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A Revision of Dorcoceras (Gesneriaceae) in Thailand

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A Revision of Dorcoceras (Gesneriaceae) in Thailand See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317365200 A revision of Dorcoceras (Gesneriaceae) in Thailand Article · January 2017 DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2017.45.1.03 CITATIONS READS 0 259 2 authors, including: David John Middleton Singapore Botanic Gardens 166 PUBLICATIONS 869 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Plant taxonomy View project Molecular Phylogenetics of Southeast Asian Syzygium (Myrtaceae), including a Taxonomic Review of the Genus for the Bird’s Head Peninsula, New Guinea – PhD project View project All content following this page was uploaded by David John Middleton on 19 June 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 45(1): 10–17. 2017. DOI: 10.20531/TFB.2017.45.1.03 A revision of Dorcoceras (Gesneriaceae) in Thailand CARMEN PUGLISI1,2 & DAVID J. MIDDLETON2 ABSTRACT The genus Dorcoceras Bunge in Thailand is revised. There are four species, including two new species, Dorcoceras brunneum C.Puglisi and Dorcoceras glabrum C.Puglisi. A key, descriptions, and proposed IUCN assessments are presented. KEYWORDS: Boea, conservation assessments, new species. Published online: 6 June 2017 INTRODUCTION Boea and Paraboea and abandoned the traditional distinction based on the fruit (twisted in Boea, straight Dorcoceras was described by Bunge in 1833 in Paraboea) in favour of new generic boundaries from a plant collected in China. It was initially based on the type of indumentum: simple hairs in included in the ‘Lentibularieae’, but associated Boea, ‘arachnoid’ hairs, sometimes intermixed with nonetheless with Boea, the genus of Gesneriaceae branched hairs, in Paraboea. With this change, many in which it was synonymised a few years later species of Boea were transferred to Paraboea, a (Brown, 1839 & 1840). Brown did not provide any conclusion supported by the molecular phylogenetic explanation in support of this synonymisation, either work by Puglisi et al. (2011). Studies focusing on the in the main publication of Plantae Javanicae Rariores species of Boea and Paraboea in Malaysia and (Brown, 1840), nor in its preprint (Brown, 1839). Thailand, led to the establishment of the segregate Despite the meticulous work carried out by Clarke genera Emarhendia Kiew, A.Weber & B.L.Burtt (1883) in his monograph of the Old World (Kiew et al., 1997), Senyumia Kiew, A.Weber & Gesneriaceae, the extent of the morphological B.L.Burtt (Kiew et al., 1997) and Kaisupeea (Burtt, variation within Boea was questioned only much 2001). Boea was eventually left as a genus with two later by Schlechter (1923). In his opinion, Boea, as distinct groups: Boea sensu stricto, centred in defined by Clarke (1883), was too heterogeneous Australasia and including the type B. magellanica, and needed to be divided into at least three natural and a small group of species from China and the groups: 1. the “proper” Boea, i.e. the species from Indochinese region, including Bunge’s Dorcoceras. New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Australia, Puglisi et al. (2016) tackled the morphological and including the type B. magellanica Lam.; 2. the Indo- genetic diversity observed in Boea, leading to the Malay species, currently ascribed to Paraboea resurrection of Dorcoceras to accommodate the (C.B.Clarke) Ridl. and Kaisupeea B.L.Burtt; 3. the distinctive Chinese and Indochinese species with a Chinese group, for which the old generic name corolla which is pale lilac, obliquely campanulate, Dorcoceras was resurrected. Schlechter’s work was ventricose, with reflexed upper lobes and a broad not followed by Pellegrin (1926), who wrote a throat. synopsis of the Indochinese Gesneriaceae with no mention of Dorcoceras, and by all other authors The floral characters are very stable across the thereafter. More recently, Burtt (1984) redefined genus, however species can be easily identified 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, U.K. 2 Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569. © 2017 The Forest Herbarium A REVISION OF DORCOCERAS (GESNERIACEAE) IN THAILAND (C. PUGLISI & D.J. MIDDLETON) 11 through their vegetative features and especially the gazetteers. Estimated AOO and EOO for the proposed indumentum. All of the species of Dorcoceras are IUCN assessment were calculated in Geocat rosulate and can exhibit one or more of three main (Bachman et al., 2011). types of indumentum: gland-tipped multicellular hairs, eglandular multicellular hairs (both of these TAXONOMIC TREATMENT hair types variable in length and thickness), and sessile glands. While the sessile glands are charac- teristic of and exclusive to Dorcoceras wallichii, the Dorcoceras Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor.: 128. 1833. multicellular hair types can be hard to distinguish Type species: Dorcoceras hygrometricum Bunge. as the tips easily break off in dry specimens. Rosulate herbs. Leaves spirally arranged (or Towards a revision of the Gesneriaceae for the opposite in China), petiolate or sessile; lamina with Flora of Thailand, the genus Dorcoceras in Thailand a glandular or eglandular indumentum on the abaxial has been revised. Two new species are described. surface, adaxial surface eglandular hairy or some- times glabrous. Inflorescence axillary, cymose or at least ending in a cyme. Calyx with five sepals, almost MATERIALS AND METHODS free. Corolla pale purple to purple, obliquely Specimens of Dorcoceras were studied from campanulate, ventricose, with a broad throat; upper the herbaria AAU, ABD, BK, BKF, BM, C, E, G, lobes reflexed.Stamens 2, filaments straight, anthers K, K-W, L, MO, P, QBG, SING, TI (codes from attached to filaments at point of thecae divergence, Thiers, continuously updated). Additionally, living coherent; staminodes 3, reduced. Ovary glabrous or and spirit material from the Royal Botanic Garden with some indumentum, unilocular with 2 parietal Edinburgh was examined. Measurements of the placentae, ovules many; stigma bilabiate or capitate. vegetative parts and of the fruit were taken from dry Fruit a twisted capsule, orthocarpic, bivalved, specimens, while flowers were measured, whenever dehiscing longitudinally. Seeds small, brown and possible, from fresh, pickled or rehydrated samples. elliptic. Measurements should be considered accurate to 0.1 Six species from India, Myanmar, China, mm. Collections without GPS coordinates were Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines georeferenced using Google Earth v. 7.1.1.1580 beta and Indonesia. In Thailand four species. (Google Inc., 2013) or other online resources and KEY TO THE THAI SPECIES OF DORCOCERAS 1. Lamina glabrous adaxially; inflorescence with paired flowers along the main axis 3. D. glabrum 1. Lamina with indumentum on the adaxial surface; inflorescence cymose throughout 2. Sessile glands present on the abaxial leaf surface; lamina to 6 cm long 4. D. wallichii 2. Sessile glands absent from the abaxial leaf surface; lamina 2.3–15 cm long 3. Rusty brown indumentum on the abaxial leaf surface; lamina 3–11 times as long as wide 1. D. brunneum 3. Colourless indumentum on the abaxial leaf surface; lamina 1.5–3.8 times as long as wide 2. D. geoffrayi 1. Dorcoceras brunneum C.Puglisi, sp. nov. Suddee & Triboun 5283 (holotype E; isotypes BK, BKF, E, SING). Fig. 1. Most similar to Dorcoceras wallichii in general facies and particularly in leaf shape but differs in Rosulate herb. Leaves sessile or shortly peti- the indumentum colour and lack of glands on the olate, with petiole up to 1 cm long; lamina 4–10 × lower surface of the leaf. Also similar to Dorcoceras 0.5–2 cm, 3–11 times as long as wide, narrowly geoffrayi in the distribution of indumentum on the elliptic to spathulate, apex acute, base attenuate, plant and inflorescence structure, but differing in the margin irregularly serrulate or finely serrate; adaxial rusty brown indumentum on the abaxial leaf surface surface mid-green with scattered multicellular, (pale in D. geoffrayi) and the generally longer, colourless to brown eglandular hairs; abaxial side narrower leaves. Type: Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Sai paler, with an eglandular indumentum of a rusty- Yok, Wat Phrom Moli Lok, 130 m, 14°12’12”N, brown colour, especially abundant along the veins 99°8’0”E, 7 Aug. 2012, fl., fr.,Middleton, Karaket, and by the apex; 2–4 pairs of secondary veins, 12 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 45 NO. 1 smooth or depressed on the adaxial surface, raised white, ca 1 mm long; anthers yellow, more or less on the abaxial, tertiary venation seldom visible. rounded, ca 1 mm long and 2.5 mm across; staminodes Inflorescence a cyme, 3–12-flowered, with an indu- 3, the laterals less than 0.5 mm long, the central ca mentum of mixed eglandular and gland-tipped hairs; 1 mm long. Ovary pale green, ca 3 mm long, with peduncles 9–15 cm long, brown; bracts 2–3 mm long, gland-tipped hairs; style white, ca 4 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, narrowly lanceolate, apex rounded, slightly bent downwards, glabrous; stigma capitate. hirsute on the abaxial surface, glabrous on the adaxial; Capsule strongly twisted, 1.5–2.5 cm long, with pedicels 0.3–3 cm long, white, predominantly with scattered glandular hairs. Seeds not seen. gland-tipped hairs and sporadic eglandular indu- Thailand.— SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi mentum. Calyx with free, lanceolate sepals, 1.5–3 [Mueang Kanchanaburi, 2 June 2000, Triboun 1669 × 0.5–1 mm, apex finely obtuse, with sparse glandular (E); Sadong Game Reserve, ca 100 m, 18 Nov. 1970, and eglandular hairs on the outer side, glabrous on Smitinand 11360 (BKF, E); Wongkanui, 16 June the inside. Corolla broadly campanulate, thickened 1927, Kerr 12948 (cult) (BK, BM); Sai Yok, Wat at the base of the two upper lobes, pale purple, with Phrom Moli Lok, 130 m, 7 Aug. 2012, Middleton the ventral surface white, externally glandular hairy et al. 5283 (BKF, E)]. especially laterally and ventrally, glabrous inside; tube 4–6 mm long; upper two lobes rounded, ca 4 × Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand (but not 3.5–4 mm, lateral lobes elliptic, 4–5 × 5–8 mm, far from the Myanmar border).
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