Turbocharger - Wikipedia 1 of 21
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Uni-Fuel System, a Simple and Modern Way to Improve Fuel Consumption and Energy Generating Costs - the Sulzer S20 Diesel Engine As a Basic Model
Transactions on the Built Environment vol 1, © 1993 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 The uni-fuel system, a simple and modern way to improve fuel consumption and energy generating costs - the Sulzer S20 diesel engine as a basic model W. Klinkmann New Sulzer Diesel Ltd, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerland Introduction Much has been written and will still be written on the subject of uni-fuel ships and generating shipboard electrical power. Recently, however, there has been slightly less written; probably because the number of newbuildings characterized by uni-fuel systems is growing and fuel prices are relatively stable. Independent of the technical side of the uni-fuel philosophy, one thing is undeniable - costs put pressure on profits. Now, when freight rates are not always satisfactory, costs can be a matter of life or death. S'OOO* 600 200 1987 1988 1990 SOURCE: Lloyd's Shipping Economist NOTES: * 30 months; quarterly figures Fig. 1: Operating costs of 10-12 years-old 100 000 tdw tankers 12 8 MarinTransactionse Engineerin on the Built Environmentg vol 1, © 1993 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 The Principal Economic Parameter Shipping and related activities are risky businesses with high investments and market environments which are highly volatile. The output of ships (tonne-miles) only takes place when vessels are at sea. Reliability of ships and their machinery are therefore of eminent economical importance. The following formula gives us a good basis for judging the influence which different parameters have on -
Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2009
Driving ideas. !..5!,2%0/24 Key Figures MFCBJN8><E>IFLG )''0 )''/ Mfcld\;XkX( M\_`Zc\jXc\jle`kj -#*'0#.+* -#).(#.)+ "'%- Gif[lZk`fele`kj -#',+#/)0 -#*+-#,(, Æ+%- <dgcfp\\jXk;\Z%*( *-/#,'' *-0#0)/ Æ'%+ )''0 )''/ =`eXeZ`Xc;XkX@=IJj #d`cc`fe JXc\ji\m\el\ (',#(/. ((*#/'/ Æ.%- Fg\iXk`e^gif]`k (#/,, -#*** Æ.'%. Gif]`kY\]fi\kXo (#)-( -#-'/ Æ/'%0 Gif]`kX]k\ikXo 0(( +#-// Æ/'%- Gif]`kXkki`YlkXYc\kfj_Xi\_fc[\ijf]MfcbjnX^\e8> 0-' +#.,* Æ.0%/ :Xj_]cfnj]ifdfg\iXk`e^XZk`m`k`\j)()#.+( )#.') o :Xj_]cfnj]ifd`em\jk`e^XZk`m`k`\j)('#+)/ ((#-(* Æ('%) 8lkfdfk`m\;`m`j`fe* <9@K;8+ /#'', ()#('/ Æ**%0 :Xj_]cfnj]ifdfg\iXk`e^XZk`m`k`\j) ()#/(, /#/'' "+,%- :Xj_]cfnj]ifd`em\jk`e^XZk`m`k`\j)#,('#),) ((#+.0 Æ('%. f]n_`Z_1`em\jkd\ekj`egifg\ikp#gcXekXe[\hl`gd\ek),#./* -#..* Æ(+%- XjXg\iZ\ekX^\f]jXc\ji\m\el\ -%) -%- ZXg`kXc`q\[[\m\cfgd\ekZfjkj (#0+/ )#)(- Æ()%( XjXg\iZ\ekX^\f]jXc\ji\m\el\ )%( )%) E\kZXj_]cfn )#,-* Æ)#-.0 o E\kc`hl`[`kpXk;\Z%*( ('#-*- /#'*0 "*)%* )''0 )''/ I\klieiXk`fj`e I\kliefejXc\jY\]fi\kXo (%) ,%/ I\kliefe`em\jkd\ekX]k\ikXo8lkfdfk`m\;`m`j`fe *%/ ('%0 I\kliefe\hl`kpY\]fi\kXo=`eXeZ`XcJ\im`Z\j;`m`j`fe -.%0 ()%( ( @eZcl[`e^mfcld\[XkX]fik_\m\_`Zc\$gif[lZk`fe`em\jkd\ekjJ_Xe^_X`$MfcbjnX^\e8lkfdfk`m\:fdgXepCk[% Xe[=8N$MfcbjnX^\e8lkfdfk`m\:fdgXepCk[%#n_`Z_Xi\XZZflek\[]filj`e^k_\\hl`kpd\k_f[% ) )''/X[aljk\[% * @eZcl[`e^XccfZXk`fef]Zfejfc`[Xk`feX[aljkd\ekjY\kn\\ek_\8lkfdfk`m\Xe[=`eXeZ`XcJ\im`Z\j[`m`j`fej% + Fg\iXk`e^gif]`kgclje\k[\gi\Z`Xk`fe&Xdfik`qXk`feXe[`dgX`id\ekcfjj\j&i\m\ijXcjf]`dgX`id\ekcfjj\jfegifg\ikp#gcXekXe[\hl`gd\ek# ZXg`kXc`q\[[\m\cfgd\ekZfjkj#c\Xj`e^Xe[i\ekXcXjj\kj#^ff[n`ccXe[]`eXeZ`XcXjj\kjXji\gfik\[`ek_\ZXj_]cfnjkXk\d\ek% , <oZcl[`e^XZhl`j`k`feXe[[`jgfjXcf]\hl`kp`em\jkd\ekj1Ñ.#,/,d`cc`feÑ/#/.0d`cc`fe % - Gif]`kY\]fi\kXoXjXg\iZ\ekX^\f]Xm\iX^\\hl`kp% . -
Volkswagen Touran 1.4 TSI DSG (A) Information
Printed 26-Sep-2021 Volkswagen Touran 1.4 TSI DSG (A) Information Built in : Germany Listed Price : $118,800 Road Tax : $620 /yr OMV : $22,100 Distributor : Volkswagen Group Singapore Hotline : 64748288 Overall Rating : Specifications Features Engine Safety features Engine capacity 1,390 cc Number of airbags 6 Engine type 4-cylinder in-line TSI Twincharger Traction control Yes Fuel type Petrol Driver's features Performance Multi-Function steering wheel No Power 103kW (138 bhp) Keyless engine start No Torque 220 Nm Auto headlights Yes Acceleration 9.5s (0-100 km/h) Rain sensing wipers Yes Top speed 202 km/h Electrical retractable side mirrors Yes Fuel consumption 15.2 km/L Paddle shifters No CO2 emission 154 g/km (As tested by LTA) Cruise control Yes Electric park brake button No Misc technical data Navigation system No Transmission 7-speed (A) DSG Bluetooth Interface No Drive type Front-wheel drive Security features Measurements Smart key No Vehicle type MPV Remote boot release Yes Dimensions (L x W x H) (4397 x 1794 x 1674) mm Electric tailgate No Wheelbase 2,678 mm Min turning radius 5,600 mm Exterior features Kerb weight 1,416 kg Headlights Halogen Fuel tank capacity 60 L Daytime running lights Halogen Boot/Cargo Capacity unknown Front fog lamps No Rims 16" Brakes Sunroof/Moonroof/Panoramic roof No Brakes (Front) Ventilated disc Brakes (Rear) Disc Interior features Multi-zone aircon Yes Suspension Rear aircon Yes Suspension (Front) MacPherson strut Reverse camera No Suspension (Rear) Multi-link Driver's electric seat No Passenger's electric seat No Driver's memory seat No Passenger's memory seat No Knockdown rear seats Yes Leather seats Yes Leather steering wheel Yes Additional features Roof rails Yes *Specifications and Features may vary from actual vehicle. -
Emd 710 Series Engine Benefits Engines 710 Series Engines
EMD 710 SERIES ENGINE BENEFITS ENGINES 710 SERIES ENGINES • Superior reliability means the 710 engine can operate more than • Low lube oil consumption and oil changes based on three years without experiencing a road failure, setting the bar for scheduled sampling the rail industry • Quickly reaches full power providing superior adhesion control • Lightweight, medium-speed engine during wheel slip events for AC freight locomotives • Custom design and integration for optimized performance • Robust, service-proven design with unmatched durability across a wide range of operating environments • Largest installed fleet and common parts provide reduced material, • Inherently emissions friendly and fuel efficient labor, tooling and training costs • Ease of maintenance and lower overhaul costs • New EMD engine technologies can be retrofit on existing models to further enhance performance and efficiency EMD 710 SERIES ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS WORLD-CLASS RELIABILITY ENGINE DESIGNATION 8-710 12-710 16-710 20-710 Sets the rail industry standard for mean time between road failures Cylinders, Arrangement 8 cylinders, 45°V 12 cylinders, 45°V 16 cylinders, 45°V 20 cylinders, 45°V Bore Diameter 230.2 mm (9.1 in) 230.2 mm (9.1 in) 230.2 mm (9.1 in) 230.2 mm (9.1 in) LEADING SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFICIENCY Piston Stroke 279.4 mm (11 in) 279.4 mm (11 in) 279.4 mm (11 in) 279.4 mm (11 in) Meets emissions standards while providing optimized fuel efficiency and reduced lube oil consumption Full-Load Speed 900 rpm 900 rpm 950 rpm 900 rpm Power Rating 1,640 kW (2,200 -
Characterisation of Gasoline Fuels in a DISI Engine
Characterisation of Gasoline Fuels in a DISI Engine Jon Pilbeam David Weissenberger Afton Chemical, Bracknell, UK SGS S.A., Vienna, Austria Whitepaper 1 Summary The importance of direct injection for gasoline has been described and demonstrated on numerous occasions in many articles and technical papers. Similarly, the impact of deposits forming on the injector and the subsequent effect on efficiency and emissions is also well documented and many oil and fuel additive companies have developed their own methodologies. However, until now there has not been an industry test available to compare deposit forming tendencies of different fuels or deposit control additives to clean them up. This paper looks at a recently proposed CEC direct injection gasoline fuels test based on the VW 1.4 ‘twin-charger’ engine. SGS laboratories secured access to a surrogate engine sharing most of the key hardware and software components common with that proposed for the CEC test. This allowed early work to be conducted between SGS and Afton Chemical to study a range of engine, fuel and deposit control additive effects. The impact of fuel properties on injector deposit formation was found to be significant. Previous studies have shown there is almost no consensus of ‘bad actors’ with regard to fuel properties and deposit formation. This seems likely to be due to the fact that each engine and test cycle has its own specific characteristics, and in this regard, this proposed CEC test currently appears to be no different. 2018 © Afton Chemical Corporation, All Rights Reserved. Not to be copied, shared, or reproduced in any media without the express written permission of Afton Chemical Corporation. -
Comparison of Characteristics of Spark Plug Engines Fsi, Tsi/Tfsi Type of Volkswagen Company
SCIENTIFIC PROCEEDINGS XXIII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL CONFERENCE "trans & MOTAUTO ’15" ISSN 1310-3946 COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SPARK PLUG ENGINES FSI, TSI/TFSI TYPE OF VOLKSWAGEN COMPANY PhD. Eng. Krzysztof Miksiewicz Faculty of Mechanical Engineering – Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland [email protected] Abstract: The use of direct injection in spark ignition engines, significantly facilitated the use of chargers in these engines. This resulted lately in the significant popularization of direct injection engines, initially freely sucking and in final result turbocharged. The greatest popularity on the market gained engines of Volkswagen company, named FSI and TFSI / TSI. Application of Common Rail systems allowed not only to improve the characteristics of the engine by increasing the accuracy in dispensing fuel into individual cylinders. The most important gain is the possibility of second injection of the fuel to the cylinder after the intake valve is closed. On the one hand it allows better control of the load in the cylinder, at first with the piston crown, and now with shaping the injection by the injector. KEYWORDS: TRANSPORT, COMBUSTION ENGINES, FUEL INJECTION, STRATIFIED INJECTION, CHARGE ENGINES 1. Introduction Light-red color indicates the characteristics of power of the 1.6 FSI Petrol engines recently lost competitiveness against turbocharged engine, and the purple its torque. Dark-red color indicates the diesel engines. Previously used indirect injection technology, was engine power of 1.4 TSI and blue, its torque. It is clear that the a restriction in supercharging those engines, so that the most curve under the turbo-charged engine is steeper and more quickly effective way of raising the torque of the engine was increasing its reaches its maximum. -
Powertrain Hybrid Choices Will Multiply Until Fuel Cell Technology Arrives
AN_suppl_051031_8-10.qxd 19.10.2005 19:33 Uhr Page 8 Powertrain Hybrid choices will multiply until fuel cell technology arrives RICHARD TRUETT AUTOMOTIVE NEWS EUROPE he early optimism for hydrogen-powered Tfuel cell vehicles got a reality check in 2005. With the exception of General Motors, virtually no automaker, supplier, energy company or government official expects fuel cell vehicles to be ready for mass production until at least 2020. Even GM has softened its once bullish position on fuel cells. Instead of having a complete vehicle ready for production in 2010, GM says it now plans to have a fuel cell powertrain tested and validated by the end of the decade. Because fuel cell vehicles are so far off and because automakers need a mid-term strategy to reduce consumption and lower emissions, gasoline-electric hybrids moved into the lead this year as the quickest and least expensive way to achieve those goals. The new generation of clean-running Ford Motor Co. is one of several automakers testing fuel cell vehicles, including a diesels will be another fuel-saving hybrid fuel cell vehicle. While the Ford Focus FCV (above) appears no different than a powertrain available in North America, but conventional Focus, the floorpan is actually a hydrogen fuel cell and auxiliary energy more on that later. system that can supply electricity to the powertrain. A hydrogen tank is in the trunk. Gasoline-electric hybrids will account for The FCV also has a nickel-metal hydride battery pack and a brake-by-wire slightly less than 200,000 of the roughly regenerative braking system. -
Internal Combustion Engines Collection of Stationary
ASME International THE COOLSPRING POWER MUSEUM COLLECTION OF STATIONARY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES MECHANICAL ENGINEERING HERITAGE COLLECTION Coolspring Power Museum Coolspring, Pennsylvania June 16, 2001 The Coolspring Power Museu nternal combustion engines revolutionized the world I around the turn of th 20th century in much the same way that steam engines did a century before. One has only to imagine a coal-fired, steam-powered, air- plane to realize how important internal combustion was to the industrialized world. While the early gas engines were more expensive than the equivalent steam engines, they did not require a boiler and were cheap- er to operate. The Coolspring Power Museum collection documents the early history of the internal- combustion revolution. Almost all of the critical components of hundreds of innovations that 1897 Charter today’s engines have their ori- are no longer used). Some of Gas Engine gins in the period represented the engines represent real engi- by the collection (as well as neering progress; others are more the product of inventive minds avoiding previous patents; but all tell a story. There are few duplications in the collection and only a couple of manufacturers are represent- ed by more than one or two examples. The Coolspring Power Museum contains the largest collection of historically signifi- cant, early internal combustion engines in the country, if not the world. With the exception of a few items in the collection that 2 were driven by the engines, m Collection such as compressors, pumps, and generators, and a few steam and hot air engines shown for comparison purposes, the collection contains only internal combustion engines. -
16-36 Compressed Natural Gas Short Line Locomotive Study
You can slide the agency groupings to the left as neccessary to accomodate a larger name Compressed Natural Gas Short Line Locomotive Study Final Report DecemberDecember 2016 2016 ReportReport N Numberumber 16-36 16-19 Cover Image: Courtesy of Energetics Incorporated Compressed Natural Gas Short Line Locomotive Study Final Report Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Albany, NY Joseph Tario Senior Project Manager and New York State Department of Transportation Albany, NY Mark Grainer Project Manager Prepared by: Genesee Valley Transportation Company Batavia, NY Greg Cheshier President and Energetics Incorporated Clinton, NY Bryan Roy Principal Engineer NYSERDA Report 16-36 NYSERDA Contract 46832 December 2016 Notice This report was prepared by Genesee Valley Transportation Company and Energetics Incorporated (hereafter the "Contractors") in the course of performing work contracted for and sponsored by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and the New York State Department of Transportation (hereafter the "Sponsors"). The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of the Sponsors or the State of New York, and reference to any specific product, service, process, or method does not constitute an implied or expressed recommendation or endorsement of it. Further, the Sponsors, the State of New York, and the contractor make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, -
Because Life Is Fluid
BECAUSE LIFE IS FLUID Geschäftsbericht 2019 Inhalt 3 Brief an die Aktionärinnen und Aktionäre 7 Sulzer auf einen Blick 7 Unser Unternehmen 8 Unsere Kennzahlen 10 Fokus 18 Lagebericht 19 Finanzbericht 26 Lagebericht Divisionen 38 Nachhaltige Entwicklung 39 Mensch und Gemeinschaft 41 Umwelt 44 Arbeitssicherheit 46 Corporate governance (English only) 47 Corporate structure and shareholders 48 Capital structure 49 Board of Directors 57 Executive Committee 58 Shareholder participation rights 59 Takeover and defense measures 60 Auditors 61 Risk management 63 Information policy 64 Compensation report (English only) 65 Letter to the shareholders 68 Special report 71 Compensation governance and principles 74 Compensation architecture for the CEO and EC members 83 Compensation of the Executive Committee for 2019 88 Compensation architecture for the Board of Directors 90 Compensation of the Board of Directors for 2019 93 Auditor’s report 94 Financial reporting (English only) 95 Consolidated financial statements 185 Financial statements of Sulzer Ltd Sulzer Geschäftsbericht 2019 – Brief an die Aktionärinnen und Aktionäre 3 Brief an die Aktionärinnen und Aktionäre Wir von Sulzer wissen: „Life is fluid“. Auf der ganzen Welt werden Flüssigkeiten und Gase im Rahmen kritischer Infrastrukturprojekte transportiert oder verarbeitet. Wir setzen unser Fachwissen im Bereich Fluid-Engineering ein, um tagtäglich das Leben von Millionen von Menschen positiv zu beeinflussen. So erfüllen unsere Pumpen eine zentrale Funktion in Wassersystemen weltweit und helfen, die wertvollste Ressource unseres Planeten über Hunderte von Kilometern zu den Menschen zu transportieren und so die Entwicklung boomender Städte voranzutreiben. Unsere Serviceteams stellen die zuverlässige Stromversorgung für wachsende Volkswirtschaften und eine wachsende Bevölkerung sicher – um letztlich den ständig steigenden Energiebedarf zu decken. -
Wear Mechanism and Wi ',Arprevention in Coal-Fueled Diesel Engines
DOE/MC/26044-3054 (DE92001136) !_ WEAR MECHANISM AND WI_',ARPREVENTION IN COAL-FUELED DIESEL ENGINES t Final Report By J. A. Schwalb T. W. Ryan October 1991 Work Performed Under Contract No. AC21-89MC26044 For U.S. Department of Energy _ Morgantown Energy Technology Center _, Morgantown, West Virginia By Southwest Research Instltute San Antonlo, Texas DISCLAIMER o This reportwas preparedas an accoumof work sponsoredby an agencyof theUnit_ States Government.Neitherthe UnitedStatesGovernmentnor anyagencythereof,nor any of their employees,makesanywarranty.,expressorimplied,orassumesanylegalliabilityorresponsibility for the _,curacy,completeness,orusefulnessof any inforntation,apparatus,product,o_process disclo_., or representsthatits usewouldnot infringeprivatelyownedrights.Referencehereinto anyspecificcommercialproduct,process,orserviceby tradename,trademark,manufacturer,or otherwisedoesnot necessarilyconstituteor implyitsendorsement,recommendationor, favoring by the UnitedStatesGovernmentor any agencythereof.The viewsandopinionsof authorsex- pressedhereindo not necessarilystateor reflectthoseof the UnitedStatesGovernmentor any agencythereof. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; prices available from (615)576-8401, FTS 626-8401. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.C)f/k_ofeScientif_ic -
NEWSLETTER See Our Web Page at June 2006
NEWSLETTER See our Web page at http://www.rcgrs.com/ June 2006 Dennis & Carolyn Rose’s just laid track for his logging railroad extension. Open House This year the track ballast has settled, the bridges are installed, and there are a number of beautiful The weather was glorious on May 13th for an open new buildings on the site. Chief gardener, Carolyn house at the Rose’s. (It was also Dennis’s birthday,) Rose, had the “garden” looking great. When we met at the Rose’s last year, Dennis had The new buildings include a sawmill and a water tower Frank Filz, Don Watson, Bud Quinn and An impromptu class in the kitchen for making Dennis Rose ponder a point in the railroad small art books. 1 Part of the main town Quarterly Meeting Notes There was a brief quarterly meeting of the RCGRS during the afternoon at the Rose’s. Most of the dis- cussions were about calendar dates that have now been added to the “Schedules and Timetables”. The following items were discussed: July 22 & 23 --Tour of Layouts (6 homes each day) Need at least 3, prefer 6, volunteers per home. Aug. 13 -- Auction @ Bill Derville’s house. Chris- tine will coordinate an on--line pre--bidding for the auction items. Sept 10 -- Next quarterly business meeting Sept 17 -- Gary Lee’s Open House Sept 30 -- Tom Miller’s Open House Happy Birthday Dennis Rose Nov. 11 -- Banquet (Carolyn, Penny and Barbara Clark will handle details). Carolyn has confirmed 2 and tentatively held November 11 date at the East-- nately for the fledgling company, because the sales Mooreland Golf Club.