Version 2, 2015 United States Fish and Wildlife Service Lower Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office

1 Atherinidae Atherinidae

Sand Smelt Distinguishing Features:

— (Atherina boyeri) — Sand Smelt (Non-native)

Old WorldOld Silversides WorldOld Silversides (Atherina boyeri) Two widely separated dorsal fins Eye wider than Silver color snout length

39-49 lateral line scales 2 anal spines, 13-15.5 rays Rainbow Smelt (Non -Native) (Osmerus mordax) No dorsal spines Pale green dorsally Single dorsal with adipose fin

Coloring: Silver Elongated, pointed snout No anal spines Size: Length: up to 145mm SL Pink/purple/blue iridescence on sides Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal spines (total): 7-10 Brook Silverside (Native)  1 spine, 10-11 rays Dorsal soft rays (total): 8-16 (Labidesthes sicculus) 4 spines  Anal spines: 2  Anal soft rays: 13-15.5  Eye diameter wider than snout length Habitat: Pelagic in lakes, slow or still waters Similar Species: Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax), 75-80 lateral line scales Brook Silverside (Labidesthes sicculus) Elongated anal fin Images are not to scale 2 3 Centrarchidae Centrarchidae

Redear Sunfish Distinguishing Features: (Lepomis microlophus) Redear Sunfish (Non-native)

— —

Sunfishes (Lepomis microlophus) Sunfishes

Red on

opercular flap

No iridescent lines on cheek Long, pointed pectoral fins

Bluegill (Native) Dark blotch at base (Lepomis macrochirus) of dorsal fin

No red on opercular flap

Coloring:  Brownish-green to gray Blue-purple iridescence on cheek  Bright red outer margin on opercular flap Size: Length: up to 432mm TL; weight: up to 220.0g Pumpkinseed (Native) Distinguishing Features: (Lepomis gibbosus)  Dorsal spines: 10-11  Anal spines: 3 Red crescent on  Pectoral rays: 13-14 opercular flap  Pectoral fins taper to a terminal point  Pectoral fins greater than a athirst of the length typically found in sunfish Habitat: Demersal; warm and calm or stagnant waters Similar Species: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), Wavy, iridescent Bright copper or gold Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) lines on cheek spots on sides Images are not to scale 4 5 Clupeidae Clupeidae

Caspian Shad Distinguishing Features:

— —

Herrings, Shads,Herrings, Sardines, Menhadens (Alosa caspia) Shads,Herrings, Sardines, Menhadens Caspian Shad (Non-native) (Alosa caspia) Black spot after gills, sometimes along sides Distinct median notch in upper jaw

Poorly developed or missing teeth Prominent keel

Gizzard Shad (Native) (Dorosoma cepedianum)

Elongated last dorsal ray

Coloring: No teeth  Blue to green dorsally  Silver to copper on sides  Black spot posterior to gill opening and occasionally further spots on sides Size: Length: up to 280mm SL Distinguishing Features: Long anal fin, 25-36 rays  Dorsal spines: 0 Alewife (Non-native)  Anal spines: 0 (Alosa pseudoharengus)  Body ‘shad-like’, usually rather deep and compressed 12-16 (usually 13-14) dorsal rays  Total gill rakers 50 to 180, long and thin, distinctly longer Upper jaw extends past than filaments lower jaw when closed  Teeth poorly developed in jaws, sometimes barely detectable Habitat: Pelagic-neritic; freshwater and brackish; occurs chiefly in brackish water, but enters freshwaters to spawn Similar Species: Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), Few, small teeth Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) 15-19 (usually 17-18) anal rays Images are not to scale 6 7 Clupeidae Clupeidae

Black Sea Shad Distinguishing Features:

— —

Herrings, Shads,Herrings, Sardines, Menhadens (Alosa immaculata) Shads,Herrings, Sardines, Menhadens Black Sea Shad (Non-native) (Alosa immaculata) Body more elongate than typical shad

Well-developed teeth

Gizzard Shad (Native) (Dorosoma cepedianum)

Elongated last dorsal ray

No teeth Coloring:  Green to blue dorsally  Silvery on sides  Dark spot posterior to gills Size: Length: up to 350mm SL Long anal fin, 25-36 rays Distinguishing Features: Alewife (Non-native)  Dorsal spines: 0 (Alosa pseudoharengus)  Anal spines: 0 12-16 (usually 13-14) dorsal rays  Body fairy elongate, more ‘herring-like’ than ‘shad-like’ Upper jaw extends past  Gill rakers rather thin, longer than branchial filaments lower jaw when closed  Teeth well developed in both jaws Habitat: Pelagic-neritic; freshwater, brackish, and marine; depth range: 3-90m Similar Species: Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) Few, small teeth 15-19 (usually 17-18) anal rays Images are not to scale 8 9 Clupeidae Clupeidae

Black Sea Tyulka Distinguishing Features:

— —

Herrings, Shads,Herrings, Sardines, Menhadens (Clupeonella cultriventris) Shads,Herrings, Sardines, Menhadens Black Sea Tyulka (Non-native) (Clupeonella cultriventris) 13-21 Dorsal rays

Body more elongate 12-13 Anal rays, than typical shad last 2 enlarged Gizzard Shad (Native) (Dorosoma cepedianum)

Elongated last dorsal ray

No teeth

Coloring: Silver Size: Length: up to 80mm SL Long anal fin, 25-36 rays Distinguishing Features: Alewife (Non-native)  Dorsal rays: 13-21 (Alosa pseudoharengus)  Anal rays: 12-23 12-16 (usually 13-14) dorsal rays  Last two anal rays enlarged Upper jaw extends past  Pectoral fin tips pointed lower jaw when closed  Belly sharply keeled, with 24 to 29 scutes  49-62 gill rakers Habitat: Pelagic-neritic Similar Species: Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), Few, small teeth Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) 15-19 (usually 17-18) anal rays Images are not to scale 10 11 Cottidae Cottidae

European Bullhead Distinguishing Features:

— —

Sculpins (Cottus gobio) Sculpins European Bullhead (Non-native) (Cottus gobio)

More mottled coloring Lateral line ending at caudal fin

Large, round pectoral fins

Mottled Sculpin (Native) Coloring: (Cottus bairdii)  Irregular dark brown markings on back and sides  Pale underside Size: Length: up to 90mm SL Dark spots at ends of first dorsal fin 17-19 dorsal rays Distinguishing Features: 6-9 dorsal spines  Dorsal spines (total): 6-8  Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-18  Anal spines: 0  Anal soft rays: 10-13  Caudal rays: 13-14  Large, rounded pectoral fins resembling wings when at rest on bottom  Eyes located almost on top of the head Lateral line ends under the front of Habitat: Demersal; freshwater and brackish the second dorsal fin Similar Species: Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdii)

Images are not to scale 12 13 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Bleak Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Alburnus alburnus) Carps Minnows, Bleak (Non-native) (Alburnus alburnus) 48-53 Total lateral line scales

Overall silver color 17-20 anal branched rays

Emerald Shiner (Native) (Notropis atherinoides)

Iridescent light green back

Coloring: Silver Size: Length: up to 160mm SL Distinguishing Features:  48-51 total lateral line scales  Anal branched rays: 17-20.5  Caudal rays: 19 Habitat: Benthopelagic; adults occur in shoals near the surface 10-13 Anal rays Scales easily rubbed off and in open waters of lakes and rivers Similar Species: Emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides)

Images are not to scale 14 15 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Silver Carp Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Carps Minnows, Silver Carp (Non-native) (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

1-3 simple rays, 6-7 branched rays

Eye positioned below mouth 1-3 anal spines, 10-14 rays

Coloring: Pale coloration, olivaceus along dorsal side and whitish on ventral surface Alewife (Non-native) Size: Length: up to 1000mm SL (Alosa pseudoharengus) Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal simple rays: 1-3 Upper jaw extends past 12-16 (usually 13-14) dorsal rays  Dorsal branched rays: 6-7 lower jaw when closed  Edge of last simple dorsal ray not serrated  Anal simple rays: 1-3  Anal branched rays 12-13.5  Barbels absent  Sharp, scaleless keel extends from isthmus to anus Habitat: Benthopelagic; freshwater; standing to slow-flowing conditions such as impoundments or the backwaters of large Few, small teeth 15-19 (usually 17-18) anal rays rivers Similar Species: Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Images are not to scale 16 17 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Bighead Carp Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Carps Minnows, Bighead Carp (Non-native) (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)

3 dorsal simple rays, 7 branched rays

Eye positioned below mouth 1-3 anal simple rays 12-14 branched rays

Alewife (Non-native) (Alosa pseudoharengus) Coloring: Dark with large irregular blotches, fin bases and ventral side lighter in color Size: Length: up to 1460mm SL; weight: up to 40kg Upper jaw extends past 12-16 (usually 13-14) dorsal rays Distinguishing Features: lower jaw when closed  Dorsal simple rays: 3  Dorsal branched rays: 7  Posterior margin of last simple dorsal ray not serrated  Anal simple rays 1-3  Anal branched rays: 12-14  Branched anal rays 13-14.5  Scaled keel extends from pelvic base to anus Few, small teeth 15-19 (usually 17-18) anal rays Habitat: Benthopelagic; freshwater Similar Species: Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Images are not to scale 18 19 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Sun Bleak Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Leucaspius delineatus) Carps Minnows, Sun Bleak (Non-native) (Leucaspius delineatus)

Anal fin longer than dorsal fin 2-3 dorsal simple rays, 7-9 branched rays

Sharp, scaled keel

Coloring:  Large, silvery scales Emerald Shiner (Native)  Inconspicuous intense silvery band along each side (Notropis atherinoides) Size: Length: up to 90mm SL Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal simple rays: 2-3 Iridescent light green back Scales easily rubbed off  Dorsal branched rays: 7-9  Anal simple rays: 3  Anal branched rays: 10-13  Superior mouth  Lateral line incomplete with 8-12 pored scales  Sharp, scaled keel between pelvic fins and anus  Scales are very loosely attaches and fall away if fish is handled Habitat: Pelagic; found between weeds in shallow pools, creeks, No keel lakes, peat and clay excavations, and canals Similar Species: Emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides) Images are not to scale 20 21 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

European Chub Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Squalius cephalus) Carps Minnows, European Chub (Non-native) (Squalius cephalus)

3 dorsal simple rays, 7-9 branched rays

3 anal simple rays, 7-10 branched rays Orange-red pelvic and anal fins

Coloring: Creek Chub (Native)  Brown (Semotilus atromaculatus)  Orange-red pelvic and anal fins

Size: Length: up to 600mm SL; weight: up to 8.0kg No dorsal spines, fewer Distinguishing Features: Dark spot on anterior base of dorsal fin than 10 dorsal rays  Dorsal simple rays: 3  Dorsal branches rays: 7-9  Anal simple rays: 3  Anal branched rays: 7-10  Caudal rays: 19  Discontinuity between head and trunk in dorsal profile  Terminal mouth Large, hooked tubercles Habitat: Benthopelagic; adults occur in creeks and fast flowing on head rivers, occasionally in lakes Similar Species: Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus)

Images are not to scale 22 23 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Common Dace Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Leuciscus leuciscus) Carps Minnows, Common Dace (Non-native) (Leuciscus leuciscus)

2-3 dorsal simple rays, 7-9 branched rays

42-53 scales in lateral line

3 anal simple rays, Concave anal fin 8-9 branched rays

Silver Chub (Native) (Macrhybopsis storeriana) Coloring: Silver Size: Length: up to 250mm SL; weight: up to 1.0kg Distinguishing Features: Less than 10 dorsal rays  Dorsal simple rays: 2-3 35-41 scales in lateral line  Dorsal branched rays: 7-9  Anal simple rays: 3  Anal branched rays: 8-9  Anal fin concave  Caudal fin rays: 19  Total lateral line scales 42-53  Subterminal mouth Terminal barbel on either side of mouth 7-8 anal rays Habitat: Benthopelagic; prefers upper reach of rivers and clear, cool lakes Similar Species: Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana)

Images are not to scale 24 25 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Eurasian Minnow Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Phoxinus phoxinus) Carps Minnows, Eurasian Minnow (Non-native) (Phoxinus phoxinus) 3 dorsal simple rays, 6-8 branched rays

3 anal simple rays, 6-8 branched rays

Blacknose Dace (Native) (Rhinichthys atratulus)

Coloring:  Greenish-brown back  Darker spots that form a ‘banded’ effect 8 dorsal rays Size: Length: up to 100mm SL Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal simple rays: 3  Dorsal branched rays: 6-8  Anal simple rays: 3  Anal branched rays: 6-8  Anal fin origin in front of base of last dorsal ray Black stripe through eye 7 anal rays Habitat: Demersal; lives in cold, running or still, yet well oxygen- and onto nose ated, waters over gravel substrate Similar Species: Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus)

Images are not to scale 26 27 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Roach Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Rutilus rutilus) Carps Minnows, Roach (Non-native) (Rutilus rutilus) 3 dorsal simple rays, 9-12 branched rays

41-44 scales in lateral line Terminal mouth

Eye yellow in juveniles, red in adults 3 anal simple rays, 9-13 branched rays

Coloring:  Silver Common Rudd (Non-native)  Orange-red pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) Size: Length: up to 500mm SL; weight: up to 1,840.0g 8-9 dorsal rays Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal simple rays: 3  Dorsal branched rays: 9-12 39-42 scales in lateral line  Anal simple rays: 3  Anal branched rays: 9-13  Caudal rays: 18-19  41-44 total scales in lateral line  Terminal mouth  Pointed snout Yellow eye Habitat: Benthopelagic; adults inhabit still or slow-flowing, 8-12 anal rays muddy waters Similar Species: Common Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)

Images are not to scale 28 29 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae

Tench Distinguishing Features:

- -

Minnows, Carps Minnows, (Tinca tinca) Carps Minnows, Tench (Non-native) (Tinca tinca) 4 dorsal simple rays, 8-9 branched rays

Almost rounded caudal fin Red-orange eye

Barbel at each mouth corner 3-4 anal simple rays, Coloring: 6-8 branched rays  Olive-green, at times dark green or almost black  Golden reflections on ventral surface  Dark fins Bigmouth Buffalo (Native)  Eye orange-red, small (Ictiobus cyprinellus) Size: Length: up to 700mm SL; weight: up to 7.5kg Distinguishing Features: 24-32 dorsal rays  Dorsal simple rays: 4  Dorsal branched rays: 8-9 No barbels  Anal simple rays: 3-4  Anal branched rays: 6-8  96-115 total lateral line scales  Caudal peduncle characteristically deep and short  Mouth terminal, small in size with thick lips  Pair of well-developed maxillary barbels Habitat: Demersal; adults inhabit warm lakes and pools with 34-39 scales in lateral line Forked caudal fin weed and mud bottom 8-10 anal rays Similar Species: Bigmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus)

Images are not to scale 30 31 Cyprinodontidae Cyprinodontidae

Mediterranean Toothcarp Distinguishing Features: (Aphanius fasciatus) Mediterranean Toothcarp (Non-native)

— (Aphanius fasciatus) —

Pupfishes Pupfishes

8-17 dark bars on sides 24-29 scales in lateral line

14-15 pectoral rays 9 anal rays

Coloring: Banded Killifish (Native)  Silvery (Fundulus diaphanus)  Yellow to yellow-orange caudal fin with possible dark submarginal bar 10-13 dorsal rays  Males: 8-15 dark blue to gray bars 12-20 narrow bars on sides  Females: 11-17 short dark brown bars, grayish midlateral stripe Size: Length: up to 60mm SL Distinguishing Features:  Anal soft rays: 9  Pectoral rays: 14-15 39-43 scales in lateral line Rounded caudal fin  24-29 total lateral line scales Habitat: Demersal; freshwater, brackish, and marine; occurs in 9-11 anal rays ponds, ditches, and swamps Similar Species: Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanous) Images are not to scale

32 33 Gasterosteidae Gasterosteidae

Ukrainian Stickleback Distinguishing Features: (Pungitius platygaster) Ukrainian Stickleback (Non-native) — (Pungitius platygaster) —

Sticklebacks Sticklebacks 8-11 dorsal spines Caudal peduncle without keel

Lateral scutes

Brook Stickleback (Native) (Culaea inconstans)

4-6 dorsal spines 9-11 dorsal rays

9-11 pectoral rays 1 anal spine, Coloring: 9-10 rays  Gray to light brown Ninespine Stickleback (Native)  Brown blotches (Pungitius pungitius) Size: Length: up to 60mm SL Caudal peduncle wider Distinguishing Features: 9-13 dorsal rays 7-11 free spines than deep  Dorsal spines: 8-11  Side of caudal peduncle without keel  Large lateral scutes Habitat: Benthopelagic; freshwater and brackish Similar Species: Brook Stickleback (Culaea inconstans), Keel on caudal peduncle, formed by scutes Ninespine Stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) Images are not to scale 34 35 Gobiidae Gobiidae

Starry Tadpole-goby Distinguishing Features:

— —

Gobies (Benthophilus stellatus) Gobies Starry Tadpole-goby (Non-native) (Benthophilus stellatus)

Body covered with rows of small spines and tubercles

First dorsal has 3 spines Conspicuous barbell on chin

Round Goby (Non-native) (Neogobius melanostomus) Black spot posterior edge 7-8 dorsal spines, 12-17 rays of first dorsal

Coloring:  Light gray to sandy or reddish brown  Visible dark spots on body and head Size: Length: up to 117mm SL Distinguishing Features: 1 anal spine, 9-14 rays  First dorsal spines: 3 45-54 scales in lateral line  Origin of second dorsal in front of anal origin Tubenose Goby (Non-native)  Body covered with small spines and round osseous tubercles (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 7-8 dorsal spines,  27-30 tubercles in ventral row 14-18 rays  Single tubercle between eyes Elongated nostril that extends over  Wide skin fold at side of mouth lip  Conspicuous barbel on chin Habitat: Demersal; freshwater and brackish Similar Species: Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 1 anal spine, 12-15 rays Images are not to scale 36 37 Gobiidae Gobiidae

Caucasian Dwarf Goby Distinguishing Features:

— —

Gobies (Knipowitschia caucasica) Gobies Caucasian Dwarf Goby (Non-native) (Knipowitschia caucasica)

7 dorsal spines, 7-9 rays

1 anal spine, 7-9 rays Round Goby (Non-native) (Neogobius melanostomus) Black spot posterior edge 7-8 dorsal spines, 12-17 rays of first dorsal

Coloring:  Brown  Vertical stripes Size: Length: up to 50mm SL 1 anal spine, 9-14 rays Distinguishing Features: 45-54 scales in lateral line  Dorsal spines (total): 7  Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-9 Tubenose Goby (Non-native) (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 7-8 dorsal spines,  Anal spines: 1 14-18 rays  Anal soft rays: -7 9 Elongated nostril  31-38 total lateral line scales that extends over Habitat: Demersal; inhabits fresh to hyper-saline shallow waters lip of lakes, estuaries and lagoons, with abundant vegetation Similar Species: Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 1 anal spine, 12-15 rays Images are not to scale 38 39 Gobiidae Gobiidae

Longtail Dwarf Goby Distinguishing Features:

— —

Gobies (Knipowitschia longecaudata) Gobies Longtail Goby (Non-native) (Knipowitschia longecaudata)

6-8 dorsal spines, 7-9 rays

1 anal spine, 33-40 scales in lateral line 8-9 rays

Round Goby (Non-native) (Neogobius melanostomus) Black spot posterior edge 7-8 dorsal spines, 12-17 rays of first dorsal

Coloring:  Body grayish to fawn  Breeding males with 4-5 darks bars

Size: Length: up to 40mm SL 1 anal spine, 9-14 rays Distinguishing Features: 45-54 scales in lateral line  Dorsal spines (total): 6-8 Tubenose Goby (Non-native)  Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-9 (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 7-8 dorsal spines,  Anal spines: 1 14-18 rays  Anal soft rays: -8 9 Elongated nostril  Upper portion of caudal fin longer than lower portion that extends over lip  33-40 scales in lateral line Habitat: Demersal; freshwater and brackish; occurs in shallow water, on sand and among weeds Similar Species: Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), 1 anal spine, Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 12-15 rays Images are not to scale 40 41 Gobiidae Gobiidae

Monkey Goby Distinguishing Features:

— —

Gobies (Neogobius fluviatilis) Gobies Monkey Goby (Non-native) (Neogobius fluviatilis) 7 dorsal spines,

14-18 rays

1 anal spine, 57-65 scales in lateral line 12-17 rays

Round Goby (Non-native) (Neogobius melanostomus) Black spot posterior edge 7-8 dorsal spines, 12-17 rays of first dorsal Coloring:  Light to medium brown  Dark patches  No spot on posterior of first dorsal fin Size: Length: up to 200mm SL Distinguishing Features: 1 anal spine, 9-14 rays  Dorsal spines (total): 7 45-54 scales in lateral line  Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-18 Tubenose Goby (Non-native)  Anal spines: 1 (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 7-8 dorsal spines, 14-18 rays  Anal soft rays: 12-17 Elongated nostril  57-65 total scales in lateral line that extends over  First branched ray of second dorsal almost twice as long as lip second to last Habitat: Benthopelagic; freshwater and brackish Similar Species: Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), 1 anal spine, Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 12-15 rays Images are not to scale 42 43 Gobiidae Gobiidae

Racer Goby Distinguishing Features:

— —

Gobies (Neogobius gymnotrachelus) Gobies Racer Goby (Non-native) 7-8 dorsal spines, (Neogobius gymnotrachelus) 14-18 rays

1 anal spine, 56-65 scales in lateral line 12-17 rays Round Goby (Non-native) (Neogobius melanostomus) Black spot posterior edge 7-8 dorsal spines, 12-17 rays of first dorsal

Coloring:  Brown  Dark, diagonal bars irregular in shape and placement  First dorsal without posterior black spot Size: Length: up to 160mm SL 1 anal spine, 9-14 rays 45-54 scales in lateral line Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal spines (total): 7-8 Tubenose Goby (Non-native) 7-8 dorsal spines,  Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-18 (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 14-18 rays  Anal spines: 1 Elongated nostril  Anal soft rays: 12-17 that extends over  56-65 scales in lateral line lip Habitat: Benthopelagic; occurs in lower reaches of rivers and coastal lagoons, on sand or mud bottom Similar Species: Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), 1 anal spine, Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 12-15 rays Images are not to scale

44 45 Gobiidae Gobiidae

Sand Goby Distinguishing Features:

— —

Gobies (Pomatoschistus minutus) Gobies Sand Goby (Non-native) 6-8 dorsal spines, (Pomatoschistus minutus) 10-12 rays

1 anal spine, 56-65 scales in lateral line 12-16 rays

Round Goby (Non-native) (Neogobius melanostomus) Black spot posterior edge 7-8 dorsal spines, 12-17 rays of first dorsal

Coloring:  Light brown  Dark spot on the posterior end of first dorsal fin 1 anal spine, 9-14 rays Size: Length: up to 110mm TL 45-54 scales in lateral line Distinguishing Features: Tubenose Goby (Non-native)  Dorsal spines (total): 6-8 (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 7-8 dorsal spines,  Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-12 14-18 rays  Anal spines: 1 Elongated nostril that extends over  Anal soft rays: 12-16 lip  56-65 scales in lateral line Habitat: Demersal; brackish and marine Similar Species: Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), 1 anal spine, Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 12-15 rays Images are not to scale 46 47 Percidae Percidae

European Perch Distinguishing Features:

— —

Perches (Perca fluviatilis) Perches European Perch (Non-native) (Perca fluviatilis)

Black spot present at tip of dorsal fin

13-16 dorsal rays

Dark greenish-yellow body Red-orange fins

Coloring:  Body greenish-yellow Yellow Perch (Native)  5-8 transverse black bands on sides (Perca flavescens) Possible dark blotch on  First dorsal has dark blotch on posterior end last 3-4 dorsal spines  Pelvic and anal fins yellow to red 2-3 spines on second Size: Length: 200mm SL, up to 600mm SL; weight: up to 4.8Kg dorsal, 12-13 rays Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal spines (total): 14-20  Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-16  First dorsal fin markedly higher than the second  Dorsal fins clearly separated  Anal spines: 2  Anal soft rays: -7 10  56-77 total scales in lateral line Yellow or pale red fins Light golden-yellow body Habitat: Demersal; freshwater and brackish Similar Species: Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Images are not to scale 48 49 Percidae Percidae

Zander Distinguishing Features:

— —

Perches (Sander lucioperca) Perches Zander (Non-native) (Sander lucioperca)

18-24 dorsal rays 13-20 dorsal spines

80-97 scales in lateral line 2-3 anal spines, 17 caudal rays 10-14 rays Walleye (Native) (Sander vitreus) 13-17 dorsal spines, 18-22 rays

Coloring:  Green-brown  Vertical dark stripes Size: Length: 500mm TL, up to 1000mm TL; weight: up to 20kg Distinguishing Features: Opaque, silvery eye  Dorsal spines (total): 13-20 77-104 scales in 2 anal spines, 11-14 rays  Dorsal soft rays (total): 18-24 lateral line  Anal spines: 2-3 Sauger (Native)  Anal soft rays: 10-14 (Sander canadensis) 1 spine on second  Caudal rays: 17 dorsal, 16-21 rays Second dorsal as  80-97 total scales in lateral line 12-13 dorsal spines high or higher than first  Long slender body, without cross bars  No spines on gill cover Habitat: Pelagic; inhabits deep, calm waters of lakes, reservoirs, canals, and rivers Similar Species: Walleye (Sander vitreus),

Sauger (Sander canadensis) 82-100 scales in No anal spines, Images are not to scale lateral line 11-12 rays

50 51 Coregonidae

Coregonidae

Baltic Cisco Distinguishing Features: (Coregonus albula)

— — Baltic Cisco (Non-native)

Whitefishes, Vendaces, CiscoesWhitefishes, Vendaces,

Whitefishes, Vendaces, CiscoesWhitefishes, Vendaces, (Coregonus lucioperca) 11-13 dorsal rays

Dark margins on fins 13-17 anal rays

Lake Whitefish (Native) (Coregonus clupeaformis)

Dark brown to dark 11-13 dorsal rays blue dorsally

Coloring:  Bluish-green dorsally with white underside 14-17 pectoral rays 10-14 anal rays  Silver on sides  Fins are gray, becoming darker at margins Round Whitefish (Non-native) Size: Length: up to 230mm SL; weight: up to 1kg (Prosopium cylindraceum) Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal rays: 11-13 11-15 dorsal rays  Anal rays: 13-17 Brown spots on  Adipose fin present adipose fin Habitat: Pelagic-neritic; freshwater, brackish, and marine Similar Species: Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), Round Whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) Amber pectoral fins 10-13 anal rays Images are not to scale 52 53 Salmonidae Salmonidae

Chum Salmon Distinguishing Features:

— (Oncorhynchus keta) — Chum Salmon (Non-native)

Salmons, Trouts Salmons, Trouts Salmons, (Oncorhynchus keta) No distinct dark spots 10-14 dorsal rays dorsally or on caudal fin

13-17 anal rays Coho Salmon (Non-native) (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Dark spots along back and upper lobe of caudal fin 9-13 dorsal rays

Coloring:  Steel-blue dorsally, with speckles of black  Silver on sides  Silvery to white ventrally

Size: Length: 580mm TL, up to 1000mm FL; weight: up to 16kg No dark pigmentation on Distinguishing Features: gum line of lower jaw  Dorsal spines: 0 Chinook Salmon (Non-native)  Dorsal soft rays: 10-14 (Oncorhynchus clupeaformis) Dark spots along back and  Anal spines: 0 10-14 dorsal rays both lobes of caudal fin  Anal soft rays: 13-17  Pelvic fins with axillary process  18 to 28 short, stout, smooth gill rakers on the first arch  Caudal truncate to slightly emarginate Habitat: Benthopelagic Similar Species: Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Dark pigmentation on gum line of lower jaw 13-19 anal rays Images are not to scale 54 55 Syngnthidae

Syngnathidae

Black-striped Pipefish Distinguishing Features:

(Syngnathus abaster) —

— Black-striped Pipefish (Non-native)

Pipefishes, SeahorsesPipefishes,

Pipefishes, Seahorses (Syngnathus abaster)

Separate dorsal and caudal fins

American Eel (Native) (Anguilla rostrata) Continuous dorsal and caudal fin

Size: Length: up to 190mm SL Distinguishing Features:  Dorsal soft rays: 33-34  Anal soft rays: 3  Pectoral soft rays: 12-13  Tube-like snout, no more than half the head length  Mouth terminal  Caudal, pectoral, and anal fin present and not fused Habitat: Demersal; freshwater, brackish, and marine Similar Species: American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

Images are not to scale 56 57 Gammaridae Pontogammaridae

Gammarid Amphipod Gammarid Amphipod (Dikerogammarus villosus) (Pontogammarus robustoides)

Coloring: NA Size: Length: 12mm average, range: 4.5-21mm Distinguishing Features:  Both pairs of antennae (A1, A2) are short, obese, more or Coloring: less the same length  Semi-transparent  First segment of the A1 peduncle is broadened  May appear striped or uniform in coloration pattern  Armature of urosomal segment I variable from a fan of Size: Length: up to 30mm delicate setae in medial part to row of 5-7 spines Distinguishing Features:  On urosome segment II always more than 2 spines in  Body is laterally compressed and curled mid-dorsal group  Thorax consists of seven segments  Abdomen consists of six segments  Abdomen consists of six segments Habitat: Phytophilous; often found on stony or sand-muddy Habitat: Freshwater and brackish bottom

58 59 Mysidae Mysidae

Mysid Shrimp Distinguishing Features:

(Limnomysis benedeni) Mysid Shrimp (Non-native) (Limnomysis benedeni) Normal eyes

 Anterior margin of the carapace extends into a pair of lateral spine-like processes  Pleopods reduced to small Pleopods reduced to setose plates in both setose plates sexes, except for the third and fourth in males Opossum Shrimp (Native) (Mysis relicta) Compound eyes  Mature females have plates on the last two thoracic Coloring: NA segments Size: Length: 6-13mm  Abdomen includes six segments Distinguishing Features:  Each abdominal segment Normal pleopods  Eyes normal, cylindrical eyestalks are 1.4-2.3 times the length bears a pair of pleopods of the cornea  Mature males have extremely  Antennal scale setose all around long fourth pleopods  Anterior margin of the carapace extends into a pair of lateral spine-like processes Bloody Red Shrimp (Non-native)  Pleopods reduced to small setose plates in both sexes, (Hemimysis anomala) Pigmented red chromatophores except third and fourth in males  Telson short, with spines all along lateral margins  Short, rounded apical incision armed with a number of Ivory-yellow coloring laminar processes or translucent Habitat: Demersal; brackish and marine; occurs in onshore shal- low zone with aquatic vegetation and high temperature Similar Species: Opossum Shrimp (Mysis relicta), Bloody Red Shrimp (Hemimysis anomala) Truncated telson with long spine at corners Images are not to scale 60 61 Mytilidae Mytilidae

Golden Mussel Distinguishing Features:

(Limnoperna fortunei) Golden Mussel (Non-native) (Limnoperna fortunei)

Nacreous layer

Average length: up to 20cm

Quagga Mussel (Non-native) (Dreissena bugensis) Asymmetrical valves

Average length: up to 6cm

False Dark Mussel (Non-native) (Mytilopsis leucophaeata)

Coloring: Shell appears golden or yellowish Size: Length: 200mm, up to 600mm in Asia Distinguishing Features: Projection on the inside of  the shell near umbo Umbones very nearly terminal Average length: 1cm  Dorsal ligament margin is nearly straight  Does not possess hinge teeth or byssal notch Zebra Mussel (Non-native)  Mantle fusion occurs dorsally (Dreissena polymorpha)  Presences of a nacreous layer within the shell Habitat: Freshwater lakes and rivers Flat ventral side Similar Species: Quagga Mussel (Dreissena bugensis), False Dark Mussel (Mytilopsis leucophaeata), Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Average length: up to 5cm Images are not to scale 62 63

References: Image Credits:

Appeltans, W., P. Bouchet, G. A. Boxshall, C. de Broyer, N. J. de Voogd, D. P. Gordon, B. W. Hoeksema, T. Great Lakes: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, MODIS image Horton, M. Kennedy, J. Mees, G. C. B. Poore, G. Read, S. Stöhr, T. C. Walter, and M. J. Costello, Sand Smelt (Atherina boyeri): http://www.torreomnia.com/testi/argenziano/ editors. 2012. World register of marine species. Available: http://www.marinespecies.org. (April dizionario_marelavone_capachiatta.jpg 2012). Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus morday): Ellen Edmondson Bacela, K., A. Konopacka, and M. Grabowski. 2009. Reproductive biology ofDikerogammarus hae- Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus): Duane Raver, USFWS mobaphes: an invasive gammarid (Crustacea: Amphipoda) colonizing running waters in Central Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Virgil Beck, http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Fishing/species/bluegill.html Europe. Biological Invasions 11:2055-2066. Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus): Duane Raver, USFWS Barbee, J. 2011. Lepomis microlophus. Animal Diversity Web. Available: http:// Caspian Shad (Alosa caspia): http://www.mmm.pri.ee/blog_view_144_Caspialosa-caspia-tanaica.html animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_microlophus.html. (April Alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus): Duane Raver, USFWS 2012). Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum): http://www.hrla.com/NCFish/gizzardshad.jpg Benson, A. J., M. M. Richerson, E. Maynard, J. Larson, and A. Fusaro. 2012. Dreissena rostriformis bugen- Pontic Shad (Alosa immaculata): Zsoldos Márton, Wikimedia, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike sis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, Florida. 3.0 Unported Brillowski, J. 2011. Tench (Tinca tinca) Ecological Risk Screening Summary. USFWS. Black Sea Tyulka (Clupeonella cultriventris): http://www.scandfish.com/ig/gallery.asp? Caspian Sea Environment. No date. Available: http://www.caspianenvironment.org. (April 2012). action=viewimage&imageid=918&text=&categoryid=24&box=&shownew Crasier, D. M., D. P. Molloy, A. bij de Vaate and S. Devin. No date. Killer shrimp – Dikerogammarus vil- European Bullhead (Cottus gobio): Felice Supino 1916, Freshwater and Marine Image Bank, University losus. Available: http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ansrp/dikerogammarus_villosus.pdf of Washington Libraries Digital Collections Crasier, D. M., D. P. Molloy, and W. A. Boeger. No date. Golden mussel – Limnoperna fortunei. Available: Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdii): http://bio.slu.edu/mayden/systematics/images/lecture%208% http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ansrp/limnoperna_fortunei.pdf 20images/Mottled_sculpin1.jpg Derosier, A. L. 2004. Special animal abstract for Macrhybopsis storeriana (Silver Chub). Michigan Natural Bleak (Alburnus alburnus): http://www.ittiofauna.org/webmuseum/pesciossei/cypriniformes/ Features Inventory. Lansing, Michigan. cyprinidae/alburnus/alburnusalburnus/images/alburnus_alburnus01-500.jpg Derosier, A. L. 2004. Special animal abstract for Sander canadensis (Sauger). Michigan Natural Features Emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides): Ellen Edmondson Inventory. Lansing, Michigan. Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis): http://www.ngpc.state.ne.us/fishing/guides/identification/ Etnier, D. A., and W. C. Starnes. 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knox- graphics/70.jpg ville. Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): http://mri.usd.edu/watertrail/FieldGuide/images/Fish/ Encyclopedia of Life. Available: http://www.eol.org. (April 2012). silvercarp.jpg Froese, R., and D. Pauly. Editors. 2012. FishBase. Available: www.fishbase.org. (February 2012). Sun Bleak (Leucaspius delineatus): http://www.latvijasdaba.lv/4/img/51-ausleja.jpg Grabowski, M. 2006. Invasive alien species fact sheet: Pontogammarus robustoides. North European European Chub (Leuciscus cephalus): http://www.sfca.co.uk/about/chub400.jpg and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species – NOBANIS. Available: www.nobanis.org. (April Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus): Ellen Edmondson 2012). Common Dace (Leuciscus leuciscus): http://homepages.see.leeds.ac.uk/~earaj/shoal/JPG/d.jpg Hubbs, C., R. J. Edwards, and G. P. Garret. 1991. An annotated checklist of freshwater fishes of Texas, Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana): Ohio Department of Natural Resources with key to identification of species. Texas Journal of Science, Supplement 43(4):1-56. Eurasian Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus): http://www.latvijasdaba.lv/content/zivis/phoxinus-phoxinus- Kipp, R. M., and A. Ricciardi. 2007. Hemimsys anomala factsheet. GLANSIS. Available: http:// l.jpg web.archive.org/web/20070522002412/http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/hemimysis/ Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus): Ellen Edmondson hemi_sci_factsheet.html. Roach (Rutilus rutilus): http://home.hccnet.nl/pm.jansen/images/imagesmap1/voorn.gif Kottelat, M., and J. Freyhof. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Common Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus): http://www.aolamagna.it/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. scardola.jpg Mayhew, J., editor. 1987. Iowa fish and fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines. Tench (Tinca tinca): http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_POLhgcb0HxI/TThcjDAhO7I/AAAAAAAAAfw/ Available: http://www.iowadnr.gov/Fishing/IowaFishSpecies/FishDetails.aspx?SpeciesCode=BAK. nU7oUBgQwlY/s1600/Tinca+Tinca+-+Tenca+-+Pez.jpg Merry, J. 2011a. Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary. USFWS. Bigmouth Buffalo (Letiobus cyprinellus): Duane Raver, USFWS Merry, J. 2011b. Eurasian Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) Ecological Risk Screening Summary. USFWS. Mediterranean Toothcarp (Aphanius fasciatus): etrusko25/Flickr, Creative Commons Merry, J. 2011c. Monkey Goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary. USFWS. Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus): Ellen Edmondson Montana Field Guide. Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Availa- Ukranian Stickleback (Pungitius platygaster): http://www.briancoad.com/Species%20Accounts/ ble: http://FieldGuide.mt.gov/detail_AFCJB28120.aspx. (November 2012). Pplatygaster-m.gif Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The animal diversity Brook Stickleback (Culaea inconstans): Hugh Crisp web. Available: http://animaldiversity.org. (May 2012). Ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius): http://content63.eol.org/ Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. Freshwater fishes. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. content/2010/11/08/09/24753_orig.jpg Preece, R. 2011. Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) Ecological Risk Screening Summary. USFWS. Stellate Tadpole-goby (Benthophilus stellatus): http://www.ittiofauna.org/webmuseum/pesciossei/ Šporka, F., and E. Elexovvá. 1999. First record of Pontogammarus obesus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) perciformes/gobidae/benthophilus/benthophilusstellatus/benthophilusstellatus.htm from the Slovak-Hungarian part of the Danube river. Biologia, Bratislava. 54(5):580. Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus): Peter van der Sluijs Werner, R. 2004. Freshwater fishes of the northeastern United States. Syracuse University Press, Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus): http://img.webme.com/pic/s/salibahtiyar/kayabig.png Syracuse, New York. Caucasian Dwarf Goby (Knipowitschia caucasica): http://www.cmima.csic.es/ictimed/especies/ gobkncau.jpg Longtail Dwarf Goby (Knipowitschia longecaudata): http://www.ittiofauna.org/webmuseum/pesciossei/ perciformes/gobidae/knipowitschia/knipowitschia_longecaudata/images/k_longecaudata.jpg Monkey Goby (Neogobius fluviatilis): http://users.atw.hu/kaloistvan/Horgasz/Kepek/folygeb.gif

Image Credits:

Racer Goby (Neogobius gymnotrachelus): http://www.utoledo.edu/as/lec/images/goby/ racerdraw450.jpg Sand Goby (Pomatoschistus minutus): http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kalat/sand-goby European Perch (Perca fluviatilis): http://www.aolamagna.it/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ persico_reale.jpg Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens): Ellen Edmondson Zander (Stizostedion lucioperca): Gösta Sundman Sauger (Sander canadensis): Ellen Edmondson Walleye (Sander vitreus): Ellen Edmondson Baltic Cisco (Coregonus albula): http://www.asv-hennesee.de/Web-Page-Fischlexikon/fischlexikon/ Blaufelchen-Dateien/image002.gif Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis): Ellen Edmondson Round Whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum): http://fish.dnr.cornell.edu/nyfish/Salmonidae/ round_whitefish_pic.html Chum Salmon (Onchorhynchus keta): http://www.eceravoloflyfishing.com.ar/Peces/Chum.JPG Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): http://www.eceravoloflyfishing.com.ar/Peces/Coho.JPG Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): http://fish.dnr.cornell.edu/nyfish/Salmonidae/ chinook_salmon.html Black Pipefish (Syngnathus abaster): Giacomo Radi, GNU Free Documentation License V1.2 American Eel (Anguilla rostrata): Freshwater and Marine Image Bank, University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections Gammarid amphipod (Dikerogammarus villosus): Michal Grabowski Gammarid amphipod (Pontogammarus robustoides): http://www.nobanis.org/files/factsheets/ Pontogammarus_robustoides.pdf Mysid shrimp (Limnomysis benedeni): http://www.seespiegel.de/html/archiv/Artikel/Nummer24/ seite_02_1.jpg Opossum Shrimp (Mysis relicta): http://www.waterwereld.nu/images/mysis44.jpg Bloody Red Shrimp (Hemimysis anomala): Microphotograph by S. Pothoven, GLERL Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei): http://biolo.bg.fcen.uba.ar/primerapagina.htm; http:// el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ansrp/limnoperna_fortunei.pdf False Dark Mussel (Mytilopsis leucophaeata): http://eol.org/data_objects/9163857; http:// www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=image&pic=12338 Quagga Mussel (Dreissena bugensis): http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ansrp/limnoperna_fortunei.pdf; http://www.invasivestrackingsystem.ca/report.php?ListType=tlkpInvSpeciesGallery&ID=32 Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): http://eol.org/data_objects/17440129