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United States Patent Office Patented Sept 3,528,864 United States Patent Office Patented Sept. 15, 1970 2 Other objects, features and many of the attendant ad 3,528,864 Vantages of this invention will become readily appre HGH IMPULSE EXPLOSIVES CONTAINING TUNGSTEN ciated as the same become better understood by reference Clarence E. Weinland, China Lake, Calif., assignor to to the following detailed description when considered in the United States of America as represented by the 5 connection with the following examples. Secretary of the Navy The present invention is for an explosive consisting No Drawing. Filed Sept. 21, 1965, Ser. No. 489,471 essentially of one or more known detonating organic Int, C, C06b I5/02 compositions mixed with a metal having a density greater U.S. C. 149-92 3 Claims than the composition. Tungsten was the metal used. The O detonating organic compositions were selected from a group of high explosives consisting of trinitrotoluene ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSUIRE (TNT), cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), cyclo An explosive composition which has improved impul tetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), diaminotrinitro sive effect for each unit volume for use where a minimum benzene (DATB), composition C-3, and composition volume of explosive is needed for a given level of effec 5 C-4. Composition C-3 consists essentially of 77 percent tiveness. It consists essentially of a high explosive loaded RDX ann. 23 percent explosive plasticizer, the plasticizer with tungsten. The tungsten improves the effectiveness of being composed of mononitrotoluene, dinitroluene, tri the explosive due to the physical effect of its massiveness nitrotoluene, tetryl, and nitrocellulose. Composition C-4 in increasing the transfer of momentum and impulse from consists essentially of 91 percent RDX, 2.1 percent poly the explosive to the surrounding bodies. isobutylene, 1.6 percent motor oil and 5.3 percent di(2- ethylhexyl)sebacate. The tungsten is intended to increase the density of the explosive composition. The amount The invention described herein may be manufactured added is adjusted to attain a desired level judged by its and used by or for the Government of the United States product of density times detonation velocity. Tungsten of America for governmental purposes without the pay 25 does not necessarily enter chemically into the detonation ment of any royalties thereon or therefor. reaction, nor does it produce gaseous detonation prod This invention relates to an improved explosive com lucts. The effectiveness of this additive is believed to be position; more particularly, to high impulse explosives. due to the physical effect of its massiveness in increasing In general, high explosives are compositions and mix the transfer of momentum and impulse from the explo tures of ingredients capable of instantaneously releasing 30 sive to surrounding bodies. The material added must have large amounts of energy and doing work of various kinds a greater density than 1.75 grams per milliliter. The on the objects and bodies surrounding them. In some cases tungsten powder used in the practice of this invention has the useful work that is done is limited only by the energy a true density of 19.3 grams per milliliter; its apparent content of the explosive composition, while in other or bulk density may range from 1.75 to 6.0 grams per mil cases the transfer of energy from explosive composition 35 liliter, powders of 2.0 and 4.6 grams per milliliter density to surrounding bodies is controlled to a large degree having been used in the various examples. by the momentum or impulse released by the detonating The following examples are given for better under explosive. The present invention is for an improved ex standing only and no unnecessary limitations are to be plosive composition which has greater impulsive effect 40 understood therefrom. for each unit of its volume. EXAMPLE It is therefore an object of the present invention to pro Ingredients: Percent by weight vide a composition for use in military ordnance where a Composition C-3 -------------------------- 50 minimum volume of explosive is needed for a given level Tungsten (6ts particle size) ------------------ 50 of impulsive effectiveness. 45 Another object is to provide an explosive composition Composition C-3 is a plastic demolition explosive for military fragmenting weapons which is capable of pro which has been standardized by the United States. It con jecting fragments at a high velocity. tains 77-2 percent by weight of cyclotrimethylenetrini A further objective is to provide a composition which tramine (RDX) and 23–2 percent by weight explosive is capable of propelling heavier metal objects in contact 50 plasticizer. The plasticizer contains mononitrotoluene, a with it at high velocity, whether such metal objects are liquid mixture of dinitrotoluenes, trinitrotoluene (TNT), heavier by virtue of their having greater thickness or by tetry and nitrocellulose. It is a yellowish putty-like solid virtue by their being composed of metals of greater in that has a density of 1.6. Composition C-3 and tungsten herent density. were hand mixed, the tungsten being first wet with motor Still another object is to provide an explosive which 55 oil which acts as a processing aid. The mixture was con when placed in contact with a layer of metal and deto tained in a 6-inch long cylinder of mild steel, 2 inches nated by a detonation wave proceeding in the direction in inside diameter and having a 0.25-inch wall. The firing parallel to the contact face between explosive and metal, data for this explosive is as follows: measured detonation will project the metal in a direction which is at a greater velocity, 6,049 meters per second; corrected fragment angle to the normal to the pre-detonation metal surface. 60 velocity, 1,268 meters per second. The density of the com Yet another object is to provide an explosive of lower position is 4.17 grams per cc., and the charge-to-metal detonation velocity and higher impulsive effectiveness ratio of the test as fired was 0.564. The velocity of for use in combination with higher detonation velocity fragments to be expected from a similar steel cylinder of explosives in wave-shaping applications and applications the same dimensions filled with 100 percent C-3 may be where a detonation wave must be guided in particular 65 calculated from the well-known Gurney formula and is directions in order to accomplish useful purposes. 1,223 meters per second. From these data it is possible to A further object is to provide an explosive capable of calculate that a warhead filled with the explosive compo moving metal bodies in contact with it or doing other use sition mentioned in this example will give fragments of ful work on them but without shattering them or frag exactly the same velocity as a warhead filled with 100 menting them in the process. 70 percent of Composition C-3 if the warhead has a ratio Another object is to provide an improved high impulse of case volume to case weight of 0.645 cubic centimeters explosive for use in a shaped charge application. per gram, and that in warheads of lower ratio of case 3,528,864 3 4. volume to case weight, the 50 percent tungsten composi nated. This is different from the ordinary objectives of tion mentioned in this example will give greater fragment obtaining greater brisance, or detonation pressure, or velocity in all cases, the spread between the velocities detonation power or specific detonation energy. The com becoming greater as the volume/weight ratio becomes less. positions disclosed herein produce greater fragment veloc ity, shaped charge effects as related to greater masses of EXAMPLE II jet and slug, or compression shock in surrounding mate Ingredients: Percent by weight rial, from a relatively small volume, and to produce these Composition C-3-------------------------- 75 effects with less shattering of the metal being moved, as Tungsten (1.1 p. particle size) --------------- 25 compared to other known high explosives. The Composition C-3 and tungsten were hand mixed, O Obviously many modifications and variations of the the tungsten being first wet with light mineral oil as a present invention are possible in the light of the above processing aid. The mixture was contained in micarta teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the tubes of approximately 1% inches inside diameter and scope of the intended claims invention may be practiced 1-foot length for the determination of detonation velocity. otherwise than as specifically described. The average detonation velocity for five shots was found 15 What is claimed is: to be 6,550 meters per second. The detonation velocity 1. A high impulse explosive consisting essentially of for 100 percent of C-3 is well-known to be 7,625 meters from 25 to 50 percent by weight tungsten and per second. from 50 to 75 percent by weight of a composition con This same composition was used in the construction of sisting essentially of 77 percent cyclotrimethylene inverted shaped charges known as the "punch' charge. 20 trinitramine and 23 percent plasticizer consisting of When contained in the same explosive container as would a mixture of mononitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, trini hold 3 pounds of 100 percent C-3, the composition de trotoluene, tetryl and nitrocellulose. scribed here was found to be capable of punching the 2. A high impulse explosive consisting essentially of same diameter hole through the same thickness target from 50 to 75 percent by weight tungsten, and plate as the C-3, but in firing three separate tests, in 25 from 25 to 50 percent by weight trinitrotoluene. every case, the cylindrical slug of metal punched out of 3. A high impulse explosive consisting essentially of the target plate was found to be whole and unshattered, about equal parts of a high explosive selected from the whereas in the case of the firings with C-3 the plug was group consisting of a composition comprising cyclotri invariably found to have been fragmented and spalled.
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