THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF UCA OF SME WWW.TUCMAGAZINE.COM VOLUME 10 NO 3 SEPTEMBER 2016
Ground freezing
TARP McCook Tunnel
Tunnel demand forecast
Special Editorial Supplement from the publisher of Mining Engineering SAVE the DATE June 4-7, 2017
Topics to Be Covered RETC2017 Contracting Practices and Cost Manchester Grand Hyatt California Projects 1 MARKET PLACE, SAN DIEGO, CA Design and Planning Design/Build Projects Difficult Ground Drill and Blast Environment, Health and Safety The Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (RETC) Future Projects is the premier international forum for the exchange and Geotechnical Considerations dissemination of developments and advances in under- Ground Support and Final Lining ground construction. RETC provides innovative solutions Grouting and Ground Modification to the unique challenges associated with the tunneling Hard Rock TBMs industry. Large Span Tunnels and Caverns Microtunneling and Trenchless Tunneling Conference attendance exceeds 1,400 professionals from more than New and Innovative Technologies 30 countries. Industry sectors include: construction, mining, geotechnical Pressure Face TBM Case Histories engineering, exploration, environmental, economics, manufacturing, govern- ment, land, water/wastewater and transportation. The conference includes a Pressure Face TBM Technology comprehensive exhibit, short courses and field trips. Risk Management SEM/NATM Beautiful San Diego Shafts and Mining San Diego, California’s second largest city, where blue skies keep watch Tunnel Rehabilitation over 70 miles of majestic coastline and a gentle Mediterranean climate and Water and Gas Control friendly locals create a welcoming vibe all its own. International Projects Tunneling for Sustainability Bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Anza-Borrego Desert and the Laguna Mountains to the east, and Mexico to the south, the diverse neighbor- hoods of San Diego are spread out over 4,200 square miles, offering endless For more information, contact: opportunities for exploration and activities. Spend a day relaxing in one of the many beach communities, then hiking in the east San Diego County mountains the next. Explore the urban neighborhoods of San Diego’s downtown, from the iconic Gaslamp Quarter to the eclectic community of Hillcrest. Visit the quaint and charming island town of Coronado or the picturesque village Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration of La Jolla. San Diego’s regions are so unique and diverse; there are plenty 12999 E. Adam Aircraft Cir. of options to discover something new each time you visit. Englewood, CO USA 80112 800.763.3132 | 303.948.4200, www.retc.org www.smenet.org, [email protected]
SME3731 RETC STD Ad-TUC.indd 1 5/9/16 4:00 PM AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF UCA OF SME WWW.SMENET.ORG VOLUME 10 NO 3 SEPTEMBER 2016
COVER STORY DEPARTMENTS 2 CONTENTS Chairman’s column
3 Underground FEATURE ARTICLES construction news 24 42 Ground freezing to repair leaks Tunnel demand In this issue — in slurry wall shaft forecast Poor ground con- ditions around Shawn P. Coughlin, Juan Leonardo the shafts at the 44 del Pino and Michael Schimmenti UCA of SME news Northern Area Purification Sys- tem was halting a 47 Classifieds/ Index of major expansion advertisers of the potable wa- ter system in Ar- gentina and forced contractors to shift to ground freez- 34 ing, page 24. The World’s largest live tunnel tunnel connection connection at TARP McCook at the TARP Mc- Tunnel Cook Tunnel is discussed on page 34. Cover photo Faruk Oksuz, Miguel Sanchez, Mike is of the purifica- Padilla, Dave Schiemann, Carmen tion system. Scalise and Matt Trotter
Copyright 2015 by the Society for Mining, Met- allurgy and Exploration, Inc. All rights reserved. TUNNELING & UNDER- GROUND CONSTRUC- TION (ISSN 0026–5187) is published quarterly by the Society for Min- ing, Metallurgy, and Ex- ploration, Inc., at 12999 E. Adam Aircraft Circle, Englewood, CO 80112- Reproduction: More 4167. Phone 1–800–763– than one photocopy of 3132 or 303–973–9550. an item from SME may be Fax: 303–973 –3845 or e- made for internal use, pro- mail: [email protected]. vided fees are paid directly Website: www.smenet. to the Copyright Clearance org. POSTMASTER: Center, 27 Congress St., Send changes of ad- Salem, MA 01970, USA. dress to TUNNELING & Phone 978–750–8400, UNDERGROUND CON- fax 978–750-4470. Any STRUCTION, 12999 E. other form of reproduction Adam Aircraft Circle, requires special permission Englewood, CO 80112- from, and may be subject 4167. Article copies and to fees by SME. SME is back issues available on not responsible for any microfilm or microfiche statements made or from Linda Hall Library opinions expressed in in Kansas City, Mo. its publications. Mem- Printed by Cummings ber subscription rate Printing Co. Special editorial section from the publisher of Mining Engineering included in dues. EDITORIAL STAFF Editor CHAIRMAN’S COLUMN Steve Kral [email protected] Planning continues for another
Senior Editor successful year for UCA of SME William M. Gleason [email protected] n the June 2016 Chairman’s All three events should be very Column of T&UC I wrote about educational and rewarding. I am our very successful World Tunnel looking forward to seeing as many of Senior Editor I Georgene Renner Congress (WTC) 2016. Since then, I you as possible. [email protected] have continued to hear from member The Executive Committee countries about how well the event continues with its strong support Production Graphic Artist was received. My thanks again to the of the Young Members and the Ted Robertson entire WTC 2016 team. Women Tunnelers groups. The [email protected] The Executive Committee of the committee urges more of the UCA UCA has elected four new members members to join these groups as they to the committee to replace four move forward with their agendas BUSINESS STAFF members whose terms have expired. and friendships, while we all work Media Manager The new members of the committee together to integrate those members Advertising are Michael Smithson, Jack into an overall stronger UCA Ken Goering Brockway, Richard Redmond and organization. [email protected] Erika Moonin. My congratulations In my last column (June, pp. 2), to them, and also my thanks to the I also mentioned our three strategic Phone +1-800-763-3132 or +1-303-973-4200 the retiring executive committee goals. Now that the summer is Fax +1-303-973-3845 members, Greg Hausen, Heather nearing its end, and many of us are Internet www.smenet.org Ivory, Rick Lovat and Kris Murthy, returning from vacation or other time who worked very hard to better our off to enjoy the sun, let’s get back SOCIETY FOR MINING, organization. We all appreciate the to the required work ahead of us to METALLURGY, AND EXPLORATION, work they did and their commitment. attain those goals sooner rather than INC. OFFICERS Planning for the Cutting Edge later. Conference to be held in Los Lastly, I want to advise that work President Angeles, CA on Nov. 6-9 is continuing on the History of Tunneling book is Timothy D. Arnold and that committee is working very nearing completion, and the editors hard to make it a success. will be sending it for publishing soon. President-Elect The George A. Fox Conference All WTC 2016 attendees will be sent John Mansanti planning is also ongoing and will be a free copy when the publishing is held, as usual, at the Graduate Center completed. Past President of the City Univeristy of New York, Enjoy the remainder of the J. Steven Gardner in New York City, on Jan. 24, 2017. summer, be safe and begin your Let’s hope for good weather. preprations and planning for the Executive Director Lastly on the conference front upcomimg conferences. ■ David L. Kanagy is the RETC event, to be held in Artie Silber, San Diego, CA on June 4-7, 2017. UCA of SME Chairman Underground Construction Association of SME Executive Committee Arthur D. Silber (Chair), Michael F. Roach (Vice Chair), William W. Edgerton (Past Chair), Lester M. Bradshaw, Judy Cochran, Robert Goodfellow, Gregory M. Hauser, Heather Ivory, Leon “Lonnie” Jacobs, Colin A. Lawrence, Rick Lovat, Mike A. Mooney, Pamela S. Moran, Nasri A. Munfah, Krishniah N. Murthy, Michael Rispin, Kellie C. Rotunno and Leonard A. Worden
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Funding plans could put Gateway Project back on track mtrak’s Gateway plan in the United States. It is the latest step officials have got a boost in July when “This is a huge deal, and it reflects taken in order to show continued Athe U.S. Department of the regional cooperation that’s progress in a project they argue is Transportation announced that it has necessary to move forward,” U.S. critical to avoid crippling passenger- taken steps to unlock up to $4 billion Transportation Secretary Anthony railroad traffic in the Northeast U.S. to help pay for two new Hudson Foxx told The Wall Street Journal. Amtrak’s current pair of aging River rail tunnels and a railroad “Even a year ago, when I said that tunnels between Manhattan and bridge in New Jersey. the lack of progress on this project northern New Jersey are more than a The Wall Street Journal reported was almost criminal, things had been century old, and they sustained flood that federal officials said they are pretty much at a standstill.” damage in 2012 from superstorm putting the tunnels and bridge on a The project was cancelled in Sandy. track that could eventually win grants 2010 by New Jersey Gov. Chris The project canceled by Christie from a program called New Starts. Christie because of a lack of funding. was set to rely on $3 billion in federal The tunnel replacement is part of The recent decision by the U.S. New Starts funding. That project, Amtrak’s broader Gateway plan, Department of Transportation paves known as Access to the Region’s which is projected to cost $24 billion the way for a type of funding that Core, or ARC, was projected as of over more than a decade and would would have helped pay for an earlier be the largest transportation project tunnel project then. (Continued on page 16)
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Norway explores options of a floating tunnel orway has hatched an each one would be wide enough for submerged bridges might be to build ambitious plan to install two lanes of traffic. a suspension bridge or a floating Nthe world’s first floating Each bridge system would consist bridge over the water, however, these underwater tunnels to help travelers of two tunnels, side-by-side, one for designs have the disadvantage of easily cross the nation’s many traffic in each direction. Despite being susceptible to damage from fjords. Engineering blog, Hackaday, the unconventional arrangement, rough weather. They also run the risk reported that the “submerged officials say it will be much like of interfering with Navy ships that floating bridges” would be suspended driving through an ordinary tunnel sometimes use the water for training. from pontoons along the surface of for commuters. With 1,150 traffic Norway has so far committed $25 the water and connected to trusses to tunnels already in use throughout the billion in funds to the project, which keep the tunnels stable. The floating country (35 of which are underwater), is expected to reach completion by tunnels would provide another option Norwegians likely won’t be too 2035. There’s still some hard work for travel in the country. confused by the arrangement. ahead for the engineers involved. Currently, the only way to travel So why not a normal bridge? Such a system has never been built across the many fjords is by taking Unfortunately, the difficult terrain in before, and no one is exactly sure a series of ferries – an inconvenient these regions makes them unsuited how the wind, waves and water and time-consuming process. The for an ordinary bridge: they’re simply currents in the fjords might affect submerged floating bridges would too wide and too deep. And at a mile the structures. If the floating tunnels consist of large tubes suspended deep, digging a conventional tunnel under 30 m (100 feet) of water, and is unfeasible. One alternative to the (Continued on page 20)
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Repairs will close subway line for 18 months amage to New York’s 14th Street with Bedford Avenue “It became clear that the Canarsie Tube that was and North 7th Street in Brooklyn’s 18-month closure was the best Dsustained during Hurricane Williamsburg section. The 24-station construction option and offered Sandy in 2012 could cost as much line operates between Eighth Avenue the least amount of pain to cus- as $80 million to repair. The repairs in Manhattan’s Chelsea east through tomers for the shortest period of will force New York’s Metropolitan Brooklyn, terminating at Rockaway time.” Transportation Authority to shut Parkway in Canarsie. Veronique Hakim, down the subway tunnel for 18 The L train is one of New York’s President, New York Transit months on its L train. That train busiest subway lines. MTA first carries passengers under the East announced in January that the tunnel riders will have the same disruptions River between Manhattan and would require extensive repairs. with either option,” said Veronique Brooklyn, disrupting schedules for Officials and engineers weighed Hakim, president of New York as many as 300,000 commuters a day whether to close it entirely to work Transit, which runs the subways beginning in January 2019. on it full time, instead of a one-track, for the MTA. “It became clear that Bloomberg reported that the three-year closure. MTA officials said the 18-month closure was the best decision was forced by damage due that in visits with local community construction option and offered the to saltwater that flooded the system’s boards along the line, residents least amount of pain to customers for Canarsie Tube during Hurricane preferred complete, shorter-duration the shortest period of time.” Sandy in 2012. The tunnel links closing. Manhattan’s First Avenue and East “Approximately 80 percent of (Continued on page 18)
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Contractors sue Seattle Tunnel Partners for work completed on TBM repair vault fter months of delays on the other obstacles in the tricky 2014 job some cost overruns. SR-99 project, the tunnel for the additional costs, The Seattle The giant TBM had been stalled Aboring machine (TBM) has Times reported. deep underground next to Seattle’s now mined 1,036 m (3,400 ft) of Malcolm Drilling Co. created the central waterfront since overheating the 2,825-m (9,270-ft) tunnel and concrete-lined, 37-m (120-ft) deep in December 2013. STP hired installed 525 concrete tunnel rings. It access vault and filed the lawsuit this Malcolm to create the ring-shaped seems that troubled project is back spring against Seattle Tunnel Partners rescue vault — necessary to retrieve on track underground, but above (STP), prime contractors for the the 4-million-lb cutter drive at the ground, the project continues to face future SR-99 tunnel. machine’s front end and allow it to be obtacles and one of the latest could The lawsuit adds a few details to lifted to the surface. A new bearing, eventually play out in a Seattle-area a dramatic chapter in the tunnel saga, protective seals and some reinforcing courtroom. where crews fended off ground water steel were installed at street level. Malcolm Drilling Co, the and sloppy soils to carve a vertical Malcolm, based in San Francisco, contractors who built the repair vault rescue path to reach the damaged asserts in the lawsuit, among other that was used to fix the stalled TBM tunnel machine. things, that soil conditions were worse named Bertha, has filed a lawsuit The vault by itself qualifies than STP represented. seeking $11 million in extra pay, as a megaproject, complete with blaming extreme soil problems and engineering breakthroughs, and now (Continued on page 21) PUT US TO THE TEST
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California WaterFix program enters crucial stage he proposed California regulatory agencies that the tunnels be responsible for paying for the WaterFix project, a $15.5 could operate without violating tunnels, to choose once and for Tbillion re-engineering of the the Endangered Species Act and all whether they’re on board. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, is the pressure is on to do that before agencies’ governing boards need to heading into a critical phase over the President Barack Obama leaves greenlight the proposal sometime next year that could well decide if the office next January. Otherwise, early next year, Kightlinger believes, project comes to fruition. the state might have to revisit or momentum will fade on a project The Sacramento Bee reported that much of the planning with a new that will take at least a decade to the state Water Resources Control administration in the White House, complete. Board begins months of grueling squandering eight years of work. “You need to get these processes public hearings on the details of “You have certain windows in started; we need to get going on the the plan that would include the which you have to get things teed up design; you need to get going on construction of a pair of massive and completed, and this window is your geo-technical,” Kightlinger said. tunnels beneath the heart of the six months,” said Jeffrey Kightlinger, “You’ve got a whole huge timeline Delta in Northern California that general manager of the Metropolitan that’s got to be marching along.” would help to shore up the reliability Water District of Southern California, Metropolitan hasn’t officially of water deliveries to millions of the Los Angeles agency that relies committed yet, either. But it has Southern Californians and San heavily on Delta water to supply its clearly signaled support, including Joaquin Valley farmers. 19 million customers. spending $175 million to buy a cluster For the project to move Another key issue looms. of Delta islands that Kightlinger said forward, Gov. Jerry Brown and Kightlinger said a decision point could be used to store construction other supporters will need to is fast approaching for south-of- secure a declaration from two U.S. Delta water agencies, which would (Continued on page 22)
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Robbins announces merger plans with Northern Heavy Industries n agreement between The NHI will be merged, combining their after more projects and strengthens Robbins Company and collective resources and expertise. our reputation as a world leader in the ANorthern Heavy Industries It is anticipated that Lok Home will tunnel boring industry.” (NHI) Group was finalized on June assume the role of president of the “By laying out developing plans 28, 2016 in Shenyang, capital of newly formed company. Operations of in Asia, America and Europe, and northeast China’s Liaoning province. The Robbins Company are expected making a concerted effort together, we This initial agreement was the first to remain the same. will strengthen our competitiveness step of a three-phase merger process “This merger puts Robbins in in the market,” said Yang Tao, general and gives NHI minority interest in an excellent position to expand manager of the Tunneling Machine The Robbins Company. The second our presence in the global tunnel Co, a subsidiary of NHI. phase occurred in July 2016 when boring machine market,” said Home. Based in Shenyang, NHI NHI assumed 61 percent ownership “It will enable us to provide better employs 10,000 people and is among of The Robbins Company. Lok Home, global service and support to our China’s top three heavy machinery president of The Robbins Company, customers, and will open the door manufacturers. Its products are sold will remain vested in the company and to new opportunities, especially in to more than 30 countries worldwide. continue in his leadership role. In the China. NHI has very impressive In 2007 NHI merged with NFM final phase, The Robbins Company, capabilities. Joining forces with them Technologies of France, making it a NFM Technologies of France and gives us expanded resources to go transnational company. n
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TheRobbinsCompany.com | [email protected] underground CONSTRUCTION NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS Gateway Project: Once shelved project could start up again (Continued from page 4) start in 2017 and the New York Penn leading role in the project. Station expansion and the Portal The federal government’s April 2010 to cost $8.7 billion. Bridge South are expected to start decision doesn’t award money to Martin Robins, who at one point in 2024 at costs of $5.9 billion and $2 construct the projects. But officials managed the earlier tunnel project, billion, respectively. said the tunnels and the Portal said initial New Starts approval Officials warn that the repairs Bridge North — one of two railroad for ARC “definitely gave it a push might require shutting the existing bridges that would replace an aging, forward.” tunnels for more than a year, choking unreliable swing bridge over the Early estimates peg the price of a busy route used by the national Hackensack River — have entered the tunnels at about $8 billion and the passenger railroad and NJ Transit the project-development phase of the bridge at $1 billion to $2 billion. commuter trains. funding process. That step is required The entire Gateway Project is Many major decisions loom, and before construction grants would be expected to cost $24 billion and will a number of funding questions have awarded. include four major components. The yet to be answered. Officials have The existing Portal Bridge’s Hudson River tunnels are projected yet to formally create a development occasional failure to close has long to cost $7.7 billion and begin corporation that would be an affiliate been a source of train delays and is construction in 2019. The $1.3 billion of the Port Authority of New York among the examples of Amtrak’s Portal Bridge North is expected to and New Jersey, which is taking a aging equipment and structures. n
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800.884.7210 | PutzmeisterAmerica.com underground CONSTRUCTION NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS Repairs: Damage from Hurricane Sandy to be fixed while tunnel is closed (Continued from page 8) the agency will give bonus cash to with fresh eyes and see steps they Saltwater damage from Sandy contractors for shaving months off can take to cut the timeline down caused corrosion to the tunnel’s the extensive repairs needed for the to less than a year and a half, said walls, tracks and signal cables, one heavily-damaged Canarsie Tunnel. Prendergast. of nine tunnels to be flooded during “We are going to do everything “We’ve found we’ve been fairly the storm. Repair costs have been we can to incentivize contractors in successful, when we bring people estimated as high as $800 million. this process to get it done faster, in to the table who know a lot of our Design and construction plans must balance also with penalties if they system and they do a lot of work begin this year to take advantage take longer than 18 months,” he said here, they think up better ways to of hundreds of millions of federal at a monthly board meeting. do it, in manners and methods and dollars in financing for the project, “There will be pressure to do it means,” he said. the agency said in a news release. in less than 18 months. We want to Prendergast said the penalties To ensure that the repairs minimize this impact.” for going past the 18 months will be are made in less than 18 months, The shutdown of the link written into whatever agreements the the MTA will offer incentives to between Bedford Avenue in MTA signs with contractors. contractors to make good time and Williamsburg and 1st Avenue in He and other MTA officials punish them for missing target dates. Manhattan is slated to begin in did not elaborate on what the The New York Post reported that January 2019. exact bonus rewards and specific n MTA boss Tom Prendergast said Contractors will likely show up punishments would be.
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Norway: $25 billion has been committed (Continued from page 6) prove too difficult, politicians have the right to select a different project to receive the funding. One option could be a floating bridge similar to the one that was completed in Seattle, WA that was completed in April, 2016. Seattle’s Lake Washington is so deep that support towers for a conventional suspension bridge would need to be nearly as tall as the Space Needle. As a result, engineers opted to build the world’s longest floating bridge — and it was just completed this month. At 2,330 m (7,710 ft), the SR 520 tops its predecessor by about 40 m (130 ft). The old bridge, which opened in 1963, will likely be torn down later this year. Transportation officials say that most of the bridge’s materials will be either recycled or reused. formerly Lachel & Associates The bridge is equipped with over double the number of pontoons, and is engineered to be more resistant • Tunnel Engineering to waves, earthquakes, and winds up to 143 km/h (89 mph). The SR 520 • Geotechnics is wider, includes carpool lanes in each direction, and it could also be • Constructability and Cost Estimating modified to include a light rail in the future. It’s built to last for at least 75 • Risk Management years, but construction director Dave Becher said it could last “indefinitely” • Construction Engineering if properly constructed. n • Construction Management • Trenchless Technology 2016 Cutting • Tunnel Inspection and Rehabilitation Edge Conference
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20 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS Seattle: Dispute centers on soil conditions (Continued from page 10) agreed on a total of $18.9 million to into the gaps, which Malcolm cover the full costs. says made it more difficult to STP project manager Chris Dixon Malcolm drilled down into the soil accurately set the columns. said that Malcolm knew about poor with hollow tools, filled those spaces • Ground water flows and ground conditions because the firm with concrete and positioned 70 of pressures were greater than previously built a wall of pillars next those pillars to form a ring. Dirt was expected, creating a need for to the Alaskan Way Viaduct to protect scooped out from the circle, gradually extra pumping. the road from vibrations or sinkholes. descending. Work proceeded during • The Alaskan Way Viaduct The STP-Malcolm contract two shifts a day. and some streets in Pioneer started at $932,477, to shoot concrete Many obstacles slowed the job, Square sank (more than grout next to Bertha to form an according to the lawsuit in King an inch, according to state underground wall that would resist County Superior Court: measurements), causing ground water. Dixon says the contract temporary delays and extra started low because STP thought • A layer of shells, left by 19th- ground water monitoring. The about opening bigger parts of the ring century settlers, caused the state roadways reverted to normal, project to bidding before choosing to to halt work for a few days for months later. stay with Malcolm. archaeological study. Engineering was taking place • Shallow utility lines near the Finally, some of the new vault at the same time, by Denver-based vault needed to be moved. pillars were out of plumb, and Brierley Associates, for a vault 37-m • There were voids in the weak groundwater seeped in. Excavation (120-ft) deep with an inside diameter fill soil near the surface, adding was suspended until grout could be of 18 m (60 ft). By the time the vault safety hazards, MalcolmCLASSIFIEDS says. added to fill the unexpected small was fully designed, STP and Malcolm STP ordered rocks to be poured gaps and add compressive strength to
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46 MARCH 2009 T&UC
MIN_TUC_CLASS.indd 46 2/17/09 3:25:59 PM underground CONSTRUCTION NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS California: Tunnel proponents push for a decision (Continued from page 12) backward at times. This reverse flow harm to fish. materials as the tunnels get built. confuses migrating fish, causing them The state water board hearings Other water agencies have been to swim with the currents toward will represent a public trial of more lukewarm, citing uncertainties the pump intakes and predatory sorts, exploring impacts on water about how much water the tunnels fish. Decades of pumping have quality and other issues. Brown’s could deliver. degraded native fish populations and administration and the Bureau of Brown says the project would contributed to other woes, sometimes Reclamation will have to defend improve California’s water situation prompting environmental agencies themselves against claims that the significantly. According to the to order a slowdown in pumping tunnels would further harm the Delta administration, it would enable the operations. and bring more ruin to its dwindling State Water Project and the U.S. California WaterFix, as Brown’s fish populations. government’s Central Valley Project, project is officially known, calls for Separately, California voters in operators of the giant Delta pumping diverting a portion of the Sacramento November will be presented with a stations near Tracy, to ship water to River’s flow via new gravity-fed ballot initiative that could effectively the San Joaquin Valley and Southern intakes more than 48 km (30 miles) torpedo the tunnels plan. Proposition California with far fewer interruptions. upstream. The water would be piped 53 would require a statewide vote on The governor’s rationale centers to the Tracy pumps via two 12-m (40- any public works project financed on the complexities of the Delta’s ft) wide tunnels. This would eliminate with at least $2 billion in revenue plumbing system. The existing much of the reverse flow problem, bonds. The water agencies funding pumping setup causes crucial river the state says, allowing the pumps to the tunnels would have to borrow far channels in the estuary to flow operate more reliably while doing less more than that to finance WaterFix. n
UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING McMillen Jacobs Associates is a highly technical firm providing engineering, environmental, and construction services to the water, wastewater, transportation, hydropower, and heavy civil industries.
mcmjac.com
22 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® NEWSNEWS Tunneling completed on Honolulu sewer Tunneling Ventilation Tunneling Ventilation project unneling on the Kaneohe-Kailua gravity sewer has We strive to bring We strive to bring been completed. The project is the largest sewer Tproject in Honolulu, HI, and it will convey waste you the best in you the best in water flows from Kaneohe to Kailua while providing wastewater storage to help prevent overflows and spills, flexible tunneling flexible tunneling especially during storms. The 5 km (3-mile) route linking the Kaneohe ventilation. Our ventilation. Our Wastewater Pre-Treatment Facility (KWWPTF) to the partnership with partnership with Kailua Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (KWWTP) took 13 months to bore through. Protan allows us Protan allows us Tunnel construction was primarily staged from the Kailua Regional WWTP and involved the use of a tunnel to offer to offer boring machine (TBM) to drill a tunnel up to about 4 m (13 ft) in diameter. An approximately 3-m (10-ft) inside ventilation ventilation diameter pipe will be installed in the tunnel to handle waste water flows. The access and retrieval points for the products with products with TBM were at vertical shafts at either end of the tunnel. The shaft at the Kaneohe WWPTF will also be used for lower K factors lower K factors constructing the Kaneohe diversion structure that will intercept sewage lines; the shaft at the Kailua Regional with the same great service and with the same great service and WWTP will be used for construction of the tunnel influent pump station. competitive pricing. competitive pricing. Since the finished tunnel will convey waste water by gravity flow, it slopes from a depth of approximately 12 m (39 ft) below ground level at the Kaneohe WWPTF down toward the Kailua Regional WWTP, ending at approximately 23 m (77 ft) below ground level. A new Benefits Benefits Tunnel Influent Pump Station (TIPS) will be constructed. “It’s a plus, not only for the island of Oahu, but for Low leakage Low leakage the whole State of Hawaii, only because we need to keep the water clean. We need to coral good. We need to keep Low to friction Low to friction the fish,” Don Painter with contractor Southland Mole JV told KHON 2 News. Low cost Low cost “Despite this being the largest sewer project in state history, this critical infrastructure project has had very Acid and rot Acid and rot little impact on our residents while ensuring our public and environmental health and safety for generations to resistant resistant come,” said Honolulu Mayor Kirk Caldwell. Phase two of the project is installation of a tunnel influent pump station in the Kailua shaft. TIPS will receive and pump the tunnel flows up to the KWWPTF. Western Region Eastern Region Western Region Eastern Region The third and final phase of the project is 2233 Sanford Drive 25 Rodeo Dr. 2233 Sanford Drive 25 Rodeo Dr. construction of a tunnel influent facility at the Grand Junction, CO Fairmont, WV Grand Junction, CO Fairmont, WV KWWPTF. Upon completion of all phases, the existing force 81505 26554 81505 26554 main that transports wastewater from Kaneohe to Kailua U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. will be decommissioned and the flows are expected to be T (970) 245-9400 T (304) 363-0868 T (970) 245-9400 T (304) 363-0868 redirected to the new gravity sewer tunnel in 2018. n F (970) 245-9402 F (304) 363-0875 F (970) 245-9402 F (304) 363-0875 [email protected] www.schauenburg.us [email protected] www.schauenburg.us
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 23 FEATUREFEATURE ARTICLE ARTICLE Ground freezing to repair leaks in slurry wall shaft he Sistema de Potabilización Área Norte project Ground freezing loops used at the Sistema de (Northern Area Purification System) was a major Potabilización Área Norte project. Texpansion of the potable water system in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The aim of the project was to transport and purify raw water from the Paraná River to provide potable water for five communities in the northern part of the province, benefitting up to two million people. The project was constructed by a joint venture (JV) of four South American contractors and consisted of the following key components:
• Treatment plant: A 16-ha (39-acre) area was cleared for the construction of a treatment plant to purify 900,000 m3/day (1.2 million cu ft/d) of raw water from the Paraná River and distribute it to the surrounding communities. • Bored tunnel: Nearly 15 km (9 miles) of 3.6 m (12 ft) inner diameter tunnel, ranging from 18 to 22 m (59 ft to 72 ft) below grade, was bored with two earth pressure balance (EPB) tunnel boring machines (TBM) to draw the raw water from the river. The TBMs started from a central launch shaft and proceeded in opposite directions. Cristina advanced northbound to the Paraná River Intake System, and Liliana advanced southbound to the new treatment plant. • Access and ventilation shafts: Five access shafts and eight ventilation shafts were installed along the length of the tunnel. The access shafts were designed to provide entry points for inspection and maintenance of the final tunnel. The five shafts consisted of one central launch shaft in the middle of the tunnel alignment, one retrieval Shawn P. Coughlin, shaft at each end• Access Shaft 3, the intermediate shaft located between Access Shaft 3, the intermediate shaft located of the tunnel the launch shaft and the treatment plant, experienced between the launch shaft and the treatment Juan Leonardo Tello del Pino and (intake and persistent leaks during initial excavation attempts. plant, experienced persistent leaks during initial treatment plant, Michael A. Schimmenti excavation attempts. respectively) and , member UCA of Shawn P. Coughlin two intermediate Access shaft 3 shafts. The SME, and Michael A. Schimmenti The soil near access shaft 3 (Cámara de Acceso 3, intermediate are project manager and project engineer or CA3) generally consisted of soft to medium sandy shafts were silts and clays from EL +14.5 m to EL -13 m, underlain Moretrench American Corp. and Juan installed before by very dense sand to EL -34 m. A hard clay layer was the TBM passed, Leonardo Tello del Pino, member encountered beneath EL -34 m. Ground water was with a final liner UCA of SME, is engineering manager, Odebrecht encountered at EL +13.2 m (1 to 1.5 m or 3.3 to 5 ft to be installed [email protected]. below grade). Infraestructura email afterward. The temporary liner for CA3 was comprised of
24 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® 0.8-m (2.7-ft) thick by 2.5-m (8.2-ft) long by FIG. 1 29.7-m (97.5-ft) deep steel-reinforced slurry Shaft section and plan showing soil strata and construction details. panels that formed a 10.8-m (35.5-ft) interior diameter structure (Fig. 1). Waterstops were not used between the panels. A bottom seal of jet grout columns, each 3.5-m (11.5-ft) tall with a nominal diameter of 1.2 m (4 ft), was designed to provide base stability by resisting hydrostatic forces due to the high water table. Jet grouted blocks measuring 10-m (32.9-ft) high by 10-m (32.9-ft) wide by 5-m (16.5-ft) thick were formed using 1.2-m (4-ft) diameter columns around the tunnel break-in and break-out areas to provide stabilization for TBM passage. Initial excavation began in October 2012 and proceeded without incident for the first week. At a depth of 10.5 m (34.5 ft), there was an inflow of water at a joint between wall panels. The leak increased rapidly and began to carry soil into the shaft, so the JV flooded the shaft to equalize the internal and external pressures and reduce further inflows until the situation could be assessed. Over the next four months, the JV attempted several different methods to repair the Liliana was severely hampered by the delays at CA3. leak: tremie grouting, tube-a-manchette grouting and In February, the JV tremie-poured concrete into the jet grouting behind known leak locations; jet grouting shaft to the level of the tunnel invert, then used an around the entire exterior perimeter of the shaft; excavator with a hydraulic breaker to create openings dewatering with deep wells to reduce hydrostatic in the slurry wall for the TBM break-in and break-out. pressure; and using divers to place formwork and inject The jet-grouted blocks behind the openings provided grout from inside the flooded shaft. Each effort was isolation from the surrounding soil. The leaks persisted unsuccessful, and the JV had to flood the shaft several and precluded the construction of the final cast-in-place more times as new leaks were encountered in seven liner, but a series of trenches and sumps at the base different joints at a range of heights from EL +2.5 m to of the shaft controlled the water sufficiently to allow EL -8.5 m. The volume of leaks was not measured with demolition work to proceed. close accuracy, but in January 2013 the water carried such When the openings were complete, the JV backfilled a volume of soil that it accumulated to a depth of 2.4 m the shaft to approximately 7.2 m (23.7 ft) above the (8 ft) in the shaft over the course of the night. tunnel crown (two times the tunnel diameter) in order to By early 2013, progress of the southbound TBM allow tunneling to continue. After the TBM passed, the
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 25 FIG. 2 JV contacted a specialty geotechnical subcontractor to Proposed freeze pipe layout. provide a solution for the shaft’s persistent leaks. Ground freezing design and installation The geotechnical subcontractor proposed the use of artificial ground freezing — the extraction of heat from the ground until the pore water in the soil freezes. This technique creates an impermeable, rigid mass of in situ frozen soil. To chill the soil, metal freeze pipes are installed in the ground at regular spacing. Calcium chloride brine, chilled by mobile refrigeration plants, is circulated through the pipes. The warm soil transfers heat to the cold brine, and the soil is cooled incrementally.
Proposed layout. The system required an array of freeze pipes to freeze the soil around the shaft and isolate the shaft interior from the ground water to cut off the source of the leaks. The frozen wall was designed to provide an independent water cutoff (the slurry wall and jet grouted base were disregarded). The preliminary design called for 68 freeze pipes: 48 vertical pipes at 1 m (3.3 ft) spacing placed 1 m (3.3 ft) outside the exterior perimeter of the shaft and 20 angled pipes to cradle underneath
Tunnel Engineers, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers Wanted
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26 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS
INDUSTRY PROFILE Jacobs Associates involved in all aspects of underground construction rom a major mass transit proj- tunnels, respectively. The tunnels are excavation grouting ahead of the ect in San Juan Puerto Rico to 5.7-m (19-ft) excavated and 3.7-m tunnel face is being conducted to Fquaint wine cave designs for (12-ft) inside diameter. protect the groundwater resources developers and private owners in Making the project challenging under U.S. Forest Service land. California and an underground proj- was the fact that the tunnels pass Jacobs Associates provides wine ect that will add millions of gallons of through granite, gneiss and marble cave design services for developers, want to Southern California’s water rock formations. private owners and wine cave con- supply, Jacobs Associates is involved Ground conditions in the tunnels tractors. With more than 20 years of in almost all levels of underground range from massive, hard, strong and wine cave design experience and 50 construction and tunneling. abrasive rock to very blocky and years of tunneling experience, the In 1954 Donavan Jacobs estab- seamy rock and crushed ground. Ad- company is able to provide creative, lished the business as a one-person ditionally, the tunnel alignments cross functional designs that meet the consulting firm. He took his first active splays of the San Andreas Fault varying code standards throughout assignment in this role as project in three locations. California’s counties. engineer for a consortium of Kaiser- Control of ground water inflows While much of the work Jacobs Walsh-Perini-Raymond on a suc- is critical in order to avoid impacts to Associates does is in California, the cessful contract bid for the Snowy the San Bernardino National Forest firm is not limited. One of it biggest Mountain hydro electric tunnel proj- and San Manwel Indian Reserva- current projects is the Rio Piedra FIG. 3 Contract in San Juan Puerto Rico. ect in New South Wales, Australia. tion. As-built Temp/W model contour plot with CA3 slurry wall superimposed. Temperature monitoring pipes are identified as More than 50 years later, Jacobs The tunnel TM-#.lining for the Arrow- This job consists of a 1,500-m Associates is one of the most suc- head Tunnels is designed to withstand (4,921-ft) long underground rapid cessful contractors in America. The an earthquake of magnitude 8.0. In transit guideway with two under- company was ranked ninth among addition, one portion of the align- ground subway stations. all contractors by Engineering News- ment crosses an active splay of the Most of the project structures Record in 2006. San Andreas Fault, where a special are located below the groundwater Jacobs Associates currently has lining section was used to accom- table and many of the tunnels pass seven offices and numerous projects modate fault rupture. A primary beneath occupied historical build- in the works. lining of bolted and gasketed precast ings with less than 5 m (16 ft) of One of the largest current projects concrete segments was designed to cover. for Jacobs Associates is in San Ber- withstand a pressure of 274 m (900 A unique aspect of this project nardino and Riverside counties, CA. ft) of hydrostatic head — the highest is that different tunneling methods That is where Jacobs is working on pressure ever considered in design were used along the alignment, the Inland Feeder’s 72-km (45-mile) of a segmental tunnel lining. Two which yielded many lessons on the alignment of large-diameter tunnels closed-face tunnel boring machines impact of these methods on the and pipelines that will extend from designed to withstand a pressure of 91 structures above. ■ the foothills of the San Bernardino m (300 ft) of Mountains to the Colorado River hydrostatic Aqueduct in Riverside County, CA. load were The project will nearly double used to ex- DAVIDDAVID R.R. KLUGKLUG && ASSOCIATES,ASSOCIATES, INC.INC. the delivery capability of the Metro- cavate the politan Water District of Southern Arrowhead California’s (MWD) from the east Tunnels. In SpecialtySpecialty Products Marketing and Services Services to for the the branch of the State Water Project. combina- North NorthAmerican American Tunneling Tunneling and Mining Industry Industries It is expected to be able to provide tion with the southern Californians with as much watertight David R. Klug - President as 2.46 GL/d (650 million gal/d) of primary and www.drklug.com Two Penn Center West, Suite 122 Tel (412) 787-2255 additional water. final linings, 6000 Waterdam Plaza Dr., Ste. 120 Tel (724) 942-4670 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15276-0102 Fax (412) 787-5267 The project is comprised of the extensive McMurray, Pennsylvania 15317 Fax (724) 942-4671 East and West contracts that are probe-drill- Email: [email protected] Cell (412) 670-0263 9.6 km (6 miles) and 8 km (5 miles) ing and pre-
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 27
T&UC MARCH 2007 11
MIN_088_091.indd 4 2/27/07 3:36:05 PM FIG. 4 the tunnel on either side of the shaft. The 10 vertical Aerial view of the ground freezing system. pipes above the break-in and break-out locations were installed to the top of the tunnel, approximately 18 m (59 ft) deep. The other 38 vertical pipes were installed approximately 55 m (189 ft) deep, extending several meters into the hard clay layer below EL -34 m. The clay provided an impermeable stratum at the bottom of the frozen cylinder to prevent water recharge from below. Additional pipes for temperature monitors and piezometers were also installed to provide data on soil temperature and groundwater levels. Figure 2 shows a rendering of the proposed freeze pipe layout. In addition to surface pipes, two circuits of contact cooling tubes were proposed for inside the tunnel. These tubes were mounted onto the surface of the concrete liner to chill the concrete on either side of the shaft. They were intended to prevent the warm tunnel from supplying heat to the ground freezing system.
Structural design. The structural engineers were concerned about the stresses on the shaft and tunnel due to the volumetric expansion of frozen soil. Plaxis 3D was used to determine that the additional pressure on the shaft wall and the tunnel could be as high as 520 kPa, with the largest stresses at the intersection of the tunnel and shaft. With this data, the structural engineers designed concrete rings to reinforce the tunnel liner. Two 25-cm (9.8 in.) thick rings extended 4.5 m (15 ft) in each direction out from the exterior of the shaft walls, roughly corresponding to the area encompassed by the jet-grouted blocks. Ventilation Solutions Since 1926 The rings were intended for temporary use and later removal, but were MineVent® eventually left in place due to the need TruOval MineVent® for structural support during ground thaw. MineDuct® The engineers also designed RigiDuct® masonry plug walls to be installed Brattice upstream and downstream of the shaft Flypads to protect the tunnel in case of shaft Curtains failure. Fans & Accessories Thermal design. To estimate the refrigeration energy and time required to form the proposed frozen wall, the ground freezing subcontrator performed a thermal design using the finite-element analysis program MinExpo #4214 Temp/W. Because the wall was needed only for water cutoff and not for direct earth support, the target soil temperatures were not as stringent as for a conventional structural frozen ABC Industries, Inc. 574-267-5166 • 800.426.0921 • www.abc-industries.net wall.
28 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® The soil parameters for the FIG. 5 thermal design were based on the Elevation vs. temperature. sandy silt layer, assumed to be the least conducive to freezing. Additionally, the freeze pipe layout was modeled at the area of greatest concern: the tunnel invert elevation, where the distance between angled freeze pipes was largest. The design locations of the pipes were used initially. The analysis was repeated using as-built freeze pipe locations after installation. Figure 3 shows the thermal contour plot of the as-built Temp/W model. The thermal analysis suggested that closure of the frozen wall would be achieved after approximately 63 days of freezing. The final portions of the frozen wall to close would be the areas immediately below the tunnel invert. The area of frozen soil is represented within the dashed blue contour indicating the 0° C (32° F) isotherm. System installation Freeze pipes and temperature monitors were installed by rotary drilling methods with a track- mounted core drill using bentonite mud as a drilling fluid. Once the holes were drilled to final depth, 114.3 mm (4.5 in.) diameter steel pipe was inserted into the borehole in 12 m (39 ft) sections and butt welded. An end cap was welded to the first segment in the ground. After installation, each pipe was pressure-tested to 150 percent of working pressure to ensure brine would not leak into the surrounding ground. The pipes were surveyed with an inclinometer to determine deviation from design; due to drilling tolerances, 73 pipes were installed rather than the design quantity of 68 pipes. After drilling was completed, the brine circulation system was installed. The system consisted of the following components:
• Refrigeration plants: Two mobile plants one 400 hp (298 kW), one 300 hp (223 kW) chilled the brine to a temperature of -25° to -30°C
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 29 FIG. 6 (13° to 22° F). Due to the Temperature vs time in TM-07. incompatibility of American motors with the Argentine power grid, electric power was supplied by diesel generators. • Centrifugal pumps: Two 50-hp (37-kW) pumps, connected in parallel, circulated brine through the piping and plants. • Header piping: Insulated steel supply and return piping delivered brine through each freeze pipe and back to the plants. • Drop tubes: Polyethylene tubes were inserted to the bottom of each pipe. Brine flowed down each tube and returned through the annular space between the tube and the steel freeze pipe. • Tunnel cooling circuits: Rectangular steel tubes were mounted directly on the tunnel liner rings. A pipe was drilled through the top of the tunnel from the interior of the shaft to connect the circuits to brine supply and return piping.
Figure 4 shows an aerial view of the system layout. Two rings of black insulated header piping surround the shaft. One ring supplies cold brine to the freeze pipes, the other returns warmer brine to the refrigeration plants. Instrumentation An instrumentation and data acquisition system was installed to monitor the ground freezing progress. The system included sensors for brine flow, temperature and pressure; ambient temperature; soil temperature and piezometer level. Temperature monitoring pipes were installed around the shaft at varying distances from the frozen wall. A sensor string was installed in each monitoring pipe, with sensors spaced equally from the bottom to the top of A World Leader in Geotechnics, Tunnel Engineering, the frozen wall. The sensors were connected to and Tunnel Construction Management a centrally located control panel www.gzconsultants.com and desktop computer for real-time monitoring and data logging. The VIRGINIA | NEW YORK | CALIFORNIA | UNITED KINGDOM | AUSTRIA | CHILE | SINGAPORE
30 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® instrumentation system was activated FIG. 7 one week prior to the start of freezing Temperature vs. distance to nearest freeze pipe. to gather baseline data for comparative purposes. System operation From Sept. 10, 2014 until Feb. 4, 2015, the plants operated 24 hours per day to freeze the soil around access shaft 3. Progress of the frozen wall growth was monitored through daily analysis of the temperature data. The plots in Figs 5, 6 and 7 are each shown 64 days after freezing commenced. The soil cooled at different rates according to the following variables:
• Soil type: As seen in Fig. 5, sensors in the granular soil cooled more quickly than those in fine-grained silt and clay layers. Because silica and quartz have much lower heat capacities than water, soil with higher water content takes longer to freeze. • Freezing time: Figure 6 demonstrates a typical trend of temperature versus time. The soil cooled rapidly at the outset, then slowed as it approached the phase change See you at from liquid water to ice. Booth 2121 • Distance from the freeze in the pipes: Sensors closer to freeze North pipes cooled more quickly. By Hall! plotting temperature versus the distance between from sensor to the nearest freeze pipe, as in Fig. 7, the thickness of the frozen wall can be approximated. On Day 64, all sensors within 1.1 m (3.7 ft) of a freeze pipe were below 0°C (32° F), implying that the STOP SPENDING frozen wall was roughly 2.2-m (7.2-ft) thick by that date. MONEY ON AIR The data suggested that the frozen New battery-powered Scooptram ST7 soil had fully formed into a watertight No emissions. No power cables. wall by Day 64. Closure of a frozen 800-732-6762 shaft is normally indicated by a rise in www.atlascopco.us water elevation inside the shaft. Since CA3 had an existing concrete structure that affected ground water response, it was more difficult to determine
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 31 FIG. 8 After removing the tunnel segments, the joint venture prepared the base of the final liner.
closure. For confirmation, the shaft was evacuated in the water level inside the shaft and the phreatic surface a controlled pump-down test over a period of four outside. days. The water level of the shaft was continuously monitored and compared against the piezometer levels. Shaft excavation. Concurrent with the formation
This ensuredT&UC adthat 2016.pdf there was 1 no5/10/16 communication 9:33 AM between of the frozen soil wall, the JV installed the concrete
32 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® reinforcing rings and the masonry plugs recommended collaboration and careful planning during the design, by the structural engineer. Once the ground freezing installation, and operation phases: subcontractor confirmed closure, the JV proceeded with installation of the final shaft liner. The soil around • The soil pressures did not cause any damage to the tunnel was excavated, the tunnel segments were either the tunnel or the shaft structures, validating removed and a concrete slab at the base of the shaft the structural model. was poured. Plugs of grout and soil were visible in some • The estimated freezing time was in close exposed slurry panel joints, as shown in Fig. 8. During agreement with actual field conditions, confirming the Argentine summer ambient temperatures reached as the accuracy of the thermal model. high as 36°C (97° F), but the ground freezing system kept • After more than two years of difficulties, ground the air temperature at the base of the shaft a cool 11.5° C freezing enabled the joint venture to successfully (53° F). excavate and construct access shaft 3. n The ground freezing system remained in operation until the JV installed the final shaft liner above the level Acknowledgments of the known leaks in the slurry wall. The system was The authors would like to recognize the parties that turned off after 147 days of operation. No noticeable contributed to the project’s success: Owner: Agua y heave or settlement was observed at ground surface. Saneamientos Argentinos; General contractor: Aguas del Paraná UTE (Odebrecht, Roggio, Supercemento, Conclusion Cartellone); Ground freezing subcontractor and designer: When other ground improvement methods were Moretrench American Corp.; Drilling subcontractor: unsuccessful in stopping the leaks at access shaft 3, Fundaciones Especiales; Structural consultant: Halcrow ground freezing provided a unique solution. The difficult and Geotechnical consultants: Studio Geotecnico conditions on this project were overcome through Italiano; Vardé & Asociados; Vecttor Projetos.
Agru_TUC_09.16.indd 1 8/4/16 2:19 PM
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 33 FEATURE ARTICLE World’s largest live tunnel connection at TARP McCook Tunnel
he McCook Main Tunnel system FIG. 1 consists of a 10-m (33-ft) finished McCook Reservoir aerial view. Tdiameter, 490-m (1,600-ft) long, hard rock tunnel constructed from a 27.5-m (90- ft) diameter and 92-m (300-ft) deep main gate and tunnel construction access shaft. The gate shaft houses six, high-head 4.4 m by 9 m (14.5 ft by 29.5 ft) wheel gates to be installed in the bifurcated and steel- lined section of the tunnel. The tunnel also includes portal and energy dissipation structures as it daylights into the reservoir. The construction of the tunnel system has been divided into two contracts. The gate and construction access shaft was completed in August 2011. The tunnel excavation and concrete and steel lining was completed in September 2014. The remaining and undergoing construction include the tunnel connections to the reservoir and the Mainstream Tunnel and installation of gates and hydraulic cylinders. This article Michigan. Phase I of TARP, which included construction focuses on the live connection of the McCook Main Tunnel of 175 km (109 miles) of deep storage and conveyance to the Mainstream Tunnel that was initiated in November tunnels with diameters up to 10 m (33 ft), was completed 2014 and will continue through the seasonal drier weather in 2006. In addition to protection of Lake Michigan conditions in Chicago approximately from October from CSO discharges, Phase I resulted in substantial through April. improvements in surface water quality as well as the quality of life for lake and riverfront communities in Chicago TARP Chicago. Water quality improvements and flooding system mitigation will be further enhanced as Phase II reservoirs Faruk Oksuz, Miquel Sanchez, Mike The MWRD are placed in service, including the three large reservoir has been systems, McCook, Thornton and Majewski (Fig. 1). Padilla, Dave Schiemann, Carmen addressing The McCook Reservoir is the largest reservoir in the Scalise and Matt Trotter combined TARP system. Once completed, this $700-million reservoir sewer overflows facility will receive 38 billion L (10 billion gal) of CSO Faruk Oksuz, member UCA of SME, and (CSO) and and flood water via the McCook Main Tunnel, which Miguel Sanchez, are project director/ flooding in connects the TARP Mainstream Tunnel to the McCook principal and project manager Black & Veatch; Mike Chicagoland Reservoir, and from distribution and Des Plaines inflow since the tunnels which will bring flow from the Des Plaines Tunnel Padilla, member UCA of SME, and Dave late 1960s of TARP. Schiemann are project manager and contractor and formally office representative, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago adopted the McCook Main Tunnel layout District; , member UCA of SME, tunnel and McCook Main Tunnel daylights into the McCook Carmen Scalise reservoir plan in Reservoir at the northeast edge and extends east toward is project director, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District 1972 to protect the existing Mainstream Tunnel (Fig. 2). The tunnel is of Greater Chicago and Matt Trotter, member UCA the region’s excavated using sequential drill-and-blast and lined with of SME, is project manager, Kiewit Infrastructure Company, most precious concrete and steel in sections for long-term stability and to email [email protected]. drinking water minimize infiltration and exfiltration. supply, Lake The McCook Main Tunnel is excavated in its entirety
34 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® FIG. 2 McCook Main Tunnel layout and components.
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T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 35 FIG. 3 and one downstream of the main Bifurcated and steel lined gate section of McCook Main Tunnel. gate. The gates, hydraulic cylinders and controls were manufactured under a separate contract and were provided to the contractor as government furnished items. The gates were designed by Black & Veatch and fabricated by Oregon Iron Works. • Main Tunnel/Mainstream Tunnel connection – This is the connection section of Main Tunnel to live Mainstream Tunnel. Main Tunnel was excavated to roughly 11 m (36 ft) diameter tunnel and broke through near the crown of existing 10-m (33-ft) diameter Mainstream in bedrock, consisting of massive, relatively homogenous Tunnel that remained in service. During design, the Silurian and late Ordovician dolomites. These rocks form a connection geometry was analyzed and evaluated relatively uniform 100 + m (300 + ft) thick sequence across to minimize potential turbulence and cavitation the site and incorporate the Racine Formation, Sugar using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As Run Formation, Joliet Formation, Kankakee Formation, a result, the connection area has a flat-topped Elwood Formation and Wilhelmi Formation of Silurian circular section from Station 7+07E to Station age. The tunnel is located in the Kankakee and Elwood 8+52E. Live construction details are discussed in Formations. detail later in this article. The McCook Main Tunnel system has the following • Main Tunnel/McCook Reservoir connection – The key components: Main Tunnel connection to the McCook Reservoir includes portal excavation and stabilization • Main tunnel section - Approximately 490 m (1,600 work at the quarry highwall face and an energy ft) long, 10 m (33 ft) inside diameter hard rock dissipation structure. The portal will be excavated tunnel, bifurcated into two tunnels for 88 m (290 from the reservoir side and will be supported with ft) through the gate shaft section. rock bolts, wire mesh and shotcrete. • Main gate/access shaft - 27 m (88 ft) diameter, • Control building – a surface facility to house gate 90 m (295 ft) deep circular shaft located near operating controls, hydraulic power units and midpoint of the main tunnel and houses the provide limited storage. bifurcated tunnel section. This shaft was used for construction of the tunnel and houses the high The McCook Main Tunnel system design, construction, head wheel gates for controlling flow between operation and commissioning are coordinated with the TARP Mainstream Tunnel and McCook Reservoir. overall McCook Reservoir water control plan as well as • Construction shaft (contractor option) - An the reservoir excavation, quarry highwall stabilization, optional, 7.6-m (25-ft) diameter, 87-m (285-ft) deep ground water protection system construction, and shaft was located at 91 m (300 ft) downstream distribution and Des Plaines Inflow Tunnel connections or west of the mainstream tunnel connection. that are currently underway. Hydraulic structures have Kiewit elected to build this shaft to facilitate been designed to withstand erosion or cavitation during the live connection work even though it is not a reservoir filling and emptying cycles and to handle requirement for operation of the system. As the flows up to 850 m3/sec (30,000 cu ft/sec) and velocities tunnel and gate shaft excavation and lining were approaching to 12 m3/s (40 cu ft/sec). completed, a temporary concrete bulkhead was installed to isolate the live connection section from Live tunnel connection the rest of gate and reservoir works to the east. The live connection to the Mainstream Tunnel has • Gates - A total of six wheel gates operating under been challenging due to safety considerations and limited 100 m (300 ft) of water pressure head are being access as the tunnel has to remain in service at all times. installed. Each gate measures 4.4 m by 9 m (14.5 The connection is located near the downstream terminus ft by 29.5 ft) with associated hydraulic cylinders, of the Mainstream Tunnel, which drains over 65 km (40.5 power units, and associated gate controls. Each miles) of tunnel network virtually encompassing the highly bifurcated section of the main tunnel contains one developed city of Chicago. When it rains, the tunnel fills up main gate and two guard gates — one upstream rapidly with CSO and flood water. The MWRD operates
36 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® FIG. 4 Connection layout with CFD modeling allowed optimization of connection geometry for operations.
the tunnel system and the Mainstream pump station to between the end of the Main Tunnel excavations and collect and pump out the CSOs and subsequently treats the Mainstream Tunnel and to assess the presence and the flows through the Stickney water reclamation plant. characteristics of potential gases and ventilation needs. There is a constant base flow in the tunnel accounting Once the tunnel access conditions were satisfied, the about 113 to 150 million L/d (30 to 40 million gal/day) top heading of the Main Tunnel was excavated using and MWRD uses a smaller pump set to evacuate the base controlled blasting and connected to the Mainstream flow or sometimes allows water to accumulate in tunnel until larger pumps are started up. As required in the specifications, Kiewit has developed a comprehensive SURECRETE INC. connection construction work plan for the live tunnel connection. Several www.surecrete.com partnering and weekly project meetings were held with Kiewit to review CEMENTITIOUS GROUT MATERIALS specifications, submittals, tunnel access conditions, and the entry and HI STUFF CONCRETE CRACK REPAIR exit protocols. The tunnel access and construction work is required to be EARTH TIGHT PEAT AND SLUDGE STABILIZER coordinated with MWRD’s operations and adverse weather or rain conditions. COLLOID MEDIUM CRACKS AND SANDS Project safety has been number one COLLOID SQA FAST SETTING GEOTECHNICAL priority to everyone and live tunnel OIL AND GAS SQUEEZE/ access requirements are clearly defined and communicated to all parties REMEDIATION involved. SUPER FINE FINE CRACKS AND SANDS Breakthrough and management of SUPER FINE L GEOTHERMAL AND BRINE water Kiewit designed a base flow SUPER FINE SQA FAST-SETTING GEOTECHNICAL bypass system consisting of upstream SUPER FINE X-3 LIMITED PENETRATION and downstream check dams (or half FOR SURFACE SEALING bulkheads) with a 914-mm (36-in.) nominal diameter HDPE bypass pipe across the connection section of the HNP-1500 NANO-FINE GEOTECHNICAL Mainstream Tunnel. Two probe holes were drilled into the connection heading +1 206- 523- 1233 [email protected] to investigate for the presence of water SHOTCRETE, CONCRETE , AND GROUTING MATERIALS and gases that may have been trapped
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 37 FIG. 5 Timber decking in Mainstream Tunnel.
Tunnel with a pilot tunnel. A ramp was constructed on place, 2.4-m (8-ft) wide and long, and 203-mm (8-in.) thick the dry side of the pilot tunnel using the shot rock. Later, timber decking (or mats) were placed across the tunnel. the pilot tunnel opening was enlarged with additional The process is repeated until an approximately 24-m (80- rounds of blasting and jack hammers. The ramp was kept ft) long access deck was completed. Top of the deck was at a higher elevation than Mainstream Tunnel invert to approximately 4 m (12 ft) above the tunnel invert with allow installation of a temporary work platform (access water flowing below at approximately 1.2 to 1.5 m (4 to 5 deck) using timber decking mats over the water in tunnel. ft) depth as MWRD was able to maintain pumping. Once initial steel set beams (W14 x 109) were anchored in
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38 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® FIG. 6 Upstream check dam (left) and bypass pipe and downstream check dam.
Connection details removed through the pilot tunnel opening and Following the installation of work platform, the construction shaft. connection work consisted of the following activities: • Excavation of the remaining pilot tunnel heading into the Mainstream Tunnel using slash and drift • Removal of the existing concrete liner in the rounds. tunnel arch using a hydraulic excavator with a • Extension of work platform to limits of existing breaking hammer and installation of ground liner replacement within Mainstream Tunnel. support in the connection area. The muck was
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T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 39 FIG. 7 Bull nose at Main Tunnel (left) and Mainstream Tunnel Connection and concreting of invert toward Main Tunnel.
The existing nominal 305-mm (12-in.) thick and lowering of HDPE pipe below decking. unreinforced concrete liner was scribed with a • Excavation of the bench into the Mainstream radial saw cut at the limits of replacement that are Tunnel and matched inverts with Main Tunnel as established by the structural engineer’s inspections shown on the drawings. and evaluation of field and lab test results. • Removal of the invert of the existing liner to • Assembled and installed 915 mm (36 in.) HDPE the replacement limits. The radial sawcuts were bypass piping on top of the deck. The pipe had continued along the invert of the existing concrete fusion welded joints and was assembled on rollers liner at the replacement limits. on top of the access deck. Pipe support clamps • Installation of initial support components including were attached for securing the pipe to the liner resin grouted rock dowels and fiber reinforced once decking was removed. shotcrete. • Installation of temporary check dams (or half • Additional and as needed provisions for lighting, bulkheads) consisting of steel piles, framework and ventilation, monitoring for hazardous gases and steel plates in the Mainstream Tunnel at upstream care of water. and downstream locations. Tunnel water level was drawn down to lowest possible during installation During the winter of 2014-2015, the liner removal was of check dams. completed and approximately one-third of the tunnel was • Installation of the bulkhead plates into the frames lined with reinforced concrete starting with the invert. The
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40 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® connection works were exposed to inundation more than 30 and contributions of all project participants. In addition to times where all personnel and equipment were evacuated authors listed for this article, we specifically acknowledge out of the area upon notice from MWRD operators or the Gordon Kelly (USACE), Kevin Fitzpatrick (MWRD), weather service dispatcher. All installations have survived Brent Bridges and Mark Petermann (Kiewit) and Charles the full flooding of the tunnel and remaining reinforcement Strauss and Clay Haynes (Black & Veatch) for their and lining work will be completed in 2015-2016 winter contributions to this paper. season. Several lessons learned were valuable to the team as the Reference Mainstream Tunnel was opened up for the first time after Oksuz, F., and Trotter, M., 2015. McCook Main Tunnel Construction, New 35 years of service. Tunnel liner was in near perfect circular York: George A. Fox Tunneling Conference. shape without any sign of damage, major cracking or water seepage. Despite downstream location, there was no sediment or grit accumulation observed primarily due to high velocity tunnel flows created with large dewatering pumps. It is noted however, there was significant grit accumulation in the TUNNELING Main Tunnel once the construction CONSTRUCTION work was suspended over the spring MINING and summer of 2015. The tunnel liner NUCLEAR concrete exhibited very high unconfined compressive strength, in the order of 83 PROCESS MPA (12,000 psi) compared to initial CEMENT placement specification of 28v MPA (4,000 psi), also known as the MWRD’s RA mix. Visual inspection, field and laboratory testing of the concrete liner and favorable conditions verified allowed the designer to shorten the limits of excavation by approximately 12 m (40 ft) at the downstream end where existing liner was left in place. Conclusion The connection work resumed in October 2015 and was expected to be completed within another one or two more dry seasons depending on time afforded with weather conditions and MWRD operations. At the time this paper is finalized, the team expects that most of the connection work is safely WHEN TRUE EFFECTIVENESS completed and as much as weather conditions permit. IS SPELLED S A F E T Y Kiewit continues to work on other With more than 6,000 Brokk machines in use worldwide, this remote-controlled little critical path duration activities on the giant has set a new standard for effi cient, cost-effective work where power and accessibility project including installation of gates is a diffi cult equation to solve. With its jaw-dropping reach, fl exibility and hitting power and portal work for reservoir connection and with the operator on a safe distance from the action, it maximizes effectiveness and and final reservoir preparations. The minimizes injuries. Perfect for profi table tunneling projects. project team is actively engaged in other components and the Stage 1 of the McCook Reservoir, which is expected to be in service by the end of 2017. n Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the efforts Brokk Inc. | Monroe WA | 1-360-794-1277 | [email protected] | www.brokk.com
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 41 TUNNEL DEMAND
COMPILED BY JONATHAN KLUG, DAVID R. KLUG & ASSOCIATES
TUNNEL NAME OWNER LOCATION STATE TUNNEL LENGTH WIDTH BID USE (FEET) (FEET) YEAR STATUS Gateway Tunnel Amtrak Newark NJ Subway 14,600 24.5 2016 Under study 2nd Ave. Phase 2-4 NYC-MTA New York NY Subway 105,600 20 2017-22 Under study Water Tunnel #3 NYC-DEP New York NY Water 20,000 22 2015 Kiewit - Shea bypass tunnel JV awarded Water Tunnel #3 NYC-DEP New York NY Water 84,000 20 2017 Under design Stage 3 Kensico Bergen Point Suffolk Co., DPW Babalon NY Sewer 14,200 12 2017 Under design Wastewater Outfall Cross Harbor Freight NYC Reg. Develop. New York NY Highway 25,000 30 2016 Under study Tunnel Authority South Conveyance City of Hartford Hartford CT CSO 16,000 26 2015 Kenny/Obayashi Tunnel JV awarded Amtrak B&P Tunnel Amtrak Baltimore MD Rail 10,000 30 2018 Under design Purple Line - MD Transit Baltimore MD Subway 1,000 30x40 2015 PL Transit Plymouth Tunnel Administration Const. low bid Thimble Shoal Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake VA Highway 5,700 45 2016 Dragados/ Parallel Tunnel Bridge & Tunnel Dist. Schiavone low bid Northeast Boundary Tunnel DC Water and Sewer Washington DC CSO 17,500 23 2017 Prequals Authority submitted Olentangy Relief City of Columbus Columbus OH Sewer 58,000 14 2017 Under design Sewer Tunnel Blacklick Creek San. City of Columbus Columbus OH Sewer 24,000 10 2015 Michels/Jay Interceptor Tunnel Dee JV low bid Alum Creek Relief City of Columbus Columbus OH Sewer Tunnel Phase 1 30,000 18 2017 Under design Phase 2 21,000 14 2018 Under design Doan Valley Storage NEORSD Cleveland OH CSO 9,700 17 2017 Under design Tunnel Westerly Main NEORSD Cleveland OH CSO 12,300 24 2020 Under design Storage Tunnel Shoreline Storage NEORSD Cleveland OH CSO 16,100 21 2021 Under design Tunnel Southerly Storage NEORSD Cleveland OH CSO 17,600 23 2024 Under design Tunnel Ohio Canal City of Akron Akron OH CSO 6,170 27 2015 Bid date Interceptor Tunnel 4th Q 2015 Continental Rail CRG Consortium Detroit MI Rail 10,000 28 2015 Under design Gateway ALCOSAN CSO Ohio River Allegheny Co. Pittsburgh PA CSO 10,000 30 2019 Under design Allegheny River Sanitary Authority 41,700 30 2020 Under design Mononghahela River 53,900 30 2021 Under design Three Rivers City of Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN CSO 26,400 12 2016 Prequals Protection/Overflow submitted Deer Creek Sanitary St. Louis MSD St. Louis MO CSO 21,000 19 2016 Bid date Tunnel 8/25/16
42 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® FORECAST
TUNNEL LENGTH WIDTH BID TUNNEL NAME OWNER LOCATION STATE STATUS USE (FEET) (FEET) YEAR Lower & Middle St. Louis MSD St. Louis MO CSO 47,500 30 2020 Under design River Des Peres Storage Tunnel Lower Meramec Tunnel St. Louis MSD St. Louis MO CSO 35,900 8 2020 Under design Minne Lusa Tunnel Omaha Public Works Omaha NE CSO 28,500 17 2017 Under design Mill Creek Peaks City of Dallas Dallas TX CSO 5,500 26 2014 To be rebid Branch Tunnel Palmer Lane City of Austin Austin TX CSO 12,000 8 2016 Bid date 9/16/2016 Interceptor Tunnel Ballard to Seattle Public Seattle WA CSO 14,250 14 2018 Under design Wallingford Tunnel Utilities L.A. Metro Westside Los Angeles MTA Los Angeles CA Subway Skanska/Traylor, Extension Phase 1 42,000 20 2014 Shea awarded Phase 2 26,500 20 2016 No award to date Phase 3 26,500 20 2017 Under design Speulvada Pass Corridor Los Angeles MTA Los Angeles CA High/Trans. 55,500 60 2017 Under study Northeast Interceptor LA Dept. of Water Los Angeles CA Sewer 18,500 18 2014 Under design Sewer 2A and Power River Supply Conduit LA Dept. of Water Los Angeles CA Water 13,500 12 2015 Under design - Unit 7 and Power JWPCP Effluent Outfall Sanitation Districts Los Angeles CA Sewer 37,000 18 2015 Advertize 4Q 2016 Tunnel project of LA Freeway 710 Tunnel CALTRANS Long Beach CA Highway 26,400 38 2016 Under design BDCP Tunnel #1 Bay Delta Sacramento CA Water 26,000 29 2017 Under design BDCP Tunnel # 2 Conservation Plan 369,600 35 2018 Under design SVRT BART Santa Clara Valley San Jose CA Subway 22,700 20 2016 Redesign activated Trans Authority Coxwell Bypass Tunnel City of Toronto Toronto ON CSO 35,000 12 2015 Advertize 3Q 2017 program Keswick Effluent Outfall City of Toronto Toronto ON CSO 11,600 23 2018 Under design Yonge St. Extension Toronto Transit Toronto ON Subway 15,000 18 2016 Under study Commission Taylor Massey Tunnel City of Toronto Toronto ON CSO 20,000 18 2018 Under design Inner Harbour West City of Toronto Toronto ON CSO 18,400 19 2021 Under design Scarborough Rapid Toronto Transit Toronto ON Subway 25,000 18 2017 Under design/ Transit Extension Commission delayed CSS - East-West City of Ottawa Ottawa ON CSO 14,400 10 2015 Dragados/RW Tomlinson low bid Green Line LRT City of Calgary Calgary AB Traansit 26,250 20 2018 Under design Second Narrows Tunnel City of Vancouver Vancouver BC CSO 3,600 14 2013 Under design Annacis Island Outfall City of Vancouver Vancouver BC Water 8,000 10 2017 Under design Burnaby Mountain Kinder Morgan Vancouver BC Oil 8,000 12 2017 Under design UBC Line project Trans Link Vancouver BC Subway 12,000 18 2015 Under design
Northern Gateway Enbridge Northern Kitimat BC Clore Tunnel Oil 23,000 20 2014 Under design Hoult Tunnel Oil 23,000 20 2014 Under design
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 43 uca of sme NEWS
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Highlights of the UCA Executive Committee meeting
he Executive Committee of the World Tunnel Congress. Attendance tual curriculum to teach underground UCA of SME met during the exceeded expectations, with more construction and tunneling. A second TWorld Tunnel Congress (WTC) than 2,300 visitors from 54 countries suggestion is to create a list of speak- in San Francisco, CA on April 28, 2016. converging at the week-long event. ers available to make presentations to After the WTC, the board confirmed A record-setting 298 exhibit booths university classes. These speakers will the new slate of officers for the com- showcased the most current products carry a message of career opportuni- ing year by electronic ballot: Arthur and technical developments in the ties in the underground construction Silber, chair; Michael Roach, vice chair world. Significant volunteer contribu- and tunneling industries to students and William Edgerton, past chair. tors to the success of the WTC will be and prospective employees. New directors include: Jack Brockway, recognized during the Moles dinner The UCA of SME also gave WTC Richard Redmond, Michael Smithson at the 2017 George Fox Conference in 2016 attendance scholarships to more and Erika Moonin. New York City, NY. than 50 students to foster additional The committee reviewed the cur- The Outreach Subcommittee is student involvement. All were excited rent state of business affairs for the considering two ways to expand the about attending and learning about UCA. The History of Tunneling book educational opportunities for young the opportunities in the underground is expected to be published by the end professionals and young professors industry, and they were appreciative of 2016. Complimentary copies are studying and teaching underground of the scholarships that enabled them available to attendees of WTC 2016. construction and tunneling. UCA is to attend a conference during the The WTC 2016 conference experi- considering a teach-the-teachers work- school year. Without the scholarship, enced the greatest number of registra- shop for up to 20 young professors pri- only a few of the students could have tions and exhibits in the history of the or to RETC 2017 that will provide ac- attended. n Four new directors join UCA Executive Committee
ack E. Brockway, Erika P. Moo- management, all specific to the sup- 25 years for the American Society of nin, Richard Redmond and Mi- ply of TBMs worldwide. Since join- Civil Engineers, serving in many lo- Jchael Smithson joined the UCA ing Herrenknecht 20 years ago, his cal branch, region and national board Executive Committee on July 1, 2016. primary focus has been tunneling and committee positions. She is currently JACK E. BROCKWAY, P.E., is mining projects for North America. the engineering project manager for president of Herrenknecht Tunnel- ERIKA P. MOONIN, P.E., the SNWA’s Lake Mead Intake No. 3 ling Systems USA D.WRE, is a project, estimated at approx. $1.4 bil- and Canada, H+E licensed profes- lion, that will ensure the water supply USA (convey- sional engineer for Las Vegas Valley. ors) and VMT in the states of RICHARD REDMOND, P.E., is USA (guidance Nevada and president of Redmond Construction systems). He is California. She Engineering in responsible for graduated from Garden City, NY. all Herrenknecht the University of He has more than tunnel boring Nevada-Las Vegas 35 years experi- MOONIN machines (TBM) with a bachelor of ence as a contrac- BROCKWAY and related mining science degree in civil engineering. tor and construc- business in North America. He is a She started her career working for an tion manager, cost graduate of the University of Wash- engineering consulting firm and now estimator and ington and a registered professional has more than 20 years of experi- dispute resolution engineer (mechanical) in Washington. ence working for the Las Vegas Val- board chairman He joined the TBM industry in 1973 ley Water District and the Southern REDMOND for major under- and has held a variety of positions in Nevada Water Authority (SNWA). ground and transit projects in the engineering, marketing and business She also has volunteered for the past United States.
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 44 uca of sme NEWS
Notable projects include the is responsible for Skanska’s under- for underground and tunnel contrac- NYC Water Tunnel #3, MTA 7 ground heavy civil projects in the tors. Prior to joining Skanska in 2012, Subway Exten- western United States, including the he worked for Kenny Construction sion , MTA 2nd Regional Connector and Westside in Chicago, IL. Ave Subway, San Subway Extension, Contract 1 for Smithson received a B.S. in en- Francisco Central the Los Angeles County Metro- gineering from Purdue University Subway and LA politan Transportation Authority. and an M.S. in civil engineering from Metro Regional In addition, he serves as the project the University of Illinois. He is a Connector. director for the Regional Connector licensed professional engineer in the MICHAEL project. He has more than 24 years Ohio. He has held leadership roles SMITHSON is a of geotechnical engineering and un- with the NAT Conference and was SMITHSON senior vice presi- derground construction experience conference chair for the WTC 2016 dent with Skanska USA Civil. He with 22 years of experience working in San Francisco, CA. n UCA seeks nominations for the Executive Committee he UCA Division seeks recom- If you would like to nominate • Provide a brief biography or mendations and nominations someone for consideration, forward résumé outlining the person’s Tfrom all UCA members for your recommendation to Spencer industry experience and interested individuals to serve on the Chase ([email protected]) at SME service to UCA and other UCA Executive Committee for the headquarters by Nov. 28, 2016. The professional organizations. term 2017 to 2021. Current bylaws individual nominated must be a mem- call for a 19-person Executive Com- ber of the UCA of SME. Staff will Note for past submissions mittee. Membership on the commit- compile all nominations for the UCA If you have submitted candi- tee consists of three officers, chair, Nominating Committee’s consider- dates for consideration in the past vice chair and past chair, and four ation. three years, please resubmit or send directors from each of the following A few items are requested to help a note to check on the status of your areas: engineers, contractors, owners with the committee’s decision. nominee. Traditionally, all nominees and suppliers. The UCA Executive are resubmitted for consideration for Committee seeks a balanced repre- • Identify in which of the four three consecutive years if they have sentation from the four areas, but it areas the individual should not been selected for the executive has the option to have more members be considered for service: committee slate. Your diligence will in one or more areas and fewer mem- engineer, contractor, owner or ensure that all qualified candidates bers in others. supplier. are reviewed. n
PERSONAL NEWS RICHARD D. staff. JAMES WONNEBERG, P.E., Washington D.C. for the Blue Plains MACDONALD CCM, (SME) joined the Seattle, WA Tunnel, part of the DC Clean Rivers JR. has been office as a lead associate, providing Project, where he had the opportu- elected the 2016- support to the nity to see the project through from 2017 president of Washington State notice to proceed to final comple- The Moles. Mac- Department of tion. MARK FUNKHOUSER, P.E., Donald is senior Transportation as joined the Cleveland, OH office as a vice president and resident engineer principal-geotechnical engineer. He division manager on the SR 99 Alas- has 30 years of international experi- MACDONALD for the Construc- kan Way Viaduct ence specializing in geotechnical and tion Division of Weeks Marine. He replacement proj- rock mechanics engineering. PETER is responsible for projects along the ect. Wonneberg RALEIGH, C.Eng., P.E., returns to U.S. East Coast, Gulf Coast, Latin WONNEBERG started his career McMillen Jacobs Associates as a lead America and the Caribbean. in Chicago, IL then relocated to associate in the Cleveland office. He Seattle in 2008 for the Brightwater recently served as construction man- McMillen Jacobs Associates has an- Central Tunnel and Influent Pump ager on the Green Line Underground nounced the addition of several key Station projects. In 2011, he moved to project in Doha, Qatar. BRIAN
45 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® uca of sme NEWS
LAUSH, lead associate, has joined tunneling works in Australia. He has and project the SR 99 Alaskan Way Viaduct Re- worked extensively in mining and management placement Project in the Seattle, WA geotechnical engineering. experience in office providing project controls on transportation, the project. DOUG GRIMES, P.G., NASRI MUNFAH (SME) has been transit and PMP, joined the firm’s Vancouver of- appointed a senior vice president underground fice as an associate. He has more than and director of global tunneling at engineering. He 25 years of experience in technical WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff. He will is a principal and project management roles on hy- be responsible for developing a long- investigator and dropower, dam safety, mining, water term strategic plan to advance the MUNFAH a co-author of supply, environmental and reclama- firm’s tunneling practice nationally Federal Highway Administration tion projects. JAE BATEMAN, C P, and globally. Munfah has more than Tunnel Design Manual. Previously, joined the Sydney, Australia office 30 years of experience in tunneling Munfah was chairman of HTNB as an associate focusing on major and underground engineering Tunnel Services. n
UCA YOUNG MEMBERS Join UCA Young Members oin the UCA Young Members technical skills to use in the field, and webinars and become a member of group in supporting the growth sharing innovative technologies and our SME community group (UCA Jand development of young engi- research with the membership. The Young Members) to keep up-to-date neers and professionals in the tunnel- group consists of young people who on university outreach, social events ing and underground construction in- believe that the stability of the indus- and discussions. More information can dustry who are interested in learning try depends on the next generation of be found at http://community.smenet. more about the profession, developing professionals. Join us for free monthly org/ucaym/home. n
November 6-9, 2016 The Concourse Hotel at LAX, Los Angeles, CA
Registration NOW OPEN Join us in Los Angeles, California, November 6-9, 2016. Hear from industry experts sharing their experiences of developing California’s High Speed Rail and the massive Bay Delta Conveyance Tunnel in the heart of Los Angeles. Expand your knowledge on advancements with BIM and data analysis, mountain range tunneling innovations and more. Register early, bring your work boots and gain hands-on experience with a tour of the Crenshaw/LAX Transit Project. Keynotes will include: Crenshaw/LAX tunnel boring machine. Dr. Joshua Schank, Chief Innovation Officer, Los Angeles Metro Simon Williams, Founder and Director, QuantumBlack Don’t miss this two-day conference featuring the latest trends, techniques and developments in urban tunneling. Sponsorship and exhibitor opportunities are also available. The time to act is now! The Cutting Edge Conference is organized in partnership with For more information visit www.ucaofsmecuttingedge.com North American Tunneling Journal and the UCA of SME
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T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 46 CLASSIFIEDS
ADVERTISING SALES OFFICES World’s Leader in Underground HOOPER JONES Grouting Equipment CENTRAL, NW U.S. +1-847-486 -1021 • Tunneling & Mining • Environmental Cell: +1-847-903-1853 • Heavy Construction Remediation Fax: +1-847-486-1025 [email protected] • Building Construction • Well Drilling Drilling Geothermal MARSHA TABB • Restoration Repair EAST, SOUTH, WEST U.S. • Highway & Bridges +1-215-794-3442 Fax: +1-215-794-2247 [email protected] SHERRI ANTONACCI EAST, SOUTH, WEST U.S. +1-267-225-0560 Fax: +1-215-822-4057, www.chemgrout.com 708.354.7112 [email protected] DARREN DUNAY CANADA +1-201-781-6133 Cell: +1-201-873-0891 [email protected] EBERHARD G. HEUSER EUROPE +49 202 2838128 Fax: +49 202 2838126 [email protected] PATRICK CONNOLLY UNITED KINGDOM +44 1702-477341 Fax: +44 1702-177559 [email protected] KEN GOERING INTERNATIONAL SALES +1-303-948-4243 Fax: +1-303-973-3845 [email protected]
Business Office SME - 12999 E. Adam Aircraft Cir., Englewood, CO 80112 USA +1-800-763-3132 • Advertising: x243 Direct: +1-303-948-4243 Fax: +1-303-973-3845 www.smenet.org Come Up For Air! EDITOR Steve Kral [email protected]
Be sure your buyers SENIOR EDITOR Bill Gleason can find you [email protected]
PRESS RELEASES Advertise in Steve Kral [email protected]
ADVERTISING AND T&UC! PRODUCTION/ MEDIA MANAGER Ken Goering [email protected] [email protected] 303-948-4243
T&UC® SEPTEMBER 2016 47 ADVERTISERCLASSIFIEDS INDEX
ADVERTISER INDEX • SEPTEMBER 2016
ABC Industries...... 28 Putzmeister Shotcrete Technology...... 17 Agru America...... 33 Schauenburg Flexadux Corp...... 23 Alpine Equipment...... 4 Schnabel Engineering...... 20 Atlas Copco Construction & Mining USA LLC...... 31 Simpson Strong-Tie...... 13 Bradshaw Construction Corp...... 29 Surecrete Inc...... 37 Brokk Inc...... 41 Tensar International Corp...... 18 Brookville Equipment Corp...... 40 The Robbins Company...... 15 CDM Smith...... 6 Daigh Co Inc...... 21 David R. Klug & Associates Inc...... 27 Dr. Mole Inc...... 21 Dr. Sauer & Partners Corp...... 39 DSI Tunneling LLC...... 5 FKC-Lake Shore...... 11 Gall Zeidler Consultants...... 30 Geokon ...... 8 Hayward Baker ...... Outside Back Cover Heintzmann Corp...... 22 HIC Fibers...... 25 ILF Consultants Inc...... 26 Jennmar Corporation...... 3 Kelley Engineered Equipment LLC...... 35 Kiewit Infrastructure Co...... 9 Malcolm Drilling Co Inc...... 7 McMillen Jacobs & Associates...... 22 Mining Equipment Ltd...... 10 Moretrench...... 19 Mott MacDonald...... 14 Naylor Pipe Company...... 16 Northwest Laborers-Employers Training Trust Fund...... 32 Parsons...... 12
ADVERTISING SALES OFFICES
HOOPER JONES SHERRI ANTONACCI PATRICK CONNOLLY CENTRAL, NW U.S. EAST, SOUTH, WEST U.S. UNITED KINGDOM +1-847-486 -1021 +1-267-225-0560 +44 1702-477341 Cell: +1-847-903-1853 Fax: +1-215-822-4057, Fax: +44 1702-177559 Fax: +1-847-486-1025 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] DARREN DUNAY KEN GOERING MARSHA TABB CANADA INTERNATIONAL SALES EAST, SOUTH, WEST U.S. +1-201-781-6133 +1-303-948-4243 +1-215-794-3442 Cell: +1-201-873-0891 Fax: +1-303-973-3845 Fax: +1-215-794-2247 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] EBERHARD G. HEUSER EUROPE +49 202 2838128 Fax: +49 202 2838126 [email protected]
48 SEPTEMBER 2016 T&UC® 2017 GEORGE A. FOX CONFERENCE Planning, Design & Construction of Major Underground Programs Tuesday, January 24, 2017 The Graduate Center of CUNY 365 Fifth Avenue at West 34th Street, New York, NY Join us at City University in New York City as industry experts present new innovative ideas in the design and construction of present day underground structures and tunnels. Get the most current information on the: East Coast Transit and Water Programs of New York and New Jersey West Coast Transit Programs in LA and Seattle Canadian Transit Program in Toronto
Register today at www.smemeetings.com/georgefox2017
www.smenet.org
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