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A Rapid Biodiversity Survey of Papua New Guinea’S Manus and Mussau Islands

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A Rapid Biodiversity Survey of Papua New Guinea’S Manus and Mussau Islands A Rapid Biodiversity Survey of Papua New Guinea’s Manus and Mussau Islands edited by Nathan Whitmore Published by: Wildlife Conservation Society Papua New Guinea Program PO BOX 277, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province PAPUA NEW GUINEA Tel: +675-532-3494 www.wcs.org Editor: Nathan Whitmore. Authors: Ken P. Aplin, Arison Arihafa, Kyle N. Armstrong, Richard Cuthbert, Chris J. Müller, Junior Novera, Stephen J. Richards, William Tamarua, Günther Theischinger, Fanie Venter, and Nathan Whitmore. The Wildlife Conservation Society is a private, not-for-profit organisation exempt from federal income tax under section 501c(3) of the Inland Revenue Code. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Criticial Ecosystems Partnership Fund, nor the Papua New Guinean Department of Environment or Conservation. Suggested citation: Whitmore N. (editor) 2015. A rapid biodiversity survey of Papua New Guinea’s Manus and Mussau Islands. Wildlife Conservation Society Papua New Guinea Program. Goroka, PNG. ISBN: 978-0-9943203-1-5 Front cover Image: Fanie Venter: cliffs of Mussau. ©2015 Wildlife Conservation Society A rapid biodiversity survey of Papua New Guinea’s Manus and Mussau Islands. Edited by Nathan Whitmore Table of Contents Participants i Acknowledgements iii Organisational profiles iv Letter of support v Foreword vi Executive summary vii Introduction 1 Chapters 1: Plants of Mussau Island 4 2: Butterflies of Mussau Island (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) 21 3: Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) of Manus and Mussau Islands 27 4: Herpetofauna of Manus and Mussau Islands 31 5: Birds of Mussau Island 38 6: Mammals of Manus and Mussau Islands 50 7: Acoustic survey of the echolocating bats of Manus and Mussau Islands 69 Wildlife Conservation Society Participants Yazid Abdad John Par Kagl (Zoonotic diseases) (Community engagement) Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research WCS Papua New Guinea PO Box 60 PO Box 277 Goroka Goroka Eastern Highlands Province Eastern Highlands Province Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Email: [email protected] or y.abdad@hotmail. Email: [email protected] com Pondra Kelly Ken P. Aplin (Boat driver) (Mammals) WCS Papua New Guinea Division of Mammals Lorengau National Museum of Natural History Manus Province Smithsonian Institution Papua New Guinea P.O. Box 37012, MRC 108 Washington, D.C. 20013–7012 Glenn Kroning USA (Boat driver) Email: [email protected] or [email protected] PNG Institute of Medical Research Kavieng Arison Arihafa New Ireland Province (Plants) Papua New Guinea WCS Papua New Guinea PO Box 277 Ben Lian Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province (Logistics, community engagement) Papua New Guinea WCS Papua New Guinea Email: [email protected] Lorengau Manus Province Kyle N. Armstrong Papua New Guinea (Bats) Email: [email protected] Specialised Zoological 7 Palmerston Road, Unley Bernard Maul South Australia 5061 (Community engagement) Australia WCS Papua New Guinea Email: [email protected] Kavieng New Ireland Province Bryan Ausung Papua New Guinea (Community engagement) WCS Papua New Guinea Chris Müller Lorengau (Butterflies) Manus Province Department of Biological Sciences, Papua New Guinea Macquarie University Sydney, 2109, Richard Cuthbert Australia (Birds) Email: [email protected] WCS Papua New Guinea PO Box 277 Junior Novera Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province (Mammals) Papua New Guinea PNG Institute of Biological Research mail: [email protected] PO Box 1550 Goroka Kaumi Grappa Eastern Highlands Province (Community engagement) Papua New Guinea WCS Papua New Guinea [email protected] Kavieng New Ireland Province Papua New Guinea A rapid biodiversity survey of Papua New Guinea’s Manus and Mussau Islands i David Posa (Community engagement) WCS Papua New Guinea Lorengau Manus Province Papua New Guinea Stephen Richards (Herpetofauna, Odonata) Department of Herpetology South Australian Museum North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia Email: [email protected] Sinafa Robby (Zoonotic diseases) Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research PO Box 60 Goroka Eastern Highlands Province Papua New Guinea Email: [email protected] William Tamarua (Odonata) WCS Papua New Guinea PO Box 277 Goroka Eastern Highlands Province Papua New Guinea Email: [email protected] Gunther Theischinger (Odonata) NSW Department of Premier and Cabinet Office of Environment and Heritage PO Box 29, Lidcombe, NSW 1825 Australia Email:[email protected] This report is dedicated to the memory of our colleague, David Posa, who passed away as this report was being Fanie Venter prepared. David was a young man who worked as a WCS (Plants) Community Facilitator on Manus. He participated in many Australian Tropical Herbarium WCS community projects and biodiversity surveys including Sir Robert Norman Building (E2) the Manus-Mussau expedition of 2014. James Cook University Cairns Campus MacGregor Road David, wen iau hepke lindriam eh mburiam masih irpoh Smithfield, QLD 4878 porndro wu!! Australia Yowu masih topo hangorwen wou! Email: [email protected] Pa awet a nukwue ra bona papalum u paitia! Tuk da’at a Nathan Whitmore war barat mulai! (Project coordinator, expedition leader) WCS Papua New Guinea PO Box 277 Goroka Eastern Highlands Province Papua New Guinea Email: [email protected] ii Wildlife Conservation Society Acknowledgements Many people and organisations helped to facilitate the 2014 WCS biodiversity surveys of Manus and Mussau. First and foremost we are most grateful to CEPF for their financial support, without which the project could not have been undertaken. We would especially like to thank Jack Tordoff of CEPF for his input and guidance. We are also grateful to the Department of Environment and Conservation, and the Provincial Governments of Manus, and New Ireland for granting us the necessary approvals and permits, and for supporting our work in the region. This survey also would not have been possible without the support, aid and goodwill of the leaders, councillors, and residents of Tulu 1 and Piri on Manus; and Nae and Lolieng on Mussau. Over one hundred and twenty local people participated in the establishment of the camps and/or assisted with specimen collection, and directly contributed to the success of the survey. Thanks also goes to the staff and crew of the M.V. Pationg and M.V. Kavieng who organised for our safe return from Mussau during a night passage which could be best described as nerve-racking. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of the support crew and other colleagues in helping with the logistics, prior community work, design and copy editing of this document especially: Julian Benjamin, Lisa Capon, Daniel Charles, Centy Gerson, John Kuange, Max Kudak, John Lamarais, John Ole, June Polomon, Annisah Sapul, Lilly Ugi, Junior Walker, Marygrace Wanamp-Puri, and Wallace Takendu. A rapid biodiversity survey of Papua New Guinea’s Manus and Mussau Islands iii Organisational profiles Criticial Ecosysytems Partnership Fund www.cepf.net The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is designed to safeguard the world’s biologically richest and most threatened regions, known as biodiversity hotspots. It is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International (CI), the European Commission, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the World Bank. A fundamental purpose of CEPF is to engage civil society, such as community groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), academic institutions and private enterprises, in biodiversity conservation in the hotspots. To guarantee their success, these efforts must complement existing strategies and programs of national governments and other conservation funders. To this end, CEPF promotes working alliances among diverse groups, combining unique capacities and reducing duplication of efforts for a comprehensive, coordinated approach to conservation. One way in which CEPF does this is through preparation of “ecosystem profiles” — shared strategies, developed in consultation with local stakeholders, which articulate a five-year investment strategy informed by a detailed situational analysis. Papua New Guinea Conservation and Environment Protection Authority (formerly Papua New Guinea Department of Environment and Conservation) www.dec.gov.pg The Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) was vested with powers to protect environmental values and for the sustainable use of natural resources as mandated by the Fourth Goal of the PNG National Constitution. Its mission was to ensure PNG’s natural resources were managed to sustain environmental quality, human wellbeing and support improved standards of living. The Directive Principles of DEC included the wise use of natural resources and the environment in the interest of development and in trust for future generations, the conservation and replenishment of the environment and its sacred, scenic and historical qualities, and giving adequate protection to PNG’s unique plants and animals. In January 2015, the PNG Government set up a new Conservation and Environment Protection Authority which now replaces the Department of Environment and Conservation as the government agency responsible for administering and safeguarding the environment. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) www.wcspng.org and www.wcs.org The Wildlife Conservation Society is a US nonprofit, tax-exempt,
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