Economic Analysis and Information Modeling of Smart Multi-Purpose Utility Tunnels and Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Zaalteksten En.Indd
ground in the city Under g aller EnPlease drop me in the box as you leave y texts Down the rabbit hole 1 We experience what is happening above ground on a daily basis, but what lies underneath the earth’s surface is usually hidden from view. And because that world is largely terra incognita for us, what happens there is shrouded in mystery. Stories about tunnels used to access and rob banks or as secret escape routes capture our imagination. By their very nature, illegal resistance movements operate ‘underground’, shunning the spotlight. The underground scene of artistic subcultures also prefers to avoid the glare of public attention. Besides arousing our curiosity, the unknown frightens us. The devil and other monstrous creatures are said to be lurking deep under the ground. Sewage workers would be well advised to offer up a quick prayer before removing a manhole cover. On the other hand, it is to the earth that we entrust our most cherished treasures. Venture down below and a wondrous world will open up to you! 1.1 Hepworth Manufacturing Company, The deep and Alice in Wonderland, 1903 mysterious underground It is very difficult to fathom what 1.2 Walt Disney Productions, is actually happening inside the earth Alice in Wonderland, 1951 and for a long time this was a matter of guesswork. Even now the deepest 1.3 In 1877 Thomas Wallace Knox, an Ameri- drilling operations into the earth’s can journalist and author of adventure crust are mere pinpricks. stories, wrote a weighty tome entitled The German priest and scholar Athana- The Underground World: a mirror of life sius Kircher tried to explain a number below the surface, with vivid descrip- of phenomena in the influential book tions of the hidden works of nature and he wrote in 1664: Mundus subterraneus, art, comprising incidents and adven- quo universae denique naturae tures beyond the light of day… divitiae. -
Geomorphology of Thermo-Erosion Gullies – Case Study from Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada
Geomorphology of thermo-erosion gullies – case study from Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada Godin Etienne & Fortier Daniel Département de Géographie – Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Center for Northern Studies, (CEN) – Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada ABSTRACT In the valley of glacier C-79 on Bylot Island, snowmelt water runoff is creating thermo-erosion of permafrost wetlands. This process contributes to the rapid formation of gullies in ice-wedge polygons. One gully had been observed since 1999 and had a growth of 748 m since then. The geomorphology of this gully is characterized by an active thermo- erosion zone near the gully head, a poorly-active zone near the outlet and a moderately active zone in-between. Feedback mechanisms contribute to the erosion processes governing the development of the gully, accelerating erosion at its head and stabilizing it at its outlet. Erosion features such as sinkholes, collapses and baydjarakhs were consequently observed in the gully. Thermo-erosion processes have remained active and have had an impact on the ecosystem for more than a decade. RÉSUMÉ La thermo-érosion induite par la fonte du couvert nival cause la dégradation du pergélisol dans la vallée glaciaire C-79 sur l’Ile Bylot. Ce processus contribue à la formation rapide de réseaux de ravinement dans les polygones à coin de glace. L'observation d'un ravin depuis sa formation en 1999 et de son évolution jusqu’à 748 m en 2009, révèle trois types de zones d’érosion caractérisant sa géomorphologie : une zone de thermo-érosion très active en amont, une zone intermédiaire, et une zone faiblement active à proximité de l’exutoire. -
Tunnel from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia This Article Is About Underground Passages
Tunnel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about underground passages. For other uses, see Tunnel (disambiguation). "Underpass" redirects here. For the John Foxx song, see Underpass (song). Entrance to a road tunnel inGuanajuato, Mexico. Utility tunnel for heating pipes between Rigshospitalet and Amagerværket in Copenhagen,Denmark Tunnel on the Taipei Metro inTaiwan Southern portal of the 421 m long (1,381 ft) Chirk canal tunnel A tunnel is an underground or underwater passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods. A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. The central portions of a rapid transit network are usually in tunnel. Some tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations or are sewers. Utility tunnels are used for routing steam, chilled water, electrical power or telecommunication cables, as well as connecting buildings for convenient passage of people and equipment. Secret tunnels are built for military purposes, or by civilians for smuggling of weapons, contraband, or people. Special tunnels, such aswildlife crossings, are built to allow wildlife to cross human-made barriers safely. Contents [hide] 1 Terminology 2 History o 2.1 Clay-kicking 3 Geotechnical investigation and design o 3.1 Choice of tunnels vs. -
Egypt and Israel: Tunnel Neutralization Efforts in Gaza
WL KNO EDGE NCE ISM SA ER IS E A TE N K N O K C E N N T N I S E S J E N A 3 V H A A N H Z И O E P W O I T E D N E Z I A M I C O N O C C I O T N S H O E L C A I N M Z E N O T Egypt and Israel: Tunnel Neutralization Efforts in Gaza LUCAS WINTER Open Source, Foreign Perspective, Underconsidered/Understudied Topics The Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is an open source research organization of the U.S. Army. It was founded in 1986 as an innovative program that brought together military specialists and civilian academics to focus on military and security topics derived from unclassified, foreign media. Today FMSO maintains this research tradition of special insight and highly collaborative work by conducting unclassified research on foreign perspectives of defense and security issues that are understudied or unconsidered. Author Background Mr. Winter is a Middle East analyst for the Foreign Military Studies Office. He holds a master’s degree in international relations from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and was an Arabic Language Flagship Fellow in Damascus, Syria, in 2006–2007. Previous Publication This paper was originally published in the September-December 2017 issue of Engineer: the Professional Bulletin for Army Engineers. It is being posted on the Foreign Military Studies Office website with permission from the publisher. FMSO has provided some editing, format, and graphics to this paper to conform to organizational standards. -
Congestion Relief Toll Tunnels
Policy Study No. 164 July 1993 CONGESTION RELIEF TOLL TUNNELS by Robert W. Poole, Jr. and Yuzo Sugimoto EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Changing urban land-use patterns have reduced the importance of traditional downtowns as the origin and destination of numerous vehicular trips. Much traffic on downtown-area freeways seeks merely to get past downtown, thereby worsening the level of congestion for those seeking access to downtown. A number of European cities have begun to develop a new type of transportation facility: congestion-relief toll tunnels in downtown areas. These projects appear to be economically feasible largely or entirely from premium-price tolls paid by users. Hence, they are being developed by private consortia, operating under long-term franchises from government. Other keys to the feasibility of such projects are peak/off-peak pricing structures (congestion pricing), nonstop electronic toll collection, and restriction of use to auto-size vehicles only (to reduce tunnel dimensions and therefore capital investment). Preliminary analysis indicates that congestion-relief bypass tunnels for downtown Los Angeles and San Francisco would be economically feasible as private business ventures, if developed along European lines. Similar approaches might be applied to other controversial freeway projects in both cities, and to restructuring Boston's huge and controversial Central Artery/Tunnel project. Congress has already authorized public-private partnerships of this type, permitting private capital and private owner/operation to be used, both for new projects and to rebuild existing highway, bridge, and tunnel facilities. Six states and Puerto Rico have enacted private-tollway legislation under which such projects could be developed and operated. -
Numerical Study on the Longitudinal Response Characteristics of Utility Tunnel Under Strong Earthquake: a Case Study
Hindawi Advances in Civil Engineering Volume 2020, Article ID 8813303, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813303 Research Article Numerical Study on the Longitudinal Response Characteristics of Utility Tunnel under Strong Earthquake: A Case Study Guoyi Tang,1 Yumei Fang,1 Yi Zhong,2 Jie Yuan ,3 Bin Ruan,2 Yi Fang,3 and Qi Wu4 1 e 1st Geological Brigade of Jiangsu Geology and Mineral Exploration Bureau, Nanjing 210009, China 2School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 3Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100085, China 4Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jie Yuan; [email protected] Received 24 May 2020; Revised 23 July 2020; Accepted 31 July 2020; Published 20 August 2020 Academic Editor: Peixin Shi Copyright © 2020 Guoyi Tang et al. +is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In this paper, the longitudinal seismic response characteristics of utility tunnel subjected to strong earthquake was investigated based on a practical utility tunnel project and numerical method. Firstly, the generalized response displacement method (GRDM) that was used to conduct this study was reviewed briefly. Secondly, the information of the referenced engineering and the finite element model was introduced in detail, where a novel method to model the joints between utility tunnel segments was presented. +irdly, a series of seismic response of the utility tunnel were provided, including inner force and intersegment opening width. -
The Influence of Geology on Battlefield Terrain and It's Affects on Military Operations in Mountains and Karst Regions: Examp
Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik Vol. 19 str. 57 - 66 Zagreb, 2007. UDC 341.31:550.9 Original scientific paper UDK 341.31:550.9 Originalni znanstveni rad Language/Jezik:English/Engleski THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY ON BATTLEFIELD TERRAIN AND IT’S AFFECTS ON MILITARY OPERATIONS IN MOUNTAINS AND KARST REGIONS: EXAMPLES FROM WW1 AND AFGHANISTAN UTJECAJ GEOLOGIJE BOJNOG POLJA NA VOJNE OPERACIJE U PLANINSKOM I KRŠKOM PODRUČJU: PRIMJERI IZ PRVOG SVJETSKOG RATA I IZ AFGANISTANA MARKO ZEČEVIĆ1, ENIO JUNGWIRTH2 1 Ministry of Defence, Material Resources Directorate, Bauerova 31, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail:[email protected] 2 Ministry of Defence, Institute for Researches and Development of Defense Systems, Ilica 256 b, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail:[email protected] Key words: Military geology, “geological intelligence”, mountain Ključne riječi: Vojna geologija, “geološko izvješćivanje”, ratovanje u warfare, karst regions, terrain analysis planinama, krška područja, analiza terena Abstract Sažetak During the World War I conflict between the Austrian and Italian Tijekom 1. svjetskog rata u sukobu između talijanske i austro-ugar- army, Austrian engineer units constructed hallways in the karst region of ske vojske na rijeci Soči, austrijske su inženjerijske postrojbe izgradile Soča river. Those hallways, karst phenomena (caverns, caves) and other tunele u kršu. Takvi umjetni objekti (tuneli) i prirodni krški fenomeni fortifications, gave the Austrian army a tactical advantage. The construc- (kaverne, prirodne spilje), kao i druge fortifikacije omogućile su austro- tion principle of caverns is the consequence of the geological structure ugarskoj vojsci prednost u taktičkom smislu. Princip izgradnje tunela of the terrain. We are watching another military conflict in Afghanistan. -
Exploring the War Underground Aims
World War One Centenary : Continuations and Beginnings (University of Oxford / JISC) Exploring the War Underground by Chris Stephens 2012-10-29 15:44:57 Life on the Western Front front was lived underground, either in trenches or dugouts, or even deeper beneath the surface in caves, souterraines ' medieval underground quarries - or complex tunnel systems, designed to defend the frontlines from subterranean attack and then take the fight to the enemy in a deadly, troglodyte game of cat and mouse. The battlefields of Europe and beyond were underpinned by this subterranean world, for it was an essential part of the bloody business of trench warfare and the attritional nature of a conflict, where technology and industrial might had far outpaced long-outdated notions of strategy and tactics. (Matt Leonard) It is difficult to comprehend what the underground world of the Western Front would have been like, and very difficult to reconstruct today. For the 2012 television adaption of Sebastian Falks novel Birdsong, producers attempted to build an accurate replica of part of the vast network of tunnels, believed to be the first undertaking of this kind. However for those studying Birdsong or conflict archaeology this simulation provides an alternative immersive experience to explore the conflict landscapes and material culture of the First World War. The simulation takes you on a journey through an underground tunnel network, as you descend underground though a mine shaft and explore the tunnels you can listen to Matt Leonard, conflict archeologist, explain how men survived in this environment. Within the simulation are contemporary photographs and film footage from the Durand Group, a world-authority on subterranean warfare during the First World War. -
Funds for Disabled Students Misused
- PAR N DAILY 9; Nu 64 Published for San lose State University since 1934 Wednesday, December 4, 1991 Funds for disabled students misused By Nicholas D. Smith campuses) allocated," said Kurt needed services, according to Sjoberg. Schutter said that it can take two There are 770 disabled students in Sjoberg said he had visited four of Daily staff svnter Sjoberg, acting state auditor general. Upon hearing about the review, months or longer to get disability test- the department currently, Schutter the 20 CSU campuses to determine the The use of the money by the cam- CSU officials said that CSU would ing at SJSU. said. Last year there were 689, and extent of the needs. More than half a million dollars puses was found to be inappropriate follow the review's recommended At another campus, despite a direc- 526 two years ago. "There were unmet needs at all the destined for California State because the needs of the CSU's 8,000 action to initiate a better monitoring tive from the CSU not to cut funding, The number of people who read for locations we visited," he said. Sjoberg University disabled student services disabled students were not satisfied system, according Boyd Home, CSU the budget for disabled students was disabled students has been cut to a did not visit SJSU. was spent inappropriately on other before using the money on other assistant vice chancellor of manage- reduced by S50,000. minimum, Tamer said. He also said he While federal and state law states items, according to a government audit things. -
Seismic Response Characteristics of Shallow-Buried Utility Tunnel Systems 1,2 3 2 4 2 A.P
th The 14 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China SEISMIC RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHALLOW-BURIED UTILITY TUNNEL SYSTEMS 1,2 3 2 4 2 A.P. Tang , R.C.Feng , X.Y. Zhou , L.F.Wang and W.M.Yan 1 Professor, School. of Civil Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China 2 Professor, College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, China 3 Assistant Engineering, China Communication Group Bridge Technology (CCGBT), Beijing, China 4 PHD student, School. of Civil Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin. China Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT : Utility tunnel(UT) is an integration system containing many sub-lifeline systems like water transmitting, power, telecommunication, gas-supply system, etc, so, UT is key factor to sustain the healthy development of society and economy. To improve its anti-seismic capacity, the paper studies the performance characteristics of utility tunnel system under seismic loads based on a shaking-table experiment. Herein, two models of two-span UT with rectangular section are set up, one is used to simulate the main utility tunnel, and the other is for branch utility tunnel. Three kinds of pipeline are installed in UT to model the water-supply system, cable and power-line system respectively. This research is used to identify and explore seismic performance of utility tunnel body and its inner pipeline. Anti-seismic performance of pipeline abutment and joints based on passive control device is also experimented to check their capacity of resisting earthquake damage. The experiment is done on the 3m X 3 m shaking-table; three selected seismic records are input. -
Utility Tunnels – Proven Sustainability Above and Below Ground Axel Laistner, Hermann Laistner (Dipl.-Ing
Utility Tunnels – Proven Sustainability Above and Below Ground Axel Laistner, Hermann Laistner (Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. Axel Laistner, axel laistner consulting UG(hb), Rosenstr. 6 – 73466 Lauchheim, [email protected]) (Dipl.-Ing(FH) Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Hermann Laistner, Hardtsteige 29 – 73466 Lauchheim) 1 ABSTRACT Utility tunnels have been elements of urban supply systems for almost two centuries now. However, their use and implementation is still less determined by urban planning and urban needs – and more by the qualities, preconceptions and determination of the urban managers in question. During the 1990s in the course of the German reunification process the fluidity of the urban management situation created opportunities for new approaches to this old technology. In conjunction with landmark urban development projects on the path to urben sustainability, utility tunnels were used as one of the many instruments and approaches to achieve sustainable developments. Now – almost 20 years later we can look at these developments and the utility tunnels and have a first discussion on their sustainability success. At present a new relevance developes in regard of this technology. The current urban development schemes in China, India and many other places of the world are of such scale, that questions of doing it right while doing it timely are of prime significance. At the same time, we are facing a situation, in which – within the coming 40 years – the whole energy supply and distribution system of the world – including China and India – will need to be 100% restructured and reworked. We need a whole new quality of system flexibility and reaction capacity in urban engineering to achieve the path to urban sustainability. -
State Highway 5 Tumunui Tomo - a Case of Road Resilience to Piping in the Rotorua-Taupo Area Proc
Martins, P. & Van Toan, D. (2017) State Highway 5 Tumunui tomo - a case of road resilience to piping in the Rotorua-Taupo area Proc. 20th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Eds. GJ Alexander & CY Chin, Napier State Highway 5 Tumunui tomo - a case of road resilience to piping in the Rotorua-Taupo area P Martins Beca Ltd, Tauranga, NZ [email protected] (Corresponding author) D Van Toan Beca Ltd, Auckland, NZ [email protected] Keywords: piping erosion, tomo, road resilience, Rotorua-Taupo ABSTRACT On 23 June 2016, following a heavy rain event, a section of SH5 at the locality of Tumunui, about 18km south of Rotorua, was closed due to flooding. When the water recessed a little, significant damage to the road and adjacent properties was revealed. The New Zealand Transport Agency - Bay of Plenty East Network Outcomes Contract (BoPE NOC) is the road asset management contract covering the damaged section of SH5. Due to the immediate risk to road users arising from the event, the geotechnical incident response procedure of the BoPE NOC was triggered. Based on the geotechnical investigation undertaken it was concluded that the damage sustained by SH5 at Tumunui was due to reactivation of a naturally occurring internal erosion process that had been developing across the area since at least the 1970’s. The process is intrinsically associated with the geomorphic context of the site and the underlying geology. Following the event, a risk assessment was undertaken and concluded that with management controls in place it was possible to keep the road partially open to traffic.