DOCSLIB.ORG

Fumonisin B1 Toxicity in Swine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fumonisin B1 Toxicity in Swine Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 Fumonisin B1 toxicity in swine: a comparative analysis of genetically engineered Bt corn and non- Bt corn by using quantitative dietary exposure assessment modeling and ecotoxicological investigations on earthworms James Edward Delgado Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons, Animal Sciences Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Toxicology Commons Recommended Citation Delgado, James Edward, "Fumonisin B1 toxicity in swine: a comparative analysis of genetically engineered Bt corn and non-Bt corn by using quantitative dietary exposure assessment modeling and ecotoxicological investigations on earthworms" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14158. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14158 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fumonisin B1 toxicity in swine: A comparative analysis of genetically engineered Bt corn and non-Bt corn by using quantitative dietary exposure assessment modeling and ecotoxicological investigations on earthworms by James Edward Delgado A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Toxicology Program of Study Committee: Jeffrey Wolt, Major Professor Patricia Murphy Gary Munkvold Michael Thompson Joel Coats Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2014 Copyright © James Edward Delgado, 2014. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION This is dedicated to all...may we find peace through understanding. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page NOMENCLATURE .................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT………………………………. .............................................................. ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 FUMONISIN MYCOTOXICOSES IN SWINE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OCCURRENCE OF FUMONISIN IN SWINE .................... 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 4 Early Evidence of Fumonisin Toxicosis in Swine ......................................... 5 Mechanism of Action ..................................................................................... 6 Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Fumonisin in Swine Diets ....... 7 Insect Herbivory.............................................................................. 8 Negative Morphological Alterations in Corn Kernels .................... 9 Growth Stage and Fusarium Role................................................... 9 Agronomic Management ................................................................ 10 Swine Management ......................................................................... 11 Effects Characterization ....................................................................................... 11 Specific Fumonisin Toxicosis ........................................................................ 12 Porcine Pulmonary Edema (PPE) .................................................................. 13 Hepatic Toxicosis........................................................................................... 14 Cardiovascular Toxicity ................................................................................. 15 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 3 FUMONISIN B1 AND IMPLICATIONS IN NURSERY SWINE PRODUCTIVITY: A QUANTITATIVE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT .................. 24 Abstract ......................................................................................................... 24 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 25 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 26 Analytical Model ........................................................................................... 26 Effect Characterization .................................................................................. 27 Exposure Characterization and Model Parameterization ............................... 30 Agronomic Management ............................................................................... 32 Results ......................................................................................................... 35 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 37 iv CHAPTER 4 FUMONISIN B1 TOXICITY IN GROWER-FINISHER PIGS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED BT CORN AND NON-BT CORN BY USING QUANTITATIVE DIETARY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MODELLING ................................................................................. 55 Abstract ......................................................................................................... 55 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 56 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 57 Analytical Model ........................................................................................... 57 Exposure Characterization and Model Parameterization ............................... 58 Agronomic Management ............................................................................... 59 Effect Characterization .................................................................................. 60 Results ......................................................................................................... 61 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 5 EFFECTS CHARACTERIZATION OF FUSARIUM AND MYCOTOXIN EXPOSURE TO EARTHWORMS: A REVIEW ............................ 75 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 75 A Review of Ecotoxicological Studies ................................................................ 76 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 79 CHAPTER 6 ACUTE ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF FUMONISIN B1 TO EISENIA FETIDA EARTHWORMS .................................................................. 83 Abstract ......................................................................................................... 83 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 84 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 85 Test Organism and System ............................................................................ 85 Exposure Characterization ............................................................................. 87 Experiment Design and Dosing ..................................................................... 88 Statistical Analysis ......................................................................................... 89 Results ......................................................................................................... 90 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 90 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS............................................................................. 102 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................ 104 v NOMENCLATURE ADFI Average Daily Feed Intake ADG Average Daily Gain Bt Bacillus thuringiensis BUF Bt Use fraction BW Body Weight CDF Cumulative Distribution Function CP Crude Protein DCF DDGS Concentration Factor DDGS Distiller Dried Grains with Solubles DON Deoxynivalenol DUF DDGS Use Fraction ECB European Corn borer EEC Estimated Environmental Concentration ELEM Equine Leukoencephalomalacia EWSS Earth Waste Storage Structures FB Fumonisin FB1 Fumonisin B1 FDA Food and Drug Administration FICC Feed Intake Curve Calculator GE Genetically Enginnered LOC Levels of Concern vi ME Metabolizable Energy NOAEL No Observable Adverse Effects Level NTD’s Neural Tube Defects PPE Porcine Pulmonary Edema QDEA Quantitative Dietary Exposure Assessment QEA Quantitative Exposure Assessment Sa/So Sphinganine to Sphingosine ratio TCIF Total Corn Intake Fraction Total FB FB1+FB2+FB3 USDA United States Department of Agriculture vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS May you grant me forgiveness, for my words could never accurately express my appreciation for your assistance and love during this journey. I would like to thank God and all that is good. I am thankful to all who have supported me. If I tried to thank everyone I would undoubtedly forget many; yet I would be remiss if I didn’t try. To my parents, Patricio & Maria Ellena Delgado,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus Cereus
    toxins Review The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus cereus Richard Dietrich 1,†, Nadja Jessberger 1,*,†, Monika Ehling-Schulz 2 , Erwin Märtlbauer 1 and Per Einar Granum 3 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; [email protected] (R.D.); [email protected] (E.M.) 2 Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 3 Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, 1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors have contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous soil bacterium responsible for two types of food-associated gastrointestinal diseases. While the emetic type, a food intoxication, manifests in nausea and vomiting, food infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Causative toxins are the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide cereulide, and the proteinaceous enterotoxins hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K (CytK), respectively. This review covers the current knowledge on distribution and genetic organization of the toxin genes, as well as mechanisms of enterotoxin gene regulation and toxin secretion. In this context, the exceptionally high variability of toxin production between single strains is highlighted. In addition, the mode of action of the pore-forming enterotoxins and their effect on target cells is described in detail. The main focus of this review are the two tripartite enterotoxin complexes Hbl and Nhe, but the latest findings on cereulide and CytK are also presented, as well as methods for toxin detection, and the contribution of further putative virulence factors to the diarrheal disease.
    [Show full text]
  • FOLIA VETERINARIA Is a Scientific Journal Issued by the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
    FOLIA VETERINARIA The scientific journal of the ISSN 0015-5748 UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND eISSN PHARMACY IN KOŠICE — Slovakia 2453-7837 2 LXIV • 2020 FOLIA VETERINARIA is a scientific journal issued by the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia. The journal is published quaterly in English (numbers 1—4) and distributed worldwide. The list of Editorial Board of scientific journal Folia Veterinaria: Editor-in-Chief: Jana Mojžišová Deputy/Managing Editor: Juraj Pistl Editorial Board: Aland, A. (Tartu, Estonia), Banhazi, T. (Toowomba, Aus- tralia), Bao, E. (Nanjing, China), Bíreš, J. (Bratislava, Slovakia), Celer, V. (Brno, Czechia), Fablet, Ch. (Ploufragan, France), Faix, Š. (Košice, Slovakia), Faixová, Z. (Košice, Slovakia), Fedoročko, P. (Košice, Slovakia), Gunnarsson, S. (Skara, Sweden), Kolacz, R. (Wrocław, Poland), Könyves, L. (Budapest, Hungary), Nagy, J. (Košice, Slovakia), Novák, M. (Bratislava, Slovakia), Paulsen, P. (Vienna, Austria), Pěchová, A. (Brno, Czechia), Sossidou, E. N. (Thermi Thessa- loniki, Greece), Večerek, V. (Brno, Czechia), Vorlová, V. (Brno, Czechia) Vargová, M. — technical editor (Košice, Slovakia) Contact: tel.: +421 915 984 669 e-mail: [email protected] Electronic Publisher: De Gruyter Poland, Bogumila Zuga 32A 01-811 Warsaw, Poland ISSN 2453-7837 on-line ISSN 0015-5748 print EV 3485/09 Publisher’s Identification number: IČO 00397474 June 2020 FOLIA VETERINARIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACY IN KOŠICE SLOVAK IA Folia Veterinaria Vol. 64, 2, 2020 V YDÁVA UNIVERZITA VETERINÁRSKEHO LEKÁRSTVA A FARMÁCIE V KOŠICIACH 2020 F O L I A V E T E R I N A R I A, 64, 2, 2020 C O N T E N T S ADESOKAN, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Toxicity of Fumonisin Mycotoxins in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Toxicity of Fumonisin Mycotoxins in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells Song Yu, Bingxuan Jia, Na Liu, Dianzhen Yu and Aibo Wu * SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (B.J.); [email protected] (N.L.); [email protected] (D.Y.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-21-54920716 Received: 23 July 2020; Accepted: 14 August 2020; Published: 18 August 2020 Abstract: Fumonisin contaminates food and feed extensively throughout the world, causing chronic and acute toxicity in human and animals. Currently, studies on the toxicology of fumonisins mainly focus on fumonisin B1 (FB1). Considering that FB1, fumonisin B2 (FB2) and fumonisin B3 (FB3) could coexist in food and feed, a study regarding a single toxin, FB1, may not completely reflect the toxicity of fumonisin. The gastrointestinal tract is usually exposed to these dietary toxins. In our study, the human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) was used as in vitro model to evaluate the toxicity of fumonisin. Firstly, we found that they could cause a decrease in cell viability, and increase in membrane leakage, cell death and the induction of expression of markers for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Their toxicity potency rank is FB1 > FB2 >> FB3. The results also showed that the synergistic effect appeared in the combinations of FB1 + FB2 and FB1 + FB3.
    [Show full text]
  • | Hao Wanatha Maria Del Contatta Datum
    |HAO WANATHA MARIAUS009844679B2 DEL CONTATTA DATUM (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 ,844 , 679 B2 Nayfach - Battilana ( 45 ) Date of Patent : * Dec . 19 , 2017 (54 ) NANOPARTICLE - SIZED MAGNETIC (56 ) References Cited ABSORPTION ENHANCERS HAVING THREE - DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIES U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS ADAPTED FOR IMPROVED DIAGNOSTICS 4 , 106 ,488 A 8 / 1978 Gordon AND HYPERTHERMIC TREATMENT 4 ,303 ,636 A 12/ 1981 Gordon ( 71 ) Applicant: Qteris, Inc. , San Rafael, CA (US ) ( Continued ) ( 72 ) Inventor : Joseph N . Nayfach - Battilana , San FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Rafael , CA (US ) EP 0040512 B1 11 / 1981 EP 0136530 A16 /1988 (73 ) Assignee : Qteris, Inc. , San Rafael , CA (US ) (Continued ) ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 903 days. “ Krishna et al ., Unusual size -dependent magnetization in near This patent is subject to a terminal dis hemispherical Co nanomagnets on SiO . sub . 2 from fast pulsed laser claimer . processing” , J . Appl. Phys. 103 , 073902 (2008 ) (“ Krishna ” ) .* (Continued ) ( 21 ) Appl . No .: 14 /044 , 251 Primary Examiner — Joseph Stoklosa (22 ) Filed : Oct. 2 , 2013 Assistant Examiner — Adam Avigan (74 ) Attorney , Agent, or Firm — Marek Alboszta (65 ) Prior Publication Data US 2014 /0172049 A1 Jun . 19 , 2014 (57 ) ABSTRACT Nanoparticle- sized magnetic absorption enhancers (MAES ) Related U . S . Application Data exhibiting a controlled response to a magnetic field , includ ing a controlled mechanical response and an inductive (62 ) Division of application No . 12 /925 ,904 , filed on Nov. thermal response . The MAEs have a magnetic material that 1 , 2010 , now Pat .
    [Show full text]
  • Rope Parasite” the Rope Parasite Parasites: Nearly Every AuSC Child I Ever Treated Proved to Carry a Significant Parasite Burden
    Au#sm: 2015 Dietrich Klinghardt MD, PhD Infec4ons and Infestaons Chronic Infecons, Infesta#ons and ASD Infec4ons affect us in 3 ways: 1. Immune reac,on against the microbes or their metabolic products Treatment: low dose immunotherapy (LDI, LDA, EPD) 2. Effects of their secreted endo- and exotoxins and metabolic waste Treatment: colon hydrotherapy, sauna, intes4nal binders (Enterosgel, MicroSilica, chlorella, zeolite), detoxificaon with herbs and medical drugs, ac4vaon of detox pathways by solving underlying blocKages (methylaon, etc.) 3. Compe,,on for our micronutrients Treatment: decrease microbial load, consider vitamin/mineral protocol Lyme, Toxins and Epigene#cs • In 2000 I examined 10 au4s4c children with no Known history of Lyme disease (age 3-10), with the IgeneX Western Blot test – aer successful treatment. 5 children were IgM posi4ve, 3 children IgG, 2 children were negave. That is 80% of the children had clinical Lyme disease, none the history of a 4cK bite! • Why is it taking so long for au4sm-literate prac44oners to embrace the fact, that many au4s4c children have contracted Lyme or several co-infec4ons in the womb from an oVen asymptomac mother? Why not become Lyme literate also? • Infec4ons can be treated without the use of an4bio4cs, using liposomal ozonated essen4al oils, herbs, ozone, Rife devices, PEMF, colloidal silver, regular s.c injecons of artesunate, the Klinghardt co-infec4on cocKtail and more. • Symptomac infec4ons and infestaons are almost always the result of a high body burden of glyphosate, mercury and aluminum - against the bacKdrop of epigene4c injuries (epimutaons) suffered in the womb or from our ancestors( trauma, vaccine adjuvants, worK place related lead, aluminum, herbicides etc., electromagne4c radiaon exposures etc.) • Most symptoms are caused by a confused upregulated immune system (molecular mimicry) Toxins from a toxic environment enter our system through damaged boundaries and membranes (gut barrier, blood brain barrier, damaged endothelium, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Humans M
    Research Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans M. Peraica,1 B. RadicÂ,2 A. LucicÂ,3 & M. Pavlovic 4 Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by mycotoxins, i.e. secondary metabolites of moulds. Although they occur more frequently in areas with a hot and humid climate, favourable for the growth of moulds, they can also be found in temperate zones. Exposure to mycotoxins is mostly by ingestion, but also occurs by the dermal and inhalation routes. Mycotoxicoses often remain unrecognized by medical professionals, except when large numbers of people are involved. The present article reviews outbreaks of mycotoxicoses where the mycotoxic etiology of the disease is supported by mycotoxin analysis or identification of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Epidemiological, clinical and histological findings (when available) in outbreaks of mycotoxicoses resulting from exposure to aflatoxins, ergot, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, 3-nitropropionic acid, zearalenone and fumonisins are discussed. Voir page 763 le reÂsume en francËais. En la pa gina 763 figura un resumen en espanÄ ol. Introduction baking of bread made with ergot-contaminated wheat, as well as to other ergot toxins and Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of moulds that hallucinogens, as well as belladonna alkaloids from exert toxic effects on animals and humans. The toxic mandragora apple, which was used to treat ergotism effect of mycotoxins on animal and human health is (3). While ergotism no longer has such important referred to as mycotoxicosis, the severity of which implications for public health, recent reports indicate depends on the toxicity of the mycotoxin, the extent that outbreaks of human mycotoxicoses are still of exposure, age and nutritional status of the possible (4).
    [Show full text]
  • Wednesday Slide Conference 2008-2009
    PROCEEDINGS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGY WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2008-2009 ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20306-6000 2009 ML2009 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2008-2009 100 Cases 100 Histopathology Slides 249 Images PROCEEDINGS PREPARED BY: Todd Bell, DVM Chief Editor: Todd O. Johnson, DVM, Diplomate ACVP Copy Editor: Sean Hahn Layout and Copy Editor: Fran Card WSC Online Management and Design Scott Shaffer ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY Washington, D.C. 20306-6000 2009 ML2009 i PREFACE The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathology has conducted a weekly slide conference during the resident training year since 12 November 1953. This ever- changing educational endeavor has evolved into the annual Wednesday Slide Conference program in which cases are presented on 25 Wednesdays throughout the academic year and distributed to 135 contributing military and civilian institutions from around the world. Many of these institutions provide structured veterinary pathology resident training programs. During the course of the training year, histopathology slides, digital images, and histories from selected cases are distributed to the participating institutions and to the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the AFIP. Following the conferences, the case diagnoses, comments, and reference listings are posted online to all participants. This study set has been assembled in an effort to make Wednesday Slide Conference materials available to a wider circle of interested pathologists and scientists, and to further the education of veterinary pathologists and residents-in-training. The number of histopathology slides that can be reproduced from smaller lesions requires us to limit the number of participating institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers Against Pathogens and Toxins: Identification and Biosensing Applications
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 419318, 31 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/419318 Review Article Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers against Pathogens and Toxins: Identification and Biosensing Applications Ka Lok Hong and Letha J. Sooter Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 20506, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Letha J. Sooter; [email protected] Received 1 March 2015; Accepted 27 May 2015 Academic Editor: Maria C. De Rosa Copyright © 2015 K. L. Hong and L. J. Sooter. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Molecular recognition elements (MREs) can be short sequences of single-stranded DNA, RNA, small peptides, or antibody fragments. They can bind to user-defined targets with high affinity and specificity. There has been an increasing interest inthe identification and application of nucleic acid molecular recognition elements, commonly known as aptamers, since they were first described in 1990 by the Gold and Szostak laboratories. A large number of target specific nucleic acids MREs and their applications are currently in the literature. This review first describes the general methodologies used in identifying single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers. It then summarizes advancements in the identification and biosensing application of ssDNA aptamers specific for bacteria, viruses, their associated molecules, and selected chemical toxins. Lastly, an overview of the basic principles of ssDNA aptamer-based biosensors is discussed. 1. Introduction The target of interest is first incubated with the library under specific ionic and temperature conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Involvement of Lipid Rafts in G Protein-Coupled Monoamine Receptor Trafficking and Signaling
    Thesis for doctoral degree (Ph.D.) 2008 Thesis for doctoral degree (Ph.D.) 2008 INVOLVEMENT OF LIPID RAFTS IN G PROTEIN-COUPLED MONOAMINE RECEPTOR TRAFFICKING AND SIGNALING LIPID RAFTS AND G PROTEIN-COUPLED MONOAMINE RECEPTORS LIPID RAFTS – A PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH Benita Sjögren Benita Sjögren From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden INVOLVEMENT OF LIPID RAFTS IN G PROTEIN-COUPLED MONOAMINE RECEPTOR TRAFFICKING AND SIGNALING – A PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH Benita Sjögren Stockholm 2008 Picture on cover: Immunostaining of a HeLa cell stably expressing 5-HT7 receptors. All previously published papers were reproduced with permission from the publisher. Published by Karolinska Institutet. © Benita Sjögren, 2008 ISBN 978-91-7357-572-0 Printed by 2008 Gårdsvägen 4, 169 70 Solna For my grandmother, who was always proud of me. “To develop a complete mind: study the science of art; study the art of science. Learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else.” Leonardo da Vinci “Professionals built the Titanic - an amateur built the Ark.” Anon ABSTRACT The present work focused on lipid raft-mediated modulation of signaling and trafficking of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. The 5-HT system is one of the most complex neurotransmitter systems, with a wide distribution both in the CNS and in the periphery. It is involved in the regulation of many biological functions as diverse as mood, metabolism and cardiovascular tone. 5-HT acts via at least 14 receptors, divided into seven subgroups according to sequence homology and mode of signal transduction. All of them are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), except for the 5-HT3 receptor, which is a ligand-gated ion channel.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Highly-Reducing Polyketide Synthase Enzymes That Produce the Fungal Polyketides Lovastatin, Fumonisin Bj, and Hypothemycin
    University of Alberta Investigation of Highly-Reducing Polyketide Synthase Enzymes that Produce the Fungal Polyketides Lovastatin, Fumonisin Bj, and Hypothemycin by Jesse W.-H Li A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry © Li, W.-H. Jesse Spring, 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-87888-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-87888-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Avaliação Das
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO-USP Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, antisséptica e esterilizante de extratos e metabólitos de Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. e Pinus elliottii Engelm CRISTIANE TEIXEIRA VILHENA BERNARDES RIBEIRÃO PRETO 2014 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO-USP Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, antisséptica e esterilizante de extratos e metabólitos de Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. e Pinus elliottii Engelm Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências Área de Concentração: Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Orientada: Cristiane Teixeira Vilhena Bernardes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jairo Kenupp Bastos Versaão corrigida da Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas em 19/09/2014. A versão original encontra-se disponível na Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto/USP. RIBEIRÃO PRETO 2014 AUTORIZO A REPRODUÇÃO E DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. Bernardes, Cristiane Teixeira Vilhena Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, antisséptica e esterilizante de extratos e metabólitos de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC e Pinus elliottii Engelm. Ribeirão Preto, 2014. 167 p.; 30cm. Tese de Doutorado, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto/USP – Área de concentração: Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Bastos, Jairo Kenupp. 1. B. dracunculifolia. 2. Antimicrobiano. 3. Esterilizante FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Nome do aluno: Cristiane Teixeira Vilhena Bernardes Título do trabalho: Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, antisséptica e esterilizante de extratos e metabólitos de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC e Pinus elliottii Engelm Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências.
    [Show full text]
  • Fumonisins Fumonisins Are a Significant Health Risk to Livestock, and Potentially Also to Humans
    Food Safety Digest February 2018 Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses REF. No.: WHO/NHM/FOS/RAM/18.2 Fumonisins Fumonisins are a significant health risk to livestock, and potentially also to humans Fumonisins are naturally occurring toxins produced by several species of Fusarium fungi (moulds). A number of different types of fumonisin are known, but fumonisins B , B and B (also named FB , FB and 1 2 3 1 2 FB ) are the major forms found in food. Fumonisins were first recognized in 1988. 3 Fumonisins can have significant health effects in livestock and other animals. While the evidence for adverse health effects in humans is currently inconclusive, there are concerns that exposure to fumonisins may contribute to various serious adverse health outcomes such as cancer and birth defects. Maize and maize-based products contain the highest amounts of fumonisins The fungi Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi, as well as some less widespread Fusarium species, are common contaminants of maize, and to a lesser extent of wheat and other cereals included their derived products. They occur worldwide but are most common in warm climate and warm tropical areas where maize is grown. Maize and maize-based products were found to have the highest occurrence and mean concentrations of FB1 than any cereal or cereal-based product in an evaluation by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2016; with higher mean concentrations of FB1 reported in products from Africa, Central and South America and some countries in the Western Pacific Region. FB1 is rarely detectable in milk, dairy products, meat and meat products, indicating that transfer into animal products is negligible.
    [Show full text]