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John F. Morrison Phd Thesis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 'THE AFFIRMATION OF BEHAN?' AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE POLITICISATION PROCESS OF THE PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN MOVEMENT THROUGH AN ORGANISATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SPLITS FROM 1969 TO 1997 John F. Morrison A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2010 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3158 This item is protected by original copyright ‘The Affirmation of Behan?’ An Understanding of the Politicisation Process of the Provisional Irish Republican Movement Through an Organisational Analysis of Splits from 1969 to 1997. John F. Morrison School of International Relations Ph.D. 2010 SUBMISSION OF PHD AND MPHIL THESES REQUIRED DECLARATIONS 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, John F. Morrison, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 82,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2005 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. in May, 2007; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2005 and 2010. Date 25-Aug-10 Signature of candidate 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Ph.D. -
The Path to Revolutionary Violence Within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA
The Path to Revolutionary Violence within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA Edward Moran HIS 492: Seminar in History December 17, 2019 Moran 1 The 1960’s was a decade defined by a spirit of activism and advocacy for change among oppressed populations worldwide. While the methods for enacting change varied across nations and peoples, early movements such as that for civil rights in America were often committed to peaceful modes of protest and passive resistance. However, the closing years of the decade and the dawn of the 1970’s saw the patterned global spread of increasingly militant tactics used in situations of political and social unrest. The Weather Underground Organization (WUO) in America and the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Ireland, two such paramilitaries, comprised young activists previously involved in the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association (NICRA) respectively. What caused them to renounce the non-violent methods of the Students for a Democratic Society and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association for the militant tactics of the Weather Underground and Irish Republican Army, respectively? An analysis of contemporary source materials, along with more recent scholarly works, reveals that violent state reactions to more passive forms of demonstration in the United States and Northern Ireland drove peaceful activists toward militancy. In the case of both the Weather Underground and the Provisional Irish Republican Army in the closing years of the 1960s and early years of the 1970s, the bulk of combatants were young people with previous experience in more peaceful campaigns for civil rights and social justice. -
Memory, Place and Gender: Armagh Stories: Voices from the Gaol Cahal Mclaughlin, Memory Studies Journal, September 2017
Memory, Place and Gender: Armagh Stories: Voices from the Gaol Cahal McLaughlin, Memory Studies Journal, September 2017. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1750698017730872 Abstract The film Armagh Stories: Voices from the Gaol (2015)1 is a documentary film edited from the Prisons Memory Archive2 and offers perspectives from those who passed through Armagh Gaol, which housed mostly female prisoners during the political conflict in and about Northern Ireland, known as the Troubles. Armagh Stories is an attempt to represent the experiences of prison staff, prisoners, tutors, a solicitor, chaplain and doctor in ways that are ethically inclusive and aesthetically relevant. By reflecting on the practice of participatory storytelling and its reception in a society transitioning out of violence, I investigate how memory, place and gender combine to suggest ways of addressing the legacy of a conflicted past in a contested present. Keywords documentary film, female, performing memory, prison, Troubles Introduction The Prisons Memory Archive (PMA) is a collection of 175 filmed interviews recorded inside Armagh Gaol in 2006 and the Maze and Long Kesh Prison in 2007 (Figures 1 and 2). The protocols3 of co-ownership, inclusivity and life storytelling underpinned both the original recordings and subsequent film outputs that include Jolene Mairs Dyer’s (2011)4 Unseen Women and Laura Aguiar’s We Were There (2014).5 Funding was secured from the Community Relations Council’s Media Fund in 2015 to edit a 1-hour documentary on Armagh Goal, and two editors were employed over a 6-month period to work with me acting as director. Among the possible themes that can be excavated from the PMA’s 300 hours of audiovisual material, it was felt that since the representation of women in the Troubles has been particularly downplayed, foregrounding their experiences could help rebalance what is publicly available. -
Written Answers to Questions Official Report (Hansard)
Written Answers to Questions Official Report (Hansard) Friday 22 June 2012 Volume 76, No WA1 This publication contains the written answers to questions tabled by Members. The content of the responses is as received at the time from the relevant Minister or representative of the Assembly Commission and has not been subject to the official reporting process or changed in any way. Contents Written Answers to Questions Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister ................................................................... WA 1 Department of Agriculture and Rural Development ...................................................................... WA 5 Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure .................................................................................. WA 23 Department of Education ........................................................................................................ WA 27 Department for Employment and Learning ................................................................................ WA 36 Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment ...................................................................... WA 40 Department of the Environment ............................................................................................... WA 44 Department of Finance and Personnel ................................................................................... WA 115 Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety ......................................................... WA -
Socialist Fight No.10
Socialist Fight Issue No. 10 Autumn 2012 Price: Concessions: 50p, Waged: £2.00 €3 Editorial: “Basic national loyalty and patriotism” and the US proxy war in Syria Ali Zein Al-Abidin Al-barri, summarily murdered with 14 of his men by the FSA for defending Aleppo against pro- imperialist reaction funded by Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar in another US-sponsored counter-revolution in the region Page 10-11: The Counihan-Sanchez family; Page 24: What really is imperialism? Contents a story of Cameron’s Britain. By Farooq Sulehria. Page 2: Editorial: “Basic national loyalty Page 12: FREE The MOVE 9; Ona MOVE for Page 26: Thirty Years in a Turtle-Neck and patriotism” and the US proxy war. our Children! By Cinead D and Patrick Sweater, Review by Laurence Humphries. Page 4: Rank and file conference Conway Murphy. Page 27: Revolutionary communist at Hall 11th August, By Laurence Humphries. Page 13: Letters page, The French Elec- work: a political biography of Bert Ramel- Page 4: London bus drivers Olympics’ bo- tions. son, Review by Laurence Humphries. nus: Well done the drivers! - London GRL, Page 14: Response to Jim Creggan's By Ray Page 29: Queensland: Will the Unions Step On Diversions and ‘Total Victory’ By a Rising. Up? By Aggie McCallum – Australia London bus driver. Page 17: The imperialist degeneration of Page 30: LETTER FROM TPR TO LC AND Page 6: Questions from the IRPSG . sport, By Yuri Iskhandar and Humberto REPLY. Christian Armenteros and Hum- Page 7: REPORT OF THE MEETING AT THE Rodrigues. berto Rodrigues. IRISH EMBASSY 31st JULY 2012 Page 20: A materialist world-view, Face- Page 31: Cosatu – Tied to the Alliance and Page 8: Irish Left ignores plight of Irish book debate. -
LIST of POSTERS Page 1 of 30
LIST OF POSTERS Page 1 of 30 A hot August night’ feauturing Brush Shiels ‘Oh no, not Drumcree again!’ ‘Sinn Féin women demand their place at Irish peace talks’ ‘We will not be kept down easy, we will not be still’ ‘Why won’t you let my daddy come home?’ 100 years of Trade Unionism - what gains for the working class? 100th anniversary of Eleanor Marx in Derry 11th annual hunger strike commemoration 15 festival de cinema 15th anniversary of hunger strike 15th anniversary of the great Long Kesh escape 1690. Educate not celebrate 1969 - Nationalist rights did not exist 1969, RUC help Orange mob rule 1970s Falls Curfew, March and Rally 1980 Hunger Strike anniversary talk 1980 Hunger-Strikers, 1990 political hostages 1981 - 1991, H-block martyrs 1981 H-block hunger-strike 1981 hunger strikes, 1991 political hostages 1995 Green Ink Irish Book Fair 1996 - the Nationalist nightmare continues 20 years of death squads. Disband the murderers 200,000 votes for Sinn Féin is a mandate 21st annual volunteer Tom Smith commemoration 22 years in English jails 25 years - time to go! Ireland - a bright new dawn of hope and peace 25 years too long 25th anniversary of internment dividedsociety.org LIST OF POSTERS Page 2 of 30 25th anniversary of the introduction of British troops 27th anniversary of internment march and rally 5 reasons to ban plastic bullets 5 years for possessing a poster 50th anniversary - Vol. Tom Williams 6 Chontae 6 Counties = Orange state 75th anniversary of Easter Rising 75th anniversary of the first Dáil Éireann A guide to Irish history -
Queen V Duffy (Colin) and Shivers
Neutral Citation No. [2012] NICC 1 Ref: HAR8394 Judgment: approved by the Court for handing down Delivered: 20/1/2012 (subject to editorial corrections)* IN THE CROWN COURT IN NORTHERN IRELAND ________ ANTRIM CROWN COURT ________ THE QUEEN -v- COLIN FRANCIS DUFFY AND BRIAN PATRICK SHIVERS _______ SIR ANTHONY HART [1] Colin Francis Duffy and Brian Patrick Shivers are charged with two counts of murder, six counts of attempted murder, and one of possession of two firearms and ammunition with intent to endanger life arising out of an attack by two gunmen armed with automatic rifles on several soldiers who had emerged from the gates of Masserene Camp on the night of 7 March 2009 to collect pizzas they had ordered. As will be apparent from the actions of the gunmen they were determined to kill as many people as possible, not only the soldiers who were dressed in uniform, but the civilian drivers who were in the process of making the deliveries, and a civilian security guard. [2] On Saturday 7 March 2009 members of 25 Field Squadron, Royal Engineers stationed at Masserene Barracks on the outskirts of Antrim were due to deploy to Afghanistan. Because there was a delay in their departure some of the soldiers decided to order pizzas from Dominos Pizzas in Antrim. It was a very common practice for soldiers stationed at Masserene Barracks to ring various fast food outlets in Antrim and place an order. This would be delivered by car to the front gate of the camp where the soldiers would collect their order and pay the driver. -
THE APPARATUS of IMPUNITY? Human Rights Violations and the Northern Ireland Conflict: a Narrative of Official Limitations on Post-Agreement Investigative Mechanisms
THE APPARATUS OF IMPUNITY? Human rights violations and the Northern Ireland conflict: a narrative of official limitations on post-Agreement investigative mechanisms Committee on the Administration of Justice January 2015 The Apparatus of Impunity? Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) © Committee on the Administration of Justice January 2015 The material may be reproduced, free of charge, in any format or medium without specific permission, provided the reproduction is not for financial or material gain.The material must be reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. If the material is to be republished or issued to others, acknowledgement must be given to its source, copyright status, and date of publication. This publication is available on our website. CAJ Committee on the Administration of Justice 2nd Floor, Sturgen Building 9-15 Queen Street Belfast BT1 6EA Tel: 028 9031 6000 Fax: 028 9031 4583 [email protected] www.caj.org.uk ISBN 978 1 873285 94 7 The Apparatus of Impunity? Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) THE APPARATUS OF IMPUNITY? Human rights violations and the Northern Ireland conflict: a narrative of official limitations on post-Agreement investigative mechanisms Committee on the Administration of Justice January 2015 The Apparatus of Impunity? Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) Recent comments from key Council of Europe and UN human rights bodies in relation to existing mechanisms investigating the conflict in Northern Ireland: The absence of any plausible explanation for the failure to collect key evidence at the time when this was possible, and for attempts to even obstruct this process, should be treated with particular vigilance. -
Appendix List of Interviews*
Appendix List of Interviews* Name Date Personal Interview No. 1 29 August 2000 Personal Interview No. 2 12 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 3 18 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 4 6 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 5 16 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 6 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 7 18 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 8: Oonagh Marron (A) 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 9: Oonagh Marron (B) 23 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 10: Helena Schlindwein 28 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 11 30 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 12 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 13 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 14: Claire Hackett 7 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 15: Meta Auden 15 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 16 1 June 2000 Personal Interview Maggie Feeley 30 August 2005 Personal Interview No. 18 4 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 19: Marie Mulholland 27 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 20 3 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21A (joint interview) 23 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21B (joint interview) 23 February 2010 * Locations are omitted from this list so as to preserve the identity of the respondents. 203 Notes 1 Introduction: Rethinking Women and Nationalism 1 . I will return to this argument in a subsequent section dedicated to women’s victimisation as ‘women as reproducers’ of the nation. See also, Beverly Allen, Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1996); Alexandra Stiglmayer, (ed.), Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia- Herzegovina (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1994); Carolyn Nordstrom, Fieldwork Under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival (Berkeley: University of California, 1995); Jill Benderly, ‘Rape, feminism, and nationalism in the war in Yugoslav successor states’ in Lois West, ed., Feminist Nationalism (London and New Tork: Routledge, 1997); Cynthia Enloe, ‘When soldiers rape’ in Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives (Berkeley: University of California, 2000). -
Socialist Fight No.08
Socialist Fight Issue No. 8 Winter 2011/2012 Price: Concessions: 50p, Waged: £2.00 €3.00 Euro zone crisis—Morning Star warns of the ‘germanisation’ of Europe! Page 2 Contents Page 2: Editorial: Euro zone crisis—Morning Star warns of the ‘germanisation’ of Europe! Page 3: GRL Pages: London Busworkers under attack – Remove Unite RIO Wayne King By Gerry Downing. Page 4: GRL “We are not dogs” petition and campaign, URGENT- PINHEIRINHO UNDER ATTACK Page 5: Unite behind the sparks, Site Worker Report, Off with their heads (of agreement)! Page 7: The 2011 Summer Riots: Engels, the English working class and the difference from the thirties By Celia Ralph. Page 8: Leon Trotsky – As he should be known By Ret Marut. Page 9: A meeting with a Friend of Israel By Therese Peters Page 10: Two Salient points on the Libyan up-rising – in defence of vulnerable Libyans By Ella Downing. Page 10: International relations established with comrades in Argentina and Sri Lanka. Page 11: Defence of the Imperialist Nation State is a reactionary trap for the working class By AJ Byrne. Page 13: The framing of Michael McKevitt By Michael Holden. Page 14: Defend Civil Liberties: Political Status for Irish Republi- can Prisoners, — IRPSG. Page 15: Bloody Sunday March for Justice. Page 16: Letter to The Kilkenny People by Charlie Walsh. Page 17: Dale Farm Irish Travellers (Pavees) fight on By Tony Fox. Page 18: We are not the 99% By Ella Downing. Page 19: Engels "On Authority" By the Liga Comunista. Page 21: On consensus: from Murray Bookchin’s "What is Com- munalism? The Democratic Dimensions of Anarchism". -
Free Salameh Kaileh and All Socialist and Working Class Militants, No Support to the Syrian Counter-Revolution Led by the Free Syrian Army and Imperialism
Socialist Fight Issue No. 9 Summer 2012 Price: Concessions: 50p, Waged: £2.00, €3.00 Greece: Trotskyist class politics not anti-austerity Popular Frontism Contents Page 2: Editorial: Greece: Trotskyist class politics not anti- austerity Popular Frontism. Page 3: GRL Motion of Support to Construction R+F. Page 4: Diversion: Stuff the £500 Olympics bonus; Where We Stand – Socialist Fight EB. Page 5: Motion to the GRL NC on 12 May on the Labour party and Labour Representation Committee. Page 6: Leitrim woman is honoured by NICRA co-founder as the ‘prisoners’ friend’ IRPSG report. Page 7: Support Republican Prisoners - Join the Protests! Page 8: The framing of Michael McKevitt - Part two By Mi- chael Holden. Page 9: Fascists attack Irish March By Charlie Walsh. Page 10: Today, 14 May, is Thaer Halahleh's 77th day on The Libyan ‘revolution’, “... Lenin warned against pre- hunger strike. maturely confronting respected native institutions, Page 11: May Day Greetings from the LCFI to the Interna- tional Working Class. even when these clearly violated communist princi- Page 12: The Malvinas: the imperialist offensive in the ples and Soviet law. Instead he proposed to use the South Atlantic By the LCFI. Soviet state power to systematically undermine them Page 14: Cultural Imperialism; Ireland, Workers Power and while simultaneously demonstrating the superiority the Sparts By Gerry Downing. of Soviet institutions, a policy which had worked well Page 17: David North’s SEP; a backward, workerist/ against the powerful Russian Orthodox Church.” reductionalist political current By Tony Fox. Dale Ross (D. L. Reissner), ‘Women and Revolution', ‘Early Bolshevik Work Page 19: Tariq Mehanna’s powerful sentencing statement among Women of the Soviet East’ (Issue No. -
Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
Wednesday Volume 528 18 May 2011 No. 160 HOUSE OF COMMONS OFFICIAL REPORT PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) Wednesday 18 May 2011 £5·00 © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2011 This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Parliamentary Click-Use Licence, available online through The National Archives website at www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/our-services/parliamentary-licence-information.htm Enquiries to The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU; e-mail: [email protected] 323 18 MAY 2011 324 I am sure the Secretary of State will join me in House of Commons congratulating the Police Service of Northern Ireland and the Garda on the recent Northern Ireland weapons Wednesday 18 May 2011 finds in East Tyrone and South Armagh. Will he give an assurance that the amnesty previously offered under the decommissioning legislation to those handing in, The House met at half-past Eleven o’clock and in possession of, such weapons will no longer apply, and that anyone caught in possession of weapons will be brought before the courts and any evidence arising PRAYERS from examination of the weapons will be used in prosecutions? [MR SPEAKER in the Chair] Mr Paterson: I am grateful to the right hon. Gentleman for his question, and I entirely endorse his comments on the co-operation between the PSNI and the Garda and Oral Answers to Questions the recent arms finds in Tyrone. The amnesty to which he refers expired in February 2010, and we have no plans to reintroduce it. There is no place for arms in NORTHERN IRELAND today’s Northern Ireland.