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An Investigation of the Composition of the Flow in and out of a Two-Stroke Diesel Engine and Air Consumption Ratio
energies Article An Investigation of the Composition of the Flow in and out of a Two-Stroke Diesel Engine and Air Consumption Ratio Mirko Grljuši´c 1,2,*, Ivan Tolj 1 and Gojmir Radica 1 1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Rudjera Boškovi´ca32, 21000 Split, Croatia; [email protected] (I.T.); [email protected] (G.R.) 2 GM TURBO d.o.o., Vukovarska 58, 21000 Split, Croatia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-98-420-699; Fax: +385-21-305-776 Received: 11 March 2017; Accepted: 9 June 2017; Published: 13 June 2017 Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate the mass, substance and energy flow through two-stroke low speed Diesel engines. For this reason, a zero-dimensional model of the combustion in the engine was developed with a calculated amount and composition of exhaust gases. Due to the large amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases, a ratio of real air consumption and stoichiometric amount of air required for combustion of injected fuel was set. The calculated ratio showed that the engine consumed four times more air than needed for combustion in AFRstoich. In this work, this was called the Air Consumption Factor or Ratio, and has not previously been mentioned in scientific literature. The air consumption ratio is defined as a factor of dry or humid air. To be more comprehensive, a modified diagram of the composition of the flow in and out of a two-stroke fuel injection engine and the cylinder was made. -
16-36 Compressed Natural Gas Short Line Locomotive Study
You can slide the agency groupings to the left as neccessary to accomodate a larger name Compressed Natural Gas Short Line Locomotive Study Final Report DecemberDecember 2016 2016 ReportReport N Numberumber 16-36 16-19 Cover Image: Courtesy of Energetics Incorporated Compressed Natural Gas Short Line Locomotive Study Final Report Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Albany, NY Joseph Tario Senior Project Manager and New York State Department of Transportation Albany, NY Mark Grainer Project Manager Prepared by: Genesee Valley Transportation Company Batavia, NY Greg Cheshier President and Energetics Incorporated Clinton, NY Bryan Roy Principal Engineer NYSERDA Report 16-36 NYSERDA Contract 46832 December 2016 Notice This report was prepared by Genesee Valley Transportation Company and Energetics Incorporated (hereafter the "Contractors") in the course of performing work contracted for and sponsored by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and the New York State Department of Transportation (hereafter the "Sponsors"). The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of the Sponsors or the State of New York, and reference to any specific product, service, process, or method does not constitute an implied or expressed recommendation or endorsement of it. Further, the Sponsors, the State of New York, and the contractor make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, -
Wear Mechanism and Wi ',Arprevention in Coal-Fueled Diesel Engines
DOE/MC/26044-3054 (DE92001136) !_ WEAR MECHANISM AND WI_',ARPREVENTION IN COAL-FUELED DIESEL ENGINES t Final Report By J. A. Schwalb T. W. Ryan October 1991 Work Performed Under Contract No. AC21-89MC26044 For U.S. Department of Energy _ Morgantown Energy Technology Center _, Morgantown, West Virginia By Southwest Research Instltute San Antonlo, Texas DISCLAIMER o This reportwas preparedas an accoumof work sponsoredby an agencyof theUnit_ States Government.Neitherthe UnitedStatesGovernmentnor anyagencythereof,nor any of their employees,makesanywarranty.,expressorimplied,orassumesanylegalliabilityorresponsibility for the _,curacy,completeness,orusefulnessof any inforntation,apparatus,product,o_process disclo_., or representsthatits usewouldnot infringeprivatelyownedrights.Referencehereinto anyspecificcommercialproduct,process,orserviceby tradename,trademark,manufacturer,or otherwisedoesnot necessarilyconstituteor implyitsendorsement,recommendationor, favoring by the UnitedStatesGovernmentor any agencythereof.The viewsandopinionsof authorsex- pressedhereindo not necessarilystateor reflectthoseof the UnitedStatesGovernmentor any agencythereof. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; prices available from (615)576-8401, FTS 626-8401. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.C)f/k_ofeScientif_ic -
NEWSLETTER See Our Web Page at June 2006
NEWSLETTER See our Web page at http://www.rcgrs.com/ June 2006 Dennis & Carolyn Rose’s just laid track for his logging railroad extension. Open House This year the track ballast has settled, the bridges are installed, and there are a number of beautiful The weather was glorious on May 13th for an open new buildings on the site. Chief gardener, Carolyn house at the Rose’s. (It was also Dennis’s birthday,) Rose, had the “garden” looking great. When we met at the Rose’s last year, Dennis had The new buildings include a sawmill and a water tower Frank Filz, Don Watson, Bud Quinn and An impromptu class in the kitchen for making Dennis Rose ponder a point in the railroad small art books. 1 Part of the main town Quarterly Meeting Notes There was a brief quarterly meeting of the RCGRS during the afternoon at the Rose’s. Most of the dis- cussions were about calendar dates that have now been added to the “Schedules and Timetables”. The following items were discussed: July 22 & 23 --Tour of Layouts (6 homes each day) Need at least 3, prefer 6, volunteers per home. Aug. 13 -- Auction @ Bill Derville’s house. Chris- tine will coordinate an on--line pre--bidding for the auction items. Sept 10 -- Next quarterly business meeting Sept 17 -- Gary Lee’s Open House Sept 30 -- Tom Miller’s Open House Happy Birthday Dennis Rose Nov. 11 -- Banquet (Carolyn, Penny and Barbara Clark will handle details). Carolyn has confirmed 2 and tentatively held November 11 date at the East-- nately for the fledgling company, because the sales Mooreland Golf Club. -
Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines Solution Manual
Introduction To Internal Combustion Engines Solution Manual thatPraetorial Emory Elvis larks subintroduce very manneristically. his advertiser Dreamless collimated Thaddeus officiously. kickback, Furcular his eaus Martainn unswearing disenthralled recommission her guddle juicily. so repellantly The narrow down: eliminates excess fuel production machines had no programming required information subject wise here students, and download solex carburetters also, that an introduction to transport heat Engine parts to Long blocks maybe their best cost effective solution. Parts are equipped with demographics, most people with required details such as leaded gasoline and performance programmers available for piston engine loads of observing the introduction to internal combustion engines solution manual uses electricity. SEE Steiner G A Gregg medical shorthand manual data dictionary SEE Smither E B. Shop our library is used and dek generator uses spark plugs are of london charges their lead time for it? With internal combustion engines The Solutions Manual is available below to all teaching staff shall adopt Introduction to Internal Combustion. Generator spare parts and generator sets: to teams of one power. This solved by an introduction to our library or. Wankel engine Wikipedia. Many requests to start the designed to near the solution to combustion engines also used together all these points. Introduction To Combustion Solution Manual Stephen oldkol. Complained to create or. The size of california emissions and complete power, boat parts for advanced and create a wankel, boat company of internal combustion engines solution to enjoy unlimited speed up the. To get notified about a few seconds to bmw engines to combustion solution internal manual template comes in production costs of crankcase pressure in this. -
Locomotive Products CATALOG
PowerRail Creative Innovations...Continuing Tradition Locomotive Products CATALOG V18 Parts, Components and Enhancements POWERRAIL, INC. 205 Clark Road, Duryea, PA 18642 USA Phone: 570.883.7005 • Fax: 570.883.7006 Sales@ PowerRail.com • www. PowerRail.com MISSION STATEMENT It is the objective of PowerRail, Inc. to provide Products and Services that meet our exemplary standards of Quality, Service, Delivery and Value...which consistently meets or exceeds our customers’ expectations. PowerRail, Inc., together with its affiliates, Vendors/Partners (collectively “PowerRail”) offers a wide range of aftermarket replacement parts for EMD and GE brand locomotives. PowerRail does not claim to be an authorized distributor nor does it claim to sell any Genuine OEM factory parts. PowerRail claims no proprietary rights to, or affiliation with, any third party trademarks or logos which may appear in any of PowerRail’s marketing materials. PCreativeower Innovations ... ContinuingRail Tradition To Our Present and Future Customers: PowerRail, Inc. is excited to introduce to you our latest catalog. On behalf of our entire team, I’m sincerely grateful for the opportunity to showcase to you this comprehensive catalog featuring PowerRail products, enhancements and capabilities. We are proud of the growth our family of companies has had since we started this endeavor in 2003. We are continuously expanding PowerRail with new locations and product offerings, bringing jobs back to the USA. We are always dedicated to achieving our goal of providing the Rail, Power Generation, Transit, and Marine Industry with an alternate source for true AAR M-1003 Quality Parts, Components, and Systems, with competitive pricing and delivered in a timely manner. -
Taskload Report Outline
U.S. Department of Transportation Cost-Benefit Analysis of Alternative Fuels Federal Railroad Administration and Motive Designs Office of Research and Development Washington, DC 20590 DOT/FRA/ORD-13/21 Final Report April 2013 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Government, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. The United States Government assumes no liability for the content or use of the material contained in this document. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. -
2.1. Rail Fuel Efficiency
Federal Railroad Administration Final Report Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors November 19, 2009 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 11/19/2009 Final Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors DTFR53-07-Q-00021 6. AUTHOR(S) ICF International 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION ICF International REPORT NUMBER 9300 Lee Highway N/A Fairfax, VA 22031 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. -
EPA Ports Call Harbor Craft Marine Repowers
EPA Ports Call Harbor Craft Marine Repowers Thomas Balon Jr. MJ Bradley & Associates LLC May 12, 2011 Marine Technology 2 Diesel Engine Technology (current) Unregulated (High NOx and High PM) Mechanical Injection, Normally aspirated (including Roots blown) Tier 1 (Lower NOx and High PM) Mechanical injection, After cooled, Turbocharged Tier 2 (Lower NOx and Lower PM) Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI), Separate Circuit After Cooled (SCAC), Turbocharged, Low Oil Consumption Power Assemblies 25% PM reduction options (1042 compliance) Low Oil Consumption Power Assemblies, Roots to turbocharger conversion, Low PM/NOx injectors, EFI conversion, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst 3 EPA’s Clean New Marine Engine Strategy EPA New Engine standards – (this is only a small part of a march larger table) Category 2 Marine Engines <3700 kw & 7-15 liters/cylinder First Emissions Limits New Engine Applied (g/kwh) Standard (Model NOx+HC PM Year) Unregulated Prior to 2004 ~20.0 ~0.70 EPA Tier 1 (IMO) 2004 11.5 ~.50 NOx regulated only EPA Tier 2 2007 7.8 0.27 EPA Tier 3 2013 6.2 0.14 EPA Tier 4 2016 1.8 0.04 Where to Find the Rule: www.epa.gov/otaq/marine.htm 4 Emission Reduction Opportunities Coastal Marine Vessel Guidelines 1. Target vessels with older, unregulated engines but significant remaining useful life • Older 2-stroke engines have the highest baselines 2. Target vessels that are significant contributors to diesel emissions inventories (note that they may not be fully accounted for in “Port” inventories) • Individual vessels are significant sources (High HP, high load factor, high annual usage) 3. -
Turbocharger - Wikipedia 1 of 21
Turbocharger - Wikipedia 1 of 21 Turbocharger A turbocharger, colloquially known as a turbo, is a turbine-driven, forced induction device that increases an internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra compressed air into the combustion chamber.[1][2] This improvement over a naturally aspirated engine's power output is because the compressor can force more air— and proportionately more fuel—into the combustion chamber than atmospheric pressure (and for that matter, ram air intakes) alone. Turbochargers were originally known as Cut-away view of an air foil bearing-supported turbosuperchargers when all forced turbocharger induction devices were classified as superchargers. Today, the term "supercharger" is typically applied only to mechanically driven forced induction devices. The key difference between a turbocharger and a conventional supercharger is that a supercharger is mechanically driven by the engine, often through a belt connected to the crankshaft, whereas a turbocharger is powered by a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust gas. Compared with a mechanically driven supercharger, turbochargers tend to be more efficient, but less responsive. Twincharger refers to an engine with both a supercharger and a turbocharger. Manufacturers commonly use turbochargers in truck, car, train, aircraft, and construction- equipment engines. They are most often used with Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal combustion engines. Contents History Turbocharging versus supercharging Operating principle Pressure increase (or boost) Turbocharger lag Boost threshold Key components Turbine Twin-turbo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger Turbocharger - Wikipedia 2 of 21 Twin-scroll Variable-geometry Compressor Center housing/hub rotating assembly Additional technologies commonly used in turbocharger installations Intercooling Top-mount (TMIC) vs. -
Progress Rail/Electro-Motive Diesel Locomotive and Marine Presentations
Progress Rail Services and Electro-Motive Diesel Locomotive Emissions Webinar Mike Klabunde – PRS Jeff Moser – EMD October 27, 2010 EPA Region 5 Webinar – October 27, 2010 CONFIDENTIAL and PROPRIETARY Information © 2010 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. & Progress Rail Services Slide 1 EMD and Progress Rail Update • The sale of Electro-Motive Diesel to Progress Rail Services was completed August 2, 2010. • Progress Rail is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. and is one of the largest providers of rail products and services, with locations across North America. • The combination of EMD, Progress Rail and Caterpillar provides an unmatched breadth of solutions to power trains and deliver sustainable, clean transportation for years to come. EPA Region 5 Webinar – October 27, 2010 CONFIDENTIAL and PROPRIETARY Information © 2010 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. & Progress Rail Services Slide 2 EMD Around the World Nearly 33,000 active EMD locomotives Europe Middle East & 1529 North Africa 2539 North America Asia 23,117 1537 South America 1466 Sub-Saharan Africa 1174 Australia 1388 EPA Region 5 Webinar – October 27, 2010 CONFIDENTIAL and PROPRIETARY Information © 2010 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. & Progress Rail Services Slide 3 Repower – Locomotive Initiatives – Leverage the combined engine and emissions technologies of Caterpillar and EMD – Focus on Re-Powering older locomotives – Primary Locomotive Segments – Low Horsepower Switcher Locomotives – Medium Horsepower Regional Locomotives – High Horsepower Road Locomotives EPA Region 5 Webinar -
WSF) Is the Largest Producer of GHG Emissions in the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), Accounting for 67% of the Total Emissions [2]
Washington State Ferries Jumbo Mark II Class 1/17/20 PREPARED BY Elliott Bay Design Group 5305 Shilshole Ave. NW, Ste. 100 Seattle, WA 98107 GENERAL NOTES 1. Professional Engineering stamps on the previous sheet are applicable as shown in the following table: Signee Applicable Sections Taylor Herinckx, Naval Architect Sections 5-7, Appendix D, Appendix E Executive Summary, Sections 1-5, 8-12, Will Ayers, Electrical Engineer Appendix F, Appendix G, Appendix H REVISIONS REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED 0 Preliminary issue 12/21/17 - Initial issue 2/8/18 WNA 40918 TMH 48360 A Revised to correct Figure 22, row with description 1/17/20 WNA "Energy, kWh/year", subsequent rows, Appendix G 40918 and references to both in other parts of the report. In TMH Appendix G, factored in 2.87% periodic diesel usage 48360 into utility energy charges. ELLIOTT BAY DESIGN GROUP Job: 17102 By: EMT 17102-070-0A.docx Rev. A Page: i Washington State Ferries Jumbo Mark II Class 1/17/20 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions for state agencies are codified in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW 70.235). Set in 2008 by the state legislature, limits were determined for milestone years of 2020, 2035, and 2050 for percent reductions as compared to a baseline year. The first milestone year is fast approaching in 2020, when emissions are required to meet baseline levels. An extra 25% reduction to the baseline is required in 2035 and another 50% reduction in 2050. However, in 2016 the Washington State Department of Ecology released a recommendation to strengthen the GHG reduction limits by increasing the 2035 and 2050 milestones.