Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed Edited by Ting Zhou Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Toxins www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed Special Issue Editor Ting Zhou MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Ting Zhou Guelph Research and Development Center (AAFC) Canada Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651) from 2016 to 2018 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins/special issues/promising detoxification) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-027-9 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-028-6 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Yousef I. Hassan. Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is c 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... ix Preface to ”Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed” .. xi Yousef I. Hassan and Ting Zhou Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed Reprinted from: Toxins 2018, 10, 116, doi: 10.3390/toxins10030116 .................. 1 Nina M. Wilson, Nicole McMaster, Dash Gantulga, Cara Soyars, Susan P. McCormick, Ken Knott, Ryan S. Senger and David G. Schmale Modification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Using Microorganisms Isolated from Environmental Samples Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 141, doi: 10.3390/toxins9040141 ................... 6 Guanhua Fu, Junfei Ma, Lihong Wang, Xin Yang, Jeruei Liu and Xin Zhao Effect of Degradation of Zearalenone-Contaminated Feed by Bacillus licheniformis CK1 on Postweaning Female Piglets Reprinted from: Toxins 2016, 8, 300, doi: 10.3390/toxins8100300 ................... 17 Xiangfeng Zheng, Qiya Yang, Hongyin Zhang, Jing Cao, Xiaoyun Zhang and Maurice Tibiru Apaliya The Possible Mechanisms Involved in Degradation of Patulin by Pichia caribbica Reprinted from: Toxins 2016, 8, 289, doi: 10.3390/toxins8100289 ................... 28 Giuseppe Ianiri, Cristina Pinedo, Alessandra Fratianni, Gianfranco Panfili and Raffaello Castoria Patulin Degradation by the Biocontrol Yeast Sporobolomyces sp. Is an Inducible Process Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 61, doi: 10.3390/toxins9020061 .................... 45 Ye Tian, Yanglan Tan, Na Liu, Zheng Yan, Yucai Liao, Jie Chen, Sarah de Saeger, Hua Yang, Qiaoyan Zhang and Aibo Wu Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol via Glycosylation Represents Novel Insights on Antagonistic Activities of Trichoderma when Confronted with Fusarium graminearum Reprinted from: Toxins 2016, 8, 335, doi: 10.3390/toxins8110335 ................... 57 Yan Zhu, Yousef I. Hassan, Dion Lepp, Suqin Shao and Ting Zhou Strategies and Methodologies for Developing Microbial Detoxification Systems to Mitigate Mycotoxins Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 130, doi: 10.3390/toxins9040130 ................... 72 Martina Loi, Francesca Fanelli, Vania C. Liuzzi, Antonio F. Logrieco and Giuseppina Mul`e Mycotoxin Biotransformation by Native and Commercial Enzymes: Present and Future Perspectives Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 111, doi: 10.3390/toxins9040111 ................... 98 Luca Dellafiora, Gianni Galaverna, Massimo Reverberi and Chiara Dall’Asta Degradation of Aflatoxins by Means of Laccases from Trametes versicolor: An In Silico Insight Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 17, doi: 10.3390/toxins9010017 ....................129 v Liang Xu, Mohamed Farah Eisa Ahmed, Lancine Sangare, Yueju Zhao, Jonathan Nimal Selvaraj, Fuguo Xing, Yan Wang, Hongping Yang and Yang Liu Novel Aflatoxin-Degrading Enzyme from Bacillus shackletonii L7 Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 36, doi: 10.3390/toxins9010036 ....................142 Ilenia Siciliano, Barbara Dal Bello, Giuseppe Zeppa, Davide Spadaro and Maria Lodovica Gullino Static Hot Air and Infrared Rays Roasting are Efficient Methods for Aflatoxin Decontamination on Hazelnuts Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 72, doi: 10.3390/toxins9020072 ....................157 Lars ten Bosch, Katharina Pfohl, Georg Avramidis, Stephan Wieneke, Wolfgang Vi¨ol and Petr Karlovsky Plasma-Based Degradation of Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium, Aspergillus and Alternaria Species Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 97, doi: 10.3390/toxins9030097 ....................168 Jin Mao, Bing He, Liangxiao Zhang, Peiwu Li, Qi Zhang, Xiaoxia Ding and Wen Zhang A Structure Identification and Toxicity Assessment of the Degradation Products of Aflatoxin B1 in Peanut Oil under UV Irradiation Reprinted from: Toxins 2016, 8, 332, doi: 10.3390/toxins8110332 ...................180 Nataˇsa Hojnik, Uroˇs Cvelbar, Gabrijela Tavˇcar-Kalcher, James L. Walsh and Igor Krizajˇ Mycotoxin Decontamination of Food: Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma versus “Classic” Decontamination Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 151, doi: 10.3390/toxins9050151 ...................191 Denise G´omez-Espinosa, Francisco Javier Cervantes-Aguilar, Juan Carlos Del R´ıo-Garc´ıa, Tania Villarreal-Barajas, Alma V´azquez-Dur´an and Abraham M´endez-Albores Ameliorative Effects of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on Growth Performance, Biochemical Constituents, and Histopathological Changes in Turkey Poults during Aflatoxicosis Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 104, doi: 10.3390/toxins9030104 ...................210 J. David Ioi, Ting Zhou, Rong Tsao and Massimo F. Marcone Mitigation of Patulin in Fresh and Processed Foods and Beverages Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 157, doi: 10.3390/toxins9050157 ...................224 Yousef I. Hassan, Honghui Zhu, Yan Zhu and Ting Zhou Beyond Ribosomal Binding: The Increased Polarity and Aberrant Molecular Interactions of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol Reprinted from: Toxins 2016, 8, 261, doi: 10.3390/toxins8090261 ...................242 Rhoda El Khoury, Isaura Caceres, Olivier Puel, Sylviane Bailly, Ali Atoui, Isabelle P. Oswald, Andr´e El Khoury and Jean-Denis Bailly Identification of the Anti-Aflatoxinogenic Activity of Micromeria graeca and Elucidation of Its Molecular Mechanism in Aspergillus flavus Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 87, doi: 10.3390/toxins9030087 ....................255 Tao Liu, Qiugang Ma, Lihong Zhao, Ru Jia, Jianyun Zhang, Cheng Ji and Xinyue Wang Protective Effects of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganderma lucidum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Level of Aflatoxin B1 Reprinted from: Toxins 2016, 8, 278, doi: 10.3390/toxins8100278 ...................270 vi Liyuan Zhang, Qiugang Ma, Shanshan Ma, Jianyun Zhang, Ru Jia, Cheng Ji and Lihong Zhao Ameliorating Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Functions, and Aflatoxin Residues in Ducks Fed Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxins Reprinted from: Toxins 2017, 9, 1, doi: 10.3390/toxins9010001 .....................282 Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming Qi, Ling Zhao, Ming-Kun Zhu, Jiao Guo, Jie Liu, Chang-Qin Gu, Shahid Ali Rajput, Christopher Steven Krumm, De-Sheng Qi and Lv-Hui Sun Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymesin Chick Liver Reprinted from: Toxins 2016, 8, 327, doi: 10.3390/toxins8110327 ...................293 vii About the Special Issue Editor Ting Zhou is a research scientist with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research and Development Center, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, and a member of associated graduate faculty at the University of Guelph. He is a leader of a well-established food safety research program specialized in controlling fungal hazards in food value chains and is involved with several international and national projects on mycotoxin mitigations using physical, chemical and biological strategies. Dr. Zhou is the author or coauthor of over 120 peer reviewed publications of scientific journals and book chapters. In particular, he has made significant contributions to the microbial/enzymatic detoxifications of Fusarium mycotoxins, and was awarded the most prestigious award of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in 2016, the Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Science for his research in mycotoxin biodetoxification. Dr. Zhou received his Ph.D. degree (1991) from McGill University, Canada. ix Preface to ”Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed” Mycotoxins have been a threat to mankind for thousands of years. Contaminations of mycotoxins in food and feed are responsible for many different acute and chronic toxicities, including induction of cancer, mutagenicity, and many other toxic effects ranging from discomfort to death. With government regulations and routine monitoring of the food value chain, the risks of mycotoxins entering our food supplies have significantly reduced. However, due to the ubiquitous nature of mycotoxin producing fungi and