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Baltic During the 1920S, Had Been the Subject of Collected in March and Early April Contained Larvae Earlier Studies

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Baltic During the 1920S, Had Been the Subject of Collected in March and Early April Contained Larvae Earlier Studies Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 190: 109-112. 1989 The distribution of spring-spawning herring larvae in coastal waters of the German Democratic Republic Erich Biester Biester, Erich. 1989. The distribution of spring-spawning herring larvae in coastal waters of the German Democratic Republic. - Rapp. P.v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 190: 109-112. Thé larvae of spring-spawning herring are found along virtually the whole of the coastline of the German Democratic Republic from the island of Usedom in the east to Wismar in the west between March/April and July/August. The numbers found, however, vary in time and space. Larval studies in the 1930s, 1950s, and 1960s led to the continuous monitoring of herring larvae in Greifswalder Bodden since 1977. The waters adjoining the bodden and the coastal regions east and west of Rügen have also been studied sporadically using the same methods. Larval abundance in these regions can therefore be compared to those in Greifswalder Bodden for the inves­ tigation period. Larval abundance in Greifswalder Bodden is usually higher than in the other regions. However, on one occasion abundances off the east coast of Rügen island were several times higher than at the Greifswalder Bodden spawning ground in May. Direct comparison of larval abundance in Greifswalder Bodden with the total abundance for all other regions investigated east and west of Rügen shows that Greifswalder Bodden accounted for 45 to 85% (Greifswalder Bodden and west Rügen) and 65 to 75% (Greifswalder Bodden and east Rügen) of the abundance. Erich Biester: Wilhelm-Pieck-Universität Rostock, Sektion Biologie, Wissenschafts­ bereich Fischereibiologie, Universitätsplatz 5, DDR-2500 Rostock, German Demo­ cratic Republic. the coast of Usedom. Larvae were most abundant in Introduction May and June. The first studies dealing with the larvae of the spring- Studies in the Greifswalder Bodden were not resumed spawning Rügen herring were in 1937 to 1939, whereas until 20 years later (1958/59) (Waldmann, 1961), and the autumn-spawning herring, which predominated in these were continued sporadically in 1960/61. Samples the Baltic during the 1920s, had been the subject of collected in March and early April contained larvae earlier studies. Denmark systematically collected with a length of 26-50 mm and in May of 36-45 mm. samples of larvae from 1925 to 1938 (Nybelin, 1929; These larvae were considered to be offspring of the Johansen, 1930; Poulsen, 1936). Sweden also took part autumn spawners. Larvae of the spring spawners did in these studies up to 1932 and Germany up to 1931 not appear until April, when they were about 6 mm (Altnöder, 1928, 1929, 1932; Kandier, 1952; Weber, long. 1971). The occurrence of herring larvae at the more The systematic larval survey that is still in progress localized spawning grounds off the coast of the western and continues from March/April to July each year in Belt See was also investigated at that time (Kandier, the Greifswalder Bodden started in 1977 (Biester and 1952). Brielmann, 1977; Biester, 1979,1984; Brielmann, 1982, The studies dealing with the larvae of the Rügen and later). The station grid in Greifswalder Bodden herring showed that the Greifswalder Bodden (GB), consists of about 30 stations. Facilities permitted studies Strelasund, and the coast of Usedom island were the to be carried out in the waters west of Rügen island in main spawning grounds. Little spawning took place May and July for the first time in 1981 (Thu, 1983; around the island of Rügen (west, north, and east Ladwig, 1983), and in 1984/85 the coastal waters east coasts). From the length distribution of the larvae it was of Rügen could be included in the survey (Son, 1987). evident that there were two spawning periods in a season Since 1977 the survey in Greifswalder Bodden, the a year. Spawning took place during both periods in principal spawning ground, has also been continued Greifswalder Bodden, but only during the second off year after year using the same methods and sampling 109 MECKLENBURGER BUCHT STRALSUN BREITLING ROSTOCK GREIFSWALD US.ED.oy WISMÀR Figure 1. Station grid until 1982. technique, and the additional investigations off the coast of Rügen permit “quasisynoptic” comparison of larval abundances in these regions with those in Greifswalder Bodden. In the following, abundances in the waters off Rügen are expressed as percentages of the abundance in Greifswalder Bodden. Methods o — Ichthyoplankton samples are collected with a MARMAP-bongo net, double inclined hauls being made for each sample. The layout of the station grid Rügen was designed to yield results that can be considered fairly representative of the whole coastal region with 146 stations (Figs. 1,2). In addition, phytoplankton and zooplankton samples are collected and environmental parameters are recorded at 22 of them. Sampling was also carried out at another 15 stations in the Breitling and stations in the chain of boddens south of Darss- Zingst. Greifswald Herring larval abundances are expressed in indi­ viduals per unit water surface (n/m2). The lengths of larvae were measured by means of an object micrometer (0-5 mm below). Figure 2. Station grid since 1983. • Hydrographic stations. 110 Results of the German Democratic Republic to be compared with Greifswalder Bodden at the same time. However, Greifswalder Bodden is the main spawning ground of in May 1981 (12th May to 2nd June) it was possible to the spring-spawning herring. The larvae less than 7 mm study Greifswalder Bodden, the Strelasund, and Kubit- long can be caught there from March/April to July. The zer Bodden at the beginning and the end of a sampling lengths of larvae and juveniles caught in this area vary action for the region west of Hiddensee. In Greifswalder between 5 and 60 mm. Occasional larvae and juveniles Bodden larval abundance on 2nd June (20 x 109) was over 25 mm long are caught in all regions early in the almost seven times as high as from 12th to 13th May season. Larvae of this size are the offspring of autumn (3 x 109). In Table 1 the Greifswalder Bodden is com­ spawners from the previous year and gradually dis­ pared with the waters west of Rügen. appear from the samples. Larvae from the previous year The variability of the values within three weeks natu­ were also found in samples collected in the boddens rally makes comparison difficult, but the data confirm south of the Darss-Zingst peninsula from 1975 to 1977 the outstanding importance of Greifswalder Bodden (Hoffman, 1977), and subsequent studies have shown and its adjacent waters at this time of the year (66-4 and that both larvae and juvenile herring are found there 90-9% of all larvae). If the adjacent waters (Strelasund every year. Weigmann (1982), too, showed that spawn­ and Kubitzer Bodden) are not taken into account, the ing takes place and larvae can be caught in Greifswalder abundance in Greifswalder Bodden in mid-May 1981 Bodden and the adjacent waters in October and Nov­ was exceptionally low at less than 50%, as mentioned ember. before. However, surveys from autumn to the end of 1984 Two surveys (Table 2) performed in the regions east and 1985 in Greifswalder Bodden yielded only several of Rügen in 1985 are also suitable for comparison. larvae between 18 and 29 mm long in 1984 and in 1985. Therefore there is little spawning activity between Sept­ ember and December. Table 2. Signs of spawning activity were also found in the 29th May Breitling (Rostock) in the 1980s despite the nearby to 20th to port. Although abundances here were only 1% of those 6th June 25th June observed in Greifswalder Bodden, the spawn indicates 1985 1985 that herring try every inlet along the coast. This is also A Greifswalder Bodden............. ... 73-5% 63-2% shown by the spawners caught in the Breitling and K Coast of Usedom .................... ... 20-3% 22-7% between Zingst (Grabow) and Gellen (Hiddensee) in L Ruden-Greifswalder Oie...... 2-9% 6-4% the approaches to Stralsund. M East of Rügen, south............. 1-8% 2-7% Herring and sprat larvae were found together in this N East of Rügen, north............. 1-5% 5-0% region west of the island of Rügen at the end of the Total.................................................... 100% 100% season. Larvae longer than 6 mm could be distinguished Total larval abundance................. 43-6 x 109 9-3 x 109 by means of the trunk myomers: herring larvae had at least 44 and sprat larvae only 42 or less. It was unfortunately not possible to arrange a sam­ pling schedule that would permit all regions of the coast This comparison, too, shows that larval abundance is far higher in Greifswalder Bodden (73-5 and 63-2% of Table 1. all larvae) even if its adjacent waters are not included. Although abundance was relatively high off the Usedom 20th May coast in 1985, higher abundances were also recorded 12th to to 27th May 2nd June east of Rügen from Nordperd to Sassnitz (East of 1981 1981 Rügen, south) in 1984. A Greifswalder Bodden................. 45-8% B Strelasund...................................... 110% Conclusions C Kubitzer B odden......................... 9-4% D West of Hiddensee to Darss.... 18-3% 4-9% 1. Regions where spring-spawning herring spawn and E Darss to Warnemünde.............. 9-0% 2-4% where the larvae hatch and grow are found all along 1-3% F Warnemünde to Kühlungsborn 4-8% the coastline of the German Democratic Republic. G W ismar........................................... 1-5% 0-4% C Kubitzer B odden......................... 0-5% 2. Greifswalder Bodden and the adjacent waters are B Strelasund...................................... 5-3% the principal spawning ground. A Greifswalder Bodden................. 85-1% 3. The importance of the regions east of Rügen and south to the coast of Usedom as spawning grounds Total.......................................................
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