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FOLIA VETERINARIA Is a Scientific Journal Issued by the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia

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FOLIA VETERINARIA Is a Scientific Journal Issued by the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia FOLIA VETERINARIA The scientific journal of the ISSN 0015-5748 UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND eISSN PHARMACY IN KOŠICE — Slovakia 2453-7837 2 LXIV • 2020 FOLIA VETERINARIA is a scientific journal issued by the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia. The journal is published quaterly in English (numbers 1—4) and distributed worldwide. The list of Editorial Board of scientific journal Folia Veterinaria: Editor-in-Chief: Jana Mojžišová Deputy/Managing Editor: Juraj Pistl Editorial Board: Aland, A. (Tartu, Estonia), Banhazi, T. (Toowomba, Aus- tralia), Bao, E. (Nanjing, China), Bíreš, J. (Bratislava, Slovakia), Celer, V. (Brno, Czechia), Fablet, Ch. (Ploufragan, France), Faix, Š. (Košice, Slovakia), Faixová, Z. (Košice, Slovakia), Fedoročko, P. (Košice, Slovakia), Gunnarsson, S. (Skara, Sweden), Kolacz, R. (Wrocław, Poland), Könyves, L. (Budapest, Hungary), Nagy, J. (Košice, Slovakia), Novák, M. (Bratislava, Slovakia), Paulsen, P. (Vienna, Austria), Pěchová, A. (Brno, Czechia), Sossidou, E. N. (Thermi Thessa- loniki, Greece), Večerek, V. (Brno, Czechia), Vorlová, V. (Brno, Czechia) Vargová, M. — technical editor (Košice, Slovakia) Contact: tel.: +421 915 984 669 e-mail: [email protected] Electronic Publisher: De Gruyter Poland, Bogumila Zuga 32A 01-811 Warsaw, Poland ISSN 2453-7837 on-line ISSN 0015-5748 print EV 3485/09 Publisher’s Identification number: IČO 00397474 June 2020 FOLIA VETERINARIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACY IN KOŠICE SLOVAK IA Folia Veterinaria Vol. 64, 2, 2020 V YDÁVA UNIVERZITA VETERINÁRSKEHO LEKÁRSTVA A FARMÁCIE V KOŠICIACH 2020 F O L I A V E T E R I N A R I A, 64, 2, 2020 C O N T E N T S ADESOKAN, H. K., FUNSO-ADU, K., OKUNLADE, O. A.: FOODBORNE PATHOGENS ON MEAT STORED IN MAJOR CENTRAL COLD ROOMS IN IBADAN AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS ................................................................................................................................ 1 MAAJI, E. C., KIA, S. N. G., BELLO, M.: SEARCH FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE AND CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN PIGS WITHIN ZARIA AND ENVIRONS, IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA ...............................................................................................................................11 MICHALOVÁ, V., GALDÍKOVÁ, M., HOLEČKOVÁ, B., KOLENIČOVÁ, S., SCHWARZBACHEROVÁ, V.: MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOMONITORING ..........................................................................................20 ELEAZAR, A. N., TAKEET, M. I., SONIBARE, A. O., OLUFEMI, F. O., OTESILE, E. B.: PREVALENCE OF PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 2 IN NATURALLY INFECTED PIGS IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA ......................................29 KURÁŇOVÁ, E., ANDREJČÁKOVÁ, Z., VLČKOVÁ, R., SOPKOVÁ, D.: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF FLAXSEED ON THE HEALTH OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS EXPOSED TO XYLENE ..................................................38 ADESINA, M. A., OLUFADEWA, I. I., OGAH, Y. I., NWACHUKWU, N.: INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY FROM A NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASE (RABIES) IN 28 AFRICAN COUNTRIES .............................................................46 MAKOSCHEY, B., VERTENTEN, G., REDDICK, D.: THE EFFECT OF CO-ADMINISTRATION OF INACTIVATED VACCINES AGAINST BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE AND NEONATAL CALF DIARRHOEA ...................................................................................................................................................52 HARČÁROVÁ, M., ČONKOVÁ, E., PROŠKOVCOVÁ M., FALIS, M.: IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF ZEARALENONE TOXICITY ................................................................................................................................................................60 TYAGI, P., BHIDE, M.: HISTORY OF DNA SEQUENCING .........................................................................................................................66 MADUBUIKE, K. G., OKOROAFOR, O. N., ASUZU, I. U.: EFFECTS OF EARLY-LIFE ANTIBIOTICS ADMINISTRATION ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO NEWCASTLE DISEASE LASOTA VACCINATION AND WEIGHT INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN.................................................................................................74 . DOI: 10.2478/fv-2020-0011 FOLIA VETERINARIA, 64, 2: 1—10, 2020 FOODBORNE PATHOGENS ON MEAT STORED IN MAJOR CENTRAL COLD ROOMS IN IBADAN AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Adesokan, H. K., Funso-Adu, K., Okunlade, O. A. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan Nigeria [email protected] ABSTRACT showed the highest resistance to 12 antibiotics, followed by Salmonella spp. (11 antibiotics), L. monocytogenes Foodborne pathogens are the leading cause of illness (10 antibiotics) and S. aureus (7 antibiotics). Sampling and death in developing countries and are often associ- locations were significantly associated with the preva- ated with poor hygiene and unsafe food storage condi- lence of L. monocytogenes (P = 0.008) and S. aureus tions. Using central cold rooms with alternate power (P = 0.000), but not with Salmonella spp. (P = 0.435) or supply in preserving meats due to erratic power supply E. coli (P = 0.117). The study revealed a heavy microbial is common among meat traders in Nigeria. However, contamination with major foodborne pathogens char- the public health safety of the operations of this prac- acterized by a high level of antibiotic resistance. These tice remains un-investigated. We conducted a microbial findings portend that the current operations associated assessment of aseptically collected meat swabs from with the practice of using central cold rooms in meat three selected major cold rooms in Ibadan for Staphylo- preservation in Nigeria undermine public health safety coccus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and need to be urgently addressed. and Escherichia coli using standard procedures. Anti- biotic susceptibility was determined using 14 different Key words: antimicrobial resistance; cold storage; antibiotics at standard concentrations following Kirby- food safety; meat; microbial contamination; public health Bauer Assays. The data were analysed with Stata 12.0 using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Of 180 meat swabs collected, 42.2 % were positive for S. aureus, INTRODUCTION 22.2 % for L. monocytogenes, 20.0 % for Salmonella spp. and 6.7 % for E. coli. All of the isolates exhibited total Like most developing countries of the world, Nigeria resistance to seven of the antibiotics. Escherichia coli is facing a food crisis. The diet of most of her populace is 1 often protein deficient, with the average animal protein handling and storage of meat limits the bacterial contami- consumption per person per day being 7.9 g which is far nation or multiplication, thus reducing the associated cost below the 35 g recommended by the Food and Agriculture due to meat-borne diseases. Organisation [21, 32]. This low level of animal protein in- The use of central cold rooms, a temperature-con- take has generated concern as it affects the physical, physi- trolled facility designed to preserve meats for the teeming ological and mental development of Nigerian youths and population is a common practice among meat traders in the labour force in the country [5]. There is, therefore, the developing countries such as Nigeria. This practice is ne- need for conscious efforts towards adequate availability of cessitated by irregular power supply which characterizes animal products that are rich in protein, energy, vitamins such countries given the alternative power supply to the and minerals required for adequate nutrition. One major facility. However, the public health safety of the operations animal product that has received attention over the years is of this practice in terms of optimal preservation of meats meat. Though highly nutritious because of its high biologi- from microbial pathogens is yet to be seen. The aim of cal value protein [8], meat provides a veritable medium for this study was to carry out microbial assessment of meats the growth and multiplication of micro-organisms, mak- stored in major cold rooms in Ibadan, south-western Ni- ing it highly perishable, poisonous and unfit for human geria for Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmo- consumption when contaminated with microbes [34]. This nella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, the four commonly becomes more evident considering the inadequate refrig- reported pathogens of public health importance as well as eration facilities for optimal preservation of meat coupled to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. with erratic power supply that characterizes most develop- ing countries, particularly Nigeria. Foodborne pathogens pose a significant threat to pub- MATERIALS AND METHODS lic health, causing a substantial economic burden both in developed and developing countries [27, 42]. Recent Study site epidemiological studies of world populations show that This cross-sectional study was carried out in Ibadan, 420,000 people lose their lives every year due to foodborne south-western Nigeria between August and November, diseases, with around one-third of those being five years 2017. Ibadan is the largest city in terms of the geographical of age or younger [24]. The recent outbreak of listeriosis area in the country and one of the country’s most popu- in South Africa was the largest ever recorded involving lous cities with over three million people. The city accom- 674 patients as of March 2018, with
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