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The Study on Fishing and Resource Management of Bony Fisheries Within Southern Caspian Sea

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The Study on Fishing and Resource Management of Bony Fisheries Within Southern Caspian Sea The Study on fishing and resource management of bony fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea Item Type Report Authors Abdolmalaki, Shahram; Taghavi, S.A.; Motalebi, A.A.; Sharif Rohani, M.; Ghasemi, S.; Parafkandeh Haghighi, F.; Fazli, H.; Vahabnejad, A.; Ghaninejad, D.; Karimi, D.; Rahmati, M.; Daryanabard, R.; Bandani, G.A.; Talebzadeh, S.A.; Akhoondi, M. Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Download date 30/09/2021 16:11:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/13405 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞﻛ ﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر – ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري آﺑﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان : : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻴﺪ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﻣﺠﺮي : : ﺷﻬﺮام ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ 43144 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﭻ ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮوژه : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻴﺪ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺼﻮب ﭘﺮوژه : 89049 - 8903 -12 -12 -14 ﻧﺎ م و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه / ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن : ﺷﻬﺮام ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ و ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك دارد ) : - - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي / ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎن : ﺷﻬﺮام ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎر( ان ) : ﺳﻴﺪ اﻣﻴﻦ اﷲ ﺗﻘﻮي - ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﻲ – ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ روﺣﺎﻧﻲ – ﻣﺨﺘﺎر آﺧﻮﻧﺪي – ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺎس ﻃﺎﻟﺐ زاده - ﺷﻬﺮام ﻗﺎﺳﻤﻲ - ﺣﺴﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻲ - آرزو وﻫﺎب ﻧﮋاد – داود ﻏﻨﻲ ﻧﮋاد - داﻳﻮش ﻛﺮﻳﻤﻲ - ﻓﺮخ ﭘﺮاﻓﻜﻨﺪه - ﻣﺮاﺣﻢ رﺣﻤﺘﻲ - رﺿﺎ درﻳﺎﻧﺒﺮد - ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺪاﻧﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎور( ان ) : - - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ( ان ) : ﻓﺮﻫﺎد ﻛﻴﻤﺮام ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮا : اﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺷﺮوع : /1/5 89 ﻣﺪت اﺟﺮا : 2 ﺳﺎل و 3 ﻣﺎه ﻧﺎﺷﺮ : ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر : ﺳﺎل1393 ﺣﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ، ﺟﺪاول ، ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ . « ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﻃﺮح ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮوژه و ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل / ﻣﺠﺮي » » ﭘﺮوژه : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻴﺪ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﻛﺪ ﻣﺼﻮب : -89049 14-12-12-8903 ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ ( ﻓﺮوﺳﺖ ) : 43144 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ : /4/4 92 ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي ﺷﻬﺮام ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ داراي ﻣﺪرك ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ دﻛﺘﺮي در رﺷ ﺘﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ درﻳﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ داوران ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻴﻮﻟـﻮژي و ارزﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ذﺧـﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳـﺎ ن در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ /3/1 92 ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳـﺎﺑﻲ و ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻤـﺮه /3 18 و رﺗﺒـﻪ ﻋـﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴـﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . در زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه، ﻣﺠﺮي در : : ﺳﺘﺎد ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه █ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻳﺴﺘﮕ ﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ درﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه آﺑﺰي ﭘـﺮوري آﺑﻬـﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪرﺟﺎت » ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 1 1 -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 2 -2 ﻣﻮاد و روﺷﻬﺎ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 5 -2-1 ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻫﺪاف و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي ﺷﻴﻼت ................................ ................ 7 7 -3 ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 9 -3-1 ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 9 -3-2 ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﭙﻮر ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 21 -3-3 ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 25 -3-4 ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺎه ﻛﻮﻟﻲ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 31 -3-5 ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺎه ﻛﻮﻟﻲ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 34 -3-6 ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺎش ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 37 -3-7 ﺳﺲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺳﺮ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 42 -3-8 ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 45 -3-9 ﻛﻔﺎل ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 49 10-3- ﻛ ﻔﺎل ﻃﻼﻳﻲ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 55 11-3- ﻛﻔﺎل ﭘﻮزه ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 61 12-3- ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻮف ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 65 13-3- ﻣﺎﻫﻲ آزاد ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 71 14-3- ﺷﮓ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 74 15-3- ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ روﻧﺪ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﻃﻲ 10 ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ................................ .............. 87 16-3- ﺗﻼش ﺻﻴﺎدي ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 90 17-3- ﺻﻴﺪ در واﺣﺪ ﺗﻼش ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 91 ٤- ﺑﺤﺚ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................................... ٩٥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 104 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 111 و ذ هن ا ا در .../ ١ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻃﺮح ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻴﺪ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮي در ﺣﻮزه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﺮارداد ﻓﻴﻤﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺷﻴﻼت اﻳﺮان و ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺷﻴﻼت اﻳﺮان ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1389 ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ، ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺻﻴﺪ، ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨ ﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﻣﻮرد رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ دروﻧﻲ و ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻼت در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ SWOT وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺷﻴﻼت و ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد ﻫ ﺎ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي رود ﻛﻮچ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ، ﻛﭙﻮر ، ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ، ﺳﻴﻢ و ... ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﺮﻳﺰي اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ و ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﺎﻻب اﻧﺰﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﺣﻴﺎء ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ژ ﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ و رﻫﺎﻛﺮد ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . در ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻣﻴﺰان ﺻﻴﺪ اﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ ، از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ رﻫﺎﻛﺮد اﻧﺒﻮه ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺣﻔﻆ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺷﺪن آن ﺑﺮرﺳﻴﻬﺎي ﻻزم اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد. ﻛﻠﻴﺪواژه ﻫﺎ: ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ – ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ - ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ – زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ - ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺧﺰر ٢ / ارش ح ه -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر در آﺑﻬﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﻃﻲ دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ و ﺧﺎرج از اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺎﻫﻴ ﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ اﻳﺮان و ﺷﻮروي ، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ آب درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه رواج ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي آﺑﻴﺎري ﻣﺰارع و از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ و ﻣﺨﺘﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺸ ﺪت آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪ و ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﻘﺮاض ﭘﻴﺶ رﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﺷﺪت ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺤﺪي ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﻋﺮض ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل ﻛﻞ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺻﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ و ﺳﻮف از ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺗﻦ ﺑﺤﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ رﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ از 9565 ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل 1310 ﺑﻪ 4398 ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل 1330 و 437 ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل 1340 رﺳﻴﺪ . ﻃﻲ دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي 30 ، 40 و 50 اﻳﻦ ﺳﺪه ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ رودﻛﻮچ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ، ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ از ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ و رﺷﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺪ و ﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ را داﺷﺘﻪ و روﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺸﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪي را ﻧﺸﺎن داد ( ﺳﺎدﻻﻳﻒ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ، 1965 ; ﭘﻴﺮي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ، 1378 ) . ﻃﻲ دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي 40 و 50 ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ را دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻔﺎل ﻃﻼﻳﻲ و ﭘﻮزه ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ داد . در ﺳﺎل 1350 از ﻣﻘﺪار 1862 ﺗﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺻﻴﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ، 1260 ﺗﻦ ( 68 % ) آن را ﻛﻔﺎل ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ داد ( ﭘﻴﺮي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ، 1378 ) . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﻔﺎل ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮ ﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي اﺳﺖ و ﻋﺪم واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﻪ آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ و ﻗﺪرت ﺳﺎزش آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ از دﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻓﻮق ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( ﻏﻨﻲ ﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ، 1380 ) ) ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺻﻴﺪ ﻃﻲ دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات زﻳﺎدي ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ . ﭼﺮا ﻛﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ از ﻛﻞ ﺻﻴﺪ از 31.8 درﺻﺪ در دﻫﻪ اول اﻳﻦ ﺳﺪه ﺑﻪ 55.1 درﺻﺪ در دﻫﻪ 70 رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ و اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻃﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪت ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﺑﻮ. دي ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن را در ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ ( ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ، 1379 ) . ﺻﻴﺪ و ﺻﻴﺎدي ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨـﻮع ﺟـﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣـﺎﻫﻴـﺎن و ﺑـﻲ ﻣﻬـﺮﮔـﺎن در ﺷﻤـﺎل ﺷـﺮﻗـﻲ اﻗﻴـﺎﻧـﻮس اﻃﻠﺲ ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Jennings and Reynolds,2000 ) . ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮده ﭼﺮاﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ، ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ دﺧﺎﻟﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ، داراي اﺛﺮات ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻨﻮع اﺳﺖ ( Pullen , 1997 ) . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ي دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﺎر و ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﻲ ﻳﺎ رﻗﻴﺒﺎن دﻳﮕﺮ ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﻴﺎن ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ذ هن ا ا در .../ ٣ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻮازن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ
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