola, Motolani Agbebi, Aino Nordling, Lars Geschwind and Linda Barman, for your constant assistance and encoragement during this journey. Thanks as well to Aleksandar Avramovic, for his availability and valuable methodological tips. My gratitude also goes to the informants that made this work possible. Thank you for such a warm welcome from the cold and beautiful North. Being in contact with so many wonderful people and having the opportunity to take such a close look into the Sámi language and culture was a dream come true for me. Giitu! Friendship was also a great driving force during this process. I am very happy to have my Nordig colleagues always close by – even if not physically -, as well as my Brazilian and international friends. Thanks for always having my back! My Nordic and Latin family, no words are enough to describe how much your existence and support mean to me. Thank you for everything! 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Aim and research question ................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Organization of the study ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Main concepts and terms .......................................................................................................................... 10 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: POLICYMAKING, GOVERNANCE, NETWORKS AND THE GOVERNANCE NETWORK THEORY ............................................................................... 11 2.1 Policymaking and modes of governance in Public Administration ......................................... 11 2.2 Governance..................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Networks .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Governance network theory .................................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Analytical model ........................................................................................................................................... 21 3 METHOD ................................................................................................................................................................ 23 3.1 The position of the researcher ................................................................................................................ 23 3.2 Selecting the research topic ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Research strategy ................................................................................................................................... 24 3.4 Research design ....................................................................................................................................... 25 3.5 Data collection ......................................................................................................................................... 26 3.5.1 Primary data ...................................................................................................................................... 26 3.5.2 Secondary data .................................................................................................................................. 28 3.6 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 31 3.7 Challenges ................................................................................................................................................. 32 3.8 Learning ..................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.9 Reliability .................................................................................................................................................. 35 3.10 Validity ................................................................................................................................................... 36 4 THE SÁMI AND THE NORWEGIANS – HISTORICAL RELATIONS AND POLICIES 38 4.1 Who are the Sámi? ...................................................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Sámi policies in Norway: from assimilation to accommodation ............................................... 40 4.3 Sámi policies and institutions within and without Norway: recognition and empowerment ....................................................................................................................................................... 44 4.4 Case presentation: a brief institutional panorama and the situation of the Northern Sámi language in Kåfjord and Kautokeino .............................................................................................. 51 4.4.1 Kåfjord: Northern Sámi as a minoritarian language .................................................................... 52 4.4.2
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis.Pdf (4.587Mb)
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents INTRODUCTION................................................................................................1 Research Problem....................................................................................................................................1 My Study Cases........................................................................................................................................3 THEORY AND METHODOLOGY.....................................................................5 Overview...................................................................................................................................................6 Mapping the Concept of ‘Discourse’......................................................................................................7 The Ethics of Autobiography3................................................................................................................9 Making Meaning of My Experience in Tromsø, Sapmi and Norway................................................11 Focusing on Tromsø Indigenous Academia .......................................................................................12 International Indigenous Discourse. Political and Juridical Dimensions. .......................................14 Indigenous Movement and ‘Symbolic Action’ Strategy. A Sami Case.............................................16 Indigenous Academic Discourse6 in terms of Symbolic Action ........................................................20
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Review of Norway's Policy on Sámi Language Maintenance
    Journal of Home Language Research (JHLR) Volume 1, 2016, pages 1-16 http://hdl.handle.net/10092/12906 Holding them at arm’s length: A critical review of Norway’s policy on Sámi language maintenance Nathan John Albury Center for Multilingualism in Society across the Lifespan, University of Oslo. Abstract Norway’s policy on its indigenous Sámi minority is oftentimes heralded as best practice in fostering self-determination and home language maintenance. Norway’s policy rhetoric indeed promises that all Sámi have a right to develop their home language, and that all Norwegian children will become familiar with Sámi languages and culture. However, this paper takes a more critical perspective of Norway’s policy. It argues that rhetoric has not been operationalised to benefit all Sámi nor promote Norwegian familiarity with the languages. Instead, the state appears to juggle its legislative obligations to promote the Sámi languages with an ongoing ideology in the community that the Sámi languages cannot be seen as contributing to the contemporary Norwegian nation. To make this argument, the paper firstly reviews the state’s Sámi language policy to discuss fractures between rhetoric and policy. It then reports the findings of a case study whereby public online debates over the past five years about the Sámi languages in a national context were critically analysed. The case study indeed reveals a vigorous preference to hold the Sámi languages at arm’s length, for reasons such as that the languages endanger Norwegian identity, that the Sámi do not deserve an indigenous status, that the Sámi are foreign to Norway and, conversely, that the Sámi do not fulfil their responsibilities as Norwegian citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Trends, Local Contradictions − Challenges of Transnational Sámi Politics in 2000S
    79 Anni-Siiri Länsman & Veli-Pekka Lehtola Global Trends, Local Contradictions − Challenges of Transnational Sámi Politics in 2000s Today the Sámi have a relatively strong status in all Nordic countries, although the situation in everyday life can be inconsistent in many ways. Active Sámi-related legislation work has resulted in multilevel and fruitful development on local and regional levels especially in 1990s. Special institutions have emerged for the Sámi self-government, such as the Sámi Parliaments in each Nordic country. Sámi culture is a matter of pride for many, because different forms of Sámi art, for example, are internationally renowned. The Sámi also have a significant role in the politics of indigenous peoples of the world.1 The success of the Sámi has been due to transnational activities, shuttling from local and national levels to the Nordic Sámi community and to the cooperation of indigenous peoples. From the beginning, Sámi politics in Nordic countries has looked for international parallels and solutions. Already in the beginning of 20th century, the civil activity through Sámi organizations in Nordic countries was strongly influenced by international labor movement and youth association movement.2 In Finland, efforts for establishing protection areas for Sámi culture in Utsjoki and Skolt Sámi community were argumented by “Sámi friends” with parallels from Indian policies in United States and European human rights movement. 3 In the same way, Nordic Sámi cooperation from 1950s on referred e.g. to European minority policies where the linguistic rights were central.4 The ethno- political movement of young Sámi activists in 1960s and 1970s, highlighting the land rights and Sámi self-determination, orientated itself more and more to global 1 See e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • TIP 51 Substance Abuse Treatment Addressing the Specific Needs Of
    Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs of Women A Treatment Improvement Protocol TIP 51 Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs of Women A Treatment Improvement Protocol TIP 51 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 1 Choke Cherry Road Rockville, MD 20857 Acknowledgments Recommended Citation This publication was prepared under contract Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services numbers 270-99-7072 and 270-04-7049 by the Administration. Substance Abuse Treatment: Knowledge Application Program (KAP), a Joint Addressing the Specific Needs of Women. Treat­ Venture of The CDM Group, Inc., and JBS ment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. International, Inc., for the Substance Abuse 51. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4426. Rock­ and Mental Health Services Administration ville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Hu­ Services Administration, 2009. man Services (HHS). Andrea Kopstein, Ph.D., M.P.H., Karl D. White, Ed.D., and Christina Currier served as the Contracting Officer’s Rep­ Originating Office resentatives. Quality Improvement and Workforce Develop­ ment Branch, Division of Services Improve­ Disclaimer ment, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services The views, opinions, and content of this publi­ Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rock­ cation are those of the author and do not neces­ ville, MD 20857. sarily reflect the views, opinions, or policies of SAMHSA or HHS. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4426 Public Domain Notice First Printed 2009 All material appearing in this report is in the Revised 2010, 2012, and 2013 public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA.
    [Show full text]
  • Medio Ambiente Y Desarrollo
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ECLAC Digital Repository 132 6(5,( medio ambiente y desarrollo Status and potential of commercial bioprospecting activities in Latin America and the Caribbean Fernando Quezada Sustainable Development and Human Settlements Division Santiago, Chile, May 2007 This document was prepared by Fernando Quezada, Consultant of Sustainable Development and Human Settlements Division of ECLAC. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations Publication ISSN printed version 1564-4189 ISSN online version 1680-8886 ISBN: 978-92-1-121648-6 LC/L.2742-P Sales No.: E.07.II.G.78 Copyright © United Nations, May 2007. All rights reserved Printed in United Nations, Santiago, Chile Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. CEPAL - Serie Medio ambiente y desarrollo No 132 Status and potential of commercial bioprospecting activities in… Index Acknowledgements..............................................................................5 Summary ..............................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change
    Website: www.ilo.org Website: Email: [email protected] +41227996730 Tel: Switzerland CH-1211 Geneva22 4, routedesMorillons International LabourOrganization(ILO) andEqualityDepartment Conditions ofWork EqualityandDiversity &ILOAIDSBranch Gender, 9 ISBN 978-92-2-132935-0 78 9221 329350 ILO Indigenous peoples and climate change - Emerging Research on Traditional Knowledge and Livelihoods In collaborationwith: Knowledge andLivelihoods Emerging ResearchonTraditional and climatechange Indigenous peoples Convention 169 Convention 30 years Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change: Emerging Research on Traditional Knowledge and Livelihoods Gender, Equality and Diversity & ILOAIDS Branch Copyright © International Labour Organization 2019 First published (2019) Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condi- tion that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change: Emerging Research on Traditional Knowledge and Livelihoods ISBN: 978-92-2-132935-0 (print) ISBN: 978-92-2-132936-7 (web pdf) 4.08 ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Internal Selfdetermination in Australia and Norway
    i Indigenous internal self-determination in Australia and Norway by Pia Solberg A thesis in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities & Languages Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences The University of New South Wales October 2016 iv Table of Contents Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................vii Language and terminology.............................................................................................ix Abstract..........................................................................................................................x Introduction.................................................................................................................11 Approaches to the problem.............................................................................13 Why compare with Norway and the Sami?.....................................................17 My approach..................................................................................................20 The structure of this thesis..............................................................................24 PART ONE: HISTORY MATTERS.............................................................................26 Chapter One. Early Colonisation...........................................................................27 Introduction........................................................................................................27 Sapmi:
    [Show full text]
  • The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta
    The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Jelinek, Lauren Elizabeth Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 08:30:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222842 1 THE PROTOHISTORIC PERIOD IN THE PIMERÍA ALTA By Lauren E. Jelinek Copyright © Lauren E. Jelinek 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2012 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Lauren E. Jelinek entitled The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 J. Jefferson Reid _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 Thomas E. Sheridan _______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 1, 2012 Teresita Majewski Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s sub- mission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recom- mend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges to Sámi Indigenous Sovereignty in an Era of Climate Change
    Challenges to Sámi Indigenous Sovereignty in an Era of Climate Change BY Paula I. Smith Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography and Atmospheric Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. _____________________________ Chairperson: Stephen L. Egbert _____________________________ Committee Member: Peter Herlihy ______________________________ Committee Member: Daniel Wildcat Date Defended: August 28, 2017 The Thesis Committee for Paula I. Smith certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Challenges to Sámi Indigenous Sovereignty in an Era of Climate Change _____________________________ Chairperson: Stephen L. Egbert Date approved: August 31, 2017 ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank those who saw this thesis to the end. Especially, my advisor Dr. Stephen L. Egbert for his support, patience, and respect during the thesis process. Dr. Daniel Wildcat who always had words of wisdom and a funny story to share. Dr. Joane Nagel asking, “Paula, what is it you want?” and soon thereafter, making the impossible possible and pushing my limits. I will forever be indebted to her. To my dear friend Dr. Megan Holroyd who took on my children while I travelled abroad and the countless video chats during this time. To my father, Chippy, for saying “yes” when I needed him and my mother who saw me to the end. Also, thank you to my grandma “B” for visiting with me throughout these last few years. The Turi family, I am forever grateful to have participated in the reindeer migration and allowing me to learn and make mistakes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, 270 Aboriginal and Torres Strait
    Index A Aboriginal Protection Acts, 404 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, 270 Aboriginal sovereignty, 1193 aboriginal and Torres Strait islander Academic Counseling (AC), 1331–1332, presence in schools, 408–410 1334–1336 Australia’s colonial history and impact, 404 Academic Counseling and Target Setting Australian universities transformation, (ACTS) initiative, 1327 410–413 Academy, indigenous work Bringing Them Home Report, 405 community support and interface, 1095 change in aboriginal lives, 407 decolonization, 1082–1085 community engagement, 260 economic development status, 1080 family history, 402–403 equality of opportunity programs, objectives pedagogy, 256 in, 1086–1087 peoples, 253 historic educational crisis, 1079 recognition, 258 Indigenous work program, potential scholars, 261 objectives, 1087–1088 shift in education service delivery, 408 innovative and transformative strategies, strategy, 255 1094–1095 success stories, 413–418 institutional structures, systems and in schools, 408–410 practices, 1093–1094 universities, place for Higher Education, personal skill development, 1093 406–407 public institutions, 1080 Aboriginal Education Enhancement public policy, 1085 Agreements (AEEA), 88 strategies and interventions, 1091–1092 Aboriginal education policies, 88 transformation (see Transformation, Clean, Clad and Courteous’ policy, 115 academy) Aboriginal peoples, in NSW Action research, 1372 Aboriginal education, early models of, See also Participatory Action Research 113–114 African indigenous systems of governance decolonization
    [Show full text]
  • Medio Ambiente Y Desarrollo
    132 6(5,( medio ambiente y desarrollo Status and potential of commercial bioprospecting activities in Latin America and the Caribbean Fernando Quezada Sustainable Development and Human Settlements Division Santiago, Chile, May 2007 This document was prepared by Fernando Quezada, Consultant of Sustainable Development and Human Settlements Division of ECLAC. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations Publication ISSN printed version 1564-4189 ISSN online version 1680-8886 ISBN: 978-92-1-121648-6 LC/L.2742-P Sales No.: E.07.II.G.78 Copyright © United Nations, May 2007. All rights reserved Printed in United Nations, Santiago, Chile Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. CEPAL - Serie Medio ambiente y desarrollo No 132 Status and potential of commercial bioprospecting activities in… Index Acknowledgements..............................................................................5 Summary ..............................................................................................7 Introduction ........................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Peoples and Cannabis Legalization 709
    INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND CANNABIS LEGALIZATION 709 CANNABIS, RECONCILIATION, AND THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR CANNABIS LEGALIZATION IN CANADA KONSTANTIA KOUTOUKI* AND KATHERINE LOFTS** The provisions of the federal Cannabis Act came into force on 17 October 2018, opening a new era of cannabis management in Canada. We examine cannabis in Canada through the lens of reconciliation and the rights of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples. There is potential for Indigenous communities to benefit from cannabis legalization, but also a very real risk that the new legal framework will simply perpetuate existing injustices. We show that the new legislation is inadequate both in terms of lack of consultation with Indigenous communities, as well as in terms of substantive provisions — and omissions — in the legislation itself. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 709 II. CONTINGENT DEFINITIONS OF CANNABIS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIGENOUS AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES OF CANNABIS REGULATION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW ............ 711 III. THE USE AND REGULATION OF CANNABIS IN THE CANADIAN CONTEXT .................................. 716 IV. CANNABIS LEGALIZATION, RECONCILIATION, AND THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN CANADA ..................... 720 V. CONCLUSION .............................................. 727 I. INTRODUCTION Over a long weekend in May 2018, hundreds gathered on Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory, near the town of Belleville, Ontario, for the first annual Indigenous Cannabis
    [Show full text]