Ricardo Ribeiro

Be free. Have an opinion.

FOUNDATION MEETING

The annual Meetings of the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation celebrate multidisciplinary debate and knowledge sharing. This promotion of free and informed discussion reflects the Foundation’s mission to contribute to a more informal society, strengthening citizens’ civic rights and the quality of institutions and public policies.

This year, on 14, 15 and 16 September, the Tropical Botanical Garden in Belém will be the stage for another Foundation Meeting, this time dedicated to work, a polarising theme that gets everybody thinking.

From the impact of technology to the impact of demography, the future of work is one of the most highly debated topics today.

To what extent does labour, as we know it today, have an expiry date? What are the main social, economic and cultural transformations that are changing the world of work? How to guarantee that there is a transfer of experience and intergenerational knowledge in the market? And what are the implications of the uberization of work?

It has long been claimed that, although technological changes would eliminate some jobs, new jobs would be created to replace them in new areas. But today we are not quite as convinced. And the way technology will continue to transform our society and work depends on decisions that our leaders take today.

In this context, and because Work is food for thought, the Foundation has brought together several of the greatest national and international specialists in a number of areas.

FOR THREE DAYS IN LISBON, Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia, will be THERE WILL BE MUSIC, joined by some of the most acclaimed international THEATRE, DOCUMENTARIES, economists: David Autor, Juan Dolado, Jean DEBATES AND WORKSHOPS, Pisani-Ferry, Martha Bailey and Sérgio Rebelo. AT A MEETING THAT WILL BE Major specialists in artificial intelligence will also DIFFERENT. be present: Arlindo Oliveira, Luís Moniz Pereira and Norberto Pires; the biologist and physiologist JOIN US AND WELCOME Jared Diamond and renowned names from the arts, TO THE DEBATE! including Ana Padrão, Leonel Moura and Pedro Gadanho.

2 ORGANISATION

SCIENTIFIC COORDINATION OF THE MEETING: Pedro Portugal

Degree in Economics from Porto University and PhD from the University of South Carolina, Consultant Researcher at Banco de Portugal and Guest Chair Professor at Nova School of Business and Economics. His main areas of study are the economics of employment and applied microeconometrics.

He has published articles in the main economics and labour economics journals, including: American Economic Review, Journal of Labor Economics, Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of the European Economic Association, and many others.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MEETING: Clara Valadas-Preto; David Lopes (Chairman); Joana Batista; Maria Ferreira; Marta Lopes; Richard Freuis and Rui Pimentel

3 WORK SPACE

4 MAP | TROPICAL BOTANICAL GARDEN, BELÉM SUMMER SCHOOL/ SPEAKERS DINNER / PRESS CONF.

SFMS ROOM / DRESSING ROOMS JOURNALISTS 100m INTERVIEW ZONE RING E T A C 50m MAIN STAGE 0m FFMS SHOP AVENUE FRUIT OF WORK OF WORK BUDDHA’S STAGE ENTRANCE STUDIO STAGE ACCREDITATION

5 PLACE Tropical Botanical Garden The Tropical Botanical Garden is situated in Lisbon, in the monumental area of Belem, close to the Jeronimos Monastery. With a plant heritage focusing on tropical flora, the garden is classified as a National Monument.

Since 2015, the Tropical Botanical Garden has been part of Lisbon University and it is currently run together with the Natural History and Science Museum and the Lisbon Botanical Garden, which conduct scientific, educational, cultural and leisure activities, in connection with the conservation and appreciation of our heritage and with the dissemination of scientific culture. Tropical science, the memory of the Voyages of Discovery and the role of science and technology in the Portuguese expansion and colonisation coexist at this historic location, with a “strong didactic vocation”, intended to be a “centre for the study and experimentation of cultures”.

ADDRESS:

Largo dos Jerónimos, 1400-209 Lisboa

HOW TO GET THERE: 714, 727, 728, 729 15 and 18 Cais do Sodré-Cascais line (Belem station)

6 TICKETS

Tickets necessary to access the conference are on sale at: ffms.pt/trabalho

The tickets include dinner on Saturday and snacks over the three days.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: +351 916 671 215 | [email protected]

FOLLOW THE MEETING AT: www.facebook.com/ffms.pt www.twitter.com/ffmspt

NORMAL STUDENT

ONE DAY ONE DAY 20€ 5€

3-DAY PASS 3-DAY PASS 30€ 10€

7 WORK PLANE

8 9 MEETING THEME Work is food for thought

The spectre of automation hovers over humanity. In through the replacement of human employment by its dystopian projection, jobs will be taken over by machines. robots and intelligent systems that will make human work dispensable. In its utopian interpretation, Are workers being replaced by robots in the same a new society of abundance will become possible way that horses were replaced by tractors? through the exponential increase in productivity which will only raise the problem of distribution of The speed at which technological changes have the considerable income generated by technological occurred appear to justify a certain anxiety about the progress. future of work. After all, it is estimated that the cost of executing computer tasks has fallen by trillions Will humanity be condemned to suffer, on a large since the time of manual calculations. In turn, scale, the anguish of those textiles workers from the stock of robots has quadrupled over a decade the Luddite movement who, protesting against the and a half in the United States and in Western automation of looms in the early 19th century, got Europe and it is admitted that approximately 50 per together to destroy the machines? cent of workers may find their jobs threatened by automation over the next two decades. Highly influential economists have offered pessimistic prophecies about the future of work. What jobs are at risk of languishing or disappearing? In 1930, Keynes correctly envisaged that the How many jobs will be eliminated? How will salaries introduction of new technologies would lead to a react? What influence will automation have on the sustained increase in productivity and per capita distribution of income? How to correct inequalities? income, throughout the twentieth century. This Should robots be taxed? How to counter perception, however, led him to incorrectly predict discrimination in the labour market? the generalisation of technological unemployment,

10 14 15 16 FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY

KNOWLEDGE THE RACE BETWEEN THE MEANING AND COLLECTIVE MEN AND MACHINES OF WORK INTELLIGENCE 14h00 | CLOCKING IN //////// 14h00 | CLOCKING IN

DO I CREATE WORK? //////// AVENUE OF WORK 20h30 | CLOCKING IN AVENUE OF WORK AVENUE OF WORK 17h00 | ART: THE LAST 17h05 | THE IMPACT //////// REFUGE OF HUMANISM? //////// OF WORK AUTOMATION //////// MAIN STAGE MAIN STAGE 14h30 | DOCUMENTARY Ana Padrão 14h30 | NEW PROMISES Sérgio Rebelo CAN WE TRANSFORM WORK? 21h30 | START OF THE SESSIONS MAIN STAGE Leonel Moura FOR NEW GENERATIONS MAIN STAGE Os Dias Contados Pedro Gadanho MAIN STAGE //////// Jaime Gama Moderator: José Alberto Carvalho Martha Bailey //////// 18h00 | THE WORLD //////// //////// //////// UNTIL YESTERDAY 15h20 | THE WELFARE MAIN STAGE 19h00 | 15h25 | ONE LIFE, 21h55 | KNOWLEDGE STATE IN THE AGE OF UBER *THEATRE Jared Diamond STUDIO STAGE SEVERAL CAREERS? AND COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE MAIN STAGE Jean Pisani-Ferry 112 - Dinner’s almost ready MAIN STAGE //////// MAIN STAGE Bruno Mota Jimmy Wales Juan José Dolado Luis Garicano 19h00 | DINNER Mafalda Rebordão 19h00 | END OF Moderator: Pedro Magalhães FRUIT OF WORK Marta Maia //////// HOW WILL WORK BE EXPERIENCED TOMORROW? THE SESSIONS Street Food Moderator: António Costa MAIN STAGE PROGRAMME 23h00 | QUICK WORK //////// Alexandre Soares dos Santos //////// MAIN STAGE //////// 17h00 | GROUP WORK //////// Toil 20h00 | BUDDHA STAGE DOCUMENTARY 15h25 | A CODE Ricardo Ribeiro, João Paulo Esteves Silva MAIN STAGE Carlos Fiolhais OF CONDUCT 19h20 | HARD TASK Bernardo Saldanha, José Manuel Neto Carlos Tê Fora da Vida MAIN STAGE e Nazaré Esteves Silva FOR ROBOTS? David Dinis STUDIO STAGE The Whoop Group Djaimilia Pereira de Almeida //////// //////// Arlindo Oliveira Gonçalo M. Tavares 20h50 | THE RACE BETWEEN Luís Moniz Pereira 24h00 | SHIFT WORK João Falcato MEN AND MACHINES Norberto Pires Moderator: Paulo Bastos (TVI) MAIN STAGE Johnson Semedo MAIN STAGE Governo Sombra Jorge Braga de Macedo In-Q José Pedro Cobra David Autor Maria Manuel Mota Mariana Canto e Castro //////// Miguel Araújo 22h50 | WORKING RHYTHMS Miguel Santo Amaro MAIN STAGE Nuno Artur Silva Cabo dos Trabalhos Ricardo Ribeiro Ana Moura, Frankie Chavez, Rita Nabeiro Paulo de Carvalho Zita Martins and Tiago Bettencourt

*Dinner will be served at the end of the play. Only 60 places are available and they will be filled by order or arrival.

11 14 15 16 FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY

KNOWLEDGE THE RACE BETWEEN THE MEANING AND COLLECTIVE MEN AND MACHINES OF WORK INTELLIGENCE 14h00 | CLOCKING IN //////// 14h00 | CLOCKING IN

*Dinner will be served at the end of the play. Only 60 places are available and they will be filled by order or arrival.

12 KNOWLEDGE AND COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE FRIDAY - 14 SET.

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20H30 | CLOCKING IN AVENUE OF WORK

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21H30 | START OF THE SESSIONS MAIN STAGE Jaime Gama

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21H55 | KNOWLEDGE AND COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE MAIN STAGE Jimmy Wales

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23H00 | QUICK WORK MAIN STAGE Toil Ricardo Ribeiro, João Paulo Esteves Silva Bernardo Saldanha, José Manuel Neto e Nazaré Esteves Silva

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24H00 | SHIFT WORK MAIN STAGE Governo Sombra

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OPENING MAIN STAGE

JAIME GAMA Chairman of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee of the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation.

With a Degree in Philosophy from the University European Council on Foreign Relations and the of Lisbon, he held ministerial posts in several Aspen Ministers Forum. He is Senior Strategic Governments (Internal Administration, National Counsel for the Albright Stonebridge Group. He is Defence and Foreign Affairs). He was a Member of also Chairman of the Board of Directors of Novo Parliament from 1975 to 2011 and President of the Banco dos Açores and Chairman of the General Assembly of the Republic for several years, thus and Supervisory Council of the digital newspaper becoming a member of the Council of State. Observador.

He is currently on the General Council of Lisbon He is Chancellor of the organisation of former University, the Strategic Board of the Institute Portuguese military orders (Antigas Ordens of Political Studies of the Catholic University Militares) and has numerous Portuguese and of Portugal, the General Council of the Military foreign decorations, including an honoris causa University Institute, the Board of Governors of degree from the University of Azores, the archipelago the Centre for Strategic Studies of the Navy, the where he was born.

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KNOWLEDGE AND COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE MAIN STAGE

In his book A Choice of Catastrophes: The Disasters that Threaten the World (1979), Isaac Asimov anti- cipated, with remarkable foresight, a fantastic world of crowdsourcing of information, knowledge and thought:

“There will be a tendency to centralize information so that a request for particular items can tap the resources of all the libraries of a region, or of a nation, and, eventually, of the world. There will be the equivalent of a Global Computerized Library in which the total available knowledge of humanity will be stored and from which any item of that total can be retrieved on demand.”

“Surely, more and more people would take this easy and natural way of satisfying curiosity and the desire to know. And each person, as he is educated in his own JIMMY WALES, As well as a visionary and pioneer interests, could then begin to make contributions of his of “wikis” (web pages which any person can contribu- or her own. The person who had a new thought or ob- te to and change), Jimmy Wales is best known as the servation of any kind in any field could report it, and if founder of Wikipedia, an international encyclopaedia it did not duplicate something already in the library, it of free web content, and of the Wikimedia Foundation. could be held for confirmation and, possibly, be added, He is also a founder of the WikiTribune, a revolutionary eventually, to the common store. Each person would news platform without advertising that produces fact- be a teacher as well as a learner.” -based journalism, and a co-founder of Wikia, a free private web hosting service that he created in 2004. In 2001, more than 20 years after Asimov’s “vision”, Wikipedia was inaugurated, the fifth most visited His work with Wikipedia, which has become the lar- website on the Internet. gest encyclopaedia in the world, led to his nomination by Time as one of the “100 Most Influential People” in 2006, in the category of “Scientists and Thinkers”.

15 FRIDAY | 14.09.18 1 Junho Sexta ‑feira . 19h00 SPECIALPrograma ao vivo SESSION: GOVERNOGoverno Sombra SOMBRA MAIN STAGE

The Governo Sombra (Shadow Government) – a TV talkRicardo show Araújo where Pereira, the Pedro news Mexia of e Joãothe Miguelweek Tavares, are discussed com moderação withde Carlos humour Vaz Marques. – will meet again at the Foundation Meeting.O irremodelável Governo Sombra volta a reunir-se na Praça da Fundação, na Feira do Livro de Lisboa, para ler a actualidade, ao vivo, com acutilância Carlos Vaz Marques (journalist and editor) will e sentido de humor. moderate, as always, the provocation of the “ministers” João Miguel Tavares (writer, journalist and chronicler), Pedro Mexia (writer, literary critic and chronicler) and Ricardo Araújo Pereira (writer and humourist). A small, effective and very free government seeking to meet the promises that it constantly makes to its “voters”: reading current affairs, live, with perspicacity10 and a great sense of humour.

16 THE RACE BETWEEN MEN AND MACHINES SATURDAY - 15 SET.

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14H00 | CLOCKING IN 19H00 | THEATRE AVENUE OF WORK STUDIO STAGE 112 - Dinner’s almost ready //////// 19H00 | DINNER 14H30 | DOCUMENTARY FRUIT OF WORK MAIN STAGE Street Food Os Dias Contados //////// //////// 20H00 | DOCUMENTARY 15H20 | THE WELFARE MAIN STAGE STATE IN THE AGE OF UBER Fora da Vida MAIN STAGE Jean Pisani-Ferry //////// Juan José Dolado Luis Garicano 20H50 | THE RACE BETWEEN Moderator: Pedro Magalhães MEN AND MACHINES MAIN STAGE //////// In-Q David Autor 17H00 | GROUP WORK BUDDHA STAGE //////// Carlos Fiolhais / Carlos Tê / David Dinis Djaimilia Pereira de Almeida / Gonçalo M. Tavares 22H50 | WORKING RHYTHMS João Falcato / Johnson Semedo / Jorge Braga de Macedo MAIN STAGE José Pedro Cobra / Maria Manuel / Mota Mariana Canto e Castro Cabo dos Trabalhos Miguel Araújo / Miguel Santo Amaro / Nuno Artur Silva / Ana Moura, Frankie Chavez, Ricardo Ribeiro / Rita Nabeiro / Zita Martins Paulo de Carvalho e Tiago Bettencourt

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17H00 | ART: THE LAST REFUGE OF HUMANISM? MAIN STAGE Ana Padrão Leonel Moura Pedro Gadanho Moderator: José Alberto Carvalho SATURDAY | 15.09.18

DOCUMENTARY: OS DIAS CONTADOS MAIN STAGE

Most Portuguese were born in an organised society based on stable professional lives. In recent years, however, we have realised that this assumption is changing. A still indeterminate number of professions that we currently know will no longer have any reason to exist. Others will appear, undoubtedly, but “employment for life” is increasingly a mirage.

Os Dias Contados (Numbered Days) is a film that documents unique moments of this historic transition. Changes caused by the new technological revolution hover over the development of the action. These are directly manifested in the lives of the characters and those closest to them, or only announced in a way that can barely be perceived. As in most people’s lives, uncertainties may arise among the younger generation, in the unemployment among the older population or, as a backdrop, through everyday media news.

A film by Ana Sofia Fonseca.

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THE WELFARE STATE IN THE AGE OF UBER MAIN STAGE

The emergence of new ways of organising work, whether the digital economy, the network economy or the sharing economy, contributes to a growing dematerialisation of production, of industrial relations and even of work places.

Nick Saval’s book, Cubed, presents the history of work spaces, from offices in 19th-century factories to electric sockets located anywhere, in an activity in which the frontier between work and leisure is fluid. However, the black side of dematerialisation of jobs is that when our office is the cloud, work pursues us everywhere.

“The arrangement that began in the nineteenth-century factory and lived on through the twentieth-century office may end soon; if so, the two-century-long separation of home and work will turn out to have been a historical anomaly. Work will no longer be a place, and home no longer an escape” (Lepore, New Yorker, 2014).

In a world in which employment contracts disappear, and with them the institutions that protect workers, it is necessary to redesign social welfare mechanisms. Fortunately, with complete and accessible information, it is possible to consider programmes tailored to each individual, programmes that they can freely manage throughout their lives and that guarantee appropriate patterns of social justice.

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JEAN PISANI-FERRY, professor of Economics LUIS GARICANO teaches Economics and at Sciences Po in Paris and at Hertie School of Gover- Strategy at the London School of Economics nance in Berlin, holds the Tommaso Padoa Schioppa and Political Science and conducts research in chair at the European University Institute in Florence areas including the impact of technology and and is a Mercator Senior Fellow at Bruegel, the economic management practices on aggregate economic think tank based in Brussels. His publications include variables such as salary distribution, productivity or numerous books and articles on economic policy and economic growth. Another line of research concerns European politics. He was director of the programme the prevention of a new economic crisis in the euro and ideas for Emmanuel Macron’s presidential area. In this respect, with the “Euronomics” group campaign (2017) and general commissioner of the of economists, he has proposed solutions such as France Strategy (2013-16), the Government’s laboratory European Safe Bonds – Esbies, which are being of ideas. In 2005 he founded Bruegel, a think tank that officially considered by the European Central Bank he directed until 2013. and the European Commission.

JUAN J. DOLADO, professor of Economics at the European University Institute, senior researcher MODERATOR at the Centre for Economic Policy Research and the PEDRO MAGALHÃES, PhD in Political Science Institute of Labour Economics (IZA), a member of from Ohio State University, principal researcher at the European Economic Association and honorary the Institute of Social Science at Lisbon University member of the Spanish Economic Association, and specialist in the study of public opinion which he chaired in 2001. His main study areas and electoral behaviour. With dozens of articles are econometric theory, the economy of work published in national and international journals macroeconomics and applied, on which he has academic, he has also written books and chapters published ten books and around 70 articles. Between for publishers such as Cambridge University Press, 2003 and 2010, he was a member of the Group Oxford University Press, Routledge and many of Economic Policy Analysis (GEPA) during the others. In 2016, he won the CGD/Lisbon University presidencies of the European Commission led by Scientific Prize in legal science and politics. From Romano Prodi and José Manuel Durão Barroso. 2014 to 2017, he was scientific director of the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation.

Photo of Pedro Magalhães © Estoril Institute Global Dialogue

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ART: THE LAST REFUGE OF HUMANISM? MAIN STAGE

The isomorphism of Baroque music, particularly that of the Johann Sebastian Bach’s canons, has led to stimulating speculation on the discovery of the mathematical foundations of Bach’s compositions, through both algebraic series and spectral geometries.

In Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, by the mathematician Douglas R. Hofstader, Bach’s composition techniques are refracted by the mathematics of Gödel and the optical illusions of Escher: “... every respect of thinking can be viewed as a high-level description of a system which, on a low level, is governed by simple, even formal, rules... The image is that of a formal system supporting an “informal system” – a system which can, for instance, make puns, discover number patterns, forget names, make awful blunders in chess, and so forth”.

Will computers be capable of reproducing these forms of thought and thus approach artistic creation? Or, in this field, are they condemned to take the role of mechanical monkeys?

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ANA PADRÃO is an actress, with a national and PEDRO GADANHO, director of MAAT, the career international in film, theatre and television. new Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology, in In 2002, she took part in George Sluizer’s film “La Lisbon, was curator for contemporary architecture Balsa de Piedra”, for which she won a Best Ensemble at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York Cast award at the Fort Lauderdale International Film for three years, where he coordinated the Young Festival. Frequent appearances in TV movies, soap Architects Program and organised several exhibitions, operas and period series since the 1980s, included including 9+1 Ways of Being Political, Endless House the starring role in “Amo-te Teresa”. In the theatre, and A Japanese Constellation. she has appeared in pieces by renowned authors, With an MA in Art and Architecture and a PhD in such as Bertolt Brecht and Fassbinder, and in film Architecture and Mass Media, he has co-directed she has been directed by Portuguese and foreign ExperimentaDesign since 2000 and curated Metaflux, directors, from Joaquim Leitão to Raoul Ruiz. In the Portuguese representation at the Venice Biennale 2017, she won a Globo de Ouro prize from SIC for of Architecture. With his book Arquitectura em Público, Best Cinema Actress, for the film “Jogo de Damas”. he won the FAD Prize for Thought and Criticism in In addition to acting, she also trains and director 2012. actors.

LEONEL MOURA, appointed European Ambassador for Creativity and Innovation for the European Commission in 2009, has gained international renown for his work in which he applies robotics and artificial intelligence to the arts. His first paintings from 2002 with a robotic arm appeared on the cover of the MIT journal dedicated to artificial life. “RAP” (Robotic Action Painter), created in 2006 for the American Museum of Natural History in New York, creates paintings autonomously, decides when the work is ready and signs it. The Robotarium, inaugurated in 2007, described as a zoo for robots, was the first of its kind in the world. He is the author of various books on art and science and in recent years he has explored the creation of large-scale sculptures using 3D printing.

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GROUP WORK BUDDHA STAGE

In the shade of a sacred fig, also known as Bodhi tree, a sacred tree to Hindus and Buddhists, there will be short conversations, in the form of round- tables, between the public and figures renowned for their professional, academic or artistic, and personal journeys.

Why do you like to communicate science? Where do lyrics from?

CARLOS FIOLHAIS, is a Physics professor CARLOS TÊ began writing lyrics in Portuguese at Coimbra University, essayist and science in 1976 with Rui Veloso’s song “Chico Fininho” communicator. His books include Física Divertida, and first became renowned with the release of Rui Pipocas com Telemóvel, A Ciência e os seus Inimigos Veloso’s album “Ar de Rock”, for which he wrote the and Obras Pioneiras da Cultura Portuguesa. He has lyrics. He has also worked with Jafumega (1982), been director of the General Library of Coimbra Trovante (1983), Cabeças no Ar (2002), Jorge Palma University and responsible for the Knowledge (2004), Ala dos Namorados (2007 e 2015), André programme of the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Sardet (2008), Ana Moura (2016), among others. Foundation. His prizes and awards include a “Amor Solúvel” and “Um Fio de Jogo” are among the Globo de Ouro (Golden Globe) prize for Merit and plays that he has written and directed. He has also Excellence in Science from SIC and the Order of written short stories and narratives, including the Prince Henry decoration, both in 2005, a Ciência novel O Voo Melancólico do Melro, the book Contos Viva Grand Prize, in 2017, and José Mariano Gago Supranumerários, among others. Prize from the SPA, in 2018.

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What is the role of online news and what is Where are books born? the role of the newspaper? GONÇALO M. TAVARES is already one of the DAVID DINIS is a columnist for the ECO newspaper most translated writers in Portuguese literature. He and a commentator on RTP. With a BA in Social was born in 1970 and published his first book in 2001. and Cultural Communication Studies from Catholic Translations and international editions are being University of Portugal, he began working in journalism prepared of all his books, in more than 50 countries, in 1995, at the former newspaper Semanário. As a by some of the most prestigious publishers. He has journalist and publisher, he has worked for a number received major awards in Portugal and abroad, in a of publications, including Notícia de Leiria, Diário wide range of literary genres. With Aprender a Rezar Económico, Jornal de Notícias, Diário de Notícias na era da Técnica he received the Prix du Meilleur and Sol. He was the founder and first director of Livre Étranger 2010 (France), a prize previously Observador, having also directed TSF and Público awarded to Robert Musil, Philip Roth, Gabriel García (newspaper). Márquez and Elias Canetti, among others

Why do I write?

DJAIMILIA PEREIRA DE ALMEIDA is the author of Esse cabelo, published by Theorem in 2015, and Ajudar a cair, an essay published in 2017 by the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation. With a PhD in Theory of Literature from Lisbon University, she has published works in Ler, Granta, Serrote, Zum, Common Knowledge, Pessoa and Words Without Borders, among others. She was born in Angola in 1982, lives in Lisbon and writes monthly on the “Companhia das Letras” blog.

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Why the Ocean? All this why? To Evolve and Serve in the certainty that one should “always look at JOÃO FALCATO, CEO of Oceanário de Lisboa, the bright side of life” (Monty Python) also holds administrative offices in the Oceano Azul Foundation, Sieocean - Siemens & Oceanário, JOSÉ PEDRO COBRA is a lawyer, humorist, European Union of Aquarium Curators (EUAC), speaker, volunteer and fund raiser. He is 45 years European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) old and has worked for more than fifteen years and the Portuguese Association of Zoos and in the corporate department and in institutional Aquaria. After being a director of Fundação do Gil communication for a Portuguese economic group between 2012 and 2015, he became a member of listed on the stock exchange. At the same time, the institution’s Board of Trustees. he has focused on civic contributions and social causes, giving institutions and social solidarity projects, among other initiatives, everything that he receives from his lectures and stand-up comedy performances.

How did I change my life?

JOHNSON SEMEDO, founder of the Academia do Johnson and futsal coach. Born in São Tomé, he came to Portugal at the age of 2 and was brought up in the Cova da Moura neighbourhood, where he still lives. He ran away from home at the age of only 9 and lived as a street boy. Drug abuse led him to deviant behaviour and periods of imprisonment. After completing a 10-year sentence, he changed his life, completed secondary education, married and became a father. His hard life led him to believe that he could change direction and be an example to other young people with difficult lives. In 2014 he founded the Academia do Johnson association with the aim of using his life experience to help prevent high-risk situations among young people living in problematic neighbourhoods of Amadora.

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QUO VADIS CPLP? Plants and queens ten Who still has a job for life? years after the crisis MARIANA CANTO E CASTRO, has a JORGE BRAGA DE MACEDO professor degree in Law from the Faculty of Law in Lisbon and and director of the Centre for Globalization and specialised studies in Organisational Sociology, having Governance (CG&G) at Nova School of Business also completed a Senior Executive Management course and Economics, is a fellow at the Lisbon Academy of at Tias Nimbas School of Business (Netherlands) and at Science, the Royal Academy of Belgium and the Centre INSEAD (France). She was responsible for Compliance for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) in at the Citigroup and worked as a coordinator of Human Canada. He taught at Yale and Princeton universities, Resources (HR) at two public institutes, accumulating Sciences-Po in Paris, and the Catholic Universities duties as head of litigation at one of these organisations. of Portugal and Angola. He also served as the last She returned to the private sector in 2015 in order to take president of the OECD Development Centre and IICT over the legal department at Randstad Portugal and join (which includes the Tropical Botanical Garden). His the management team. She is currently also a HR director numerous scholarly publications are listed at www. and is responsible for supervision of the Quality area and jbmacedo.com the Social Responsibility Programme.

Why did I become a scientist?

MARIA MANUEL MOTA is the director of the Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) at Lisbon University. With a degree in Biology and a masters in Immunology from Porto University in 1992 and 1994, respectively, she received a PhD from University College London in 1998. She has published more than 90 articles in international scientific journals and holds four international patents. She has previously been a researcher at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, a researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) and a member of the Board of Directors of the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation.

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Why did I become a scientist? Is it always fiction that rescues us?

MARIA MANUEL MOTA is the director of NUNO ARTUR SILVA, founder and former the Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) at editor and director of Produções Fictícias, the Lisbon University. With a degree in Biology and a newspaper O Inimigo Público and Canal Q, a masters in Immunology from Porto University in cable entertainment channel, is an author and 1992 and 1994, respectively, she received a PhD producer of books, plays, series and television from University College London in 1998. She has programmes, exploring genres that range from published more than 90 articles in international comics to poetry, from comedy to children’s scientific journals and holds four international stories, from documentaries to fiction. He has patents. She has previously been a researcher at taught Portuguese and creative writing, presented the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, a researcher at television programmes and performed stand-up the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) and a comedy. Between 2015 and 2018, he was a Director member of the Board of Directors of the Francisco at RTP, in charge of programme content. Manuel dos Santos Foundation.

Where do great ideas come from?

MIGUEL SANTO AMARO heads one of the first and most successful start-ups created in Portugal, which led him to being distinguished by Forbes in 2017 as one of the under-30 year olds to be closely followed in the area of technology. Having studied Finance, Accounting and Management at Nottingham University (United Kingdom), he trained in investment banking. In 2012, after an MA in Management, with Global Entrepreneurship from Babson College (USA), he co-founded Uniplaces, an online platform for student housing, together with two colleagues.

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Was music born with me? Why meteorites?

RICARDO RIBEIRO is a fado singer, well ZITA MARTINS, is an astrobiologist and established at the Marquês da Sé and Mesa de associate professor at Instituto Superior Técnico Frades fado houses, both in Alfama. Born and (IST). She has worked with NASA as a guest scientist, raised in the neighbourhood of Ajuda, he began to was University Research Fellow at Imperial College sing at the age of nine, and won second place at the London and visiting professor at University of Nice Grande Noite do Fado singing festival at 15. With Sophia Antipolis. She has worked for the mission to five albums issued, he has received several awards, Mars, ExoMars, and is a co-researcher for two space as newcomer and best male performer, and has missions of the European Space Agency (ESA). In appeared on stages worldwide. He has taken part 2009, she won a £1 million Royal Society Research in recordings by Rui Veloso, Simone de Oliveira, Fellowship. She has given more than 100 interviews Carlos do Carmo and others, and in numerous to international media, was selected by the BBC as compilations and films, including “Rio Turvo”, by BBC Expert Women Scientist and decorated by the Edgar Pêra, and “Fado”, by Carlos Saura. President of the Republic as Officer of the Military Order of Sant’Iago da Espada.

What does design have to do with management?

RITA NABEIRO, born in 1980, completed a degree in Communication Design at the Fine Arts Faculty in Lisbon. This was followed by a number of courses and projects, including photography, design, social entrepreneurship, wines and management. In 2005 and 2006, she worked as a communication designer in Italy and Portugal, after which she entered the Nabeiro – Delta Cafés Group. She then moved from coffee to wine, namely Adega Mayor, where she has been CEO since 2012. This work has involved more than 200 prizewinning wines and projects such as Wine Talks, special editions and the restaurant “Sem Título”.

28 SATURDAY | 15.09.18

TEATRO: 112 - O JANTAR ESTÁ MESMO QUASE STUDIO STAGE

The name of the play “112 - O jantar está mesmo quase” (112 - Dinner’s almost ready) suggests an emergency. In this case, the emergency of three actors, more precisely three recent graduates, who believed in a world of opportunities, but have systematically encountered the opposite: there are no jobs, there is no money and, even worse, there are no signs of change.

Stories cross, frustrations and ambitions meet and they are all found in a space for unpretentious conviviality. A simple, comfortable and welcoming atmosphere that loses shape as the minutes go by and the actors drag up old memories.

112 is the emergency of all those who want to make things happen. 112 is a cry for help. 112 is tales, outbursts and, sometimes, silences that anyone can identify with. 112 is the description of a tough reality that is imposed, every day, on these three characters, on these three, and on so many others, students or actors, on these three, and on so many others, citizens.

112 is the project that is urgently needed … to reflect and to act.

Credits Text: Mariana Fonseca; Performers: Joana Brito, João Santos, Mariana Fonseca; Production assistant: Teresa Faria; Poster: Igor Ramos; Photographs: Diogo Cruz and Henrique Pina

29 SATURDAY | 15.09.18

DOCUMENTARY: FORA DA VIDA MAIN STAGE

The film Fora da Vida (Outside Life) - which won the IndieLisboa Festival and several other international awards - uses the theme of “living on a minimum wage” to investigate how its characters spend their time left over after the work that guarantees that salary.

After all, how do they live when they’re not working? How do they spend the money they earn? What dreams do they have? What are their interests? What do they miss? How do they cope with everyday needs? What “luxuries” do they indulge in?

The film follows and crosses the paths of three real € characters, three different people with the same € common denominator: a minimum wage. An € encounter of lives and free time, that isn’t really free. € Or is it? € A film by Filipa Reis and João Miller Guerra. € € €

30 SATURDAY | 15.09.18

THE RACE BETWEEN MEN AND MACHINES MAIN STAGE

In 1900, 41 per cent American workers were employed in the agriculture sector. By 2000, this share had fallen to 2 per cent (Author, 2015). This wasn’t because the American diet has become more frugal. Quite to the contrary.

The replacement of stage coaches by trains, of sailing ships by motor vessels or of hoes by mechanical diggers is based on technologies that favour the automation of machinery. For example, mass production in the car industry reduced to vestigial levels the demand for numerous professions related to horses, such as farriers and grooms. Technological innovations at the workplace are designed to save on the use of labour, especially that used in repetitive and easily coded tasks.

What professions are endangered by automation? Is the polarisation of employment limited by Polanyi’s paradox? That is, by the notion that “we know more than we can tell,” which makes it very difficult to specify the rules and procedures of tasks that are carried out by humans tacitly and without any effort.

After all, Google needed 16,000 computers to recognise the image of a cat (New York Times, 2012). And self-driving cars are little more than trains that run on invisible rails - digital maps.

31 SATURDAY | 15.09.18

DAVID AUTOR, Ford Professor of Economics and Co-Director in the Department of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His research explores the impacts of the technological revolution and globalisation on the labour market, earnings inequality, disability insurance and labour force participation. He has received several awards for his work, including the Career Prize from National Science Foundation, an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship and the Sherwin Rosen Prize for Outstanding Contributions in the Field of Labour Economics. In 2017, he was identified by Bloomberg as one of the 50 people who defined global business in 2017.

IN-Q is a National Poetry Slam champion and a multi-platinum composer, writing to entertain, inspire and challenge his listeners. Many of his poetry videos have gone viral, with more than 50 million total views. His extraordinary performances include: selling out one of the largest ever poetry shows in the history of Los Angeles, being the first spoken-word artist to appear with Cirque du Soleil and starring in the HBO Def Poetry Jam through the A&E Look Closer campaign. Organisations such as Google, Facebook, IBM, Nike, Spotify, Shazam, among others, have invited him to give motivational workshops on creativity and narrative.

32 THE MEANING OF WORK SUNDAY - 16 SET.

//////// ////////

14H00 | CLOCKING IN 17H05 | THE IMPACTO AVENUE OF WORK OF WORK AUTOMATION MAIN STAGE //////// Sérgio Rebelo

14H30 | NEW PROMISES //////// FOR NEW GENERATIONS MAIN STAGE 18H00 | THE WORLD UNTIL YESTERDAY Martha Bailey MAIN STAGE Jared Diamond //////// //////// 15H25 | ONE LIFE, SEVERAL CAREERS? MAIN STAGE 19H00 | END OF Bruno Mota THE SESSIONS Mafalda Rebordão MAIN STAGE Marta Maia Alexandre Soares dos Santos Moderação: António Costa //////// //////// 19H20 | HARD TASK 15H25 | A CODE OF CONDUCT MAIN STAGE FOR ROBOTS? The Whoop Group STUDIO STAGE Arlindo Oliveira Luís Moniz Pereira Norberto Pires Moderator: Paulo Bastos SUNDAY | 16.09.18

NEW PROMISES FOR NEW GENERATIONS MAIN STAGE

After the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the newly What lessons can be learned from the war on poverty sworn-in President Johnson was given detailed programme supported by President Johnson? information about what would have been the future political agenda of his predecessor. From the wide How to plan the fight against poverty in its different range of reforms presented by the chief economic dimensions in the future? advisor Walter Heller, the new President chose, with undisguised enthusiasm, the fight against poverty. According to Heller, Johnson said: “That’s my kind of program; I’ll find money for it one way or another. If I have to, I’ll take away money from things to get money for people … Give it the highest priority. Push ahead full tilt.”

After his State of the Union Address, President MARTHA BAILEY is professor of Economics Johnson promoted the War on Poverty through a and researcher at the Population Studies Center at series of public relations initiatives. In April 1964, the University of Michigan. Her research focuses Johnson visited the coal miner Tom Fletcher and his on issues in labour economics, demography and wife and eight children, who lived in the Appalachians. health in the United States within the long-run The Fletchers had been chosen by the White House perspective of economic history. Her work has as the faces of hard-working workers who were living examined the implications of the diffusion of in poverty. Johnson is said to have told a reporter: “I modern contraception for women’s childbearing, don’t know if I’ll pass a single law or get a single dollar career decisions, and compensation, focusing on appropriated, but before I’m through, no community evaluation of “Great Society” programmes in the in America will be able to ignore poverty in its midst.” short and long term and the creation of an Electronic Indeed, this was what was achieved by Walter Bennett’s Micro Database (LIFE-M), to study economic growth iconic photograph published in Time, capturing the and geographic mobility, as well as family structure conversation with the Fletchers on their porch. throughout the 20th century.

34 SUNDAY | 16.09.18

ONE LIFE, SEVERAL CAREERS? STUDIO STAGE

An hour still has... 60 minutes.

However, it appears that today, more than yesterday, these minutes contain more events, more data, more decisions.

Some call this acceleration. We can also call it change. A change that makes us believe that it is unlikely that a career can be planned and imagined in the way it used to be in the past. With longer lives and technology acceleration, we will witness the appearance of new professions and the disappearance of others.

How many professions will we have throughout our lives? What is the significance of the word ‘career’? Is there a greater challenge for our companies and organisations than preparing for this change? Will this be the transformation that will help us to understand the deep meaning of the expression “study is for life”? How can we adapt to this new world of work?

35 SUNDAY | 16.09.18

BRUNO MOTA, director and founder-partner of MARTA MAIA, director of Human Resources BOLD International. BSc in Information Systems and (HR) and member of the executive committee of the Computer Engineering from the Instituto Superior Jerónimo Martins Group. She has a BA in Law from de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), concluding his Catholic University of Portugal and post-graduate academic career with an executive MA in Business studies in HR from the Instituto Superior de Gestão. Management from INDEG/ISCTE. He began his In this area she has completed several courses at professional career in 2005 as a consultant in the INSEAD, Harvard and Stanford, as well as the General area of Information Technology, in the Sonae Group. Management course at Universidade Nova de Lisboa. He is currently responsible for the global strategy In 1999, she joined the Jerónimo Martins group as a and management of a company that has more than Work Relations Manager, and two years later she became 500 employees and represents six brands operating head of the Media Relations Group. Since 2004, she as centres of expertise specialising in numerous has developed her career in HR, first at Pingo Doce different areas of technology. and then in several Group companies in Portugal. Since 2010, she has had corporate responsibility for HR Management in Portugal, Poland and Colombia.

MAFALDA REBORDÃO has a degree in Economics from Nova SBE and is currently studying for a CEMS Master’s in International Management (international studies aimed at preparing the new generation of future leaders). For six months she studied on an exchange programme at one of the best Management faculties in Canada, HEC Montréal, and at the age of only 21 she was an ambassador for some of the most intelligent companies in Portugal. She founded the first TEDx at Nova SBE and was a guest speaker and host at the National Robotics Festival 2018. She is currently responsible for the experience hub at the Singularity University Portugal Summit. Awarded the Rotary Club Award in 2015, the Torres Vedras Merit Award and the Nova Fellowship for Excellence Scholarship from Nova SBE in 2018 as outstanding student, she was also elected one of the most inspiring personalities at her university, forming part of the Nova SBE “We, the future” movement.

36 SUNDAY | 16.09.18

A CODE OF CONDUCT FOR ROBOTS? MAIN STAGE

In 1942, Isaac Asimov wrote the famous Three Laws of Robotics, in a text entitled Runaround.

The First Law of robotics: “A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm”.

The Second Law of robotics: “A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law”.

The Third Law of robotics: “A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws”.

The development of Artificial Intelligence, guaranteeing the increasing autonomy of robots and interaction with increasingly intense and cooperative humans has led to a need to construct a new and complex edifice of ethical regulations.

What threats must be safeguarded? Which responsibilities must be attributed? How to share the benefits of automation?

37 SUNDAY | 16.09.18

ARLINDO OLIVEIRA has a degree from the NORBERTO PIRES has a degree in Physical Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) and a doctorate Engineering, in the branch of Instrumentation, and in Electrical Engineering and Computers from the a doctorate from the Department of Mechanical University of California, Berkeley. He is President of Engineering, in the area of Automation and Robotics, the IST and professor in the Computer Engineering from Coimbra University (CU). He is a professor in Department, where he teaches, among other things, the Department of Mechanical Engineering at CU, subjects in the areas of Algorithms, Computational responsible for the Industrial Robotics laboratory at Biology and Neuroengineering. He has carried the same institution, and director of Robótica, the only out research in digital systems, logical synthesis, Portuguese technical-scientific journal in this field. He algorithms, automatic learning and bioinformatics. was the founder and first president of the Portuguese He has written two books, the most recent entitled Society of Robotics and of the Portuguese Association The Digital Mind, published by MIT Press and of Automatic Control and was also a member of recently launched in Portugal under the title Mentes the National Science and Technology Council and Digitais. a member of the National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Council, among other positions.

Luíz Moniz Pereira

LUÍS MONIZ PEREIRA is one of the Portuguese researchers with most Artificial Intelligence (AI) projects and scientific publications in areas such as Computational Reasoning, Evolutionary Game Theory, Machine Ethics and Cognitive Science. Considered one of the founders of Logical Programming, he created and chaired the Portuguese Association for Artificial Intelligence and is currently a researcher in AI, retired professor of Computers at NOVA University in Lisbon, member of the Scientific Board of IMDEA (Madrid) and fellow of the European Coordinating Committee for AI. He has a honoris causa doctorate from the University of Dresden and his work was honoured with the Gulbenkian Foundation Science Prize in 1984, Boa Esperança Prize in 1994 and Estímulo à Ciência prize in 2005. In 2016 two books were published: Programming Machine Ethics and A Máquina Iluminada – Cognição e Computação.

38 SUNDAY | 16.09.18

THE IMPACT OF WORK AUTOMATION MAIN STAGE

In his novel Player Piano, the American writer Kurt Vonnegut described a world in which school-age children are subject, very early in their schooling, to an exam that will determine their fate. Those who are successful in the assessment will be engineers and will design robots. Those who fail the exam will not have a job and will live for ever from money transfers from the government.

Are we converging on this dystopic world? What effects will automation have on earnings distribution? What public policies will be most suited to responding to the impact of automation on labour demand? Should robots be taxed? What tax system would be the best to accommodate efficiency in assigning resources and correcting income inequality? What role should universal basic income play?

SÉRGIO REBELO is Tokai Bank Distinguished Professor of International Finance at the Kellogg School of Management, where he has directed the Department of Finance, and is co-director of the Center for International Macroeconomics, Northwestern University. His research focuses on macroeconomics and international finance. With a PhD in Economics from the University of Rochester, he has studied the causes of economic cycles, the impact of economic policies on economic growth and exchange rate fluctuations. He has consulted for renowned institutions, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank, among others.

39 SUNDAY | 16.09.18

THE WORLD UNTIL YESTERDAY MAIN STAGE

What electric-eels tell us about the evolution of religion the raw material for Collapse, in The World Until – is the name of one of the chapters of The World Yesterday (an important verbal nuance with respect Until Yesterday. to Stefan Zweig’s The World of Yesterday), Jared Diamond asks, in a subtitle: What can we learn from Its author, Jared Diamond, is neither a provocateur traditional societies? nor a militant iconoclast, and he never uses easy words to captivate his audience. In addition, he is Seeking to understand, through condensation, a humanist concerned with the destination of our the effect of structural transformations, namely societies, which he attempts to understand from technological transformations, on the destiny of their natural origins, their deepest roots, that don’t our companies – a central topic in Guns, Germs and have political, economic or other frontiers dividing Steel –, Jared Diamond will propose to us a long them, artificially set out in a fleeing moment. His multi-century journey through the most recondite horizon is long-term– and it is this that, after all, areas of the planet to, at the end of the day, show us enables him to understand the transitory nature better what the future may reserve for us. Collapse – of forms of social organisation that we considered or maybe not? perfect and immutable, perhaps eternal. If this is

JARED DIAMOND is the author of books with a huge impact, such as The Third Chimpanzee (1991), Guns, Germs and Steel (1997, winner of the Pulitzer Prize), Collapse (2005) and The World Until Yesterday (2012). His latest work, The Third Chimpanzee for Young People: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal, is aimed at the next generations and the future that they will build. With a mix of anthropology, sociology and evolutionary biology, Diamond emphasises how we can improve contemporary society learning from the past. He has received prestigious awards and The New York Times considers his writing “one of the most important projects carried out by an intellectual of our generation”.

40 SUNDAY | 16.09.18

CLOSE MAIN STAGE

ALEXANDRE SOARES DOS SANTOS Fuonder and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation

Born in Porto, Alexandre Soares do Santos attended the Lisbon Faculty of Law and started his professional career in 1957 at Unilever NV, as Manager Trainee, having trained in Germany and Ireland. This was the start of an international career with Unilever, during which one of his positions was Marketing Director for Unilever Brazil, from 1964 to 1968.

In 1968, Soares dos Santos returned to Portugal to join the Board of Directors of the Jerónimo Martins Group, as CEO, having later taken over as Chairman of the Executive Board, a position that he held while also Chairman of the Board of Directors from 1996 to 2013.

41 42 GET READY FOR THE DEBATE More to think about:

Well-grounded and free studies about Portuguese society at: ffms.pt

Topics that challenge Portugal and the World at: fronteirasxxi.pt

The Contemporary Portugal database at: pordata.pt

43 Be free. Have an opinion.

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