N.E.S.T. New Europe with Stronger Ties N e w s l e t t e r September 2014 nr 11 N.E.S.T. WORKING MEETING Maria Rosaria Grasso for teachers Patrizia Campana POLAND 2014 Natalia Mikheeva Participants: Julija Musakova Doina Druta Maria Amparo Salcedo Andreu Luminita Ciocaru Ana Montiel Muñoz Manuel Gonzalez Garcia Georgia Kourakou Leonidas Leventis Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos Ewelina Ciemięga Paweł Ciemięga Paweł Pruś Kerim Koray Berktaş Ahmet Ertürk Sandomierz Page 8: Kozłówka Contents: (September 30th) (October 2nd) Page 2/3: Krzczonów, Page 6: Lublin Lublin and Pszczela Wola (October 1st) (September 29th) Page 7: Kazimierz Dolny Page 4/5: Baranów (October 2nd) Sandomierski and www.europroject.edu.pl troops took three bells from the local church – among September 29th them there was the royal one. The name Krzczonow- Sołtysy is connected with the reign of Stephen Batory. It was derived from the term “sołtysi łanowi” KRZCZONÓW – peasants who were granted with land and released from the duty of work for the head of the district The history of the settlement of (starosta). Their special rights were confirmed later Krzczonow dates back to ancient times. It is proved by other Polish kings – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki by archeological finds such as over 2000-year-old and August III. In the 16 th century Krzczonow and flint axes or knives and earthenware. The other neighbouring villages suffered severely from evidence is a “pagan barrow” which is known Swedish, Cossack and Tatar raids. In February 1656 nowadays as “Swedish mounds”. It is believed that Polish royal troops together with peasant’s guerilla they were made in the 10 th defeated a large unit of Swedish troops. The battle century. The first mention of took place between Krzczonow- Krzczonow appeared in 1136 Sołtysy and Zuków. Not a single in Pope’s Innocent II Bull. The Swedish soldier survived the Bull didn’t say the location of fight and their corpses remained the village but it explained the on the battlefield till May. They origin of the name of the stank so much that the place village. As for the etymology was called “stinking” and it is of the name it was observed known so until today. The some analogies in parson persuaded the locals to geographical locations of four bury the corpses for fear of an villages called “Krzczonow” in epidemic outbreak. The soldiers Poland. All of them are situated over rising springs. were buried in the battle site and the officers were Moreover, all four villages were located on the transported to Krzczonow. However, as the infidels borders of Cracow Diocese. That area was influenced they were not buried in the local graveyard but in the in the 10 th century by the Czech dynasty of ancient “pagan barrows”. That is why this place is Premyslid. That is why the name “Krzczonow” was defined as “Swedish mounds”. During the Swedish derived from Old Czech “krscon” which had meant “a Deluge in the 17 th century, the villagers fought in the spring”. guerilla against the forces of Transylvanian Prince – The first written mention of Krzczonow of Lublin was George Rakocsy who invaded Poland together with from 1291 and it came from Wenceslaus II’s the Swedish army. In 1673 peasant dragoons from privilege. According to this legal document, Krzczonow fought against the Turks in the battle of Krzczonow and its vicinity was given to Sandomierz Chocim. lords. In 1354 Krzczonow was Krzczonow was a royal village but the taken from Piotr Pszonka and king leased it to local landlords who so exploited given to Lublin Castellan. In peasants that it resulted in several mutinies against other words, Krzczonow the gentry. World War I brought some hope for became a royal village since then till the partition of Poland national independence. Krzczonow inhabitants joined in the 18 th century. In 1358 the units of Polish Legions. In 1937 local peasants king Casimir the Great located took part in national protest against Sanation regime. Krzczonow on the German law In the years 1939-1944 the locals actively fought and granted the village with a against the Nazi occupational forces. Such armed coat of arms – a shield with two crossed keys with their bits directed down and forces as Home Army and Peasants’ Battallions Casimir’s crown over the keys. (Bataliony Chłopskie) were created in the area of the In 1413 king Ladislaus (Władysław) Jagiełło Krzczonow Commune. They gathered all social confirmed the location of Krzczonow. The villagers groups: clerks, teachers or peasants. Local women served in Stephen Batory’s peasant infantry (piechota wybraniecka). The king Stephen Batory played active during the World War II – they were valued Krzczonow soldiers and in his appreciation he grouped in People’s Association of Women. granted the village parish with a bell. In 1915 Russian They harboured hiding Russian POWs and Jews, Europe. fugitives from Majdanek concentration camp and helped wounded partisans. Women were also engaged in organizing Underground Edcuation as they instilled national values and patriotic attitudes into young people. HONEY and MEAD The Province of Lublin is famous for beekeeping and, therefore, it is often associated with apiarian Krzczonow is the seat of communal authorities and products - honey and mead (an the cultural and service centre for the other villages. alcoholic beverage created by The commune has well-developed communications fermenting honey with water, routes which facilitates the connections with other and in adulterated form with villages, communal seats and the capital of the various fruits, spices, grains or district and the province. There are 27 villages in the hops). One of the examples of Commune of Krzczonow. The Commune covers the Polish meads may be “póltorak’. area of 128 square kilometres and it is in the central It is a Polish product with part of the Giełczew Upland, 33 kilometres from protected designation of origin Lublin. The Commune is situated in the southwestern by the European Union. The part of Lublin Province. name originates from the proportion of the water, 1/2 unit, and honey, 1 unit, hence "1 and 1/2" or in the Polish language PSZCZELA WOLA "Półtorak." Addition of juices as substitute for water during the brewing of this honey wine is allowed as are spices; however, no preservatives or artificial products can be added. The strength of alcohol is usually 16% or 32 proof. It is a village located about 18 kilometres south of Lublin. It is famous for its Apiarian (Beekeeping) Technical School. The school was founded in 1944 and it is the only apiarian high school in Poland and added the western wing gallery and embellished the September 30th interiors with profuse late-baroque stucco decorations. The gallery housed their collection of art. Notably, almost two centuries later, all works of art BARANÓW SANDOMIERSKI were destroyed in massive fires, first in 1848 (with the entire library) under Krasicki family and finally in The Baranów Sandomerski Castle is a 1898 under Dolańskis. The castle in Baranów Mannerist castle located in the town of Baranów Sandomierski passed successively into the Sandomierski in the Subcarpathian Province, south- eastern Poland. It is one of the most important Mannerist structures in the country. The castle is commonly known as the "little Wawel" (Wawel is the main Polish royal castle in Kraków). Originally, a residency of the Lubomirski family, it now serves as a historical museum, hotel and conference centre. The castle was built around the years 1591–1606 in the style of Poland's Mannerism with richly decorated attics, side towers and arcade courtyard for Andrzej and Rafał Leszczyński (1526– possession of families: Wiśniowiecki, Sanguszko, 1592) of the Wieniawa coat of arms. It is believed to Lubomirski, Małachowski, Potocki and Krasicki. In be the work of a famous Italian architect, Santi Gucci, 1867 it was acquired by Feliks Dolański. The structure the court artist of king Stephen Báthory. In about was restored by subsequent owner Stanisław 1620 the castle was surrounded by bastion Dolański after a fire in 1898. Under the direction of fortifications and in 1625 its chambers were adorned Kraków architect Tadeusz Stryjeński some changes with early Baroque decorations executed by the were carried out in the layout. During this eminent stucco decorator Giovanni Battista Falconi. reconstruction one of the chambers on the ground By the end of the 17th century, the castle came into floor was adopted as chapel and decorated in art the possession of the Lubomirski family through nouveau style. Stained-glass windows by Józef marriage. Prince Józef Karol Lubomirski wedded its Mehoffer and an altar with a painting of Jacek owner, Princess Teofila Ludwika Zasławska in 1683, Malczewski Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception and rebuilt her principal residence by way of were major features of the interior. The castle commissioning the royal Dutch-Polish architect remained in the possession of the Dolański family till Tylman van Gameren (Tylman Gamerski) from the the outbreak of World War II. Due to war damages court of Jan III Sobieski, who converted the castle, the castle was renovated by the State in the years 1959–1969, under the guidance of professor Alfred Majewski. SANDOMIERZ the Anonymous as one of the main castles in the Sandomierz – a city in the Swietokrzyskie Province located on the seven hills that’s why it’s often called “Small Rome”. The are some theories concerning the city’s name derivation. One says that Sandomierz means “San domierza (do Wisły)” [The San River comes (to the Vistula)]. Another source claims that Sandomierz is, in fact, a modern version of the Old Polish name Sędomir. state - “sedes regni principales.” The high rank of the city was confirmed in the last will of Prince Boleslaw the Crooked-mouth (Boleslaw Krzywousty), according to which Sandomierz became the capital of a regional princedom governed successively, among others, by such princes as: Henry of Sandomierz (Henryk Sandomierski), Boleslaw the Curly-haired (Boleslaw Kedzierzawy), Casmir the Just (Kazimierz Sprawiedliwy), Leszek the White (Leszek Bialy), Sandomierz is one of oldest and historically most Boleslaw the Shy (Boleslaw Wstydliwy).